Industrial Work Culture Education in Indonesian Vocational High Schools: Teachers' Perceptions and Practices

Industrial work culture education (IWCE) is an important component in creating vocational school graduates who are competent and able to adapt quickly in the workplace. The implementation of IWCE has not been widely studied, so this study aims to describe Indonesian vocational high school teachers' perceptions and practices concerning IWCE. This study is a phenomenological qualitative research with automotive teachers from public and private VHS that have been accredited A in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using interview techniques, analysed using the method presented by Creswell and Poth (2019). Analysis was assisted by "Atlas Ti" software to code, determine themes and relationships between themes, and determine the conclusions of the study. Results show that (1) types of IWC applied in VHS vary and their application is not optimal; (2) teachers have a central role in the educational pattern of IWC in VHS; (3) each school has different strategies for implementing IWCE; and (4) obstacles have been identified in school aspects, regulations, teachers, infrastructure, industry and costs.