An Interplay of Enjoyment, Engagement, and Anxieties: The Characteristics of Upper Secondary School Mathematics Students

Our research aimed to identify factors of motivation and affect to best characterize upper secondary mathematics students and correlations between these factors. This work is based on personas, a tool from user experience research for representing the needs and characteristics of users of a system, developed in prior research. In the present study, we conducted an online questionnaire study with questionnaire scales aligned to the previously developed personas. To identify latent factors in the characterization of upper secondary mathematics students, a factor analysis was conducted and correlations were computed. The findings revealed that the factors "Enjoyment, Concerns & Anxieties," "Performance-related confidence," "Engagement," "Performance orientation," and "Persistence" are essential to describe upper secondary mathematics students and that "Enjoyment, Concerns & Anxieties," "Performance-related confidence," and "Engagement" are highly correlated. We propose that these interdependencies be observed in teacher training as well as in professional development and discuss the implications for the practices of teachers and teacher educators.