Exploring the Inclusion of Anatomical Variation in Medical Education

The role of anatomical variability in safe clinical practice is underappreciated. A lack of familiarity of anatomical variations is at the center of a multitude of medical and surgical errors. The recent rise in litigation due to such errors suggests that patient care may be compromised. This makes the knowledge of anatomical variation essential to medical education. Empirical studies were identified by searching several databases and repositories, and the Medical Education Research Quality Instrument (MERSQI) was used to assess study quality. Eight studies were eligible for this systematic review; three of which were conference abstracts. Thematic summary of these studies yielded six themes namely: (1) "importance of anatomical variation in medical education"; (2) "the ideal time to introduce anatomical variation in medical education"; (3) "important anatomical variations to include in medical education"; (4) "approaches to teaching anatomical variation"; (5) "assessing knowledge on anatomical variation"; (6) "barriers to including anatomical variation in medical education." Including anatomical variations in medical education would improve clinical reasoning and surgical outcomes. Following the completion of this review, three recommendations were made: (1) increasing the emphasis of anatomical variation in medical education; (2) developing more resources for anatomical variation education; (3) investigating the implications of lack of knowledge of anatomical variation in medical education through further research.