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Personality is a complex, nuanced aspect of the human experience. In this paper, Nyary explores the theme of personality as it relates to Susanna Clarke's novel Piranesi. In this novel, the main character Piranesi, a London native, is trapped in the House, a labyrinth with hundreds of rooms, where he has no memory of his past life. Piranesi transforms into a different person after a prolonged stay in the House. As a consequence of human nature, individuals tend to create personas that they present to others to appear more likable while withholding their true personalities. Nyary asserts that the House represents one's true personality while London represents the version one shows to the world. Broadening the scope of this metaphor, Nyary emphasizes the importance of understanding and nurturing one's true personality and the implications this has for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic produced immeasurable impacts on the economy, education, and socialization, besides the loss of millions of lives. Thus, there has been an accelerated development of an unprecedented number of COVID-19 vaccine candidates to control the pandemic. The World Health Organization's emergency use authorization of COVID-19 vaccines still in clinical trial allowed immunizing the population. This paper presents a perspective of the bioethical precepts of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice in the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of surveillance at all stages of vaccine development to detect adverse effects and ensure compliance with bioethical precepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many of the actual bioethical discussions start from the assumption that we have absolute dominance/disposition over our body. Based on the thesis of autonomy, control over one's own life and the freedom to do anything, at least with one's body, the goodness or legitimacy of acts such as suicide and euthanasia are often justified. Considering the last statements, this paper seeks to approach the question of the nature of the disposition -main attribute of dominion or property- over the body. It will be argued on the basis of Thomas Aquinas' theory and Immanuel Kant's exposition, often wrongly considered, in my opinion, as rival doctrines. The whole writing will be oriented to review the relations of the modern principle of autonomy with the problem of the morality of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and medical developments, added to our reality in Colombia, demand the training of professionals consistent with ethical principles and clear theoretical concepts on current regulations that are aimed at respect for human life. The country's current constitutional situation poses a challenge to any professional, beyond the legal or health fields, since fundamental rights such as life and freedom of conscience are being questioned. This paper demonstrates the need and importance of promoting and accessing conscientious objection as a response to the legal landscape of the protection of life in Colombia, which may be an example for other countries in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the reality of ethical and bioethical issues in the scientific world through an integrative literature review of articles included in three databases. Seven terms from the thesaurus Health Sciences Descriptors were used, from which three combinations were elaborated and used in the three databases. After applying inclusion requirements, a total of 18 articles were selected. Certain misconducts, particularly plagiarism, falsification and data fabrication, have been showing an increasing behavior, which requires more stringent measures in order to control such phenomenon and maintain scientific credibility before society and authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender dysphoria is a marked mismatch between the sex felt or expressed by an individual and that assigned to them at birth. It is associated with clinically significant discomfort or social impairment and can occur in children, adolescents, and adults. The literature mainly describes three approaches for preadolescents: therapeutic model, watchful waiting, and gender affirmative model. However, there is currently no consensus on its treatment nor any evidence that favors one approach over another. This paper provides a brief review of the existing literature on gender dysphoria, explains various approaches for children, and discusses the anthropological views behind them. We argue that at least two ways of understanding gender identity have given rise to disagreements over the proposed treatments. It is quite important to comprehend the anthropological assumptions on which these models are based since they underlie different conceptions of the person's sex-gender relationship and, therefore, the role of corporality and self-awareness in gender identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By way of notes, comments are made on the validity of some Hippocratic works from the perspective of the learning and practice of medicine in the first decades of the 21st century, amidst a expanding technical-scientific and computer civilization. The paper highlights the affirmation of perennial truths --valid at all times-- extracted from a selection of Hippocratic writings, which express the spirit of classic Greek medicine understood as tekhne iatrike. It was originally conceived as an activity of a rational, human, philanthropic and scientific nature aimed at serving the good of patients, following an ethos and some ethical principles and values of universal range, validity and application. It is proposed that taking in these concepts provides the medicine student with humanity, dignity, moral and intellectual growth, and improves their attitudes and aptitudes, skills and abilities to understand and face multiple existential situations that permeate daily clinical practice. This not only requires professional technical skills, but also humane attributes for better approaching interpersonal relationships with and attitudes towards the patient and their families. These ideas are introduced as a contribution of bioethics, characterized by its humanities-science-technology integration and educational mission of training critical consciences within the techno-scientific civilization, in order to foster respect for and openness towards diverse aspects of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this original paper is to clarify the term "euthanasia", describing the varied conducts wrongly associated with it and distinguishing those that are not euthanasia from the only one that certainly is. Additionally, basic bioethical considerations are presented regarding the terms "euthanasia," "killing" and "letting die," and discussed in relation to conscious and unconscious patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abortion is one of the most serious attacks against intergenerational solidarity because it directly attacks filiation. The diachrony establishes the protection of the weakest and the love between parents and children. This is broken from the attacks on the figure of the child. This paper moves in the concepts and the need to contribute in favor of life in today's society. For this, it is necessary to influence in favor of the dignity of human life in the academic and debate circles, spaces in which the different currents of opinion are created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article asks about the function of clinical ethics. It does so by confronting the assumption that ethics is supposed to help in the solution of concrete problems, relying upon a defined set of principles and rules. The scientific character of such an approach to clinical ethics complements the very understanding of modern medicine as being increasingly scientific and technical; that is, as oriented toward the production of effects. The paper claims that, rather than sharing in the "suspension of meaning" pursued by medicine for the sake of scientific objectivity, the main task of clinical ethics consists of a retrieval, or "anamnesis," of the very questions medicine seems to suspend: the significance of illness and disease, of birth, suffering and death, and of the service to the ethos of generosity that sustains the healing professions. Also, the paper offers a cultural "etiology" of "the suspension of meaning" in ethics, and pleads for a moral reflection that begins with a free and open confrontation with clinical experience. Attending to the moral meaning of concrete situations, the paper argues that formal modes of logical argumentation are only derivative functions of the moral language and, thus, cannot exhaust the broad spectrum of ethical discourse in medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses an ethical analysis of three common cases involving the most popular requests in rhinoplasty. As the nose plays a fundamental role in the aesthetics and physiognomy of the human face, the request for rhinoplasty may be an expression of both subjective discomfort and objective dysfunction. The paper aims, therefore, to fill the gap between qualitative-subjective impressions related to bodily self-perception and its quantitative-objective assessment. Ethical evaluation should start with consideration of the formal object and circumstances of the act, by posing the following question: Is this a real clinical case? Only after an undoubtedly positive answer to this question, should we consider specific case-related aspects; i.e., the best scientific evidence, available nosography and informed consent, before conducting an ethical evaluation of the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate concerning the so-called U.S. Health and Human Services (HHS) Contraception Mandate has been adequately framed, in the academic field, within the traditional ethical doctrine on cooperation with evil. This principle will allow us to conclude whether employers may ethically comply with the onerous existing law or not. The discussion has been quite heated, because the practical conclusions authors have reached vary widely, depending on which interpretation of the theory they rely on. In this paper, some of these explanations are addressed and analyzed from the standpoint of the Thomistic theory of action, which is now the most common point of view. This work concludes that, although the Contraception Mandate will most likely be repealed by the current U.S. administration, as things once stood, compliance with it may have been ethically licit in some cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In intensive care units (ICU) the health team uses all possible measures to preserve the lives of their patients. However, when the therapies are futile, it is decided to limit the therapeutic effort (LET). The objective of this paper is to describe the factors that can lead to nursing to dehumanize their care in patients in LET in ICU. Review of the literature in databases, using the keywords: critical care, intensive care unit, limitation of therapeutic effort, end of life care, humanized / human care, nursing. Results: the findings were grouped into 6 categories that can influence the dehumanization of ICU care. In humanized care the roles of nursing as defender of the patient's interests and as a communicating agent stand out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twentieth century was a century of great scientific discoveries and technological developments in all areas, but particularly with regard to the conquest of space. The last stretch of the millennium also witnessed two world wars and the development of atomic weapons with enormous destructive power, which made doubt many of the possibilities for the future of life on earth. At the end of his life, Albert Einstein said: "The unleashed power of the atom has changed everything except our way of thinking. So we go to a catastrophe unparalleled". It is in this context of concern about the future of life on earth, Van Rensselaer Potter coined the term bioethics, understood as Global Bioethics, a science of survival should combine biological knowledge and human values. For years bioethics was thought closely related to medical ethics and scope of specifically human problems, but in recent years its meaning has expanded in line with the foundational approach Potter of ethics as a bridge to survival life in general. This paper seeks to relate this concern for a science of survival with the existence of the so-called space debris or space junk orbiting Earth and that once unknown, affect small or large areas of our planet. The waste consists of things as varied as large remnants of old rockets and satellites, remnants of explosions, debris or rocket components such as dust and small particles of paint. Space debris, has become a growing concern, especially in recent years, since collisions at orbital velocities can be highly damaging to functioning satellites, produce even more space debris in the process called Kessler Syndrome or waterfall ablation, but the worst would be that such wastes rush to land with not clearly evaluated effects on the human population. To illustrate a recent case of their impact on astronauts and equipment, it is the fact that the International Space Station had to be reinforced to mitigate the damage from this danger. Although the problem usually occurs both in scientific texts and works of science fiction, however it has not been considered with the seriousness required for a real risk and not away from everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fraud in scientific publishing is a drag on the release of research papers, the causes of which should be analyzed. To the reprehensible conduct of researchers who commit fraud one can add the bias the scientific publications and the Internet search engines can introduce to the processes of selection, validation, and calculation of the impact factors of papers already submitted and published. This article offers a reflection on the issue, as a result of related new data having recently been published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence and integration of qualitative research to the biomedical research protocols has become increasingly relevant, due to the importance of cultural anthropology. The particular case of ethnography acquires even more preeminence with regards to the definition of risk for the research subject. This paper presents the main characteristics of ethnographic research to be evaluated by a research ethics committee and defines a series of recommendations for risk assessment for subjects undergoing this type of study. The members of Research Ethics Committees must take ethnography into account in order to fully perform their duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palliative care seeks to offer holistic care in order to provide a better quality of life for the sick, particularly when they are nearing the end of their existence. Delving into the spiritual dimension of the human person is attractive, since it offers answers to the meaning of life. It has been found that spiritual care brings great benefits to patients. That is why in this paper we wish to delve into the importance of the spiritual dimension in palliative care; we highlight the act of listening as a key piece of spiritual care, which shows that the doctors’ burnout is the main obstacle to enhance listening as a suitable provision that is both comforting and healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the users’ perception about their privacy and confidentiality in a hospital, as well as the actions of professionals regarding these issues. It is an exploratory and qualitative study, conducted in a general hospital in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, with 34 users. We carried out a number of semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations with content analysis. The results were grouped in two categories: “Privacy of hospitalized users” and “Confidentiality of hospitalized users”. The respondents showed little mastery on the issues of privacy and confidentiality, while the actions of professionals cast doubt on their knowledge of these ethical issues. The importance of discussion is acknowledged and it is hoped that the results found can subsidize reflections aimed at a more ethical and humane assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean acidification is a growing problem that affects global environment. Its effects are detectable now, putting the most extensive water resource on the planet at risk and influencing the climate changes that can be documented across the globe. This paper analyzes the protection of the sea as a measure to ensure a healthy environment for future generations, guaranteeing a better way of life for them. We present the different principles governing bioethics, and we establish their relationship with the processes of sustainable development and the increase of acidification in the ocean, which affects a large number of communities of scarce resources in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respect for human life is central to medicine. In terminal patients, refractory symptoms are a niche of palliative sedation. This paper identifies, based on scientific evidence, the survival in patients who received palliative sedation as compared to those who didn’t. We conducted a search for systematic reviews from 2000 to 2016, which were methodologically analyzed, and the results were then compared. For methodological reasons, meta-analysis could not be performed. It is concluded that terminal palliative sedation does not shorten patients’ lives. The implementation of the principle of double effect related to the possible shortening of life was reformulated; the unwanted evil is the loss of consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social determinants of mental health with respect to the role of a person's religiosity are examined in this paper, based on personal experience and a review of the literature. The objective is to hypothesize that religiosity can influence a person's mental health through three factors: a sense of moral value, support from a community of faith, and exercise of spirituality. The Medline and SciElo databases were reviewed as of 1990, in English and Spanish, using the keywords: spirituality, belief, religion and social determinants of mental health. The references related to the subject were taken into account as well. The article concludes that it is important in bioethics to incorporate the theme of religiosity as a factor in mental health, based on deliberative dialogue and considering the patient's position as an interlocutor. It also is imperative to bear in mind the support provided by a community of faith that has embraced the virtues of solidarity and acceptance of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to assess a case report in the field of gynecology, starting from an ethical paradigm that relates primarily to the so-called "sources of morality" (objective structure, circumstances, aim). In order to do so, we first will present four ethical paradigms for the evaluation of clinical cases (preference utilitarianism, principlism, ontologically-grounded personalism and Aristotelian/ Thomist objective ethics). After introducing the main aspects of these paradigms and pointing out that what matters in an ethical evaluation is not so much the final judgement, but rather the argument that leads to it, we will assess the case report in light of the chosen paradigm. Lastly, we will outline a possible solution to the problem, starting from the previous ethical evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines and evaluates the models and the most important methods for solving clinical cases; namely, 1) principlism, 2) deontologism, 3) consequentialism, 4) casuistry, 5) virtue ethics and 6) ethics centered on the person (or "personalist" ethics). The strengths and weaknesses of each are weighed and an instrument is proposed to facilitate this type of analysis. As a group, the preference is for a methodology that articulates three models: the virtue approach, the person-centered approach, and these two in harmony with an ethics centered on principles. The reasons for this comprehensive option are based primarily on recognition of the primacy of the dignity of the human person and on acknowledgement that complex clinical situations require a comprehensive view of both the person and clinical practice. The latter requires virtues, ethical principles and recognition of the human person as being endowed with inherent dignity and, in turn, as the foundation of ethics and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits, characterizes and assesses the underlying anthropological framework in the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights. Discourse analysis and an anthropological evaluation of its contents directly related to contemporary bioethics and its most outstanding problems were applied to that end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethical problem of hunger strikes has accommodated competing solutions, even in the context of ethical theories that reject suicide. Some believe the honesty of the subjective goal is enough in itselfto justify the hunger striker's action. Others, although they are a minority, argue a hunger strike is a reprehensible act per se, because it implies a direct attempt on the person's life or health. This paper defends the second interpretation. According to the authors, a hunger strike is a case of intentional suicide. Therefore, it is never in any way licit to perform an act of this nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A current trend in bioethics considers genetic information as family property. This paper uses a logical approach to critically examine Matthew Liao's proposal on the familial nature of genetic information as grounds for the duty to share it with relatives and for breach of confidentiality by the geneticist. The authors expand on the topic by examining the relationship between the arguments of probability and the familial nature of genetic information, as well as the concept of harm in the context of genetic risk. Lastly, they examine the concept of harm in relation to the type of situations w the potential recipient of the information is not the person directly affected by the risk. Keywor ds: genetic information, familiarity, duty to inform, breach of confidentiality, privacy rights, genetic counseling, harm, genetic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research and interventions that are made from the community-based health require criteria and guidelines to address the peculiarities of this work in contrast to disciplines that have developed codes of ethics for their development. Some principles provide key aspects to be taken into consideration, such as dignity and respect, protection, autonomy, distributive justice, equity, interculturality, intersectorality and interdisciplinarity. With these initial considerations, some organizations and institutions have developed guidelines, codes and principles that shape this body of knowledge ideally suited for working in the community health area, although a further elaboration and consolidation of these aspects still needs to be taken more into consideration and included in the initiatives being undertaken in the collectives. This paper does an initial review of the concept of community health and its key elements, to then expose the ethical principles that should guide the work within the community health area and examine some of those that have been proposed by organizations and institutions which, one way or another, work in the field to finally propose some thoughts that contribute to consolidating a bioethics orientation of the research and involvement from the community health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advance directives (also called "living wills") are documents signed by a competent individual providing directives as to the permission to apply or to reject medical treatments in the event that the individual who wrote it may not be in a position to declare his or her will. Despite the good reception from the global bioethics community, their validity has been seriously questioned. In this paper, I intend to analyze in depth the faults mentioned by its detractors and I will try to offer an alternative that is superior to the classic version of these documents and manage to escape the criticism which, for decades, they have been subject to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the Preliminary draft of the Spanish Constitutional Law on Abortion passed by the PP Government by the end of December 2013. The approved preliminary draft has opened a debate within the Spanish society which, according to some, was closed. Indeed, for some, this draft of the Constitutional Law is not necessary because the deadline law had been accepted and not disputed, and, in addition, it suppresses the right women have to decide on their pregnancy; for others, however, it is indeed necessary, as the unborn human being is not legally protected in the current law. Nevertheless, it is my opinion that this Preliminary draft does not sufficiently protect the disabled human being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific publication, so necessary to maintain and circulate research work, is immersed in the inflationary pressure that seems to affect every activity in our contemporary society. More demands on research output, greater dissemination of research work and the need for personal recognition and promotion are the parameters that seem to determine the work of many scientists, pushing them towards the slippery slope of fraud. This paper analyzes its causes, nature and dimensions, so as to contribute, if possible, to creating new and promising paths towards honest research by the scientists of today and tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present different ethical views on homologous insemination. The judgements of the different authors vary according to their preexisting anthropological assumptions. Due to this, the exposition is organized from one or more representatives of the personalist and nonpersonalist philosophical trends. Among personalist authors, some of them are pro and others against homologous insemination, as they consider the method a cooperation or a substitution of the conjugal act. In the end we state our opinion on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a positive, ethical and practical view of traditional and recently developed clinical markers involved in the process of a human life. Several strategies for collaborative work are discussed, with a hopeful eye towards a promising future in which human life can be respected and defended, not only through a purely biological approach, but also with a human and interdisciplinary one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a reflective paper introducing the factors that affect families who have terminally ill patients. It is the result of professional experience and a literature review. The following influencing factors were identified: economic, social, emotional and spiritual. The support of the health team should be directed towards each of these factors in an effort to heighten the family's awareness of the fact that they have a loved one who is in the final stage of life, so the patient can be cared for in the best possible way. El apoyo del equipo de salud debe estar dirigido a cada uno de los factores citados para sensibilizar a la familia que tiene un ser querido en la etapa final de su vida, a fin de que sea atendido de la mejor manera posible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The law on advance directives (LAD) in Mexico City regulates the will or intent of any person not to undergo unnecessarily life-prolonging treatment. Article 8 of the law stipulates the donation of organs for transplant must be manifest. Objective: The aim of this paper is to document knowledge of LAD. Materials and methods: A qualitative study was conducted using a previously validated semi-structured interview. Results: In all, 278 interviews were carried out and 64% of those surveyed were unfamiliar with LAD. Among those who are familiar with LAD (n = 100), only 43% know what it stipulates regarding organ donation. Conclusion: There is an evident lack of knowledge about LAD, because the public has not been duly informed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two apparently irreconcilable positions in response to the question as to whether it is morally permissible to suspend nutritional support to patients in a vegetative state. On the one hand, there is nutrition invariably understood as basic care and, therefore, mandatory. On the other, there is the idea that assisted nutrition is therapy and, consequently, is always optional. Two relevant questions become confused in this discussion: Is assisted nutrition a basic measure or is it a treatment? And, morally speaking, is assited nutrition optional or mandatory? To answer these questions adequately, one must consider the obligation to care each person has with respect to their own health and that of others who are entrusted to our care. Not all treatment under any circumstance should be regarded simply as "optional". In each case, the most appropriate course, from an ethical standpoint, is to judge proportionality. This paper offers a critical review of current positions on the problem of medically assisted nutrition in patients who are in a vegetative state, with special emphasis on thinking rooted in Catholic moral tradition, and proposes a method for analyzing the problem, based on the principle of therapeutic proportionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the legal and moral reasons that prevent the physician from taking a patient's life. Among other reasons, medical doctors do not "kill" their patients because "killing" is not a therapeutic medical act. It does not reestablish the patient's previous state of health, nor does it preserve life. If the state wants to allow euthanasia or assisted suicide, there is no constitutional reason why the relatives of a patient who is ill cannot euthanize or assist the patient in committing suicide. It is they, not the physician, who must answer to society and their own consciences for doing so. The article also offers a clear and precise look at Sentence C-239/97 issued by the Constitutional Court of Colombia and analyses the reasons why some of the articles in Senate Bill 05/07 are inconsistent with that sentence and, therefore, are unconstitutional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of sustainable development refers to the need of human societies to harmonize their economic, social and demographic development with available resources and to preserve the physical environment in order to provide a better living standard for future generations. Unfortunately, that concept is often construed with the false idea that in order to achieve this harmonized and durable development, especially in the Third World countries, it is necessary to reduce the birth rates of these populations, with no respect for ethical norms or the inherent dignity of the human person. The defenders of this idea often, attempt against those values that are inherent to society, including proposals that lead to the disintegration of the family as the natural institution whose essence is not subject to whims or passing fads, not even to the nobler objective of producing a better world for our children. In this paper, apart from underlining the basic and unalienable characteristics that make up the family as a natural institution that must be defended at all costs, the author proposes to show that attempts at demographic control are not only intrinsically unethical, but also not feasible in practice since they will not lead to the sustainable development of the world, but on the contrary produce negative effects that will give rise to a de-humanized society. A proposal is made in favor of the correct application of the concept of sustainable development including the eradication of structural injustices in the world and of misery in the poorer nations, and the defense of the human person and society on the basis of the promotion of the natural family as a key element in any true and effective development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a synthesis of the overall set of judgments pronounced by the Colombian Constitutional Court up to this date, where the subject of conscientious objection has been addressed. This overall vision allows the introduction of findings and conclusions relating to the evolution of the constitutional jurisprudence in this respect. In addition, the close relationship between freedom of conscience and religious freedom can as well be appreciated, this relationship being, as it will be seen, the determinant reason in all the objection cases examined by this court. All the awards and decisions relating to this matter are analyzed, both those pronounced either in the exercise of the abstract control of the constitutionality of the laws or in terms of legal protection ("tutela") of fundamental rights, and not only the ones involving bioethical topics. As per the theoretical frame emanating from these judgments, it can be summarized into the following conclusions: a) The freedom of thought is the power to profess or adhere to a given ideology, philosophy, or cosmic vision. b) Religious freedom involves not only a belief or act or faith, but basically a personal relationship of the individual with God, or divinity or higher spirit or superior being, as translated into supporting or following a given moral system. c) Freedom of conscience is the power to discern between what can be taken as good or bad in moral terms with relation to what we specifically think we must or must not do in a given situation. It is the subjective morality rule. d) The relationship existing between and among the freedoms of thought, conscience and religion consists in the fact that the first one is a consequence of the other two. e) Both freedom of thought and religious freedom involve the opportunity for individuals to achieve coherence between their personal life and the dogmas and beliefs of their own religion or the postulates of their philosophy, ideology or cosmic vision. f) Freedom of thought and freedom of religion can not be mistaken for freedom of conscience, since enrolling in a certain philosophy or religion is not necessary to become able to deliver practical judgments or opinions around what is right or wrong in a specific situation. g) Conscientious objection is the figure that enables any individuals to refuse to perform a given juridical obligations if the related activity implies the performance of actions, conducts or behaviors running contrary to their personal convictions or in any way conflicting with them. As it can be noticed, the conceptual framework established by the jurisprudence with regard to both the definition of the conscientious objection as an exercise of freedom of conscience, and the relationship between this right and the freedoms of thought and religion is clear. But not the application of this theoretical conceptual framework to the solution of particular cases where, as analyzed in this article, the jurisprudence seems to be quite restrictive in some cases and contradictory in others, although in general lines it has evolved towards a broader defense of religious freedom and the use of conscientious objection. The examination of cases includes a brief exposition of the assumptions of fact in the claim for legal protection ("tutela"), or the description of the rules of unconstitutionality demanded each time, as the case may be, as well as the arguments of the plaintiffs, the considerations of the Constitutional Court, and the decisions adopted in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]