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This paper studies the complexity analysis in production between competition and R&D for a traditional energy vehicles enterprise and a new energy vehicles enterprise under the introduction of corporate average fuel consumption credits and new energy vehicle credits mandate. From the internal perspective of market complexity evolution, this paper analyzes the internal mechanism of market competition fluctuation and discusses the influence of different corresponding speeds of enterprises on market stability through the nonlinear dynamics' theory. The research results show that the adjustment coefficient of R&D investment and the price coefficient of credit transactions are the key factors affecting the competitive strategies of the two companies. The difference between these two factors will even change the relative R&D investment intensity, relative profitability, and market stability of the two companies in a balanced state. In addition, the numerical analysis showed that the time-delay feedback control method could control the unstable behavior of the dynamic system efficiently and quickly and make the market quickly recover a stable and orderly state, which provided a scientific basis for decision makers to effectively solve the market instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies Lyapunov stability at a point and its application in the Cournot duopoly game. We first explore the relationship between Lyapunov stability at a point, nonsensitivity and non-Devaney chaos and find that a dynamical system is nonsensitive and non-Devaney chaotic if there is a point in this system such that it is Lyapunov stable at that point. We next prove a group of equivalent characterizations of Lyapunov stability at a point to deduce the composite theorems and product theorems of Lyapunov stability at a point, and then we prove three equivalent characterizations of the Cournot duopoly system to demonstrate that this system is Lyapunov stable at its unique nonzero fixed point (Cournot equilibrium point) when the unit costs of the Cournot double oligarchies satisfy certain conditions. Therefore, we conclude that the Cournot duopoly system is safe relative to both sensitivity and Devaney chaos. The robustness of our results are also verified by conducting numerical simulations in the Cournot duopoly game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the current paper is to study the phase portraits and bounded and singular traveling wave solution of the stochastic nonlinear Biswas–Arshed equation by using the "three-step method" of Professor Li's method together with the phase orbit of planar dynamical system. Firstly, by employing the traveling wave transformation, the stochastic nonlinear Biswas–Arshed equation is simplified into deterministic nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Secondly, phase portraits of the stochastic nonlinear Biswas–Arshed equation are plotted by analyzing the planar dynamic system of the nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Finally, the bounded and singular traveling wave solutions of the stochastic nonlinear Biswas–Arshed equation are constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the dynamic characteristics of an economic cobweb model whose producers adopt a gradient-based mechanism. The model's producers are taken to be boundedly rational, and then the model is studied as a 1D and 2D discrete time dynamical system. Due to the lack of information in the market regarding the function of demand, the producers depend on the estimation of the marginal profit variations so as to update their prices next period. The equilibrium price point is calculated, and its local stability conditions are discussed through analytical and numerical investigations. In the 2D model, where the memory factor is introduced, the equilibrium price is obtained, and it is shown that it can be destabilized through chaotic behaviors, which are formed due to period doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Furthermore, we study the symmetric case when the producers update their prices based on the marginal profit in the past two time periods, and therefore, we investigate the influence of the speed of adjustment parameter on the stability of equilibrium price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, this paper optimizes the supply chain of agricultural products based on dynamic system. In the complex supply chain of agricultural products, they are scattered upstream and downstream. It is difficult to form agglomeration scale effect, information asymmetry between supply chain nodes, and poor hardware environment of supply chain. Logistics operation is difficult. By analyzing the supply chain of agricultural products, optimize the supply chain by using the push-pull supply chain. According to the change of market demand, the push mode and the pull mode are properly allocated and the government's attention to the supply chain is increased, intentionally the Internet is combined with the supply chain, the stability of the supply chain is increased, and there is a certain adaptability to market demand fluctuations. Problems can be fed back to the suppliers and final buyers of agricultural products in time, and the delivery rate of the whole supply chain should be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For researching the internal structure characteristics and its three subsystems' evolution of the wetland ecological-economic-social composite system and getting the point that makes wetland ecology, production, and living synergistically develop, in this paper, the coevolution model of wetland complex system based on fractional order dynamic system was established, the genetic algorithm was used to solve the model parameters, and the equilibrium stability of the model was tested by using asymmetric fractional order equilibrium condition. The data of 29 provinces, cities, and districts in China were selected for empirical research, and suggestions for improvement were put forward. The results show that there is a significant nonlinear relationship among the three subsystems, and the stability points exist and change dynamically. This shows that, in practice, only when the local government issues relevant policies, can we achieve the benign coupling and coordinated development of the wetland ecological-economic-social system and achieve the harmonious development of human and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose in this paper an investigation of the dynamical behaviors of a duopoly model with two Internet services providers (ISPs). The competition between them is assumed to take place in terms of their pricing decisions and their number of cached items. According to the ISPs' rationality level, we consider a scenario where both ISPs are bounded rational. Each ISP in any period uses the marginal profit observed from the previous period to choose its strategies. We compute explicitly the steady states of the dynamic system induced by bounded rationality and establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of its Nash equilibrium (NE). Numerical simulations show that if some parameters of the model are varied, the stability of the NE point is lost and the complex (periodic or chaotic) behavior occurs. The chaotic behavior of the system is stabilized on the NE point by applying control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the supply and demand of commodities are out of equilibrium, the dynamic changes in supply and demand are mainly manifested in the dynamic fluctuation of commodity prices and the change of price will drive the change of supply and demand. This paper proposes a method for constructing a three-dimensional cobweb economic model using the "predator-prey" theory. Firstly, based on the intrinsic driving relationships among supply, price, and demand, a differential dynamic model of the commodity and a pulse differential model when productivity increases are established. Secondly, the differential dynamics theory is used to analyze the existence of the model's positive equilibrium and to prove its global asymptotic stability, uniform boundedness, persistence, and existence of the periodic solution. Finally, the correctness of the conclusions of the model is verified by numerical simulation. The relevant conclusions of model (1) reveal the evolution laws of supply, price, and demand that fluctuate around the positive equilibrium and tend to balance. Model (32) reveals that with the continuous improvement of production technology, supply quantity, price, and demand will fluctuate, but all three will change periodically. These conclusions can provide valuable help for people in the production, sale, and purchase of goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly studies the bifurcation and single traveling wave solutions of the variable-coefficient Davey–Stewartson system. By employing the traveling wave transformation, the variable-coefficient Davey–Stewartson system is reduced to two-dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential equations. On the one hand, we use the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to draw the phase diagram of the variable-coefficient Davey–Stewartson system. On the other hand, we use the polynomial complete discriminant method to obtain the exact traveling wave solution of the variable-coefficient Davey–Stewartson system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the bifurcation, phase portraits, traveling wave solutions, and stability analysis of the fractional generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equations are investigated by utilizing the bifurcation theory. Firstly, the fractional generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equations are transformed into two-dimensional Hamiltonian system by traveling wave transformation and the bifurcation theory. Then, the traveling wave solutions of the fractional generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equations corresponding to phase orbits are easily obtained by applying the method of planar dynamical systems; these solutions include not only the bell solitary wave solutions, kink solitary wave solutions, anti-kink solitary wave solutions, and periodic wave solutions but also Jacobian elliptic function solutions. Finally, the stability criteria of the generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the chaos of discrete dynamical systems. A new concept of heteroclinic cycles connecting expanding periodic points is raised, and by a novel method, we prove an invariant subsystem is topologically conjugate to the one-side symbolic system. Thus, heteroclinic cycles imply chaos in the sense of Devaney. In addition, if a continuous differential map h has heteroclinic cycles in ℝ n , then g has heteroclinic cycles with h − g C 1 being sufficiently small. The results demonstrate C 1 structural stability of heteroclinic cycles. In the end, two examples are given to illustrate our theoretical results and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, based on chaos theory and dynamic system simulation, a dynamic model of a relational leadership system with pressure factors is established and simulated. The study found that the excessive self-leadership and the relational leadership cannot effectively improve the leadership effectiveness of leaders. In addition, with the adjustment of the self-leadership adjustment coefficient, leadership effectiveness will change from a stable state to a chaotic state. Only by adopting limited rational decision-making strategies in multicycle decision-making can leaders maintain a high level of leadership effectiveness. Previous research mainly focuses on the theoretical analysis of the complexity of the leadership system or the issuance of questionnaires, but seldom on the dynamic complex process of the leadership system. This study reveals the complexity and chaos characteristics of the dynamic evolution of the multifactor relational leadership system, puts forward the relational leadership theory and the complex leadership theory under the influence of pressure, and makes some suggestions on how to improve the leadership effectiveness under the complex environment. The research results are of great significance to theoretical innovation and practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the complex dynamical behaviors in a discrete neural network loop with self-feedback are studied. Specifically, an invariant closed set of the system of neural network loops is built and the subsystem restricted on this invariant closed set is topologically conjugate to a two-sided symbolic dynamical system which has two symbols. In the end, some illustrative numerical examples are given to demonstrate our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a hybrid network model of delayed predator-prey Gompertz systems with impulsive diffusion between two patches, in which the patches represent nodes of the network such that the prey population interacts locally in each patch and diffusion occurs along the edges connecting the nodes. Using the discrete dynamical system determined by the stroboscopic map which has a globally stable positive fixed point, we obtain the global attractive condition of predator-extinction periodic solution for the network system. Furthermore, by employing the theory of delay functional and impulsive differential equation, we obtain sufficient condition with time delay for the permanence of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at the dynamic properties of the proposed globally planned economic systems named after CPE proposed by Loo-Keng Hua who is one of the worldwide famous Chinese mathematicians. First, we give new existence conditions of growth balanced solution to the model. Second, we lead into the concept of stability for balanced output and carry out a theorem that deals with some equivalent conditions for judging a solution of output starting from the fact that any initial input can whether approach the existing balanced solution or not. Third, a new dynamic price system related to interest factors is proposed here and it is demonstrated that the new price equation is a much generalized one in comparison with the original price one which is only a special case of this new price equation. Also, relationships of the balanced solutions between the price and the output equation are investigated and the stability analysis is studied as well for the new price system. Finally, two examples are employed to illustrate the technical operation of input-output method and some new contributions of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the original manufacturing industry, upstream encroachment has become a universal commercial phenomenon. This paper considers a coopetition supply chain consisting of an upstream original design manufacturer (ODM) and a downstream original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and proposes a dynamic Cournot game under bounded rationality. To cope with a dynamic repeated game in discrete time, a gradient adjustment mechanism is adopted. Furthermore, bifurcation diagram, largest Lyapunov exponent, basin of attraction, and critical curve are introduced to investigate the dynamic behavior of this game. The results obtained show that as the firms' policy adjustment speeds increase, the stability region of the dynamic system gradually narrows, but one special finding is that the complex behavior of the dynamic system is alleviated as the OEM's adjustment speed greatly increases. Moreover, when the difference between the two firms' adjustment speeds is relatively small, the dynamic adjustment strategy is beneficial to the coopetition supply chain and both firms under certain adjustment speeds, as compared to a one-shot game. In addition, a higher product substitutability has a positive impact on the system stability, pushing the "cooperation" business alliance towards a more coordinated outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Price competition has become a universal commercial phenomenon nowadays. This paper considers a dynamic Bertrand price game model, in which enterprises have heterogeneous expectations. By the stability theory of the dynamic behavior of the Bertrand price game model, the instability of the boundary equilibrium point and the stability condition of the internal equilibrium point are obtained. Furthermore, bifurcation diagram, basin of attraction, and critical curve are introduced to investigate the dynamic behavior of this game. Numerical analysis shows that the change of model parameters in a dynamic system has a significant impact on the stability of the system and can even lead to complex dynamic behaviors in the evolution of the entire economic system. This kind of complex dynamic behavior will cause certain damage to the stability of the whole economic system, causing the market to fall into a chaotic state, which is manifested as a kind of market disorder competition, which is very unfavorable to the stability of the economic system. Therefore, the chaotic behavior of the dynamical system is controlled by time-delay feedback control and the numerical analysis shows that the effective control of the dynamical system can be unstable behavior and the rapid recovery of the market can be stable and orderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, based on the dynamical system method, we obtain the exact parametric expressions of the travelling wave solutions of the Wu–Zhang system. Our approach is much different from the existing literature studies on the Wu–Zhang system. Moreover, we also study the fractional derivative of the Wu–Zhang system. Finally, by comparison between the integer-order Wu–Zhang system and the fractional-order Wu–Zhang system, we see that the phase portrait, nonzero equilibrium points, and the corresponding exact travelling wave solutions all depend on the derivative order α. Phase portraits and simulations are given to show the validity of the obtained solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a predator-prey system with mutual interference and distributed time delay and study its dynamical behavior. Based on the existence and universality of mutual interference among species, it is necessary to further study an impulsive food web system. By using stability theory, slight perturbation technique, and comparison theorem, we obtain some theoretical results of the system, such as boundedness and permanence. Moreover, numerical experiments are used to verify the theoretical results and to explore the dynamical behavior of the system, which exhibits rich dynamical behavior such as chaotic oscillation, periodic oscillation, symmetry-breaking bifurcations, chaotic crises, and period bifurcation. Finally, we give some practical guidelines for biological systems based on the theoretical results and numerical experiments of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new Cournot duopoly game and gives an applied study for price discrimination in a market by dynamic methods. One of two oligopolies has two different prices for a homogeneous product, while the other charges one kind of price. It is found that there is only one stable equilibrium for the discrete dynamic system, and a corresponding stable condition is given. Using a discriminative price is not always beneficial to a firm in equilibrium. If both oligopolies carry out price discrimination, the market's average price is lower than when only one oligopoly does it. The results are verified by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a chemostat model of competition between plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free organism with the impulsive state feedback control. The sufficient condition for existence of the positive period-1 solution is obtained by means of successor function and the qualitative properties of the corresponding continuous system. We show that the impulsive control system is more effective than the corresponding continuous system if we choose a suitable threshold value of the state feedback control in the process of manufacturing the desired products through genetically modified techniques. Furthermore, a new method of proving the stability of the order-1 periodic solution is given based on the theory of the limit cycle of the continuous dynamical system. Finally, mathematical results are justified by some numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To satisfy the demand of congestion problem solving in intersections, this paper studies the method of automation countermeasure system for intersection optimization (ACSIO). Taking into account the extensive contents and objectives of intersection optimization, this paper puts forward the functions and architecture of ACSIO based on intersection optimization problem statement. Seeking optimal design of intersection channelization and signal control, the main goal of ACSIO is to achieve dynamic and coordination management of intersection. The problem is formulated as a multiobjective program, with each objective corresponding to a different player in the system. Moreover, it presents system design of ACSIO. A case study based on a real-world intersection is implemented to test the efficiency and applicability of the proposed modeling and computing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since decision makers’ bounded rationality would impact supply chain performance, it is necessary to explore how the individual decisions work in the supply chain. This paper investigates bullwhip effect variation and service level tendency while the decisions are made by different decision makers. Based on the existing study results, the paper establishes a system dynamics model of supply chain conforming to modern supply chain characters. In the model, two adjustment parameters are adopted to describe individual differences in decision makers. The simulation result demonstrates that the behavioral adjustment with different extent results in different supply chain performance. The impact of two parameters is very different. The decision makers should try to avoid the overadjustment to the scarcity of supply from their upstream member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate a relative rotation system with backlash and dry friction. Firstly, the corresponding nonsmooth characters are discussed by the differential inclusion theory, and the analytic conditions for stick and nonstick motions are developed to understand the motion switching mechanism. Based on such analytic conditions of motion switching, the influence of the maximal static friction torque and the driving torque on the stick motion is studied. Moreover, the sliding time bifurcation diagrams, duty cycle figures, time history diagrams, and the K-function time history diagram are also presented, which confirm the analytic results. The methodology presented in this paper can be applied to predictions of motions in nonsmooth dynamical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple dynamic systems representing time varying states of interconnected neurons may exhibit extremely complex behaviors when bifurcation parameters are switched from one set of values to another. In this paper, motivated by simulation results, we examine the steady states of one such system with bang-bang control and two real parameters. We found that nonnegative and negative periodic states are of special interests since these states are solutions of linear nonhomogeneous three-term recurrence relations. Although the standard approach to analyse such recurrence relations is the method of finding the general solutions by means of variation of parameters, we find novel alternate geometric methods that offer the tracking of solution trajectories in the plane. By means of this geometric approach, we are then able, without much tedious computation, to completely characterize the nonnegative and negative periodic solutions in terms of the bifurcation parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing a Poincaré map is a method that is often used to study high-dimensional dynamical systems. In this paper, a geometric model of nonoriented Lorenz-type attractor is studied using this method, and its dynamical property is described. The topological entropy of one-dimensional nonoriented Lorenz-type maps is also computed in terms of their kneading sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to highlight current developments and new trends in the stability theory. Due to the outstanding role played in the study of stable, instable, and, respectively, central manifolds, the properties of exponential dichotomy and trichotomy for evolution equations represent two domains of the stability theory with an impressive development. Hence, we intend to construct a framework for an asymptotic approach of these properties for discrete dynamical systems using the associated skew-evolution semiflows. To this aim, we give definitions and characterizations for the properties of exponential stability and instability, and we extend these techniques to obtain a unified study of the properties of exponential dichotomy and trichotomy. The results are underlined by several examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the possible application of recurrence quantification analysis in the detection of abrupt change of the dynamic structure of the climate system. It is discovered in the recurrence quantification analysis of the typical chaotic system-logistic model that the method may well distinguish the state of logistic model with different parameters, demonstrating its potential value in identifying the dynamic change of the system. When recurrence quantification analysis is later applied to the detection of abrupt change of average daily precipitation of all regions in China, the result indicates that the abrupt change of the dynamic structure corresponding to the precipitation of China in recent 50 years occurred in the late 1970s and the early 1980s. It is in agreement with the Chinese commonly recognized years of abruption; therefore the effectiveness is further demonstrated regarding the recognition of complexity of dynamical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the pinning controllability of directed complex delayed dynamical networks by using periodic intermittent control scheme. The general and low-dimensional pinning synchronization criteria are derived to illustrate the design of periodic intermittent control scheme. According to our low-dimensional pinning criterion, especially, the constraint condition of coupling strength is obtained when the network structure and amounts of pinned nodes are fixed. An algorithm is presented to determine the amounts of periodically intermittent controllers and locate these intermittent controllers in a directed network, in which the significance of nodes out- (in-) degree in pinning control of complex network is also illustrated. Finally, a directed network consisting of 12 coupled delayed Chua oscillators is designed as numerical example to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly investigates the dynamical behaviors of a chaotic system without ilnikov orbits by the normal form theory. Both the stability of the equilibria and the existence of local Hopf bifurcation are proved in view of analyzing the associated characteristic equation. Meanwhile, the direction and the period of bifurcating periodic solutions are determined. Regarding the delay as a parameter, we discuss the effect of time delay on the dynamics of chaotic system with delayed feedback control. Finally, numerical simulations indicate that chaotic oscillation is converted into a steady state when the delay passes through a certain critical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of a discrete-time hyperchaotic system and the amplitude control of Hopf bifurcation for a stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system are investigated in this paper. Numerical simulations are presented to exhibit the complex dynamical behaviors in the discrete-time hyperchaotic system. Furthermore, the stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system with random parameters is transformed into its equivalent deterministic system with the orthogonal polynomial theory of discrete random function. In addition, the dynamical features of the discrete-time hyperchaotic system with random disturbances are obtained through its equivalent deterministic system. By using the Hopf bifurcation conditions of the deterministic discrete-time system, the specific conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation in the equivalent deterministic system are derived. And the amplitude control with random intensity is discussed in detail. Finally, the feasibility of the control method is demonstrated by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the random vibration and the dynamic reliability of operation stability of train moving over slab track on bridge under track irregularities and earthquakes by the pseudoexcitation method (PEM). Each vehicle is modeled by multibody dynamics. The track and bridge is simulated by a rail-slab-girder-pier interaction finite element model. The coupling equations of motion are established based on the wheel-rail interaction relationship. The random excitations of the track irregularities and seismic accelerations are transformed into a series of deterministic pseudoexcitations by PEM. The time-dependent power spectral densities (PSDs) of the random vibration of the system are obtained by step-by-step integration method, and the corresponding dynamic reliability is estimated based on the first-passage failure criterion. A case study is then presented in which a high-speed train moves over a slab track resting on a simply supported girder bridge. The PSD characteristics of the random vibration of the bridge and train are analyzed, the influence of the wheel-rail-bridge interaction models on the random vibration of the bridge and train is discussed, and furthermore the influence of train speed, earthquake intensity, and pier height on the dynamic reliability of train operation stability is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional DEA models make no hypothesis concerning the internal operations in a static situation. To open the “black box” and work with dynamic assessment issues synchronously, we put forward a hybrid model for evaluating the relative efficiencies of a set of DMUs over an observed time period with a composite of network DEA and dynamic DEA. We vertically deal with intermediate products between divisions with assignable inputs in the network structure and, horizontally, we extend network structure by means of a dynamic pattern with unrelated activities between two succeeding periods. The hybrid dynamic network DEA model proposed in this paper enables us to (i) pry into the internal operations of DEA by another network structure, (ii) obtain dynamic change of period efficiency, and (iii) gain the overall dynamic efficiency of DMUs over the entire observed periods. We finally illustrate the calculation procedure of the proposed approach by a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the adaptive cluster synchronization in the complex networks with different orders. By means of Lyapunov stability theory and the adaptive control technique, a novel adaptive synchronization controller is developed. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed method, the examples for the synchronization of systems with the chaotic and hyperchaotic node dynamics are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the boundedness, persistence, and global asymptotic stability of positive solution for a system of third-order rational difference equations xn+1=A+xn/yn-1yn-2, yn+1=A+yn/xn-1xn-2, n=0,1,…, where A∈(0,∞), x-i∈(0,∞); y-i∈(0,∞), i=0,1,2. Some examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes a linear two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model to calculate the nominal value of the vehicle’s nondrive-wheel speed difference and investigates methods of estimating the yaw acceleration and sideslip angular speed. A vehicular dynamic stability control system utilizing this nondrive-wheel speed difference is then developed, which can effectively improve a vehicle’s dynamic stability at a very low cost. Vehicle cornering processes on roads of different frictions and with different vehicle speeds are explored via simulation, with speed control being applied when vehicle speed is high enough to make the vehicle unstable. Driving simulator tests of vehicle cornering capacity on roads of different friction coefficients are also conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a nitrogen-phosphorus-phytoplankton model in a water ecosystem. The main aim of this research is to analyze the global system dynamics and to study the existence and stability of equilibria. It is shown that the phytoplankton-eradication equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the input nitrogen concentration is less than a certain threshold. However, the coexistence equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable as long as it exists. The system is uniformly persistent within threshold values of certain key parameters. Finally, to verify the results, numerical simulations are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remanufacturing is a practice of growing importance due to increasing environmental awareness and regulations. Facility layout design, as the cornerstone of effective facility planning, is concerned about resource localization for a well-coordinated workflow that leads to lower material handling costs and reduced lead times. However, due to stochastic returns of used products/components and their uncontrollable quality conditions, the remanufacturing process exhibits a high level of uncertainty challenging the facility layout design for remanufacturing. This paper undertakes this problem and presents an optimization method for remanufacturing dynamic facility layout with variable process capacities, unequal processing cells, and intercell material handling. A dynamic multirow layout model is presented for layout optimization and a modified simulated annealing heuristic is proposed toward the determination of optimal layout schemes. The approach is demonstrated through a machine tool remanufacturing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the coopetition of the downstream different carriers by providing complementary transport services in intermodal freight transport chain. Considering different information structure, a two-stage dynamic game model with simultaneous actions on investment and price is first formulated. Equilibria show both parties have motivation to select coopetition even if the agreement for cooperation investment is reached in advance. When both firms agree on the specific allocation, the new coopetition with higher efficiency would be emerged. Moreover, we analyze the complexity and evolution of coopetition by repeated pricing game with finitely and infinitely time horizon. In the finitely repeated pricing game, both firms have incentive to reach a tacit understanding to alternate choosing price cooperation and competition after setting suitable allocation scheme; the repeated periods t are then going to be an issue. In the infinitely repeated pricing game, the perfect cooperation is realized by designing the suitable trigger strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]