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This paper reports on the behavior of red and black ink from a historical printed book, subjected to a plasma discharge treatment, applied for the decontamination and cleaning of naturally aged paper. As some preliminary experiments using high-frequency (HF) plasma showed a slight fading of red ink, the study was focused on the comparison of HF cold plasma and afterglow plasma treatments in order to get conclusive information on the effect of plasma active species on the red ink. Energy Dispersive X-ray Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM-EDX and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR-ATR analyses were used for the identification of inks and binder, while the impact of plasma on inks was assessed by SEM analysis and color determinations. The experiments have been performed on an especially designed modular equipment, allowing the samples to be subjected alternately to HF cold plasma or afterglow plasma treatment. The study proved that direct HF plasma could result in a more important deterioration at treatment duration exceeding 5 min, while in afterglow plasma, this discoloration is not observable. The color fading is imputable to the corrosion of pigment crystallites produced by direct plasma discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low-cost and simple-arranged paper-based microplasma array device made by tape and Xerox paper was presented. Uniform array of discharge can be sustained in Ar, He, and ambient air atmosphere. Stable discharge can be sustained for at least 55 min when plasma is ignited in Ar ambient, based on the examination of time-resolved optical emission spectra. Throughout the conditions investigated, the power consumed by the device was well below 0.3 W. We also demonstrated that stable and uniform discharge can be generated when the device was bent to a radius of curvature of 2.5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The 16th version of the Latin American Workshop on Plasma Physics (LAWPP 2017) took place at the main campus of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico, on September 4, 2017—September 8, 2017, organized by the Sociedad Mexicana de Física Division of Plasma Physics. This was the third time LAWPP was held in Mexico, following those in 1992 and 2005. The main mission of this series of meetings is to promote plasma physics in the region, providing a proper forum, as well as collaborations between scientists within Latin America, and broadly across the world. However, while it is a regional event in nature, it fulfilled its objective of bringing in an important international undertone. Furthermore, a wide range of topics were covered, in the fields of space and astrophysical plasmas, controlled nuclear fusion, laser-produced plasmas, dense magnetized plasmas, and industrial and environmental applications of plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) is an annual meeting of the plasma physics community known for the broad range of topics addressed as well as for its varied international locations. The 42nd ICOPS was held in Belek, Antalya, Turkey, on May 24–28, 2015. It was the first time that ICOPS was held in Turkey and the region. The General Chair of ICOPS 2015 was Prof. Lütfi Öksüz from Suleyman Demirel University (Isparta, Turkey), the Technical Program Chair was Dr. Christine Coverdale from Sandia National Laboratories (Albuquerque, NM, USA), and the conference Liaison was Prof. Edl Schamiloglu from the University of New Mexico (Albuquerque, NM, USA). As is traditional, the conference consists of all plasma science topics including 7 technical sessions and 35 subsessions. There were almost 400 registrants at ICOPS 2015, and over 500 abstracts are included in the conference. This ICOPS 2015 meeting especially attracted attendance from the Middle East, China, and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Welcome to the 27th Symposium On Fusion Engineering (SOFE) Special Edition of the IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (TPS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2013 IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference (PPPS 2013) was held at the Hyatt Regency in San Francisco, CA, USA in June 2013. The PPPS 2013 combined the 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) and the 40th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). This conference marks the third combined IEEE PPPS meeting, following the very successful PPPS 2001 in Las Vegas, NV, USA, and the PPPS 2007 in Albuquerque, NM, USA. The most recent ICOPS was held in 2012 in Edinburg, Scotland, and the most recent PPC was held in 2011 in Chicago, IL, USA. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Surrounding air pollution is one of the important warnings to human health. It is necessary to detect hazardous pollutant gases in the air. The gas sensor is the candidate for such detection. Progress of smart and flexible sensors has been receiving growing curiosity in recent years because of their enormous sensing applications. Such smart and flexible sensors can be manufactured by depositing conducting materials, such as conducting polymer, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene oxide, and metallic nanoparticles, onto nonconducting polymeric flexible substrates, such as paper, plastic films, and textiles. Most of the flexible polymeric substrates, such as polyethylene, polyester, nylon, and polypropylene, have low surface energy and poor wettability, which weakens the adhesion between conducting material and flexible substrate. Plasma surface modification is a novel technique to enhance surface properties to produce stable composites. This review focuses on various types of plasmas for surface modification and their effects on the surface after plasma treatment to improve the grafting and adhesion of the sensing layer with the substrate. The aim of this article is to systematically overview the development of plasma-enhanced smart and flexible gas sensors to date and to envisage their future progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the formation of the anode spot, the anode current constriction is considered as a result of current constriction on the cathode surface and in the arc column. The objective of this paper is to quantitatively determine the current constriction characteristics by experiments at the anode of vacuum arcs under an axial magnetic field (AMF). In this paper, the radial distribution of the anode current density in a diffused vacuum arc was determined quantitatively by a novel method of four types of split-anode contacts, with various diameters of the central areas. The vacuum arc was in the diffuse arc mode with the arc current ranging from 6-to 14-kA rms. An external AMF was applied at 74 mT. The results indicate that the radial distribution of the anode current density $j_{z}$ is in the form of the three-parameter equation, $j_{z}=aj_{A}e^{(-br\wedge 2)}+c$ , where $j_{A}$ is the average current density on the whole anode surface, $r$ is the radius of the anode contact, and the value of constants $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ depends on the arc current. Moreover, the results reveal the constriction characteristics of the anode current density in high-current vacuum arcs subject to the AMF, which was quite uneven in the radial distribution of the anode current density in the diffuse arc mode. Finally, under various arc currents, the constriction characteristics of the anode current density reveal similar patterns. The current density mainly constricted in the central region, in which the diameter might be only one-third of the whole diameter of the anode contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 41st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS14) and the 20th IEEE International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams14) combined for the first time in 2014 as the IEEE ICOPS/Beams meeting. This scientific meeting took place from May 25 to May 29, 2014, in Washington, DC, at the historical Marriott Wardman Park hotel in Northwest DC. Participation included a broad range of scientific attendance, with a total of 566 researchers from 36 countries, with scientists from China, Russia, and Japan making the largest contribution to the international contingent. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents the results of studies of dust formations in a radio frequency (RF) discharge plasma. In particular, the behavior of dust clouds in various types of traps was investigated. The experiments were carried out in argon plasma with the following discharge parameters: gas pressure of 0.02–0.6 Torr and discharge power of 1–50 W. Two types of the ring were used as a trap—“closed” and “nonclosed.” It was found that by changing the discharge parameters and using a different type of trap, it is possible to control the capture region of dust formations, and therefore, manipulate the extraction of dust particles by mass (size, in the case of monodispersity of particles). It has been observed that at a lower gas pressure the dust cloud is less affected by the traps; moreover, the wider the edge opening of “nonclosed” ring trap, the more efficient the process of extracting dust particles. The results of this paper can be useful for practical application in the processes of separation and extraction of dust particles from a plasma crystal, the study of particle interactions, and the manipulation of individual particles, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a simulation study of the dynamics of dust grains around a small asteroid. Plasma-asteroid interactions and asteroid charging are obtained from fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations. Dust transport simulation takes into account the electrostatic force, solar radiation pressure, and the gravitational force. Both the result derived from laboratory measurements of regolith surface charging and the single dust charging model are considered for dust charging. For the small asteroid considered in this paper, we find that dust transport is mostly determined by the competition between the electrostatic force and the solar pressure and dust distribution is sensitive to both dust charging and dust grain size. For dust grains in the tens of micrometer size range, the solar radiation pressure dominates dust transport at small dust charge-to-mass ratio, whereas the electrostatic force dictates dust transport at large dust charge-to-mass ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NorSat-1 was launched on July 14, 2017 as a satellite carrying, among other instruments, the multineedle Langmuir probe (m-NLP), an instrument which, on NorSat-1, is capable of measuring the ionospheric plasma electron density with the high sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. The m-NLP instrument operates by analyzing the current–voltage diagram resulting from the measurements from each individual probe. In principle, the m-NLP operation methodology should be insensitive to spacecraft charging. However, this is not always the case. In this paper, we present an overview of the instrument response to passes into and out of eclipse. When the satellite exits eclipse, we observe a collapse in the collected probe currents. This acute drop is unaccounted for by the theoretical operation of the instrument. We present a statistical analysis of the phenomenon based on several months of NorSat-1 data, and we suggest a plausible reason for the observed drop in the current, namely, spacecraft charging, by solar cell arrays upon eclipse exit. We briefly discuss how satellite orientation and plasma wake affect the current drop. With this paper, we address Langmuir probe current susceptibility to spacecraft potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the emission was generated in air, and the waveform recording the spectral line at 337 nm (= prominent N2 laser line) was noted. The pulse forming network (PFN) Marx generator having a large ($50~\Omega$) internal impedance was used. The pulses of the nitrogen emission at 337.1 nm of long ($< 3~\mu \text{s}$) duration and of short (≈10 ns) duration were obtained. The photodiode registered both the spontaneous emission and the stimulated (laser) emission in the 337 ± 5 nm spectral range. The data show that the laser emission predominates in the pulses of long duration. In the second part of this paper, it is suggested that the ultraviolet (UV) radiations emitted by the sun, together with the electric fields present at high altitudes, are capable of exciting the N2 molecules to the upper excited $\text{C}^{3}\Pi _{u} $ level to yield the laser emission of long duration. On the basis of the laser energy content dissipated into the plasma, the size of the transient luminous events (TLEs) known as the elves and the sprites was evaluated. The dynamics of initially small size, highly compressed, and very hot plasma formed inside the sprite was presented. It is proposed that the TLEs named “crepuscular twilight in the sky of New York” observed on December 28, 2018; “mysterious bright flash” occurred in Russia on January 9, 2018; and maybe the Tunguska event happened in Siberia on the morning of June 30, 1908 should be included in the list of the TLEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the ongoing China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) studies, this work focused on the study of the electromagnetic (EM) loads distribution on inboard (IB) and outboard (OB) blanket vertical segments. In this paper, a major central disruption scenario with a 36-ms linear current quench was performed in the ANSYS finite element software. EM forces and moments, both on the single module and the complete blanket segment, were calculated for the updated helium-cooled ceramic breeder (HCCB) blanket. Furthermore, the effect of EM loads with respect to poloidal segmentations on the back plate (BP) was studied. Results show that the EM forces and moments in the IB blanket barely changed, but in the OB blanket, great changes occurred. With poloidal segmentations increasing, EM forces loads on the BP will be reduced. This paper may provide important data to support subsequent optimization of the BP of CFETR and could also be a technical reference for other fusion organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inductively coupled plasma sources driven by RF power at low-pressure regimes are well adopted for high-volume manufacturing of semiconductor devices. One vexing challenge to the utility of these plasma processing reactors is the existence of the E–H-mode transition. Industry notably avoids the process region associated with this transition, where plasma instabilities and bimodal power coupling prohibit reliable RF power delivery. One plasma instability detailed in this paper is associated with a hysteresis in coupled RF power (current) varying for the E-mode, or weakly capacitive coupling to the plasma, in comparison to the stronger current coupling in the H-mode, where inductive coupling is preferentially dominant. As a result, approximately two orders of magnitude of electron density is relinquished in this transition region from serving industrial manufacturing processes. We characterize the plasma parameter variation through the E-mode to H-mode with a time-resolved measurement of the electron density. Electronegative chemistries are incorporated into our experimental setup. The experimental scheme serves to evaluate RF power delivery and ameliorate its coupling through the transition region. We seek to extend this paper to adopt more efficient power coupling for toroidal plasma sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clearly demonstrates the structure of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) power supply system and analyzes principles of the finite-state machine (FSM) elaborately. Depending on the characteristics of EAST power supply system and the requirements of it, this paper chooses the real-time Linux as system platform and experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) as development tool to design a control system of the EAST poloidal field power system supply. This paper utilizes a temporal logic control based on the FSM in order to regulate the operation process of real-time sequence logic control of 12 sets of power controllers. This design is evaluated and tested, and it completely meets the real-time requirement of the poloidal field power supply (PFPS) control system. Several experiments have proved that this design definitely meets the real-time sequence logic control requirement of the PFPS control system in the complex situations under magnetic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in the use of atmospheric-pressure plasma jets (APPJs) is constantly growing. APPJs offer various ranges for applications, such as wound healing, cancer treatment, and dental care. The complex plasma chemistry plays an important role in each of these fields but is often poorly understood. In this paper, the production of atomic oxygen in a radio frequency helium–oxygen plasma is investigated by means of a numerical simulation. A 1-D discharge of an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet is created with the plasma module of COMSOL Multiphysics, using a set of 25 reactions. Many 1-D simulations usually cannot estimate the power deposition in a correct way because of suspected arising losses, such as radiation and inefficiencies of the external circuit. In order to match the experimental power deposition of 13 W, high voltages (855 V) are required in the model. Such high voltages cause changes in the plasma characteristics like a switch in the glow mode. The impact of the voltage on the plasma is investigated by the comparison of a low-voltage (325 V) simulation, which matches the experimental oxygen production, and a high-voltage (855 V) simulation, which matches the experimental power deposition. Outcomes of this paper further support the idea that the power deposition measured in experiments is higher than the actual power deposition coupled to the plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacuum circuit breakers have an issue of instability arc current and chopping phenomena when the current is cut off from the circuit. To clarify the effect of the instability low-current vacuum arc for circuit breaker development, the instability mechanism of low-current vacuum arc for various parameters was proposed to verify consequent affecting circuit breaker capacity in this paper. This paper used the cathode spot model neglect the transition region between the collisionless sheath and collisional plasma region. The eight equations were used for solving the dependent variable of plasma parameters for both silver and copper electrode materials. The low ionization was supposed in the cathode spot model. The results showed that the changes in the work function and ion current fraction at ambient temperature did not have the main influence on the arc stability limit current both in the silver electrode and copper electrode. On the contrary, the changes in the heat conductivity at ambient temperature affecting the arc stability limit current significantly both in the silver and copper electrodes. Furthermore, the results were found out that the cathode spot can be confirmed unstable current phenomena when the current below 19 A for copper cathode and below 19.4 A for the silver cathode. These phenomena can be explained that the reversed electrons flow from the plasma side to sheath region affecting the electric field at cathode spot become negative zone; thus, the starting noise on the current trace appears before chopping current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the two-electron pseudodot (TEPD) system immersed in plasma environments under the influence of a monochromatic linearly polarized laser field. The four different sets, constituted by the potential parameters, of the more general exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential are used to characterize the Debye and quantum plasma environments. The time dependent in the Schrödinger equation arising from the laser field is interchanged to the potential energy term from the kinetic energy term through the dipole approximation and the Kramers–Henneberger transformation. Then, the laser-dressed potential that denotes the effects of the laser radiation field is constituted by using the Ehlotzky approximation. In that case, as the analytical solution is impossible just now due to the complicated form of the Schrödinger equation, the numerical solution is carried out via the asymptotic iteration method. In this paper, the pseudodot system is considered because the quantum dots are very similar to atomic systems, and the pseudoharmonic potential is successful in explaining the atomistic structures. However, it is an important motivation for us that, as well as the importance of the laser–plasma interactions, the laser field is a considerable exciter for radiating, which exhibits remarkable confinement effects. Since, as well as the screening effects exhibited by plasmas on atomic systems, and their significant results, the plasma is a significant experimental argument in manufacturing and modification of the quantum dots, the plasma effects are taken into consideration in this paper. Within these motivations, all parameters that operate on the energies of TEPD system with the laser effect in plasmas are analyzed in detail, and the corresponding results are discussed thoroughly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper embodies the results of experimental studies of a dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature nonequilibrium plasma reactor that runs in air and nitrogen at atmospheric-pressure conceived for surface treatment applications. A homemade reactor, of typical plane-to-plane geometry with the dielectric covering the upper electrode which is stressed by a high voltage (40 kV, 3–20 kHz) is used. Electrical signals (current and voltage), optical emission spectroscopy records, and total light emission measured by photomultiplier have been analyzed and used to distinguish different plasma regimes which are studied for the treatment of a lignocellulosic material (sugarcane bagasse). In the filamentary discharge regime, the gas temperature of few tens of degree Celsius above the ambient one was determined, the electronic temperature of some electronvolts and electron density in the range of 1012–1013 cm−3 were estimated. Plasma treated pellets of sugarcane bagasse were analyzed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry and the relative results obtained under filamentary discharge regime have shown significant degradation of the lignin macromolecule. It has been shown important modifications on the lignocellulosic material, namely, the plasma attacks drastically the lignin bonds. Strong modification of lignin was observed near wavenumber of 3400 cm−1, due to stretching vibrations of OH, and for the band 1114 cm−1 which is related to C=C and C=O stretching. Severe decrease of the band intensity 1596 cm−1, which due to C=C stretching and C=O, is also a result of the treatments done in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the capacitances of the two-stage bushing that is installed in the 1-MV test bed for neutral beam injectors in the future fusion reactors are calculated by modeling the bushing in a 3-D electrostatic code. One of the modeling results is the stored energy in the bushing, which corresponds to 1/2 CV2. After evaluating the bushing capacitance, a MATLAB/Simulink model is presented to model the possible breakdown in the bushing and between the electrodes in the 1-MV test bed. When a breakdown occurs between anode and cathode, an overcurrent is drawing that can cause damage in the electrode surfaces while an overvoltage takes place when the breakdown happens between the bushing stages. Such damage has been observed experimentally in the past. This paper also presents some of the possible protection against the breakdown in the 1-MV test bed to dissipate the stored energy in order to protect the electrode surfaces and the bushing. The suggested protections presented in this paper are damping resistors, surge arrester individually, and both of them. Also, a coil can be added to the DR either in series or in parallel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on using plasma as element of a frequency selective surface (FSS). FSSs have been used for filtering electromagnetic waves for many years. Conventional FSSs use metal patch pattern as periodic element. This paper takes the plasma tube as a substitution for metal patch. The 3-D finite-difference time-domain method with periodic boundary condition is utilized to simulate the interaction of incident wave and plasma FSS. Numerical calculation results in that electron number density of plasma can dominate the resonance frequency obviously. The resonance frequency increases as the increasing of electron number density of plasma to the limit of that of perfectly electric conductor. Thus, the FSS can be designed to be tunable by changing the ionized electron number density. Both of the noncollision and collisional plasma model are introduced to study the FSS characteristics. The numerical calculation results show that the collision frequency only influences the reflectivity while has no effect on the resonant frequency. The resonant frequency and transmitted power ratio can be tuned by assigning the plasma’s electron number density and collision frequency. Thus, plasma elements offer the possibility of improved shielding effect along with reconfigurability. Plasma FSS can also be made transparent by tuning the plasma off which makes the use of FSS more versatile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents a contribution toward finding a complete set of electron collision cross sections for the methane molecule by revising all of the collision cross sections and adding the partial collision cross sections data relating to dissociation by electron impact. For the latter, there are no available measurements data for each channel of dissociation and no validated recommended data for use in the modeling, although these data are very important in order to determine different species in a methane plasma. The rate coefficients of the partial dissociative collisions into neutrals and the partial ionization collisions are also calculated, and when fitted, these can be used as input for fluid models. This paper is concluded by the validation of our set of data through a comparison between the transport coefficients calculated by using our data and the measurements of the transport coefficients that already exist in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes unconventional control techniques for a portable power supply consisting of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), a dc–dc converter, and a low-impedance load such a plasma load. Between the EDLCs and the plasma load consuming high power, a dc–dc converter is required to control the output voltage from the rapidly decreasing voltage of EDLCs. In addition, the dc–dc converter should maintain a set point by responding to arcs occurred in plasma process. This paper proposed hybrid analog and digital controls for a nonideal boost converter which was setup by theoretical analysis. The proposed system is verified with experiment and simulation. As a result, the proposed control method can maintain the constant output voltage longer than a traditional analog pulsewidth modulation control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The values of the propagation constants of electromagnetic (EM) waves through the plasma using as the example of a homogeneous plasma layer for different electron distribution functions (EDFs) are the subject of this paper. The Maxwellian, Druyvesteyn, Pipe-line, and Bi-Maxwellian distribution functions were considered in this paper. Using values of the complex dielectric permittivity obtained from using different EDFs, the results for corresponding reflection, transmission, and absorption coefficients can be significantly different. The EDFs sometimes can have a considerable effect on the dielectric properties of plasma. Hence, comparing the results obtained, it is helpful to analyze the interaction between EM waves and plasma and provide a theoretical basis for the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past measurements of the plasma density and potential profiles near the exit of the keeper electrode in a hollow cathode device suggested that turbulent ion acoustic fluctuations and ionization instability in the cathode plume significantly increased the energy of the ions that flow from this region. The lifetime of keeper electrode is limited by sputtering or ion bombardment of the Molybdenum surface exposed to the discharge plasma. Increases in the cathode gas flow reduce the amplitude of the fluctuations and the number and energy of the energetic ions, which decreases the erosion rate of the keeper electrodes. However, as the cathode gas flow is raised for a given discharge current, the performance of a 5-kW Annular-Geometry Ion Engine (AGI-Engine) declines. There is a strong relationship between the performance and the lifetime of the ion thruster. To validate whether the 20-A hollow cathode satisfied China’s communication satellite platform’s application requirement for North-South station keeping, this paper analyzed the effect of the cathode gas flow on the performance and the lifetime of the AGI-Engine. Different from the previous methods, this paper first tracked the movement of energetic ions generated in the plume of the hollow cathode, predicted erosion rates, found where they hit the keeper electrode, and then determined the amount of material that they sputtered. A review of past experimental results was presented first. Next, based on the existing experimental data, theoretical analysis and numerical calculations were performed to determine the optimum gas flow range and the performance curve of the 20-A hollow cathode. The results showed that the primary erosion mechanism of the keeper electrode was caused by impact from Charge Exchange Xenon (CEX) ions, which caused the cathode orifice to be widened and attenuated over time. However, heavy double xenon ($\text{X}_{\text{e}}^{++}$) ions, which struck the keeper electrode more severely than CEX ions, were the most crucial factor that limited the lifetime of the 20-A hollow cathode due to their high energy and large mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linearly polarized spectral emission is induced by non-Maxwellian electrons with anisotropic velocity distributions through collisional processes with ions in plasmas. X-ray line polarization is a viable diagnostic tool for the study of these electrons, which has been tested in controlled settings, e.g., the electron beam ion trap, but due to strong depolarization effects, has been relatively unexplored in laboratory-produced high-energy-density plasmas. This paper explores the X-ray line polarization for the study of Ne-like molybdenum X-pinch plasmas. Previous polarization studies have focused mostly on K-shell spectral lines, whereas the current paper expands on these studies by investigating L-shell line polarization. The X-pinch is favorable due to its high-density plasma formation, high radiation yield, fixed hotspot location, and reliable electron beam production. L-shell X-ray line polarization and spectral emission of Mo X-pinches were investigated through dual $\alpha $ -quartz ($2d=6.687$ Å) crystal spectropolarimetry with axial and radial spatial resolution. In particular, line polarization is evaluated through a comparative analysis of relative line intensities observed over a range of Ne-like Mo transitions simultaneously recorded with two spectrometers with different sensitivity to polarization. An appreciable degree of X-ray line polarization (up to 15%) is observed in the Ne-like Mo plasmas and analyzed using depolarization effects. These results are the first polarization measurements in high-Z pulsed power plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the experiment with an overmassed wire-array $Z$ -pinch load that is powered by a current pulse (amplitude ~4.3 MA and rise time $\sim 0.9~\mu \text{s}$) from a multidisk magnetocumulative generator. Interesting feature of the experimentally recorded soft X-ray (SXR) pulse is short (~10 ns) duration at a microsecond current rise time with total energy of several hundreds of kilojoules. Obtained results are the evidence of high-quality implosion of the current-carrying plasma. The 2-D magnetohydrodynamic code FLUX-rz was used for the numerical simulation and analysis of the obtained results. The calculations indicated that only ~30% of the initial load mass took part in the SXR generation. The main peculiarities of the overmassed $Z$ -pinch implosion are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the particle-in-cell (PIC) method is quite mature, verification and validation of both newly developed methods and individual codes have largely focused on an idiosyncratic choice of a few test cases. Many of these test cases involve either 1-D or 2-D simulations. This is either due to the availability of (quasi-) analytic solutions or historical reasons. In addition, tests often focus on the investigation of particular physics problems, such as particle emission or collisions, and do not necessarily study the combined impact of the suite of algorithms necessary for a full-featured PIC code. As 3-D codes become the norm, there is a lack of benchmark tests that can establish the validity of these codes; existing papers either do not delve into the details of the numerical experiment or provide other measurable numeric metrics (such as noise) that are outcomes of the simulation. This article seeks to provide several test cases that can be used for validation and bench-marking of PIC codes in 3-D. We focus on examples that are collisionless and can be run with reasonable computational resources. Three test cases are presented in significant detail; these include basic particle motion, beam expansion, and adiabatic expansion of plasma. All presented cases are compared either against existing analytical data or other codes. We anticipate that these cases should help fill the void of bench-marking and validation problems and help the development of new PIC codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic pulse compression (MPC) systems are suitable for generating dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) owing to their capability of producing high-amplitude, short pulse voltage waves. This paper proposes a high-frequency, bipolar magnetic compression system to study DBD plasma characteristics. First, the principle of bipolar MPC is explained [a bipolar MPC system comprises a full bridge inverter circuit, pulse transformer (PT), and magnetic switch (MS)]. Additionally, the design of the PT and MS is described. Then, the waveform of the resistive load is tested and compared with PSpice simulation results. It was found that the nanosecond pulse generator produces a pulse on a resistor with an amplitude of 0–13 kV, a rise time of approximately 100 ns, and a repetition frequency of 0 to several kHz. Finally, this paper studies the plasma characteristics under the application of a high-frequency bipolar pulse, and the charge–voltage Lissajous figure of the discharge waveform is analyzed. Combining discharge photographs and theoretical calculation results yields the relationship between the discharge characteristics and the frequency, which enriches the theoretical study of high-frequency bipolar discharges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of plant systems involving penetrations into the in-vessel components, such as heating and current drive, fuel cycle, and diagnostics, is a complex task constrained by top-level requirements of remote maintainability and high reliability. Within the EUROfusion Power Plant Physics and Technology Program, some activities are ongoing to assess the integration of different systems into the breeding blanket (BB), specifically neutral beam injector (NBI), electron cyclotron resonance heating launchers, diagnostics sightlines, fueling lines, and specific protections for the first wall (like startup limiters). This paper describes the integration of the NBI system into the Dual-Coolant Lithium-Lead (DCLL) BB for the EU DEMO. After identifying the major issues impacting the mechanical, thermal-hydraulic and neutronic behavior of the blanket, the integration efforts have been focused on minimizing the invasiveness of the NBI system and exploring different NBI options for the best compromise between plasma heating and BB performance. This paper describes the adaptation of the DCLL BB design to allocate the neutral beam duct. A particular attention is devoted to the redistribution of breeding and shielding functions, the new path of fluid circuits, and the additional cooling needs. The consequences of design modifications on key neutronic aspects like tritium breeding ratio and shielding capability are addressed. Besides, the thermal loads transferred to the BB walls from the neutral beam and the plasma are discussed, and a preliminary thermal assessment of the proposed solution is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a shutdown dose rate (SDR) calculation to estimate a newly developed preliminary concept of the equatorial port model for the Korean fusion demonstration reactor (K-DEMO). The equatorial port model was designed to provide effective radiation shielding abilities adopting the port shielding block and labyrinth structure, which was integrated into the modified K-DEMO neutronic analysis model by the Monte Carlo automatic modeling system. A rigorous two-step method was applied to couple transport (MCNP) and activation (FISPACT) codes according to three steps of calculation procedures. The results of neutron flux and decay gamma transport calculation for the equatorial port area have been indicated in this paper. The SDR calculation result near the equatorial port area reveals that a dose level in the equatorial port interspace was below $100~\mu $ Sv/h after 12 days of the shutdown. Shielding blocks and two labyrinth structures prove that they effectively attenuate neutrons on the current concept of the equatorial port model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new type of Rogowski digital integrator signal processing system has been developed for the dc test platform which located in the Institute of Plasma Physics. This signal processing system is mainly composed of the dual-coil subtraction structure and the digital signal filtering processing method that comb filter combined with high-pass filter (HPF) and low-pass filter (LPF). Trigger noise comes from the converter; it can be coupled to the integrator through distributive capacitance between dc bus bar and Rogowski coil; it will affect the integrator seriously; for example, the amplifier in integrator will be saturation, and the integrator cannot work, burrs lying in integration result. The dual-coil subtraction structure can attenuate the trigger noise significantly from hardware perspective and is convenient for the integrator to take a high gain without saturation. The comb filter combined with HPF and LPF can attenuate the trigger noise further and smooth the integration result. The experiment indicates that the approach proposed in this paper can reduce the impact of trigger noise on the integrator and improve the measurement accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The halogen volatile organic compound (VOC) is a common industrial pollutant, mainly including trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, trichloroacetic acid, chloro-fluoro-carbons, carbon tetrachloride, trihalomethans, chlorodifuoromethanes, hydrofluorocarbons, and some other fluor alkaline, ether, and amine. The halogen VOCs have reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The traditional methods for treating them include masking method, dilution method, chemical oxidation method, incineration method, UV oxidation method, photocatalytic oxidation method, absorption method, and biological method. In this paper, advantages and disadvantages of traditional methods have been studied and analyzed. A new plasma technology has been put forward, which has the advantage of the rapid reaction to ambient temperature, wide applications, system compactness, simplicity of operation and short residual time, and the plasma technology is especially appropriate for the decomposition of VOCs. At present, as for the control of VOCs, the plasma technology has drawn much attention as an energy-saving technology. In this paper, the equipment for the decomposition of halogen VOCs has been analyzed, including the plasma rectors, power characteristics, operation conditions, and the decomposition mechanisms of C2HCl3, CH2Cl2, C2H3Cl3, CCl4, CHCl3, CF4, C2F6, and SF6 have been investigated and concluded. Finally, it is concluded that the combination of the plasma technology with traditional methods would be main direction of study in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of mathematical simulation of processes in argon-hydrogen inductively coupled plasma/radio frequency induction plasma torch for plasma chemical reactions. This first part starts a series of papers for simulation and study of plasma properties for a variety of gases and mixtures, which could be used for a number of prospective technologies. The results of mathematical simulation allow further research on the mechanisms of chemical reactions in argon-hydrogen plasma to increase effectiveness of obtaining the target product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microwave plasma torch (MPT) is an attractive plasma source in both industry and scientific research because of its advantages in electrodeless operation ability, high energy efficiency, and flexibility under different operational conditions. However, relatively few numerical studies have been carried out for the MPT fed by a rectangular waveguide in two or even three dimensions. Therefore, this paper presents a 2-D, axisymmetric, and stationary fluid models to characterize the MPT, with an emphasis on the mechanism of the surface wave formation and the sustentation of the plasma column. Nine partial differential equations are included in this research, coupling microwave radiation, heat transfer, plasma bulk flow, and transport of different species with each other. The obtained results reveal how the traveling surface wave occurs and elucidate the consequent influence of the surface wave formation. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the extension of the plasma column length and the propagation of the surface wave with an increase in the total plasma-absorbed microwave power. The dependence of the plasma column length on the plasma-absorbed microwave power is found to be motivated by the surface wave propagation. The limitations of the model and the difficulties in its numerical implementation are also discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper is to experimentally investigate the effect of plasma-activated gas on the characteristics of a laminar lifted nonpremixed jet flame in a coflow stream. A coaxial dielectric-barrier discharge is employed to activate fuel (C3H8) and oxidizer, respectively. It is shown that an enhancement of 12% and 50% in the liftoff velocity is observed for oxidizer and fuel activation, respectively. With the addition of O3 (1650 ppm) by oxidizer activation, the flame liftoff height is continuously decreased and the blowout velocity is extended. In contrast, a larger liftoff height, accompanied with a smaller blowout velocity, exhibits for flames with fuel activation. The inconsistent effect of fuel activation on the flame liftoff is presumably a contribution of the gas expansion, the conversion rate, and the corresponding product selectivity. The gas expansion is due to the fuel activation that produces lighter hydrocarbons than propane. The conversion rate and the H2 and CH4 selectivities are found to be associated with the plasma energy density. The flame propagation can be greatly enhanced to produce a nozzle-attached flame when the plasma energy density is high enough to effectively decompose C3H8 into H2. Nevertheless, a decrease in plasma energy is more sufficient for the cleavage of C–C bonds, resulting in a significant decrease in H2 selectivity, but a nearly unaltered CH4 selectivity. The reduced conversion due to the lower plasma energy, along with the gas expansion, produces a lifted flame with a larger liftoff height than the nonactivated flame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonequilibrium plasma is an effective and one of versatile advanced oxidation process due to the formation of reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals, oxygen atom, and hydroperoxyl radicals. In pulsed discharge, free electrons gain energy from an imposed electric field and lose this energy through collisions with neutral gas/liquid molecules. The transfer of energy to the molecules leads to the formation of a variety of new species including atoms, free radicals, and ions. These products are all active chemically, and in our case, we measure the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated in the reactor and also the amount of escaped ozone generated in the reactor and decolorized indigo reagent in a graduated cylinder (GC). In this paper, we used oxygen and argon gases in various flow rate and mixed ratios to feed a gaseous phase in a water spraying droplet reactor. The experimental results indicated that the oxygen and O2/Ar mixture flow rates in spraying reactor have an effect on both hydroxyl radical generation and decolorization of indigo reagent solution. Argon gas discharge has less effect on hydroxyl radical production compared to the oxygen gas discharge with the same flow rates and no effect on the decolorization of indigo reagent solution in GC. We obtained remarkable results on both hydroxyl radical generation rate and decolorization efficiency of indigo reagent solution when we discharged with the mixture of O2/Ar “especially when the ratio has more oxygen than argon gas.” Hence, the presence of oxygen in the water spray plasma discharge is very important as it influence the generation of reactive species such as O atoms and ozone in the gas and liquid phase, which can react directly with organic contaminants and also contribute to more production of hydroxyl radicals in the aqueous phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a study on the high-voltage compact solid-state pulsed-power modulator for parallel reactor operation. The current capacity of the pulsed modulator has been improved to drive multiple reactors in parallel. The pulse discharge switch uses the IXYK120N120C3 (1200 V/120 A) insulated-gate bipolar transistor for a high current output. The gate driver has been improved according to the characteristics of the replaced switch. The output specifications of the modified pulsed-power modulator are a maximum output voltage of 40 kV, a maximum output current of 300 A, a pulsewidth ranging from 1.5 to $5~\mu \text{s}$ , a maximum repetition rate of 3 kHz, and an average power of 13 kW. The modulator has the dimensions of $450 \times 475 \times 600$ mm3, a maximum peak power of 12 MW, and a maximum power density of 93 kW/L. A resistive load experiment and a plasma reactor parallel drive test were performed. Four parallel reactors were driven using one modulator. In addition, a 50% reduction in the concentration of toluene was obtained through the experiment of the toluene gas treatment using only parallel plasma reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Test blanket modules (TBMs) are key components of the ITER for the demonstration of tritium breeding. During plasma disruption, the TBMs and other in-vessel components suffer large electromagnetic forces and vibrations accompanied by a significant magnetostructural coupling effect. Aiming to evaluate the coupled vibration of a test module in J-TEXT Tokamak, a simplified analytical model was developed in this paper. The model has one degree of torsional freedom and was established by the idealization of the geometry and the confining magnetic field. The analytical solution of the model indicates that the magnetic stiffness effect is not significant for this problem, and the model gives a conservation estimation of the magnetic damping effect. To demonstrate the feasibility of the analytical model, the dynamic response of the test module in J-TEXT during a typical plasma disruption event was simulated by using an FEM numerical code of the Lagrangian sequential coupling method and was found to be in good agreement with the analytical solution. To prove the validity of the numerical model and code, the coupled vibration of a cubic block in a large constant magnetic field and a pulsed magnetic field of an electromagnet was measured by fabricating an experimental setup in a large magnet and was also calculated by using the FEM code under the experimental conditions. The measured results agree well with the numerical ones, which proved the validity of the analytical model indirectly. Due to the explicit form of the coupling term, the analytical solution gives a good reference when considering the magnetostructural coupling effect of a typical in-vessel structure in the tokamak device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geosynchronous (GEO) orbital regime is becoming cluttered with derelict space debris, which raises the collision risk for satellites in a very valuable orbit. Touchless reorbiting options have been proposed for moving this debris to a graveyard orbit to avoid the risk of physically docking with large, multiton defunct satellites that can be tumbling at several degrees per second. This paper investigates the electrostatic tractor (ET), which uses an electron beam mounted on a tug spacecraft to irradiate a passive debris object. The tug quickly rises to a positive steady-state voltage, and the debris quickly falls to a negative steady-state voltage to create an attractive tugging force. The tug maintains a fixed relative position during the reorbit using inertial thrusting. The Coulomb force can be used as a means of touchless actuation for geosynchronous debris reorbiting, detumbling, and formation flying. This paper investigates the prospects of using a beam with pulsed current. The off-pulsing periods can have benefits for sensing and thrusting applications, and the pulsing charging can lead to higher force levels for the same electrical power used in particular conditions. A Monte Carlo analysis is performed to study the mean electrostatic force, considering a range of beam currents, voltages, pulsing duties cycles, and vehicle sizes. Power-limited regions are identified where the pulsed tractor has a magnitude that is comparable or greater than the mean continuous beam force. This creates interesting alternate methods to implement an ET while having periodic off periods. The tractor performance is illustrated through the debris reorbiting scenario. A detailed equal power analysis determines that even duties cycles as low as 10%–20% can lead to forces comparable to the continuous beam performance, or even do better for some powers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The baseline design of the planned Europa Mission includes large solar arrays, which may experience surface charging. The spacecraft would encounter Europa ~40 times with some passes within ~25 km. This paper will describe the plasma environment expected near Europa during these encounters. Emphasis will be on the torus near Europa and on Europa’s ionosphere. Whereas the spacecraft would encounter a cold, corotating torus plasma with a velocity of ~120 km/s near Europa, it may encounter Europa’s ionosphere at a velocity as low as 5 km/s as Europa’s orbital velocity is only ~14 km/s relative to Jupiter. The challenge is to estimate the rapid potential variations associated with these two disparate environments. This paper will present a review of models of the plasma torus and the ionosphere and their interactions with each other. Ultimately, the models will be used to estimate the effects of the varying plasmas near Europa on the planned Europa Mission’s baseline spacecraft design and on its instruments with the intent of hardening that design to surface charging and to help with the interpretation of the effects of the charging environment on its instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Atmospheric corona discharge plasmas are the most common diversely occurrence in the electric power system. In this paper, four elementary processes occurred in corona discharge are taken into account, including elastic collision, excitation, attachment, and ionization. As one of the most important parameters in corona characteristics analysis, the effective Townsend ionization coefficient is completely calculated by the Boltzmann equation under the consideration of humidity. This paper also derives the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in water vapor and dry air, respectively. With reference to previous researches and the existing literature, comparisons and validations on ionization and attachment coefficient are conducted. Besides, the effects of humidity, pressure, and temperature on the effective ionization coefficient are also discussed in this paper. It is concluded that humidity can enhance both ionization and attachment. The results show that the ionization coefficient in this paper is well consistent with traditional ones, while there are variations for attachment coefficient. In normal condition, the effective ionization coefficient varies slightly with humidity, but it increases significantly with a decreased pressure or an increased temperature, which cause the change in critical electric field correspondingly. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The reactions have been accompanied ultraviolet (UV) radiation and electron impact with discharge plasmas in water–gas mixture, which can generate oxides, such as ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). In this paper, two nonthermal plasma processing systems were established by means of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) arrays in water mist spray and an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) immersed water. The yield characteristics of oxides (O3, NOx, and H2O2) in treated water were compared between the APPJ and DBD system under different applied voltages and energy densities. The results show that the relative intensity of UV from both the APPJ and DBD in water–gas mixture are stronger than the ones in air. The concentrations of O3 and NOx in treated water increased with increasing treatment time by using of both the APPJ and the DBD. Meanwhile, the APPJ-treated water is more acid than the DBD-treated one. However, it does not exist H2O2 in APPJ-treated water, rather it is enhanced in DBD-treated water with increasing discharge time. Moreover, the yields of produced oxides in water with discharge in water–gas mixture increased with increasing energy density, and decreased with decreasing applied voltage. This paper clearly demonstrates the close coupling of the yields of oxides and applied voltage, and thus is helpful in the study of the mechanism and application of discharge in water–gas mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper studies the nonlinear characteristics of plasma induced by an electron beam irradiating the target material. Poisson’s equation, the equations of continuity, and momentum equation are employed to investigate the nonlinearity of the electron beam-induced plasma. The steady-state three equations are combined into a nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equation. The physical phenomena resulted from the nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equation are analyzed and presented in this paper. The effects of parameters on the nonlinear characteristics are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

When the duration of a laser pulse is comparable to the plasma wave period, a large-amplitude plasma wave can be driven by the laser. In the presence of a guiding magnetic field, the large-amplitude plasma wave of finite transverse extent and large phase velocity resonantly accelerates the electrons to a higher energy level. For a small laser spot size, the laser exerts an axial as well as the radial ponderomotive force on the electrons that creates a density depression on the laser axis. This electron-depleted channel also creates a radial electric field (ion space-charge field). The acceleration of electrons in this channel is investigated, where the effect of ion space-charge field is considered, by solving the single particle dynamical equations. This paper shows that the space charge field plays an important role in electron energy gain during acceleration by a plasma wave in a magnetic plasma channel. This paper may be crucial in understanding the dynamics of particle motion and improving the quality of accelerated electron beam in the laser wakefield accelerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical oxidation and the bactericidal capabilities of nonthermal plasma discharges can be used in different practical applications, such as biodecontamination, sterilisation of medical equipment, waste water treatment, syn-gas treatment, and others. In this paper, the oxidation and biodecontamination effects of impulsive plasma discharge, which propagate across a liquid sample/air interface (surface discharges), and through the bulk of a liquid sample (direct discharges), have been investigated. The oxidizing capability was analyzed by measuring the degree of decolorization of indigo carmine dye in water solutions. Gram-negative and gram-positive bacterias, E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, were used as model microorganisms in the investigation of the biocidal effects of plasma discharges. Surface and direct plasma discharges were generated by high-voltage impulses of both polarities, with the magnitudes of 20, 24, and 28 kV, and the chemical oxidation and biodecontamination capabilities of such discharges have been obtained and analyzed. It has been established that the defining factor in the chemical and biological effects of plasma discharges is the normalized delivered charge (dose). The results obtained in this paper show that surface discharges have greater biodecontamination capability as compared with direct transient plasma discharges. Also, it was shown that the decontamination rate of E. coli is more than double than that of S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the plasma distribution around the conductor coil in Galatea device, a 1-D plasma dynamic model of the linear topological Galatea device is established in this paper, and the static equilibrium analytical solution of this model is derived. The analytical results show that in the vicinity of the conductor coil, the closer to the conductor coil, the greater the plasma pressure is, which causes collision losses due to the plasma concentration on the surface of conductor coil. Therefore, absolute static balance does not exist near the conductor coil. Based on this fact, this paper introduces a quasi-equilibrium model with the plasma separated from the conductor coil by changing its carrying current form. The proposed method is verified by a simulation model established in COMSOL, and the simulation results show that the plasma can be separated from the conductor coil when an increasing current passes through the conductor coil. At the end of this paper, the effects on the separation efficiency of time-varying current with different increasing rate are also given. The duration of the quasi-equilibrium is also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective control of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in fusion experiments by means of actively controlled coils calls for challenging dynamic requirements to the relevant power supply (PS) systems. The first part of this paper gives an overview on typical requirements and technological solutions adopted in some present fusion experiments. Then, the advantages of SiC devices with respect to the Si ones are described in this paper, including lower switching losses, higher switching speed, higher operating junction temperature, and higher voltage capability. As an application example, this paper reports on the case of the PS system for resistive wall mode control in the JT-60SA satellite tokamak, where analyses showed the difficulty of satisfying the demanding requirements in terms of high current bandwidth (3 kHz) and short latency ( <50~\mu \texts ) with a simple H-bridge topology adopting standard IGBT. On the contrary, the use of Si–SiC IGBT with the same topology can allow meeting the specifications, as demonstrated by the development and test of such a power amplifier, rated for $300~A_{{\mathrm{pk}}}$ and 240 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear and nonlinear properties of obliquely propagating waves are studied in a degenerate dense cold magnetoplasma, comprising of Thomas–Fermi distributed electrons and ions as well as non-degenerate negatively charged dust particulates. By using the plane wave approximation, a linear dispersion relation for the dust-cyclotron (DC) and dust-acoustic (DA) waves is derived and analyzed numerically. For fully nonlinear waves, a Sagdeev pseudopotential theory is employed to derive an energy-balance equation and the soliton existence domain depending upon the dust concentration $(h)$ , obliqueness $(L_{z})$ , and Mach number $(M)$. Numerical analysis reveals that the parameter $h$ enhances the domain for allowed Mach numbers, i.e., $M_{1} < M < M_{2}$ and therefore favoring the solitary excitations, where $M_{1}$ and $M_{2}$ are the lower and upper Mach numbers, respectively. In addition, the dust concentration significantly reduces the amplitude and the profile sharpness of the solitary pulses. Similarly, variations in the obliqueness parameter and the Mach numbers modify the wave characteristics. This paper is important for understanding the nonlinear properties of electrostatic excitations in degenerate dusty magnetoplasma, relevant to white dwarfs (WDs), namely $GD56,\,\,GD29-38,\,\,GD362$ , and $WD2115-560$ , being termed as the DUSTY DAZ WDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]