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The inaugural issue of the Ayine newspaper was published on August 18th, 1921 in Istanbul. It was published weekly, on Thursdays and continued with 72 issues. Although, the sub-title of "Ayine" mentions that "it is a humorous newspaper", it would be more accurate to call it a "journal" as it is produced once a week. Yusuf Ziya signed four of the portrait poems in "Ayine" with the penname "Çimdik," while Faruk Nafiz signing as "Çamlıbel" wrote one. They also published one each under their names as "Yusuf Ziya Bey/Portraits" and "Faruk Nafiz Bey/Portraits". This paper transcribed seven portrait poems from the magazine's early issues into Latin letters, and assessed them in light of the writers' personal histories and personas. In particular, the paper tried to determine the humorous element in the poems and nalyse the lements of humor. The examined portrait poems were then compared with the portrait poems written in previous periods, by poets/personalities who were generally loved, considered masters and respected. Thus, one of the aims of the study was to examine how contemporary poets use verse to expose each other's weaknesses/flaws of poets/personalities. This study, therefore, is unique in that it demonstrates via examples how portrait poetry may also be used to address the flaws of the subject's cherished personalities in addition to the praise and glorification of those individuals. The poems under discussion are especially significant since they are original poems at the intersection of under-picture poetry and portrait poetry traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdulhamid II, one of the longest reigning sultans of the Ottoman Empire, was dethroned in 1909 after his reign that lasted for about thirty-three years. During his reign, he was exposed to negative accusations and ascriptions in the western public opinion because of the measures taken by him firstly in the Balkan Crisis in the mid-1870's, and then, especially in the Armenian Rebellions of 1890's. For Abdulhamid II, being constantly alienated as the Ottoman Sultan, it was used improper expressions like "Red Sultan", "Great Assassin" and "Abdul the Damned". Newspapers became the main element highlighting this negative image in the western public opinion. The similarity can be observed in the newspapers published by the members of the Young Turk movement. As the opponents of the Sultan, negative publications were made against the Ottoman Sultan in newspapers and magazines firstly published in the Ottoman geography and then in many places abroad, causing the image of Abdulhamid II to develop in a negative way. Abdulhamid II, who was called as "exsultan" after his dethronement both in the Ottoman and western newspapers, lived for nine years in exile at first in Thessaloniki and then at Beylerbeyi Palace. After his death in February 1918, he was reported in the Ottoman newspapers as "hakan-i mağfur/forgiven Sultan" and in the foreign newspapers as "death sultan". In this paper, it is aimed to examine the reflections of the death of Abdulhamid II in the national and foreign newspapers. Ottoman newspapers such as Ati, İkdam, Sabah, Tanin, Tasvir-i Efkar, Tercüman-ı Hakikat, Servet-i Fünun and Vakit and the leading newspapers of British, French and American presses constitute the sources of study. In this frame, it is aimed to describe firstly how Abdulhamid's death and funeral ceremony were portrayed, and secondly to determine whether there is any negative/positive change in their perception of the Sultan image in Turkish and foreign newspapers. Thus, it could be possible to compare Turkish and foreign newspapers' approach towards Abdulhamid after nine years of his dethronement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on Assyrian magazines and newspapers initially published within the Ottoman era and extending into the Turkish Republic while in addition covering the exile activities pushed by Assyrians originating from Ottoman and/or Turkish geography. The first magazines started to be published here. However, the first emerging cultural activities came to an abrupt end with the beginning of World War I and the Christian persecutions and massacres that accompanied it. Leading intellectual figures had to leave the country or were killed. Many emigrated intellectuals of that era were able to follow up on the journalistic activities of the pioneers of the Ottoman period and founded newspapers and magazines in exile. The migration from Turkey led to the establishment of Assyrians and their organizations in the diaspora resulting in increased activities in the field of journalism. This article will provide a comprehensive compilation in the sense of an inventory and a corresponding brief description/profiling of the main publications that can be attributed to contributions and efforts of Assyrians whose roots lie in Anatolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the Sorush newspaper published in Istanbul as a case of Iranian journalism in exile, this paper seeks to shed light on one aspect of Persian journalism in the constitutional period. On the eve of the 1906 Constitutional Revolution, Persian journalism entered into a critical phase that flourished outside the country. Istanbul, Calcutta, Cairo and London were the centres where Iranian intellectuals developed their critical ideas through this modern media. Inspired by these ideas, the Constitutional Revolution prepared an unprecedented situation for Iranian journalists to develop their flourishing career inside the country. It was in this period that a distinguished constitutionalist and intellectual Ali Akbar Dehkhoda began his journalistic career. Together with Mirza Jahangir Khan Shirazi, he began to publish Sur-e Esrafil, which presented a straightforwardly critical voice against Qajar despotism. Yet the passing flame of political freedom died out by the restoration of despotism and forced Dehkhoda and some of his colleagues to leave their homeland. He first went to Switzerland and then to Istanbul, where he continued his career in exile and published a new Persian-language newspaper by the name of Sorush. An analysis of this short-lived newspaper allows us to identify three pivotal concerns in its pages: advocacy of constitutionalism, opposition to imperialism and defending Iran's independence and territorial integrity, and the last but not the least, reflecting on Iran's first experience in constitutionalism. Indeed, for Dehkhoda and his colleagues in Sorush of İstanbul, securing an independent and well-integrated Iran was the most critical issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Second World War, Greece's German occupation brought forth a number of resistance organizations. Towards the war's end right and leftist organizations engaged in a power struggle that caused the beginning of the Civil War (1944-1949). Turkish minority had a hard time due to communist gangs' activities. Communist gangs, raiding villages, engaged in armed conflict against government forces. During this period the Turkish minority collaborated with the Greek government. Eventually, the Greek government declared amnesty and after 1947 a Cleansing Operation began. With the Cleansing Operation, communist gangs were hit hard. With the establishment of a supreme war court, trials commenced. The Greek state helped to ameliorate the damage caused by the militants. However, the Turkish minority did not benefit enough from the war reparations. Apart from the difficulties brought about by the Civil War, taxes and bad weather conditions caused the economic deterioration of the Turkish minority. On the other hand, Turkish organizations could not continue their activities. The multiplicity of problems finally had an impact on education in the Western Thrace Turkish schools, interrupted by the militant activities. As a result of the damages, Western Thrace Turks started migrating across the border to Turkey. This paper will utilize the Thrace newspaper published in Xanthi to discuss the impact of the militant activity on the economic and social life of Western Thrace Turks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the relations between the readers or "customers" and the Anatoli newspaper which forms the most important representative of the periodical press in Karamanlidika and also is one of the oldest and long lived newspapers of the Ottoman Empire. Topics like the number of the subscribers, the "freeloaders", those customers who paid late or incomplete their subscription fees, the representatives in the country were not discussed only as sources that caused financial distress to the paper threatening to hamper its development but also as elements enabling us to understand the experience itself of publishing a newspaper and reading it in the second half of the nineteenth century late Ottoman context. Also these elements enable us to better evaluate the ideological impact of the newspaper concerning the Turkish speaking Anatolian Orthodox. These reveal many things about the nature, ideological content and limitations of Karamanlidhika journalism and most importantly that this literary production was seen by the contemporaries themselves as a transitory phase that will cease to exist when the Turkish speaking Anatolian Orthodox will "regain" completely their "lost" language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]