Why consumers bias? : A quantitative study about Shanghai consumer resistance intention towards remanufactured electric vehicle batteries

Background: The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) raises concerns about energy consumption, environmental impact, and the management of retired EV batteries (EVBs). Despite the potential benefits of remanufactured EVBs (REVBs) in resource conservation and environmental protection, and its performance parity with new batteries, consumer resistance persists. Exploring factors influencing consumer adoption and strategies for enhancing consumer acceptance is necessary to promote sustainability in the EV industry. There is little attention to consumers in remanufactured products research. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to explore the factors that Chinese EV consumers' resist to adopt REVBs by using the innovation resistance theory and an extend factor. Methods: Quantitative research with questionnaire is used to test the model and hypotheses. Findings: The results show that Chinese consumers' willingness to adopt and use REVBs is significantly affected by risk barriers, tradition barriers, image barriers, and environmental awareness, which in turn to the formation of consumer resistance to adoption.