The Relationship Between Computerized Face and Tongue Image Segmentation and Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Based on Machine Learning

Song Wen,1,2 Yanyan Li,1 Chenglin Xu,1 Jianlan Jin,1 Zhimin Xu,1 Yue Yuan,1 Lijiao Chen,1 Yishu Ren,1 Min Gong,1 Congcong Wang,1 Meiyuan Dong,1 Yingfan Zhou,3 Xinlu Yuan,1 Fufeng Li,4 Ligang Zhou1,2,5 1Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China; 2Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 3Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 5Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ligang Zhou, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613611927616, Email zhouligang1n1@163.com Fufeng Li, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China, Email li_fufeng@aliyun.comObjective: We aim to examine and reestablish the correlational and linear regression relationships, as well as the predictive value, between the significant facial and tongue features and the metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and Methods: From March to May 2024, we studied 269 patients with T2DM in the endocrinology department of Shanghai Pudong Hospital. The patients’ facial and tongue characteristics were sampling by a tongue imaging device equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) (XiMaLife, Sinology, China) of automated and advanced machine learning algorithms. Then, the imaging features were examined in relation to the blood examination.Results: Multiple facial and tongue features, as well as dimensional facial and tongue color parameters, were significantly correlated with glycated he