Cocktail party problem.

The Cocktail Party Problem Problems Signal processing eponymous Cocktail Party Problem is a source separation problem in digital signal processing, wherein digital systems have difficulty separating out one signal among many—the metaphorical conversation in a noisy cocktail party, which is comparatively easily handled by the human brain. More broadly, distinguishing signal from noise is a data analysis challenge with many specific applications. The metaphor of the cocktail party also lends itself to a number of other problems in combinatorics, graph theory, probability, and functional analysis.