Search

Rainstorm is one of the global meteorological disasters that threaten the safety of transportation infrastructure and the connectivity of transportation system. Aiming to support the resilience assessment of transportation infrastructure in three representative regions: Sichuan–Chongqing, Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, rainfall data over 40 years in the three regions are collected, and the temporal distribution of rainfall are analyzed. Prediction equations of rainfall are established. For the purpose of this, the probabilistic density function (PDF) is assigned to the rainfall by fitting the frequency distribution histogram. Using the assigned PDF, the rainfall data are transformed into standard normal space where regression of prediction equations is performed and the prediction accuracy is tested. The results show that: (1) The frequency of rainfall in the three regions follows a lognormal distribution based on which the prediction equations of rainfall can be established in standard normal space. The error of regression shows no remarkable dependence on self-variables, and the significance analysis indicates that the equations proposed in this paper are plausible for predicting rainfalls for the three regions. (2) The Yangtze River Delta region has a higher risk of rainstorm disaster compared to the other two regions according to the frequency of rainfall and the return period of precipitation concentration. (3) Over the period of 1980–2021, the Sichuan–Chongqing region witnessed an increase in yearly rainfall but a decrease in rainstorm disasters, whereas the other two regions experienced a consistent rise in both metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the spatio‐temporal dynamics and influencing mechanisms of technology transfer. Leveraging graph theory, we constructed a patent transfer network to understand its evolving patterns. We redefined technology transfer types, analyzed transition probabilities through Markov chain, and summarized their temporal and spatial shifts. Incorporating spatial and nonspatial methods, we explored the heterogeneity of key drivers, such as GDP and internal R&D expenditures, across regions. Our findings reveal that China's AI technology transfer network transformed from sparse to densely interconnected, with transfer types evolving from singular to diversified directions and objects. Provinces often maintain stability or transition to adjacent types, forming agglomerations of similar transfer types. GDP and internal R&D expenditures emerge as key drivers, exerting distinct impacts across regions. This study offers insights to enterprises and policymakers in developing tailored strategies for promoting technology transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials represent a hydrogen storage technology with broad application prospects. As the global energy crisis and environmental pollution issues become increasingly severe, hydrogen, as a clean and efficient energy source, has garnered growing attention. Magnesium-based hydrogen storage, serving as a crucial means for storing and transporting hydrogen, is gaining prominence due to its abundant resources, low cost, low density, and high hydrogen storage density. However, challenges in terms of absorption/desorption rates, temperature, activation energy, and enthalpy during hydrogen application impede its development. To address these challenges, this paper systematically reviews current research on magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, encompasses their types, characteristics, and hydrogen absorption mechanisms. Furthermore, it delves into the impacts of nanoscale dimensions, alloying, doping, and catalysis on the performance of magnesium-based materials. The aim is to provide valuable insights for research in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion Implication to Clinical Practice Reporting Method Physical frailty (PF) is highly prevalent and associated with undesirable outcomes in stroke survivors aged 65 years or older. However, the long‐term trajectories of PF are understudied in those older stroke survivors.To identify PF trajectories and relative predictors associated with the PF trajectories in older stroke survivors.This is a secondary analysis of a population‐based cohort study in the United States.Six hundred and sixty‐three older stroke survivors from the National Health and Ageing Trends Study from 2015 to 2021 were included. PF was operationally assessed based on the Fried Frailty Phenotype. Trajectories were identified by group‐based trajectory modelling. The associations between sociodemographic characteristics, clinical factors, symptoms, cognitive factors and PF trajectories were examined using the design‐based logistic regression method.Most older stroke survivors were 75 and older (63.32%), female (53.99%), white (80.54%) and partnered (50.64%). Two PF trajectory groups were identified (Group 1: low risk, robust; 49.47%; Group 2: high risk, deteriorating; 50.53%). Individuals were at a higher risk to be assigned to Group 2 if they were 75–84 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.23–3.80) or 85+ years (aOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.52–5.04), had fair self‐reported health (aOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.53–5.07) or poor self‐reported health (aOR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.51–7.52), had comorbidities (aOR: 8.44, 95% CI: 1.31–54.42), had breathing problems (aOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.18–4.02) and had balance problems (aOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.06–2.73).PF trajectories in older stroke survivors were heterogeneous and were associated with age, self‐rated health status, comorbidities, breathing problems and balance problems.Early, routine, dynamic screening for stroke‐related physical frailty (PF) and relative predictors might be beneficial for identifying the most vulnerable individuals. Our findings might help develop strategies to manage PF progression.The reporting followed the STROBE guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spin superconductor state is the spin-polarized triplet exciton condensate, which can be viewed as a counterpart of the charge superconductor state. As an analogy of the charge Josephson effect, the spin Josephson effect can be generated in the spin superconductor/normal metal/spin superconductor junctions. Here we study the spin supercurrent in the Josephson junctions consisting of two spin superconductors with noncollinear spin polarizations. For the Josephson junctions with out-of-plane spin polarizations, the possible π -state spin supercurrent appears due to the Fermi momentum-splitting Andreev-like reflections at the normal metal/spin superconductor interfaces. For the Josephson junctions with in-plane spin polarizations, the anomalous spin supercurrent appears and is driven by the misorientation angle of the in-plane polarizations. The symmetry analysis shows that the appearance of the anomalous spin Josephson current is possible when the combined symmetry of the spin rotation and the time reversal is broken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To precisely control the size of droplets is of great importance for the applications of the droplet microfluidics. In a flow-focusing microdroplet generator, the pressure-driven microfluidic device is designed to control the flow rates of the fluids. For a specific geometry of the flow-focusing microchannel, a mathematical model of droplet formation is established, and the nonlinear relation between the droplet length and the driven-pressure ratio can be described by our model. For pressure-driven microfluidic flows, the nonlinear relation between the droplet length and the driving-pressure ratio is measured experimentally in the flow-focusing microchannel. Particularly, by using the closed-loop control method of droplet generation, good agreements are shown between the measured size of droplets and the predicted size of the droplets. As a result, the control precision of the droplet size can be increased drastically by the closed-loop control method of droplet generation. Consequently, monodisperse droplets of extremely small size can be produced in the flow-focusing microdroplet generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stricture in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) carries a high risk of CD-related surgery in the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of occurrence of CD-related surgery and to determine baseline risk factors predicting subsequent surgery in this patient group. Methods: Patients registered with stricturing CD were included. All baseline and follow-up data were collected retrospectively. Patients attended the clinic for follow-up at week 14 to assess their response to infliximab (IFX). CD-related surgery was the observational endpoint. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used. Results: A total of 123 patients with stricturing CD were included in this study. The cumulative risk of CD-related surgery for years 1–5 after diagnosis was 18.0%, 26.7%, 32.6%, 40.7%, and 46.4%, respectively. Prior gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, low body mass index (BMI), and high platelet count might be risk factors for future CD-related surgery. With 97 participants treated by IFX, prior GI surgery and primary non-response (PNR) to IFX correlated with future CD-related surgery. Conclusion: Prior GI surgery, BMI, and platelet counts were related to future CD-related surgery. Patients who were PNR to IFX had a higher risk of CD-related surgery in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charge transport in quasi‐2D perovskites limits their applications despite the superior stability and optoelectronic properties. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to enhance the charge transport by regulating 3D perovskite phase in quasi‐2D perovskite films. The carbohydrazide (CBH) as an additive is introduced into (PEA)2MA3Pb4I13 precursors, which slows down the crystallization process and improves the phase ratio and crystal quality of the 3D phase. This structure change results in a significant improvement in charge transport and extraction, leading to the device demonstrating an almost 100% internal quantum efficiency, a peak responsivity of 0.41 A W−1, and a detectivity of 1.31 × 1012 Jones at 570 nm under 0 V bias. Furthermore, the air and moisture stability of (PEA)2MA3Pb4I13 films is not deteriorated but gets significantly improved due to the better crystal quality and the passivation of defects by the residual CBH molecule. This work demonstrates a strategy for improving the charge transport properties of quasi‐2D perovskites and also sheds light on solving the stability issue of 3D perovskite films via the proper passivation or additives, which will inspire the fast development of the perovskite community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study explored perspectives of college students with learning disabilities (LD) regarding their self-determination and parental influences on student self-determination during students' transition from high school to postsecondary education. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with 12 college students with LD. Qualitative analyses were conducted to examine students' participation in secondary transition, self-determination behaviors, and parental influences on students' self-determination. The findings identified five important self-determination behaviors (i.e., postsecondary education goal setting and attainment, self-advocacy, being autonomous, self-awareness, and decision-making) students demonstrated in secondary transition. Four themes pertain to parental influences on student self-determination, including encouraging students to be advocates, fostering students' academic competency, showing moral support and high expectations, and providing opportunities for students to make decisions. Recommendations for engaging parents to promote student self-determination are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, substantial advancements have been made in the development of enzyme-free glucose sensors utilizing pristine metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their combinations. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of various MOF-based glucose sensors, encompassing monometallic MOF sensors as well as multi-metal MOF combinations. These approaches demonstrate improved glucose detection capabilities, facilitated by the augmented surface area and availability of active sites within the MOF structures. Furthermore, the paper delves into the application of MOF complexes and derivatives in enzyme-free glucose sensing. Derivatives incorporating carbon or metal components, such as carbon cloth synthesis, rGO-MOF composites, and core–shell structures incorporating noble metals, exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance. Additionally, the integration of MOFs with foams or biomolecules, such as porphyrins, enhances the electrocatalytic properties for glucose detection. Finally, this paper concludes with an outlook on the future development prospects of enzyme-free glucose MOF sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel up-conversion luminescence tetranuclear sodium complex [Na4(5-(carboxymethyl 2-oxo-propyl) amino isophthalic acid)(H2O)9] is synthesized by a solvothermal reaction, and its crystal structure is determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes as a triclinic system with the P 1 ¯ space group and exists as an isolated tetranuclear complex. Numerous intermolecular hydrogen bonds and van der waals forces form a three-dimensional supramolecular network. Solid-state diffuse reflectance data show that there is a wide optical band gap of 2.91 eV. The solid-state photoluminescence spectrum reveals that the complex shows an up-conversion emission in the blue region of the light spectrum. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations reveal that this emission can be attributed to ligand-to-ligand charge transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high‐temperature oxidation resistance of 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steels with Zr contents in the range of 0–1.3607 wt% is investigated at 650 and 800 °C in air. The results show that the oxidation resistance of steels is improved by adding Zr. The oxide layer on the surface of steels after oxidation is mainly composed of MnCr2O4 and Cr2O3, where traces of Mn2O3 and ZrO2 oxides can also be detected there. The oxide layer of steels consists of two layers, that is, the outer Mn‐rich oxides (MnCr2O4, Mn2O3) and the inner Cr‐rich oxides (Cr2O3). For none‐Zr steels oxidized at 650 °C, Cr2O3 oxides are also formed in the outer layer. The addition of Zr promotes the outer oxides to change from Cr2O3 oxides to MnCr2O4 oxides and reduces the growth rate of MnCr2O4 oxides. The effect of Zr on the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of steels can be attributed to its promoting effect on the formation of outer Mn‐rich oxides, which can refine the size of outer Mn‐rich oxides and form a dense outer oxide layer. The dense outer oxide layer can inhibit the inward diffusion of oxygen and improve the oxidation resistance of steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the lubrication performance of polystyrene microspheres (PS) as solid lubricant in drilling fluids, elastic graphite–polystyrene composite microspheres (EGR/PS), montmorillonite–elastic graphite–polystyrene composite microspheres (OMMT/EGR/PS), and polytetrafluoroethylene–polystyrene composite microspheres (PTFE/PS) were prepared by suspension polymerization. OMMT/EGR/PS has a rough surface, while the surfaces of the other three composite microspheres are smooth. Among the four kinds of composite microspheres, the largest particle is OMMT/EGR/PS, and the average size is about 400 μm. The smallest particle is PTFE/PS, and the average size is about 49 μm. Compared with pure water, the friction coefficient of PS, EGR/PS, OMMT/EGR/PS and PTFE/PS reduced by 25%, 28%, 48%, and 62%, respectively. The wear tracks of EGR/PS, OMMT/EGR/PS and PTFE/PS are narrower and smoother than those of pure water. When the content of PTFE is 4.0 wt%, the friction coefficient and wear volume of PTFE/PS are 0.213 and 2.45 × 10−4 mm3—74% and 92.4% lower than that of pure water, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced DNA damage is a major risk factor for skin cancer development. UV-induced redistribution of melanin near keratinocyte nuclei leads to the formation of a supranuclear cap, which acts as a natural sunscreen and protects DNA by absorbing and scattering UV radiation. However, the mechanism underlying the intracellular movement of melanin in nuclear capping is poorly understood. In this study, we found that OPN3 is an important photoreceptor in human epidermal keratinocytes and is critical for UVA-mediated supranuclear cap formation. OPN3 mediates supranuclear cap formation via the calcium-dependent G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and ultimately upregulates Dync1i1 and DCTN1 expression in human epidermal keratinocytes via activating calcium/CaMKII, CREB, and Akt signal transduction. Together, these results clarify the role of OPN3 in regulating melanin cap formation in human epidermal keratinocytes, greatly expanding our understanding of the phototransduction mechanisms involved in physiological function in skin keratinocytes. The G protein-coupled receptor Opsin 3 is critical for supranuclear cap formation mediated by solar ultraviolet radiation in human epidermal keratinocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Reports of Mycobacterium colombiense infection are extremely rare and are often overlooked. • We first report the clinical features of disseminated M. colombiense infection. • Patients infected with M. colombiense can present as disseminated infections. • Metagenomic next-generation sequencing plays a crucial role in early diagnosis of M. colombiense infection. • Early antinontuberculous combination therapy improves the clinical prognosis. Localized or disseminated infection caused by different nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species has been increasingly reported in recent years, but reports of Mycobacterium colombiense infection are extremely rare. Herein, we analyzed the clinical features of patients with disseminated M. colombiense infection. Patients diagnosed with disseminated M. colombiense infection between February 4, 2016 and August 25, 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. NTM infection was diagnosed in 248 HIV-negative patients. Of these, nine patients with disseminated M. colombiense infection were enrolled. Five of these patients were positive for anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies. The lung, lymph nodes, bones, and joints were the most commonly involved organs. Anemia, fever, lymphadenopathy, cough and expectoration, and ostealgia were the most common symptoms. The levels of white blood cells and neutrophils were increased in eight patients. M. colombiense was detected by both metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and culture in four patients and only by mNGS in the remaining five patients. All patients received combination anti-NTM therapy; five underwent surgery. The condition of eight patients improved, and one died during the treatment. Patients infected with M. colombiense can present as disseminated infections, easily involving multiple organs, such as the lung, lymph nodes, bone, and joints, with fever, lymphadenopathy, and increased white blood cell and neutrophil counts. mNGS plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of M. colombiense infection. Once diagnosed, timely and effective anti-NTM therapy, combined with local surgery if necessary, can improve the prognosis of patients with this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: According to the different characteristics of patients and cervical lymph node metastasis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer, the marginal mandibular branches of facial nerves were treated by different surgical procedures, and the safety and protective effects of different surgical procedures were investigated. Methods: One hundred ninety-seven patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer satisfying the inclusion criteria were selected. According to the different characteristics of patients and cervical metastatic lymph nodes, three different surgical procedures were used to treat the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve: finding and exposing the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerves at the mandibular angles of the platysma flaps, finding and exposing the marginal mandibular branches of facial nerves at the intersections of the distal ends of facial arteries and veins with the mandible, and not exposing the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerves. The anatomical position, injury, and complications of the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerves were observed. Results: The marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerves were found and exposed at the mandibular angles of the platysma flaps in 102 patients; the marginal mandibular branches of facial nerves were found and exposed at the intersections of the distal ends of the facial arteries and veins with the mandibles in 64 patients; the marginal mandibular branches of facial nerves were not exposed in 31 patients; among them, four patients had permanent injury of the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerves, and temporary injury occurred in seven patients. There were statistically significant differences in the protection of the mandibular marginal branch of the facial nerve among the three different surgical methods (P = 0.0184). The best protective effect was to find and expose the mandibular marginal branch of the facial nerve at the mandibular angle of the platysma muscle flap, and the injury rate was only 2.94%. Conclusion: The three different surgical procedures were all safe and effective in treating the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerves, the best protective effect was to find and expose the mandibular marginal branch of the facial nerve at the mandibular angle of the platysma muscle flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submental island flap has certain advantages in repairing postoperative defects of oral cancer, and it can often achieve similar or even better effects compared with those of the free tissue flap. In this study, according to the different characteristics of patients and postoperative defects of oral cancer, submental island flaps with different states of vascular pedicle were prepared, and its repair methods, safety, and clinical effects in treating postoperative defects of oral cancer were investigated. 83 patients with oral cancer who met the inclusion criteria were selected. According to the different characteristics of the patients and postoperative defects of oral cancer, the traditional submental island flap vascular pedicle was modified into three different states: submental artery perforator flap, vascular pedicled flap with the anterior belly of digastric muscle but without the submandibular gland (SIF with anterior belly of DM), and vascular pedicled flap with the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the submandibular gland (SIF with anterior belly of DM and SG). The types of the submental artery and the drainage vein, flap survival, and complications, were observed. The flap was successfully harvested for all patients, and the submental artery could be found or separated for all of them, with the venous drainage to the internal jugular vein in 57 (57/83, 68.67%), to the external jugular vein in 18 (18/83, 21.69%), and to the anterior jugular vein in eight (8/83, 9.64%) cases. Submental artery perforator flap was used for 11 cases, complete necrosis occurred in two cases (2/11, 18.18%), partial necrosis occurred in one case (1/11, 9.09%); SIF with anterior belly of DM was used for 49 cases, complete necrosis occurred in one case (1/49, 2.04%), partial necrosis occurred in four cases (4/49, 8.16%); SIF with anterior belly of DM and SG was used for 23 cases, including chimeric flap combining the submental island flap and the submandibular gland used for 15 cases, there were no cases of complete or partial necrosis. Submental island flap was effective in repairing postoperative defects of oral cancer. Submental island flaps with three different states of vascular pedicle could repair oral cancer-affected tissues with different defect characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High titers of anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) are an important factor leading to persistent, relapsed, and refractory infections in HIV-negative hosts infected with Talaromyces marneffei (TM). We report 5 patients treated with pulses of high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY) who were followed for 2 years. Before IVCY therapy, all patients had multiple relapses, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 2 (1–3) instances of relapse. The median serum AIGA titers (IQR) were 58 753 (41 203–89 605) ng/mL at diagnosis, 48 189.4 (15 537–83 375) ng/mL before IVCY therapy, and 10 721.2 (5637–13 245) ng/mL at the end of IVCY therapy (P <.05). After 3 months of follow-up, the median AIGA titers (IQR) rose gradually to 21 232.6 (9896–45 626) ng/mL, and to 37 464.2 (19 872–58 321) ng/mL at 24 months (P <.05). Five patients discontinued antimicrobial therapy within 3–12 months after completion of IVCY therapy, but only 1 patient had a relapse. In conclusion, pulses of short-term and high-dose IVCY can effectively reduce AIGA titers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opsin 3 (OPN3), a member of the light‐sensitive, retinal‐dependent opsin family, is widely expressed in a variety of human tissues and plays a multitude of light‐dependent and light‐independent roles. We recently identified five missense variants of OPN3, including p. I51T, p. V134A, p. V183I, p. M256I and p. C331Y, in human melanocytic tumours. However, it remains unclear how these OPN3 variants affect OPN3 protein structure and function. Herein, we conducted structural and functional studies of these variant proteins in OPN3 by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we performed in vitro fluorescence calcium imaging to assess the functional properties of five single‐nucleotide variant (SNV) proteins using a site‐directed mutagenesis method. Notably, the p. I51T variant was not able to effectively dock with 11‐cis‐retinal. Additionally, in vitro, the p. I51T SNVs failed to induce any detectable changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration at room temperature. Taken together, these results reveal that five SNVs in the OPN3 gene have deleterious effects on protein structure and function, suggesting that these mutations, especially the p. I51T variant, significantly disrupt the canonical function of the OPN3 protein. Our findings provide new insight into the role of OPN3 variants in the loss of protein function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk assessment (RA) belongs to the core parts of an organizational risk management process. The primary goals of a RA are the identification, estimation and prioritization of risk(s) to organizational operations. The existing quantitative analysis of RA is focusing on the risk factors, that is, threat or vulnerability. However, the quantitative metrics of the assessment have not been formally defined and modeled yet. Consequently, it is essential to define a formal model and relevant security metrics for RA within an organization. In this study, we will use a complete lattice to analyze risk factors. Moreover, a formal model will be defined to describe the RA process. The reachability of the model will be discussed. Quantitative metrics will be defined to provide insight on the risk estimation. The model can be expressed using colored Petri nets. This study can assist chief information security officers analyze security risks in their organizations and help them balance the security budget in their organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An antenna decoupling method based on modal control is proposed in this paper. Different from the previous characteristic mode decoupling methods, which excite one of the characteristic modes from each port, a pair of decoupling modes is excited simultaneously at each port. To validate our method, a head‐to‐head antenna pair is analyzed and designed. According to the characteristic mode analysis, an inductor‐loaded coupled sheet is introduced for the head‐to‐head antenna pair. Thus, the resonant frequencies of decoupling modes can be tuned individually. To further demonstrate the flexibility of our design, an eight‐element multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna composed of two integrated four‐element blocks is designed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed antennas show good impedance matching, isolation, and diversity performance varying from 3.35 to 3.71 GHz. Both simulated and measured results show the 8 × 8 MIMO system can achieve isolations of better than 11.5 dB and envelope correlation coefficients of less than 0.2 of each port. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fetal head circumference (HC) is an important biometric parameter that can be used to assess fetal development in obstetric clinical practice. Most of the existing methods use deep neural network to accomplish the task of automatic fetal HC measurement from two‐dimensional ultrasound images, and some of them achieved relatively high prediction accuracy. However, few of these methods focused on optimizing model efficiency performance. Our purpose is to develop a more efficient approach for this task, which could help doctors measure HC faster and would be more suitable for deployment on devices with scarce computing resources. Methods: In this paper, we present a very lightweight deep convolutional neural network to achieve automatic fetal head segmentation from ultrasound images. By using sequential prediction network architecture, the proposed model could perform much faster inference while maintaining a high prediction accuracy. In addition, we used depthwise separable convolution to replace part of the standard convolution in the network and shrunk the input image to further improve model efficiency. After getting fetal head segmentation results, post‐processing, including morphological processing and least‐squares ellipse fitting, was applied to obtain the fetal HC. All experiments in this work were performed on a public dataset, HC18, with 999 fetal ultrasound images for training and 335 for testing. The dataset is publicly available on https://hc18.grand‐challenge.org/ and the code for our method is also publicly available on https://github.com/ApeMocker/CSM‐for‐fetal‐HC‐measurement. Results: Our model has only 0.13 million [M] parameters and can achieve an inference speed of 28 [ms] per frame on a CPU and 0.194 [ms] per frame on a GPU, which far exceeds all existing deep learning‐based models as far as we know. Experimental results showed that the method achieved a mean absolute difference of 1.97(± 1.89) [mm] and a Dice similarity coefficient of 97.61(± 1.72) [%] on HC18 test set, which were comparable to the state of the art. Conclusion: We presented a very lightweight deep learning‐based model to realize fast and accurate fetal head segmentation from two‐dimensional ultrasound image, which is then used for calculating the fetal HC. The proposed method could help obstetricians measure the fetal HC more efficiently with high accuracy, and has the potential to be applied to the situations where computing resources are relatively scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of active ingredients and new activities of industrial crops could expand their scope of applications. Liriodendron chinense (L. chinense), an important ornamental and economic forest tree in China, has been widely used in timber, medicine and landscape. Flavonoids are major constituents of L. chinense leaves, while their effects of preventing brain damage are still unclear. In this study, flavonoids from L. chinense leaves (LCLF) were obtained through AB-8 resin chromatography and UPLC-MS/MS assay indicated that 16 compounds were identified from LCLF. LCLF treatment showed significant scavenging activities against DPPH•, ABTS•+, •OH, FRAP and total reducing power. D-galactose-impaired exploratory behaviors, cognitive functions and histopathological alterations in hippocampus of mice were obviously recovered by LCLF administration. Network pharmacology results demonstrated that LCLF could produce the healing efficacy through multiple pathways, mostly related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Further i n vivo experiments revealed that LCLF treatment could regulated MDA content, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activity, as well as the production of inflammatory factors (NO, IL-1β and IL-6). The underlying mechanisms of LCLF were probably related to Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB and AMPK/SIRT1 pathways. Molecular docking results and surface plasmon resonance analysis validated that especially hesperidin in LCLF had strong binding activities with all 8 genes in the mentioned pathways. Our study revealed the beneficial effects of LCLF on oxidative activity and D-galactose-induced brain injury, offering experimental support for its potential application in pharmaceutical and other industries. [Display omitted] • LCLF was a flavonoid-rich fraction from L. chinense leaves. • LCLF showed significant scavenging capacities against different radicals. • LCLF prevented D-galactose-induced brain injuries via AMPK/SIRT1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways. • Hesperidin in LCLF had strong binding activities with 8 genes in the mentioned pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system, and thrombosis-associated genes are related to its occurrence and progression. Univariate Cox and LASSO regression analysis were utilized to develop a new prognostic signature based on thrombosis-associated genes. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and HALLMARK were used for functional annotation of risk signature. ESTIMATE, MCP-counter, xCell, and TIMER algorithms were used to quantify immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) was used for selecting potential drug compounds. Risk signature based on thrombosis-associated genes shows moderate performance in prognosis prediction. The functional annotation of the risk signature indicates that the signaling pathways related to the cell cycle, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and immune suppression are rich in the high-risk group. Somatic mutation analysis shows that tumor-suppressive gene TP53 and oncogene PTEN have higher expression in low-risk and high-risk groups, respectively. Potential drug compounds are explored in risk score groups and show higher AUC values in the low-risk score group. A nomogram with valuable prognostic factors exhibits high sensitivity in predicting the survival outcome of GBM patients. Our research screens out multiple thromboses-associated genes with remarkable clinical significance in GBM and further develops a meaningful prognostic risk signature predicting drug sensitivity and survival outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermal melanocytes sense solar light via the opsin‐coupled signaling pathway which is involved in a range of biological functions, including regulating pigmentation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. However, it remains unclear whether there are genetic variants within these opsins that affect opsin protein structure and function, and further melanocyte biological behaviors. Here, we examined single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) of five opsin (RGR, OPN1SW, OPN2, OPN4, and OPN5) genes in MM (malignant melanoma; n = 76) and MN (melanocytic nevi; n = 157), using next‐generation sequencing. The effects of these pathogenic single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) on opsin structure and function were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, dynamic cross‐correlation (DCC), and site‐directed mutagenesis. In total, 107 SNV variants were identified. Of these variants, 14 nonsynonymous SNVs (nsSNVs) of opsin genes were detected, including three mutations in the RGR gene, three mutations in the OPN1SW gene, two mutations in the OPN2 gene, and six mutations in the OPN4 gene. The effect of these missense mutations on opsin function was then assessed using eight prediction tools to estimate the potential impact of an amino acid substitution. The impact of each nsSNV was investigated using MD simulations and DCC analysis. Furthermore, we performed in vitro fluorescence calcium imaging to assess the functional properties of nsSNV proteins using a site‐directed mutagenesis method. Taken together, these results revealed that p.A103V (RGR), p.T167I (RGR), p.G141S (OPN1SW), p.R144C (OPN1SW), and p.S231F (OPN4) had more deleterious effects on protein structure and function among the 14 nsSNVs. Opsin gene alterations showed the low frequency of missense mutations in melanocytic tumors, and although rare, some mutations in these opsin genes disrupt the canonical function of opsin. Our findings provide new insight into the role of opsin variants in the loss of function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

aimed to investigate the value of prenatal ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of fetal space-occupying lesions in the adrenal gland. Methods: Thirty-six fetuses with adrenal gland space-occupying lesions diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography between January 2019 and July 2021 were included in this retrospective study. The clinical data, ultrasonographic features, treatments, and prognoses of the fetuses were analyzed. Postnatal diagnoses were made using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical resection. Results: Of the 36 fetuses, 10 were diagnosed with adrenal hematomas, eight with adrenal neuroblastomas, seven with adrenal cysts, seven with subphrenic pulmonary sequestration, and four with adrenal teratomas. The accuracy of prenatal diagnosis was highest in those with adrenal cysts and subphrenic pulmonary sequestration, with the accuracy being 85.7% for both conditions. The mean gestational age at first detection of subphrenic pulmonary sequestration was 22.5 ± 3.1 weeks, which was significantly lower than that of other diagnoses (P < 0.05), and the mean diameter of adrenal cysts was 15.1 ± 4.2 mm, which was significantly smaller than that of other lesions (P < 0.05). All newborns with adrenal teratomas and neuroblastomas were treated surgically. Five of the seven patients with subphrenic pulmonary sequestration and three of the seven patients with cysts were also treated surgically. Follow-ups of the remaining cases were carried out by enhanced CT examination, and the prognoses were good. Conclusion: Prenatal ultrasonography can help differentiate between different types of fetal adrenal space-occupying lesions, and there is a high coincidence rate between the diagnosis of adrenal cysts and subphrenic pulmonary sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultra-long V 2 O 5 nanobelts were prepared by the improved PVD method. The performance of V 2 O 5 nanobelts photodetectors modified with Pt NPs was investigated from visible to near-infrared region, and the mechanism of enhancing the performance of V 2 O 5 nanobelts photodetectors modified by Pt NPs was revealed. [Display omitted] • Large-scale and ultra-long V 2 O 5 nanobelts have been prepared. • The property of the V 2 O 5 nanobelt photodetector is enhanced by modification with Pt NPs. • The mechanism of the formation of Schottky barrier by Pt modification is revealed. • The Pt NPs-modified V 2 O 5 nanobelt photodetector exhibits excellent performance. Schottky-contacted nanosensors have attracted extensive attention due to their high sensitivity and fast response time. In this article, we proved that the construction of Schottky contact by Pt nanoparticles (NPs) decoration can effectively improve the performance of V 2 O 5 nanobelts photodetectors. After modified by Pt NPs, the photocurrent of V 2 O 5 nanobelts is increased by more than two orders of magnitude, and the photoresponse speed is improved by at least three orders of magnitude. Detailed studies have shown that the performance enhancement is attributed to the formation of the Schottky contact at the electrode-semiconductor interface due to the decrease of surface gas adsorption and the increase of V 2 O 5 work function after Pt NPs modification. The strong built-in field in the Schottky barrier region will quickly separate photogenerated carriers, thereby reducing the electron-hole recombination rate, resulting in the fast response time and an increase in the free carrier density. Moreover, it is found that this enhancement effect can be regulated by controlling the pressure to modulating the Schottky barrier height at the interface. Overall, the Pt NPs-modified V 2 O 5 nanobelts photodetector exhibits a broad response spectrum (visible to near infrared), fast rise/fall response time (less than 6.12/6.15 ms), high responsivity (5.6 A/W), and high specific detectivity (6.9 × 108 Jones). This study demonstrates the feasibility of building a Schottky barrier to enhance the photodetection performance, which provides a general and effective strategy towards the construction and its practical application of supersensitive and fast-response nanosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instead of learning in a passive learning mode or aimlessly exploring VR scenarios, a collaborative design-based VR learning environment has great potential for developing classrooms. Through personal knowledge construction in a collaborative design-based learning (CDBL) environment, this study combines CDBL and VR technology to motivate students to build VR projects and practice speaking English in rich contexts through learning by design; students gradually generate knowledge from design experience and sufficient practice. Peer assessment was further introduced to enhance timely evaluation and reflection. Therefore, this study proposed a VR-supported collaborative design-assessing activity. 113 Chinese seventh-graders participated in a quasi-experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of this method. Compared to the collaborative design-assessing (CDA) activity, the results demonstrated that students in the VR-supported collaborative design-assessing (VR- CDA) activity greatly enhanced their English-speaking performance, collaboration tendency, and critical thinking awareness while lowering their English learning anxiety. In contrast to the VR-supported collaborative design (VR- CD) activity, however, the VR- CDA group activity did not significantly improve students' English-speaking performance. The interview results proved that the students in the VR-CDA group were highly motivated to learn English because of the innovative classroom instruction. They also enjoyed designing the projects collaboratively, posting assessments, and self-reflection. • A virtual reality-supported collaborative design-assessing activity was proposed. • A three-group experiment was conducted in Chinese middle school English courses. • The approach promoted English-speaking performance and reduced learning anxiety. • The approach boosted collaboration tendency, and critical thinking awareness. • Students who took the approach tended to be more motivated to learn English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the incidence of and potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after non-ionic iodinated contrast media (NICM) administration for CT exams in out-patient settings in China.A total of 473,482 out-patients who underwent intravenous NICM between January 1st, 2017, and Dec 31st, 2021, were retrospectively enrolled from three institutions. The occurrence of ADRs and clinical information were recorded. Chi-square test, Poisson regression, and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate potential ADR risk factors and correlation with demographics, season, and NICM type.Among the 473,482 patients (mean age 55.22 ± 14.85; 253,499 male) who received intravenous NICM, the overall ADR incidence was 0.110% (522 of 473,482), with 0.099% acute-related drug reactions (469 of 473,482) and 0.0004% serious ADRs (two of 473,482). Iopromide was associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more frequently observed with iodixanol 320. Multi-level logistic regression of patients with acute ADRs and a control group (matched 1:1 for age, gender, NICM, prescriber department, and institution) showed that summer (adjusted OR = 1.579; p = 0.035) and autumn (adjusted OR = 1.925; p < 0.001) were risk factors of acute ADRs. However, underlying disease and scanned body area were not related to a higher ADR incidence.The use of NICM for out-patients is in general safe with a low ADR incidence. The type of contrast medium (iopromide) and the seasons (summer and autumn) were associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more often observed with iodixanol.In comparison to in-patients, out-patients may be exposed to higher risk due to a lack of extensive risk screening, less nursing care, and higher throughput pressure. Safety data about NICM from a large population may complement guidelines and avoid ambiguity.• The incidence and risk factors for adverse events after using non-ionic iodinated contrast media are complex in out-patients.• Non-ionic iodinated contrast media are safe for out-patients and the overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was 0.110%.• There is a higher risk of acute adverse drug reactions in summer and autumn.Materials and methods: This study aimed to explore the incidence of and potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after non-ionic iodinated contrast media (NICM) administration for CT exams in out-patient settings in China.A total of 473,482 out-patients who underwent intravenous NICM between January 1st, 2017, and Dec 31st, 2021, were retrospectively enrolled from three institutions. The occurrence of ADRs and clinical information were recorded. Chi-square test, Poisson regression, and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate potential ADR risk factors and correlation with demographics, season, and NICM type.Among the 473,482 patients (mean age 55.22 ± 14.85; 253,499 male) who received intravenous NICM, the overall ADR incidence was 0.110% (522 of 473,482), with 0.099% acute-related drug reactions (469 of 473,482) and 0.0004% serious ADRs (two of 473,482). Iopromide was associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more frequently observed with iodixanol 320. Multi-level logistic regression of patients with acute ADRs and a control group (matched 1:1 for age, gender, NICM, prescriber department, and institution) showed that summer (adjusted OR = 1.579; p = 0.035) and autumn (adjusted OR = 1.925; p < 0.001) were risk factors of acute ADRs. However, underlying disease and scanned body area were not related to a higher ADR incidence.The use of NICM for out-patients is in general safe with a low ADR incidence. The type of contrast medium (iopromide) and the seasons (summer and autumn) were associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more often observed with iodixanol.In comparison to in-patients, out-patients may be exposed to higher risk due to a lack of extensive risk screening, less nursing care, and higher throughput pressure. Safety data about NICM from a large population may complement guidelines and avoid ambiguity.• The incidence and risk factors for adverse events after using non-ionic iodinated contrast media are complex in out-patients.• Non-ionic iodinated contrast media are safe for out-patients and the overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was 0.110%.• There is a higher risk of acute adverse drug reactions in summer and autumn.Results: This study aimed to explore the incidence of and potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after non-ionic iodinated contrast media (NICM) administration for CT exams in out-patient settings in China.A total of 473,482 out-patients who underwent intravenous NICM between January 1st, 2017, and Dec 31st, 2021, were retrospectively enrolled from three institutions. The occurrence of ADRs and clinical information were recorded. Chi-square test, Poisson regression, and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate potential ADR risk factors and correlation with demographics, season, and NICM type.Among the 473,482 patients (mean age 55.22 ± 14.85; 253,499 male) who received intravenous NICM, the overall ADR incidence was 0.110% (522 of 473,482), with 0.099% acute-related drug reactions (469 of 473,482) and 0.0004% serious ADRs (two of 473,482). Iopromide was associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more frequently observed with iodixanol 320. Multi-level logistic regression of patients with acute ADRs and a control group (matched 1:1 for age, gender, NICM, prescriber department, and institution) showed that summer (adjusted OR = 1.579; p = 0.035) and autumn (adjusted OR = 1.925; p < 0.001) were risk factors of acute ADRs. However, underlying disease and scanned body area were not related to a higher ADR incidence.The use of NICM for out-patients is in general safe with a low ADR incidence. The type of contrast medium (iopromide) and the seasons (summer and autumn) were associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more often observed with iodixanol.In comparison to in-patients, out-patients may be exposed to higher risk due to a lack of extensive risk screening, less nursing care, and higher throughput pressure. Safety data about NICM from a large population may complement guidelines and avoid ambiguity.• The incidence and risk factors for adverse events after using non-ionic iodinated contrast media are complex in out-patients.• Non-ionic iodinated contrast media are safe for out-patients and the overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was 0.110%.• There is a higher risk of acute adverse drug reactions in summer and autumn.Conclusion: This study aimed to explore the incidence of and potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after non-ionic iodinated contrast media (NICM) administration for CT exams in out-patient settings in China.A total of 473,482 out-patients who underwent intravenous NICM between January 1st, 2017, and Dec 31st, 2021, were retrospectively enrolled from three institutions. The occurrence of ADRs and clinical information were recorded. Chi-square test, Poisson regression, and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate potential ADR risk factors and correlation with demographics, season, and NICM type.Among the 473,482 patients (mean age 55.22 ± 14.85; 253,499 male) who received intravenous NICM, the overall ADR incidence was 0.110% (522 of 473,482), with 0.099% acute-related drug reactions (469 of 473,482) and 0.0004% serious ADRs (two of 473,482). Iopromide was associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more frequently observed with iodixanol 320. Multi-level logistic regression of patients with acute ADRs and a control group (matched 1:1 for age, gender, NICM, prescriber department, and institution) showed that summer (adjusted OR = 1.579; p = 0.035) and autumn (adjusted OR = 1.925; p < 0.001) were risk factors of acute ADRs. However, underlying disease and scanned body area were not related to a higher ADR incidence.The use of NICM for out-patients is in general safe with a low ADR incidence. The type of contrast medium (iopromide) and the seasons (summer and autumn) were associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more often observed with iodixanol.In comparison to in-patients, out-patients may be exposed to higher risk due to a lack of extensive risk screening, less nursing care, and higher throughput pressure. Safety data about NICM from a large population may complement guidelines and avoid ambiguity.• The incidence and risk factors for adverse events after using non-ionic iodinated contrast media are complex in out-patients.• Non-ionic iodinated contrast media are safe for out-patients and the overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was 0.110%.• There is a higher risk of acute adverse drug reactions in summer and autumn.Clinical relevance statement: This study aimed to explore the incidence of and potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after non-ionic iodinated contrast media (NICM) administration for CT exams in out-patient settings in China.A total of 473,482 out-patients who underwent intravenous NICM between January 1st, 2017, and Dec 31st, 2021, were retrospectively enrolled from three institutions. The occurrence of ADRs and clinical information were recorded. Chi-square test, Poisson regression, and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate potential ADR risk factors and correlation with demographics, season, and NICM type.Among the 473,482 patients (mean age 55.22 ± 14.85; 253,499 male) who received intravenous NICM, the overall ADR incidence was 0.110% (522 of 473,482), with 0.099% acute-related drug reactions (469 of 473,482) and 0.0004% serious ADRs (two of 473,482). Iopromide was associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more frequently observed with iodixanol 320. Multi-level logistic regression of patients with acute ADRs and a control group (matched 1:1 for age, gender, NICM, prescriber department, and institution) showed that summer (adjusted OR = 1.579; p = 0.035) and autumn (adjusted OR = 1.925; p < 0.001) were risk factors of acute ADRs. However, underlying disease and scanned body area were not related to a higher ADR incidence.The use of NICM for out-patients is in general safe with a low ADR incidence. The type of contrast medium (iopromide) and the seasons (summer and autumn) were associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more often observed with iodixanol.In comparison to in-patients, out-patients may be exposed to higher risk due to a lack of extensive risk screening, less nursing care, and higher throughput pressure. Safety data about NICM from a large population may complement guidelines and avoid ambiguity.• The incidence and risk factors for adverse events after using non-ionic iodinated contrast media are complex in out-patients.• Non-ionic iodinated contrast media are safe for out-patients and the overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was 0.110%.• There is a higher risk of acute adverse drug reactions in summer and autumn.Key Points: This study aimed to explore the incidence of and potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after non-ionic iodinated contrast media (NICM) administration for CT exams in out-patient settings in China.A total of 473,482 out-patients who underwent intravenous NICM between January 1st, 2017, and Dec 31st, 2021, were retrospectively enrolled from three institutions. The occurrence of ADRs and clinical information were recorded. Chi-square test, Poisson regression, and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate potential ADR risk factors and correlation with demographics, season, and NICM type.Among the 473,482 patients (mean age 55.22 ± 14.85; 253,499 male) who received intravenous NICM, the overall ADR incidence was 0.110% (522 of 473,482), with 0.099% acute-related drug reactions (469 of 473,482) and 0.0004% serious ADRs (two of 473,482). Iopromide was associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more frequently observed with iodixanol 320. Multi-level logistic regression of patients with acute ADRs and a control group (matched 1:1 for age, gender, NICM, prescriber department, and institution) showed that summer (adjusted OR = 1.579; p = 0.035) and autumn (adjusted OR = 1.925; p < 0.001) were risk factors of acute ADRs. However, underlying disease and scanned body area were not related to a higher ADR incidence.The use of NICM for out-patients is in general safe with a low ADR incidence. The type of contrast medium (iopromide) and the seasons (summer and autumn) were associated with a higher risk of acute ADRs. Late ADRs were more often observed with iodixanol.In comparison to in-patients, out-patients may be exposed to higher risk due to a lack of extensive risk screening, less nursing care, and higher throughput pressure. Safety data about NICM from a large population may complement guidelines and avoid ambiguity.• The incidence and risk factors for adverse events after using non-ionic iodinated contrast media are complex in out-patients.• Non-ionic iodinated contrast media are safe for out-patients and the overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was 0.110%.• There is a higher risk of acute adverse drug reactions in summer and autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rising environmental concerns, particularly air quality, the emission regulations for non-road mobile machinery are becoming increasingly strict. Real-time emission prediction from diesel engines is significant for emission control and regional pollution estimation. This study aims to develop a machine learning model and optimize its hyperparameters by using a hyperparameter optimization method to NO X emission. Firstly, we collected NO X emission data from test under the non-road transient test cycle (NRTC) and built a significant dataset to choose a best model. Then, the model was trained by dataset and the hyperparameters were automatically optimized by combining Bayesian and Population based training. The accuracy of the optimized was indicated by an R2 value of 0.9784 with the 8 input features. The relative error in the cycle level was 1.3%. Lastly, the quality of NO X emissions during the cycle and the effect of each parameter on NO X emissions were analyzed. The results show that the model is able to predict the real-time concentration changes of NO X more accurately. It can provide a reference for the research and development of emission control technology for non-road mobile machinery. [Display omitted] • Construct a highly accurate NOx emission prediction model based on data-driven methods. • The combination of Population Based Training and Bayesian optimization method improves the model accuracy. • The relative error in the cycle level was 1.3%. • NOx emission has a good correlation with rotational speed, torque and exhaust temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A series of N-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives were synthesized. • IC 50 of 7l were 0.83, 2.12, 3.12, and 8.61 on MV4-11, HT29, MCF-7, HeLa. • 7l was less toxic on normal embryonic kidney cells HEK293 with high selectivity index. • 7l showed potent and similar CDK2 inhibitory activity to AZD5438 with an IC 50 of 64.42 nM. • 7l caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The discovery and development of CDK2 inhibitors has currently been validated as a hot topic in cancer therapy. Herein, a series of novel N -(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives were designed and synthesized as potent CDK2 inhibitors. Among them, the most promising compound 7l presented a broad antiproliferative efficacy toward diverse cancer cells MV4-11, HT-29, MCF-7, and HeLa with IC 50 values of 0.83, 2.12, 3.12, and 8.61 μM, respectively, which were comparable to that of Palbociclib and AZD5438. Interestingly, these compounds were less toxic on normal embryonic kidney cells HEK293 with high selectivity index. Further mechanistic studies indicated 7l caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, 7l manifested potent and similar CDK2/cyclin A2 nhibitory activity to AZD5438 with an IC 50 of 64.42 nM. These findings revealed that 7l could serve as a highly promising scaffold for CDK2 inhibitors as potential anticancer agents and functional probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gas maldistribution of the large proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack leads to the deterioration of power performance. This numerical investigation studies the gas flow rate distribution in anode of two U-type stacks (a 15-cell stack and a 140-cell stack) which are composed of the same type of unit fuel cells. The anode gas channels of the two stacks are regarded as porous medium whose characteristic parameters are determined from pressure drop test data. To consider the nitrogen permeation from cathode to anode gas channel during the purging process, an expression of an additional momentum source term is proposed which helps to better fit the simulation results with pressure drop test data. Results show that the anode of the 140-cell stack has a quite good flow distribution uniformity. However, its asymmetric feed header of the manifold structure still has some negative effect. The same 140-cell stack installed with a rotational symmetric feed header is investigated and the simulation result shows that it can reduce the original maximum non-uniformity by about 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oolong tea belongs to semifermented tea, which is popular for its unique aroma, and green‐making is the key step of oolong tea aroma formation. o reduce the labor consumption of the traditional green‐making method (TG), a fully automatic processing method –continuous low‐speed green‐making method (CG) is proposed. However, the differences in the chemical changes and quality development between the two methods remain unclear. Comparing the results of the two green‐making methods, we found that the content of water extract, tea polyphenols, and catechins of the leaves decreased, with CG more than TG; free amino acid content increased, with CG more so than TG; purine alkaloid content remained stable. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis found that the aroma components of CG changed less than TG during the green‐making period. Combined with the sensory evaluation results, it shows that CG is a new technology suitable for oolong tea processing. Novelty impact statement: TG and CG showed similar overall change chemical changes; however, the degrees of these changes differed.The sensory evaluation score of continuous low‐speed green‐making method (CG) oolong was slightly higher than TG.Continuous low‐speed green‐making method (CG) is a new technology suitable for oolong tea processing and has a good application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses play a core role and encompass the main workforce in health care systems. Their role model of health promoting lifestyle behaviors (HPLB) would directly or indirectly affect their clients' beliefs or attitudes of health promotion. There is limited evidence on HPLB in clinical registered nurses. The current study aimed to explore the HPLB and associated influencing factors among clinical registered nurses in China. Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted in 2020. Participants were asked to complete social demographic information as well as the revised Chinese edition of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). Independent-Sample T-Test, One-Way ANOVA, and categorical regression (optimal scaling regression) were the main methods to analyze the relationship between demographic data and the score of HPLB. Results: 19,422 nurses were included in the study. The mean score of self-actualization, health responsibility/physical activity, nutrition, job safety, interpersonal support, and overall Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile were, 27.61(5.42) out of a score of 36, 22.71(7.77) out of a score of 44, 10.43(2.97) out of a score of 16, 22.05(3.97) out of a score of 28, 20.19(4.67) out of a score of 28, and 102.99 (19.93) out of a score of 144, respectively. There was a significant relationship among Hospital levels, working years, nightshift status, and monthly income per person, and mean score of all subscales and the overall HPLP (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Nurses who participated in the study presented a moderate level of health promoting lifestyle behaviors. Hospital levels, working years, nightshift status, and monthly income per person were predictors for all subscales and overall HPLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further the argument for the consideration of advising as a high‐impact practice, there is a need for the organization of knowledge surrounding advising. This chapter contributes to the ongoing efforts to chronicle the landscape of literature on the scholarship, administration, and practice of advising. Summarization of the major themes found in empirical and best practices literature, as well as a synthesis of learning from advising‐related reports is provided alongside the introduction of a typology that draws from Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model in an effort to organize research approaches to advising in the field of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: OPN3 upregulation associated with metastasis was recently described in two subtypes of lung cancers. And OPN3 identified in light‐independent functions in epidermal melanocytes has already shown promise. However, in malignant melanocytic tissues, the expression and characterization of OPN3 remain uncharacterized. Objectives: We investigated the clinico‐histopathologic features in relation to OPN3 expression of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), which is a rare cutaneous melanoma subtype and not associated with prior sunlight exposure. Methods: In all, 84 samples of junctional melanocytic nevi (JMN, n = 12), primary ALMs (n = 39) and inguinal lymph node metastasis (ILNM, n = 23) from ALMs were evaluated for the immunohistochemical expression of OPN3. OPN3 messenger RNA and protein level were further determined in melanocytic tumors using quantitative real‐time PCR, multiimmunofluorescence and Western blot assays. We also estimated the associations OPN3 expression between clinicopathological features and prognosis. Results: ILNMs, in contrast to JMN and ALMs, had higher OPN3 expression scores (p <.001) by immunohistochemistry analysis. High OPN3 score was associated with presence of ulceration, increased Breslow depth and Clark level (p =.025, p =.042, and p =.012, respectively). Furthermore, a remarkable difference (p =.037) of patient overall survival was found when comparing the OPN3 expression of immunohistochemical score between equal to or larger than 100 and below 100 groups. Also, Cox regression models showed that high OPN3 scores were associated with worse melanoma survival. Conclusion: High OPN3 expression is significantly associated with ALMs and metastatic phenotype as well as a poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Information about global and local epidemiology and trends of skin cancers is limited, which increases the difficulty of cutaneous cancer control. Methods: To estimate the global spatial patterns and temporal trends of skin cancer burden. Based on the GBD 2019, we collected and analyzed numbers and age‐standardized rates (ASR) of skin cancer incidence, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality (ASIR, ASDR, and ASMR) in 204 countries from 1990 through 2019 were estimated by age, sex, subtype (malignant skin melanoma [MSM], squamous‐cell carcinoma [SCC], and basal‐cell carcinoma [BCC]), Socio‐demographic Index (SDI), region, and country. Temporal trends in ASR were also analyzed using estimated annual percentage change. Results: Globally, in 2019, there were 4.0 million BCC, 2.4 million SCC, and 0.3 million MSM. There were approximately 62.8 thousand deaths and 1.7 million DALYs due to MSM, and 56.1 thousand deaths and 1.2 million DALYs were attributed to SCC, respectively. The men had higher ASR of skin cancer burden than women. The age‐specific rates of global skin cancer burden were higher in the older adults, increasing trends observed from 55 years old. Geographically, the numbers and ASR of skin cancers varied greatly across countries, with the largest burden of ASIR in high SDI regions. However, an unexpected increase was observed in some regions from 1990 to 2019, such as East Asia, and Sub‐Saharan Africa. Although there was a slight decrease of the ASMR and ASDR, the global ASIR of MSM dramatically increased, 1990–2019. Also, there was a remarkable increase in ASR of BCC and SCC burden. Conclusions: Skin cancer remains a major global public health threat. Reducing morbidity and mortality strategies such as primary and secondary prevention should be reconsidered, especially in the most prevalent and unexpected increased regions, especially for those areas with the greatest proportions of their population over age 55. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption UiO-66 for preconcentration, matrix separation, slurry sampling and hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of trace bismuth in alloy and water samples. [Display omitted] • UiO-66 for efficient extraction of Bi(III) within 10 min from alloy, seawater, and river water samples. • Bi(III)-adsorbed UiO-66 re-suspended for simplified slurry sampling and HG-AFS determination. • High tolerance of transition metals like Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(III). • Reliable analytical results for trace bismuth determination in high-purity iron alloy and seawater. The determination of trace bismuth in environmental or alloy samples are rather challenging due to the low abundance and interferences arising from complicated sample matrix including heavy metals. In this work, Zr-based metal organic frameworks (UiO-66) was prepared and utilized to selectively extract Bi(III) from water samples or digests of iron alloy. Following simple centrifugation separation, Bi(III)-adsorbed UiO-66 was re-suspended in dilute hydrochloric acid for direct slurry sampling and in-situ hydride generation for atomic fluorescence spectrometric (HG-AFS) detection of bismuth. Experimental conditions affecting the adsorption of Bi(III) on UiO-66 as well as the slurry sampling HG-AFS process were carefully investigated. Under the experimental conditions, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ng/mL was achieved for bismuth. Inspiringly, the method could resist interferences from transition metals like Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(III), and this ensured reliable analytical results for the determination of trace bismuth in high-purity iron alloy, seawater, and river water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation in student peer leader roles, roles in which more senior students serve as mentors and educators to their peers, have continued to grow in their application and importance to institutions of higher education around the globe. Using a theoretical approach based in Legitimate Peripheral Participation and drawing from the International Survey of Peer Leaders, our paper explored the role of the quality and quantity of participation in important outcomes of the college experience: leadership development, skill development, and academic success. The results showed that the number of hours per week spent on peer leadership activities and the total number of peer leadership positions contributed to positive quality of engagement and enhanced students’ academic outcomes, overall leadership skills, and career readiness. Moreover, findings showed that the quality of engagement moderated the influences of the quantity of participation particularly for measures of academic success. As students develop relationships with faculty, staff, and peers throughout their time in peer leader roles and feel a deepening sense of connection and belonging to the college or university, students in peer leader roles become fuller participants in the academic community and, as a result, develop the knowledge, skills, and ways of doing, thinking, knowing, and being that are critical for student success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Variable-diameter wheels can adapt well to both road and soft terrain. • Chained beam-constraint-model obtains spring deflections and hub rotation angle. • Screw transmission mechanism varies the wheel diameter and rotation. • Simple geometric relationships yield the dimensional parameters of the mechanism. Compliant variable-diameter mechanisms enable adaptation of variable-diameter wheels to both road and soft terrain. Conventional compliant variable-diameter mechanisms, in which every wheel-foot is an independent load-bearing structure, rely heavily on rigid-body mechanisms. To overcome the structure restriction and improve their performances, we introduce a novel compliant mechanism in which circumferentially distributed leaf springs or combination springs with large deformation range are used as flexible components. The springs constitute the closed outer ring and the overall load-bearing structure in the wheel. A novel screw transmission mechanism was designed to achieve motions with two degrees of freedom. Based on the geometric relationships, a dimensional design method for the mechanism is proposed. The chained beam-constraint-model and integration methods are introduced to obtain the spring deflections and maximum hub rotation angle. These methods can be used for further design of the transmission mechanism. The wheel design is then verified experimentally. The results indicate that the required design targets were achieved. Thus, the proposed mechanism diversifies the structure type and design of compliant mechanisms and expands the applicability of variable-diameter wheels in mobile platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infant call structure should have evolved to elicit maximum maternal attention and investment. Neonates of giant pandas produce three types of vocalizations reported to be vitally important in the context of mother–infant communications. However, how cubs, 0–15 days old, communicate with their mothers to elicit maternal care remains unknown. We analyzed 12 different call parameters of 3475 squawks, 1355 squalls, and 491 croaks from 11 captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) neonates from age 0 to 15 days. In playback experiments, we also tested whether mothers could detect ultrasound. Our results show that neonates use broadband calls with ultrasonic frequencies up to 65 kHz to convey information about their physiological needs and to attract maternal care. In playback experiments, we tested if mothers reacted differently to broadband calls (BBC) than to artificially altered calls that included only frequencies <20 kHz (AUDC) or calls that included only frequencies >20 kHz (USC). Playback confirmed that, although adult females responded significantly less often to USC, BBC than to or AUDC, they could detect USC, BBC and generally made appropriate behavioral responses, indicating a potential benefit for neonates to utilize ultrasonic and broadband frequencies. Our findings provide a new insight into mother–infant communication in giant pandas and will be helpful for reducing the mortality of cubs, younger than 1 month old, in captivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The characteristics of surface-based morphological patterns to primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN) are still not well understood. This study aims to screen the useful cortical indices for the prediction of PTN and the quantification of pain severity. Methods: Fifty PTN patients and 48 matched healthy subjects enrolled in the study from March 2016 to August 2021. High-resolution T1 data were performed at 3.0 Tesla scanner and were analyzed with FreeSurfer software to detect the abnormalities of cortical mean curve (CMC), cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), and cortical volume (CV) in PTN patients compared to healthy controls. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine whether certain morphological patterns could predict PTN disorder. Then, the relationships of cortical indices to the pain characteristics in patient group were examined using linear regression model. Results: Distinctive cortical alterations were discovered through surface-based analysis, including increased temporal CMC, decreased insular CT and fusiform SA, along with decreased CV in several temporal and occipital areas. Moreover, the difference of temporal CMC was greater than other cortical parameters between the two groups, and the combination of certain morphological indices was of good value in the diagnosis for PTN. Besides, CT of left insula was negatively associated with the pain intensity in PTN patients. Conclusion: The patients with PTN demonstrate distinctive morphological patterns in several cortical regions, which may contribute to the imaging diagnosis of this refractory disorder and be useful for the quantification of the orofacial pain. Clinical trials: The registry name of this study in https://clinicaltrials.gov/: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia (MRI-TN) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ID: NCT02713646 A link to the full application: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02713646&cntry=&state=&city=&dist= The first patient with primary trigeminal neuralgia was recruited on November 28, 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wideband and high-isolation mobile phone antenna pair with low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) for fifth-generation (5G) smartphone applications based on four orthogonal modes is proposed in this communication. According to the characteristic mode analysis, except for the original two resonant modes, the other two resonant modes are introduced by arranging a metallic strip at the top of the vertical bezel. With the help of dual-mode excitation and orthogonal property, wideband and high-isolation merits are achieved for the shared radiator antenna pair. Finally, four antenna modules are deployed along the long edge of the system circuit board to form an 8 × 8 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. The measured results prove that the impedance matching bandwidth of the fabricated prototype ranges from 3.3 to 5 GHz while the isolation level is higher than 17.5 dB. The antenna efficiencies are higher than 45% and 48% for the two different antenna elements. Guaranteed by the orthogonal relationship between different characteristic modes, the extremely low ECC (< 0.04) is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the ameliorating effects of a natural antioxidant formula (NAF) consisting of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid, ferulic acid, flaxseed oil, vitamin E, and vitamin B 12 on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive dysfunction model in rats. Six-week-old rats received a diet containing 0.5% (w/w) NAF for 38 days from Day 1, and LPS (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally once daily on Days 8 and 10. On Day 11, LPS alone increased interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and the numbers of M1-type microglia/macrophages and GFAP+ reactive astrocytes in the hilus of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. NAF treatment decreased brain proinflammatory cytokine levels and increased the number of M2-type microglia/macrophages. During Days 34–38, LPS alone impaired fear memory acquisition and the extinction learning process, and NAF facilitated fear extinction learning. On Day 38, LPS alone decreased the number of type-3 neural progenitor cells in the hippocampal neurogenic niche, and NAF restored the number of type-3 neural progenitor cells and increased the numbers of both immature granule cells in the neurogenic niche and reelin+ hilar interneurons. Thus, NAF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorated LPS-induced adverse effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and fear memory learning, possibly through amplification of reelin signaling by hilar interneurons. These results suggest that neuroinflammation is a key factor in the development of LPS-induced impairment of fear memory learning, and supplementation with NAF in the present study helped to prevent hippocampal neurogenesis and disruptive neurobehaviors caused by neuroinflammation. • Natural antioxidant formula (NAF) suppressed LPS-induced neuroinflammation in rats. • NAF facilitated fear extinction learning, opposing LPS-induced impaired learning. • NAF ameliorated LPS-induced impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis. • Amplification of reelin signaling might ameliorate LPS-induced impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Screening of immune genes of Coptotermes formosanus by genome analysis increases the number of known immune genes. • Metarhizium anisopliae and nematodes induce a significant change in the expression of about 10 immune genes. • Most of immune genes affected by M. anisopliae and nematodes shows a significant decrease in the expression level. • The lethal effect of M. anisopliae on termites significantly increases after inhibition of Cf PGRP-SC1, Cf SCRB3 and CfHemocytin. In recent years, the use of microbes to control termites has attracted increasing attention. It was found that pathogenic bacteria, nematodes, and fungi effectively control termites under laboratory conditions. However, their effects have not been replicated in the field, and one reason for this is the complex immune defense mechanisms of termites, which are mainly regulated by immune genes. Therefore, altering the expression of immune genes may have a positive influence on the biocontrol efficacy of termites. Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki is one of the most economically important termite pests worldwide. Currently, the large-scale identification of immune genes in C. formosanus is primarily based on cDNA library or transcriptome data rather than at the genomic level. In this study, we identified the immune genes of C. formosanus according to genome-wide analysis. In addition, our transcriptome analysis showed that immune genes were significantly downregulated when C. formosanus was exposed to the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae or nematodes. Finally, we found that injecting dsRNA to inhibit three immune genes (CfPGRP-SC1 , CfSCRB3 , and CfHemocytin), which recognize infectious microbes, significantly increased the lethal effect of M. anisopliae on termites. These immune genes show great potential for C. formosanus management based on RNAi. These results also increase the number of known immune genes in C. formosanus which will provide a more comprehensive insight into the molecular basis of immunity in termites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) are regarded as potential alternatives to keratinocytes (KCs) used for skin wound healing. Light is an alternative approach for inducing stem cell differentiation. Opsins (OPNs), a family of light‐sensitive, G protein‐coupled receptors, play a multitude of light‐dependent and light‐independent functions in extraocular tissues. However, it remains unclear whether the light sensitivity and function of OPNs are involved in light‐induced differentiation of hAESCs to KCs. Herein, we determine the role of OPNs in differentiation of hAESCs into KCs through cell and molecular biology approaches in vitro. It is shown that mRNA expression of OPN3 in the amniotic membrane and hAESCs was higher than the other four primary OPNs by RT‐qPCR analysis. Changes in OPN3 gene expression had a significant impact on cell proliferation, stemness and differentiation capability of hAESCs. Furthermore, we found a significant upregulation of OPN3, KRT5 and KRT14 with hAESCs treated at 3 × 33 J/cm2 irradiation from blue‐light LED. Taken together, these results suggest that OPN3 acts as a positive regulator of differentiation of hAESCs into KCs. This study provides a novel insight into photosensitive OPNs associated with photobiomodulation(PBM)‐induced differentiation in stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The oxidation and laminar combustion characteristics of natural gas were experimental tested. • A new construction method of the reduced mechanism of natural gas was proposed. • A reduced mechanism containing 40 species and 189 reactions of natural gas was formed. • The reduced mechanism can predict well the characteristics of oxidation, ignition delay and laminar combustion of natural gas. The oxidation process in the flow tube reactor and the laminar combustion process in the constant volume combustion bomb of natural gas (0.9 methane/0.07 ethane/0.03 propane, mole fraction) were experimental tested. Furthermore, a reduced reaction mechanism (including 40 species and 189 reactions) of natural gas was developed based on the Aramco 2.0 mechanism by combining the path sensitivity analysis, rate of production analysis, reaction path analysis and the decoupling method. The results show that, in the oxidation process of natural gas, with the equivalence ratio increasing, the starting and ending temperatures for oxidation reaction of natural gas are increased, the reaction temperatures corresponding to CO generation and consumption are higher, and the amount of NO production is decreased. In the the laminar combustion process of natural gas, with the initial temperature and oxygen content increasing or the initial pressure, CO 2 and H 2 O contents decreasing, the laminar flame speed is increased. Through comparing with the calculated results by the Aramco 2.0 mechanism and the corresponding test data, the reduced reaction mechanism can well predict the oxidation, ignition delay and laminar combustion characteristics of natural gas under various conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Castleman disease (CD) is clinically divided into unicentric CD (UCD) and multicentric CD (MCD). Hyaline-vascular variant (HV) is the most common pathological type of UCD, while the plasma cell type (PC) is the most common type of MCD and thus, hyaline-vascular variant multicentric CD (HV-MCD) is a rare type of CD. In addition, its etiology has remained elusive. The present study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 3 patients diagnosed as HV-MCD admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (Guangxi, China) between January 2007 and September 2020. A total of 2 males and 1 female were admitted. The areas involved varied considerably. Respiratory symptoms were seen in 3 cases, along with fever, weight loss and splenomegaly. Damage to the skin and mucous membranes resulted in oral ulcers when accompanied by paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). Dry and wet rales were found in all patients. All 3 cases were complicated with PNP and had hypoxemia and obstructive ventilation dysfunction. In accordance with PC-MCD, it manifested as lymph node enlargement and may involve several lymph nodes. Computed tomography mainly indicated bronchiectasis and mediastinal lymph node enlargement. In 1 case, chemotherapy failed after local mass excision, 1 case remitted after chemotherapy but the lung lesion was irreversible and 1 case was untreated and soon died of respiratory failure. The cases of HV-MCD with pulmonary involvement were induced by small airway lesions and associated with poor prognosis. Respiratory symptoms along with systemic symptoms were common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We quantify different ecological indicators and obtain ecological security pattern and key regions. • Landscape connectivity is used to identify priority protected areas that meet future requirements. • We quantify the effectiveness of existing protected areas and identify isolated protected areas. • Future conservation measures are proposed from the perspectives of different priority conservation areas. Protected areas (PAs) play a key role in mitigating ecological crises. Currently, priority protected areas (PPAs) focus on biological conservation, and a few studies have considered the connectivity between patches. Few studies have formulated future conservation measures from the two dimensions of ecological security pattern (ESP) and reserve effectiveness. To fill this gap, this study considered the use of the ESP to identify areas that meet future conservation objectives. We take the Wuhan metropolitan area as the research area. We constructed a framework for formulating conservation development plans based on priority protected areas. The framework constructed a complete method system, and we focused on the construction of the evaluation index system based on landscape connectivity. Then, the effectiveness of the PAs could be evaluated, and the PPAs could be identified. The results showed that there were five isolated PAs among the existing PAs. Moreover, the total area of PPAs was 9328.91 km2, and they had high connectivity and ecological value. Due to the low protection rate of PPAs, PPAs are not the main protection target of PAs; thus, we take PPAs as a new area of future PAs. According to our plan, PPAs with different classes will achieve different functions in future protection work. Our framework focuses on achieving sustainable conservation and formulates new environmental protection and land planning measures to balance ecological conservation and urban development. It can provide key information to support the realization of the 2030 vision of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption capacity and gas sensing mechanism of Ru 3 -modified SnS 2 monolayer toward four representative dissolved gases in insulating oil (H 2 , CO, C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 4) was investigated based on first-principles calculations. It can be found that Ru 3 -modified SnS 2 monolayer exhibits excellent gas sensing application prospect as an innovative gas detector to dissolved gases in insulating oil due to its outstanding adsorption properties. [Display omitted] • The optimal structure of Ru 3 -modified SnS 2 monolayer is Ru atom adsorbed above the T Sn site of pristine SnS2 monolayer. • Ru 3 -modified SnS 2 exhibits significantly better conductivity compared to the pristine SnS 2. • Results of desorption time further demonstrate the excellent application prospect of Ru 3 -SnS 2 monolayer in monitoring representative dissolved gases in insulating oil such as H 2 , CO, C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 4. Using gas sensitive materials to monitor the dissolved gas in transformer oil online can effectively evaluate the working state of oil immersed transformer. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was adopted to analyze the adsorption energy, charge transfer, density of states, band structure and desorption so as to understand the adsorption and sensing behavior of four representative dissolved gases in insulating oil (H 2 , CO, C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4) by Ru 3 -SnS 2. The outcomes indicate that the Ru 3 -SnS 2 has strong adsorption effect for CO, C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 4 , but weak adsorption effect for H 2. This study provides theoretical direction for exploring the application prospect of Ru 3 -SnS 2 in the operation condition evaluation of oil immersed transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]