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Graphical abstract Highlights • Liposomal drug delivery systems have shown good encapsulation efficiency for curcumin. • Liposomal curcumin ideally overcomes the low solubility issues with natural curcumin. • Liposomal curcumin provides extended release providing improved patient compliance. • The curcumin liposomes showed suppression of important pro-inflammatory markers. • Molecular modelling data reveals the formation of liposomal structure. Abstract Curcumin a component of turmeric, which is derived from Curcuma longa is used as a colouring agent and as a dietary spice for centuries. Extensive studies have been done on the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin along with its molecular mechanism involving different signalling pathways. However, the physicochemical and biological properties such as poor solubility and rapid metabolism of curcumin have led to low bioavailability and hence limits its application. Current therapies for asthma such as bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are aimed at controlling disease symptoms and prevent asthma exacerbation. However, this approach requires lifetime therapy and is associated with a constellation of side effects. This creates a clear unmet medical need and there is an urgent demand for new and more-effective treatments. The present study is aimed to formulate liposomes containing curcumin and evaluate for its anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on BCi-NS1.1 cell line. Curcumin and salbutamol liposomes were formulated using lipid hydration method. The prepared liposomes were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro release profile. The liposomes were tested on BCI-NS1.1 cell line to evaluate its anti-inflammatory properties. The various pro-inflammatory markers studied were Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a). Additionally, molecular mechanics simulations were used to elucidate the positioning, energy minimization, and aqueous dispersion of the liposomal architecture involving lecithin and curcumin. The prepared curcumin formulation showed an average size and zeta potential of 271.3 ± 3.06 nm and −61.0 mV, respectively. The drug encapsulation efficiency of liposomal curcumin is 81.1%. Both curcumin-loaded liposomes formulation (1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL) resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the level of pro-inflammatory marker expression such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-a compared to positive control group. Liposomal curcumin with the dose of 1 μg/mL reduced the inflammatory markers more effectively compared to that of 5 μg/mL. Liposomal curcumin could be a promising intervention for asthma therapy showing their efficacy in suppressing the important pro-inflammatory markers involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Surfaces of amphiphilic phosphorylcholine polymer (PC1036) prepared by spin-coating were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry, water contact angle and atomic force microscopy. The antifouling properties of the PC1036 films to marine benthic diatom Nitzschia closterium MMDL533 were also investigated. The results showed that the dry PC1036 film promoted the adhesion of N. closterium MMDL533 because the hydrophobic lauryl groups were present in the film surface. The 2h-swelled PC1036 films had excellent anti-fouling properties with extremely low attachment densities and retention densities no matter what the annealing temperature was. The thickness of the coated films lower than 147Å had a profound effect on the film anti-fouling properties. Otherwise, when the film thickness was higher than that value, there was no more improvement of diatom cell reduction observed. The annealing temperature had only a little effect on the film resistant to diatom adhesion, which might be attributed to two factors including the PC group packing densities in the outer PC layer and the equilibrated water volume fraction in the 2h-swelled PC1036 films. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Graphical abstract Highlights • We have developed a kind of order collagen-bFGF-CCS scaffold with good biocompatibility. • The scaffold can effectively promote the growth of TC-1 and Beas-2B cells. • The scaffold has a slight rejection in SD rats, which will provide a good application prospect for lung tissue engineering. Abstract Lung is one of important organs and lung diseases seriously affect the health of human beings. In this study, chitosan and gelatin as natural biological macromolecules raw material for the synthesis of ordered colloidal crystal scaffolds (CCS), Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used as pore-making for the first time. The pore-making agent were added into the hydrogels to synthesis the ordered (magnetic field) and disordered (no magnetic field) CCS. Collagen and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) modified on the surface of CCS. Then mouse lung epithelial cells (TC-1) and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) were cultured on the scaffold, obviously induced cell proliferation. Various physical and chemical characteristics indicate that the preparation of scaffolds and modified growth factors can greatly promote the proliferation of these two cells. In addition, the scafolld was implanted into the SD rat in vivo , and routine blood tests showed that the stent had a small inflammatory response to the rat. This may be one of the effective strategies for the future treatment of lung injury repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with gradient surface free energies were prepared by surface grafting of a binary mixture of methyl and vinyl terminated trimethoxysilanes on hydrophilic glass slides followed by in situ oxidation of vinyl groups into carboxyl groups. Characterized by contact angles, the SAMs combined with freshly cleaned glass slides bearing hydroxyl groups were used to study the adhesion behavior of marine benthic diatom Nitzschia closterium MMDL533. The attachment densities were much higher on hydrophobic CH3-SAMs and lower on mixed SAMs with surface free energy of 40.1–50.4mJ/m2. More gregarious adhesion had been found on hydrophobic CH3-SAMs. The percentage removal was in a narrow range of 63–80% on the engineered surfaces and was much lower with a value of 54% on the hydrophilic slides. Our studies have revealed some subtle but interesting differences in attachment and adhesion from the features reported for these benthic species, indicating the possible links to different diatom species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, we developed a pro-endothelial-functionalization surface by immobilizing a natural factors-loaded nanoparticle, exosome, onto the poly-dopamine (PDA) coated materials via electrostatic binding. • A novel PDA/Exosome coating was successfully prepared onto the cardiovascular biomaterial. • The PDA/Exosome coating could enhance the endothelial cell growth, CD31 expression and NO release. • The PDA/Exosome coating could regulate SMC into contractile phenotype and macrophage into M2 phenotype. • The PDA/Exosome coating could reduce hyperplasia of the implant. • The PDA/Exosome coating regulated the endothelial cell behavior by entering into cells. Stent intervention as available method in clinic has been widely applied for cardiovascular disease treatment for decades. However, the restenosis caused by late thrombosis and hyperplasia still limits the stents long-term application, and the essential cause is usually recognized as endothelial functionalization insufficiency of the stent material surface. Here, we address this limitation by developing a pro-endothelial-functionalization surface that immobilized a natural factors-loaded nanoparticle, exosome, onto the poly-dopamine (PDA) coated materials via electrostatic binding. This PDA/Exosome surface not only increased the endothelial cells number on the materials, but also improved their endothelial function, including platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) expression, cell migration and nitric oxide release. The pro-inflammation macrophage (M1 phenotype) attachment and synthetic smooth muscle cell proliferation as the interference factors for the endothelialization were not only inhibited by the PDA/Exosome coating, while the cells were also regulated to anti-inflammation macrophage (M2 phenotype) and contractile smooth muscle cell, which may contribute to endothelialization. Thus, it can be summarized this method has potential application on surface modification of cardiovascular biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]