Compulsory Education: Schools, Pupils, Teachers, Programs and Methods. Conference Papers for the 8th Session of the International Standing Conference for the History of Education (Parma, Italy, September 3-6, 1986). Volume II.

This second of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the western hemisphere covers schools, pupils, teachers, programs, and methods. Of the volume's 16 selections, 13 are written in English and 3 are written in Italian. Most selections contain summaries; summaries of the Italian articles are written in English. Bibliographies accompany most articles. Titles and authors are as follows: "Child Labour and Compulsory Education. Acceptance and Resistance of Belgian Working-Class Families (1880-1920)" (Bie De Graeve); "The Belgian Primary School Teacher and Compulsory Education (1830-1914)" (Franky Simon); "A Major Educational Controversy in Finland: Are Six-Year Olds Ready for School?" (Mikko Ojala); "19th Century Ideas on Compulsory Education: Who Was Compelled?" (Patricia Smart); "Scuola dell'Obbligo e Nuova Alfabetizzazione: Parlare e Scrivere dalla Scuola Media Unificata (1962) agli Anni Ottanta" (Patrizia Mazzotta); "Normal and Non-Normal Children in the Light of Compulsory Education in The Netherlands, Circa 1850-Circa 1920" (Jeroen Dekker); "The Problem of Compulsory Schooling and Universal Elementary Education in the Kingdom of Poland in the Second Half of 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century" (Julian Dybiec); "School Buildings, Programmes and Methods after the Introduction of Compulsory Education in Finland (1921-1939)" (Martii T. Kuikka); "Primary School Architecture and the Retreat from Open-Plan" (Peter Cunningham); "Compulsory Schooling and the Redefinition of English Education" (Roy Lowe);"The Effects of Compulsory Education on School Architecture" (Attila Horvath); "Rapporti tra Igiene e Scuola nella Seconda Meta dell''800 Inizi del '900. L'Igiene Pedagogica" (Maria Teresa Bassa Poropat and Diana De Rose); "L'Estensione dell'Obbligo Scholastico Fino a Quattordici Anni, in Italia, in Rapporto agli Effetti Sui Contenuti e Sui Metodi" (Franco Bochicchio); "Pedagogic Modeling and Criteria for the Construction of Public Schools in Spain at the Beginning of the Century" (Isidoro Gonzalez Gallego); "An Essay in Schooling of Illiterates in Spain (1963-1966)" (Jose Romero Delgado); and "Compulsory Education and Curriculum Expansion in the United States (1880-1940)" (William J. Reese and Ronald D. Cohen). (CJH)