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The present paper discusses the role of gender equality policy in the military. The aim is to find out, paying due attention to unconscious bias, whether or not soldiers enrolled in mandatory initial military service in Lithuania support any stereotypes regarding women, and if so, then what are the stereotypes they adhere to, and what are the stereotypes that women in mandatory initial military service are confronted with. The paper analyses gender equality issues in the following two important contexts: the democratic value of gender equality in military service, and the need and readiness of the military to accommodate different genders. The latter context forms a stark contrast with the former two, especially given the traditional point of view that military service is meant to ensure effective security and defence, rather than the effective implementation of gender equality. The paper analyses how stereotypical attitudes towards women as a gender support the above-mentioned tradition. Based on the results of empirical research, stereotypes have proven to be still maintained by soldiers in the target group. The dominant stereotypical attitude is that active military service may be putting women at greater risk of harassment and sexual abuse. Female soldiers in the target group are confronted with stereotypical attitudes. They link the reasons underlying the overall support of stereotypical thinking to the age of the individuals concerned, their inherited stereotypical attitudes, and their education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of studies confirm that working in care for the elderly is seen as very unattractive, physically and psychologically demanding, badly paid, and lacking in career opportunities. As a result, few people choose to work in this field, and there is a growing shortage of labour in the provision of services for older people. Attracting young individuals to the field is an even greater challenge. The paper analyses the results of interviews with young people who provide care services directly for the elderly. The authors seek answers to the questions, what are the personal characteristics of young people who work with the elderly, what are they looking for, and what do they find in this work? The aim of the article is to highlight positive aspects of caring for the elderly. The results show that young people (the interviewees) construct a discourse of meaningful, inspiring and motivating activities when talking about their work. This image of care presented by young workers is different to the notion of ‘dirty’ work that is often reflected in the public discourse when describing work in care institutions for the elderly. The results of the study confirm that the research participants emphasise the congruence between their care work and their personal values and experiences, and strive for a positive career identity. The use of positive experience can serve to create a more positive image of care work for the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance and novelty of the paper is the fact that the study unveils the expression of positive emotionality in the work environment of health-care professionals, with a view to linking the phenomenon to other relevant social phenomena, such as job satisfaction and self-esteem. The article analyses the concept of positive emotionality, its significance, factors leading to the expression of positive emotionality, its relationship with activities performed with satisfaction, self-awareness and self-esteem, motivation, etc. The research shows that the expression of positive emotionality of health-care professionals increases their job satisfaction, as there is a direct correlation between the two. The expression of positive emotionality also has a beneficial impact on health-care professionals’ self-esteem. The research has verified that maturity, career success and self-esteem increase positive emotionality. Although job satisfaction among health-care professionals is moderate, the direct link between their job satisfaction and motivation shows that the more motivated the employees are, the more satisfied they are with their job, with the opportunity to work in their chosen profession, and with the performance of activities that reflect their abilities, skills and competences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to review the global research on household saving behaviour, to review the scientific literature, and to consider the selection of the optimal research methodology for the thesis ‘Lithuanian Households’ Saving Behaviour for Retirement in an Ageing Society’. The paper reviews the main theoretical perspectives defining household behaviour and the methodological approaches of research conducted in the USA, Germany, Japan, the UK and Scandinavian countries. The traditional approach of economists to the human being in the economy is compared with the theoretical perspective of behavioural economists. The article presents recommendations for the methodology of research in Lithuania, by proposing to analyse the data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey, and, based on the assumptions of behavioural economists, to provide recommendations to help people save more for retirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of the issue of career design for young unemployed people with higher education. The integration of a young individual into the labour market depends on a number of individual, social, and economic factors. Career designing is one of the factors conducive to professional success. Clear goals and specific objectives set for oneself, as well as an optimally planned and flexible system of their implementation, contribute to one’s competitiveness and advantages in the labour market. The paper introduces the results of the survey of young unemployed people with higher education. The survey was carried out, based on the paradigm of positivism and with the application of a quantitative research method, best suited for the investigation of the views of unemployed educated youth on the career design and the identification of the determinants of the phenomenon. As established, young unemployed people were encouraged to design their careers by the constantly changing economic situation, the social status, and the opportunities of lifelong learning. The career designing of educated young people was positively affected by their individual characteristics, such as responsibility, proactiveness, inquisitiveness, etc., as well as the ability to design and manage one’s career. Career designing was impeded by the lack of personal characteristics required by the chosen profession, the overestimation of one’s abilities, the absence of the practical professional knowledge and skills, and the ignorance of the trends of the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirituality is a basic human drive with diverse forms of expression that make for unique patterns of thinking consonant with an advanced level of cognition and integration of information. The paper features the Humanistic Spirituality Model, which captures the essential dimensions of humanistic spirituality through three components: self-actualisation, transcendence and ultimate meaning in life. The Humanistic Spirituality Inventory (HSI), a measure of spirituality developed on the basis of the Humanistic Spirituality Model, contains three scales corresponding to the three model components. According to the results of the HSI validation study (N = 331), the instrument has good psychometric properties, i.e. adequate content and construct validity as well as satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities, which makes it a proper spirituality research measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with a new Regulation No. 1215/2012, having come into force on 10 January 2015, on jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters. Since the rules on those matters were included in the previous Regulation at the EU level, the article reveals the proposals made for its amendment, as well as the accepted proposals. It also attempts to evaluate whether the new rules that came into force shall guarantee the effective recognition and enforcement of judgements. The paper identifies the problems which shall not be solved by the newly adopted rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the article - to review features of psychological counseling at Aleksandras Stulginskis University (ASU) and possibilities to apply extensive scale of preventive measures within University. Student mental health is a concern of the whole university community. The paper presents the specific cases and features, according to which the faculty administration should direct the student to a career center (CC) psychologist. The paper gives specific recommendations on how to improve collaboration within the University in order to take care of students' mental health. The article presents the student's "XY" case study that illustrates the lack of communication and co-operation within the University. The paper discusses the need to change universities applying procedure in order to assess the student's mental health to avoid serious problems in studying process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of financial stability as a research object increased substantially after last global financial crisis. Financial stability is rather new and complex research object, therefore important part of its research is financial stability measurement methods. In this paper it is intended to indentify most important and widely accepted financial stability measurement methods. In the beginning definition of financial stability is presented. After that, measurement methods developed by most important organizations in the field of financial stability are reviewed. First, International Monetary Fund’s financial soundness indicators are discussed, next European Central Bank’s macro-prudential indicators are review, at the end both lists are compared. In order to perform through financial stability analysis it is recommended to compbine both lists. In the last part, attemps to construct aggregated financial stability index are discussed. Reviewed cases are only local and do not have international recognition, basically because financial stability is to complex to be measured by one indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the right healthcare and quality at the big multiprofile university hospital are analyzed in the context of patients’ satisfaction and realization their expectations. This paper analyzes impact of individual, institutional, and sociodemographic characteristics on healthcare evaluation and patients behavior. The survey was performed from 2004 to 2015 in Klaipėda University Hospital via questionnaires. The study was showed the majority (93.8%) of patients was satisfied of health care services and results of the largest part (83.8%) fallows their expectations. The conclusion are correspond the results of the study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the changes of the property crime (theft) dynamics and location in Klaipeda city during 1990-2015 years assessing the expression of this phenomenon in the context of changing society. Using theories of the Chicago School of sociology (R. Park and E. Burgess C. Show, H. M. McKay) and the critical insights of its interpretations (E. Sutherland L. Cohen, M. Fels et al.) that allow to us to understand the phenomenon of crime not only in the wide geographic space, but also in the localized environment. The authors present an analysis of territorial clusters (neighborhoods) where phenomenon of theft in Klaipėda is the most located. Assessing geographical, social, economic development of the city regions the authors disclosed the “hottest” points of city in which were recorded this offense. Assessing the considering the geographical, social, economic development of city regions were disclosed the “hottest” city points, where are recorded this offense. Dynamics of this process analyzes in the frame of selected four (1990-1994; 1995-1999; 2000-2004; 2005-2009) periods. The authors, based on forecasts of Lithuanian criminologists about crime trends in Lithuania until 2015, presents their own scientific insights and assessments, which may be useful in developing strategies for the prevention of theft in Klaipėda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper develops the insights laid out in the chapter The Trauma of Nation’s De-localisation in the book Dramaturgy of National Identity (2005). In the contemporary world, delocalisation of nations is unavoidable and, in that sense, it represents a natural process of civilisation which reproduces national identity in a transnational form both in the country of emigration and of origin. However, for the nations with an incomplete story of territorial consolidation, the opening up to supra-nationalisation, emigration, and globalisation in general was unexpected and seemed infinite and destructive for the nation. The Lithuanian nation was affected by delocalisation, among other things, primarily by especially large-scale emigration. The nation is losing the feeling of integrity. Just 25 years ago, the ideal of the localisation of the nation - its concentration on a sovereign territory - prevailed. Global life economization, European supra-nationalization, and the failure to successfully complete the postcommunist transformation dealt a blow to the national ideal that actualised “one’s own state”. The “breaking up” of the nation was so unexpected that even nationalism did not actualise ethnocentrism. It was expected to be just temporary costs of post-communist transformation. However, presently, we have increasingly more arguments to prove that the post-communist transitional period has expired, therefore, the current trends have long-term prospects. The de-localization of the Lithuanian nation takes place not really as a natural process of civilisation, but rather as a response to the mainly unsuccessful end of post-communism in Lithuania. The situation is to be characterised by the metaphor of trauma. Trauma is experienced at unexpected “discovery” of one’s own ethno-social disability (the term by R. Grigas) when one clings onto the traditional ethnocentric ideal of the nation and is unable to evaluate and project the delocalisation of the nation as a natural process of civilisation. The trauma implies the threat of a break in the building of national identity and the decline of the nation. For the Lithuaniannism to survive, it is necessary to “incorporate” a perspective of the network of its agents, open to transnationalism and stretching all over the world, into the content of the nation. KEY WORDS: Lithuanian nation, nationalism, the end of post-communism, “one’s own state”, delocalisation of a nation, transnational networking agent of Lithuaniannism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the currently rather intensive process of the social work professionalisation and proposes to place a greater emphasis on the human dimension, i.e. social worker's personality as a guarantee of professional success. The occupational burnout syndrome is discussed as a negative subjective circumstance of the profession of social work. The principal traits of the occupational burnout syndrome are revealed, and the dimensions of the occupational burnout syndrome are identified and characterised. On the basis of the works of Lithuanian and foreign researchers on the said subject, the discourse of the occupational burnout syndrome in social work is presented, and the factors that influence the emergence of the phenomenon (both individual and job-related / organisational) in professional activity are discussed. The empirical research by means of the so far the most popular Maslach's Burnout Inventory (MBI) reveals the effects of the occupational burnout on social worker's personality, practical activity, and the status of the profession of social work in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

125 years ago, the mission of the Lithuanian literary, political, and scientific newspaper Varpas (The Bell) published under the Czarist occupation was to interpret the issues of the national life, to raise the nation's spirit, and to awaken and strengthen the national self-consciousness. Among other issues, the publishers devoted great attention to a fundamental human need, i.e. the maintenance of identity and its relationship to faith (Catholicism). Religion and language were interpreted as closely related phenomena and as the nation's values of utmost significance for the maintenance of the national identity. Religion, language, and customs were so closely related that the destruction of one could undermine the fundaments of the other elements. People who had learnt their native language from their mothers, and later had disowned it, could have also questioned another legacy of the mother, i.e. faith. As demonstrated in the paper, the henchmen of the czarist government tended to simultaneously destroy both Catholicism and Lithuanianness in different ways, especially during the reign of Mikhail Muravjov. The authors of Varpas considered the Orthodox church to be the main factor of Lithuanians' assimilation which tried to attract Lithuanians in different ways; another important factor of influence was school which taught children different subjects, even religious studies, in a non-native language. In the implementation of that kind of Muravjov's strategy, some clergy collaborated with the invaders [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the analysis of the results of qualitative research about large families' social, economical situation and possibilities of support in the community. There were 14 respondents of large family members. All families of respondents consist of both parents and three or more children. Respondents answered to open questions. This paper presents research participants' opinion about the economic situation of large families, family members' economic migration problems and opportunities of community support for these families. It was found that large family experience finances' limits and it causes the migration. The activity in community enlarge and it enable support for large families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the spatial distribution of graffiti in Klaipėda city. The main focus is concentrated on causes and spatial distribution of graffiti, similarities and differences between graffiti drawings in Klaipėda city. The analysis of graffiti drawings spatial distribution in Klaipėda city is based on few area researches. In this work all graffiti drawings are grouped into 5 graffiti style groups and are studied their spatial distribution. Different styles of graffiti drawings reveal not only drawers artistic skills, but also their motives and goals. In the end of the work, based on examples of foreign countries, suggestions about the possibilities of the usage of graffiti drawings in Klaipėda city are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses different styles of leadership of the social work that have been empirically reconstructed and conceptualized. The consequences of such leadership styles for the professional activity of the social workers are analysed not only regarding the clients but also in the context of empowerment of the workers. Considerations are made concerning the influence of social work to the identity and the distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the research presented in this paper - to characterize effective mentoring in the context of nursing studies. Modified evolutionary concept analysis method, that includes theoretical and empirical analysis of the concept, was used to achieve this goal. The group discussion method was employed to conduct the empirical research. Three groups of discussion composed from the 7 members of nursing faculty and 18 nursing students were created to collect data. The research has revealed concept of the effective mentoring in the context of nursing studies. The performed concept analysis lets state that the effective mentoring of nursing student is a complex process, because it includes integration of individual needs and curriculum objectives, highlights importance of relationship, mentor's pedagogical knowledge, personal qualities, self-motivation, professional competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]