Doing Culture, Doing Race: Everyday Discourses of 'Culture' and 'Cultural Difference' in the English as a Second Language Classroom

While current conceptualisations of the inextricable connection between language and culture in English language education are largely informed by complex sociocultural theories that view culture as constructed in and through social practices among people, classroom practices continue to be influenced by mainstream discourses of culture that simplistically construct essentialised cultural/racialised identities. This article will present data excerpts from a case study of a Canadian university-based English as a second language (ESL) programme that specifically emphasised in its pedagogical and curricular design the significance of learning language through culture and a process of cultural analysis. In various classrooms observed, however, the programme's dialogic approach to culture most often manifested as cross/intercultural comparisons of cultural difference. The potential danger of this pedagogical approach to culture in the ESL classroom, however, arises with a contextualisation of the English language in broader identity politics--namely, the equating of the English language with Whiteness--where discourses of "culture" can become a proxy for "race". Seemingly innocuous everyday common-sense discussions of "culture" in second language education may thus construct identities in problematic ways. It is therefore imperative for us to critically reflect on how our pedagogies may be "doing race" through "doing culture" in the ESL classroom.