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Globalization is a phenomenon that has significant effects in many areas such as socio-economic, political, cultural etc. of the last century. With globalization, consumption habits may also change. As a matter of fact, it can be stated that the effects of globalization on food security are also a subject that needs to be addressed and examined. From this point of view, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of globalization and economic growth on food security for MIST countries between 1970 and 2019. Food production index was taken as a food safety indicator. In empirical analysis, CADF unit root test, Durbin-Hausman cointegration test, and AMF coefficient estimator were used. As a result of the analysis, a cointegration relationship was found between globalization, economic growth and food security in MIST countries. Furthermore, while economic growth has a positive and statistically significant effect on food security, globalization has a statistically significant but negative effect on food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today we live in a global world. Perhaps most of us could not have imagined that the modern world would reach this level. The development of the internet and technology is bringing the people in the world and the countries they live closer to each other in every field. Some of us can say that these developments have many good aspects. But we must admit that there are bigger problems than we've never experienced before. Especially when we consider the increase in consumption, our destruction of nature and other living species, and the increasing number of poor and hungry people in the world became more visible. With climate change, the gradual decrease in clean water resources, increase in drought, decrease in the amount of harvest, etc., hunger-poverty continues to increase day by day. What can we do in the face of these problems? Will humanity be able to find a way out to these problems, which will have great consequences in a short time? Philosophers like Peter Singer have tried to develop an ethical life in which we can make the world more livable in the face of our global problems, rather than being passive and hopeless. In this paper, we will discuss Singer's proposal for global ethical life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to set an historical view for the positive and negative aspects of globalization and to define the role of "knowledge" in the process. Approach of this paper, is reviewing the discussions on globalization and adapting those concerns to knowledge sharing. Today, the possibility of free and fair sharing of scientific, technological and cultural knowledge is rather high. The network form of relationships caused and supported by that, is merely what defines the step of globalization process enduring, just like the invention of wheel in the beginning of agricultural age and steam vessel and trains in beginning of industrial age. This construction may solve many problems of humanity caused by prejudice and differences by sharing of the knowledge since it may lead to mutual values, views, acceptance and culture. Thus, freedom and equality to access knowledge beyond cultural and social boundaries may lead to divergent social structures to learn to live with each other. One can say that, the realization of the dream of peaceful world depends on the equal control of information resources. On the other hand, just like what is seen in economical and social aspects of globalization, global knowledge may also support the heterogeneous social constructs which may carry new conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is investigate the influence of shopping malls, which are the samples of modern life and consumerism, on local culture. In this paper one of the qualitative methods, an ethnographic method, is used. One of the biggest shopping malls in the World, Dubai Mall in the UAE was taken as an example. Semi structured questions, which are about their idea on Dubai Mall, were asked to 150 interviewers, who are Emirati citizens. This paper shows that shopping malls have changed the routine of the traditional life and citizens' behavior in Dubai. The result of the study demonstrates even very conservative and traditional societies have changed at the age of globalization. The shopping malls have penetrate the daily life of Emiratis and guide them in accepting of new identities and attitudes which represent Western culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The globalization of the economy and the communication systems beyond the nation-states encourages consumer citizens to participate actively in politics. Through the Internet, which is a global communication system, political communication becomes stronger and it is possible for citizens to be a part of the democratic society.This work gives particular reference to Manuel Castells' works that illuminate the relationship between information society, communication and globalization, and emphasizes the increasing personalization of politics as a result of the strengthening of digital networks, the diversification of the media. From this framework of Castells, as a result, the leadership has become more personalized. Today, politicians can easily and instantly communicate with millions of people. Politicians do not have to organize large rallies for big expenses. Instead, it is necessary for policy makers to understand, to use the dynamics of network society, and to benefit the social media and other means of communications within the Internet.In this context, the focus of the study is to make sense of the relationship between the dynamics of political communications and global communication systems. The aim of this study is to try to understand how political communication works with global media and especially Internet with a critical perspective in the light of wider economic, social and political issues.In this article, New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern will be presented as an exemplary leader in terms of communications. This paper concludes that, political leaders should be capable, selfconfident, respecting the differences of others and able to cope with virtual reality in the global era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization, which recontructs development with egalitarian expressions, leads many attempts throughout international arena. Right to Development, one of the these attempts, is set on legal basis with the Declaration of Right to Development by United Nations in 1986. It is also recurred through other international conventions and so it gained its currency. Approaches regarding right to development depend mostly on the human rights for its content and reflect assumptions which seek equality, participation and social justice on global scale. In terms of the thoughts that it contains, the concept's itself is supported all around the World but it is criticised at the same time. It can be said that the nature of right to development has become interrogable as the result of the criticisms and neo-liberal globalization. In line with the main approaches and contradictions around them, this paper handles development and right to development concepts critically depending on the criticisms towards neo-liberal globalization. The emphasis underlined by this study is that the approaches to development are contradictionary in terms of globalization consequences and the right to development is away from being egalitarian. As the result of this conflict, it is argued that neo-liberal globalization induces new problems reinforcing existing inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of globalization while values all over the world are changing, the values of nations or societies are being assimilated and getting lost under the name of this process. Globalization emerges as an occupation mechanism by disrupting the order of national values and the national identities by superseding the law. When social rules remain only on a paper, instead of structuring human lives we see that they do not even apply to it and nor do they bring about a criticism to the system which is called the abstract law. To be able to criticize the ineffectiveness of the system of law, firstly the rules should be applicable to the lifestyles they were made for. The enormous difference between the natural and positive law should be mentioned as well. The societies should protect their values from the globalization and they should not sacrifice their values to the occupation of globalization before it is too late. Instead, the societies should strive for protecting their values through systems that should be exemplary for tomorrow, where law can bring order to the society and the society can adhere to the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization is one of the most debatable issues in political economy literature as both a concept and a process. The state apparatus is generally the focal point of these debates. The reason of this is that there is no compromises -due to the nature of the social sciences- about the status of the state in the globalization process. This paper examines the transformation of the structure of state in the process which is characterized as globalization. In the paper, it was accepted that the state's form has undergone a change in the globalization phase which is described as the transnational process of capitalism via William Robinson's the global capitalism thesis. Globalization is not a process which excludes the state apparatus on the contrary; it is a process which develops via states. In this context, states as an apparatus which is an internal factor of capitalism, have achieved the neoliberal transformation process and integrated its territories to global capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Globalization" is not only an economic term and expresses the whole transformation of our lives in relation to time and space. Globalization comprises of economic, political and socio-cultural structures together with the global use of new communication technology. While it continues its economic existence based on Neo-liberal economic policies, its social existence is based on Neo-liberal acculturation. As it is known, in global financial markets, a big amount of merchandise and fund movements occur, thousands of multinational companies take place in this network and also they manage this network. Globalization brings the interdependence of countries and it benefits from the sources of developing countries that try to find themselves a place in this global world. Globalization unavoidably provides these countries new opportunities. On one hand, globalization tries to find itself a place with the opportunities created by modernization. On the other hand, it tries to keep its existence on the basis of colonization as a feudal term. This sharp contradiction creates an irresistibly appealing contrast. "Contemporary art" reveals this contradiction of globalization and its serious tension with the liberalization's own tools. Globalization derives benefit also from the art that mostly contradicts globalization and presents an essential market including the art market to the world. In this paper, globalization's ideological relationship with art is examined. Globalization's foundations and mechanisms are constituted by Neo-liberal policies. As it constitutes an important part of man and life, art is being articulated to the concept of globalization in terms of "contemporary art". In this paper, art's relationships, contradictions, the interaction with globalization, how the dynamics created by globalization and its tools are reflected in art, art's view of globalization are examined and then art market is presented with figures and numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of mankind is almost same with the history of wars. Wars, occurred either in form of assault or defense, have been in essence one of the main tools used to protect national interests. Therefore, wars have constituted an important part in the evolution of international relations in centuries. The main purpose of both classical international theories, such as idealism, realism and neo-realism, and postpositivist theories, such as critical theory, constructivism, postmodernism and feminism, has been answering the question "how to provide international peace and security". However, war is not a static phenomenon. Therefore, transformation of war requires to revise and update previous analyses. This paper aims to analyze the structural change of international relations based on transformation of war. The transformation of war will be reviewed using the difference between old and new wars. Therefore, Russian hybrid war is selected as the example to understand the new war, and the content of "new wars" shaped by globalization will be analyzed based on Russian hybrid warfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of mankind is almost same with the history of wars. Wars, occurred either in form of assault or defense, have been in essence one of the main tools used to protect national interests. Therefore, wars have constituted an important part in the evolution of international relations in centuries. The main purpose of both classical international theories, such as idealism, realism and neo-realism, and postpositivist theories, such as critical theory, constructivism, postmodernism and feminism, has been answering the question "how to provide international peace and security". However, war is not a static phenomenon. Therefore, transformation of war requires to revise and update previous analyses. This paper aims to analyze the structural change of international relations based on transformation of war. The transformation of war will be reviewed using the difference between old and new wars. Therefore, Russian hybrid war is selected as the example to understand the new war, and the content of "new wars" shaped by globalization will be analyzed based on Russian hybrid warfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postmodernism has been instensively discussed after sixtees in the social sciences such as philosophy, art, literature, and anthropology. This study discusses the main elements of Renato Rosaldo’s anthropology who can be considered as one of the most significant representatives of postmodenism in anthropology. The aim of this paper is to put forward the elements in Rosaldo’s studies that can be considered within the postmodernism . First of all, Rosaldo, developed a critical perspective both on methodological and epistemological grounds against the classical anthropological way of dealing with culture within the postmodernist framework. Besides, he emphasized the need to attribute significance to the researcher's experiences both in and out of the field, just like the qualities of the culture under study and discourses of the people sharing that culture. In his writings, the methodological discussions on how the researcher should reflect his/her field experience in ones own work takes place to a great extent. In his later studies, Rosaldo moved his focus to a further undertanding of the globalization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capitalism is the process which affects and / or affected by economic, social, political even cultural structure temporal and / or spatial. It is described as the articulation process between the inside and outside economic actors and the markets economically. Nevertheless it is not equal for all countries. In today's economic system, significant advances in information and communication technology may eliminate the possibility of adaptation of some countries and / or sectors of society in a country to these technologies. Developments in these technologies have provided mainly the shift of economic activities heading towards digital economy. Digital economy has led to the evolution of digital capitalism changing the way of the capitalist accumulation process. Economic activities in digital capitalist system are generally carried out with bank and credit cards which are accepted as safe and easy. Using bank and credit cards in electronic commerce and improving security measures for bank and credit cards is seen that the most important role in the digital capitalist process. The purposes of the paper are examining the features of using bank and credit cards and how affect digital economic process and investigating the role of using of bank and credit cards on any government revenue policy by using the theoretical and quantitative deduction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary global era it is highly important to approach the popular culture and national culture delicately and take essential precautions about the local and native cultures. In this respect, Turkish language course books and Turkish language curriculums have important duties. This paper questions the proficiency of the books and curriculums. The current study reports on a descriptive analysis of elementary Turkish language curriculums and the Turkish language textbooks (for grades 1-5; 6-8) distributed to the schools by the National Ministry of Education in 2007. Within the context of this paper, the genre and the quality of the texts have been investigated. And then, the features of the intangible cultural heritage are determined from the texts. A total of 200 (144+56) texts have been studied individually with respect to text type and their distribution. Findings have been reported in frequency tables in addition to samples from the texts. At the end the results are discussed and interpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development strategies of economic policy area stress the ever increasing significance of local development day by day. Local development initiatives have come fore following the thought that local structures and processes maximize the positive effects of globalization while they also minimize its adverse effects at the same time. The relationship between local development and employment creation can be explained by industrial ties and multiplier theory. The theory puts forward that a factor that cause local multiplier effect with respect to employment not only leads to employment increase in its own industry but also in other industries as well. Contrary to employment creation, informal employment is a threat for local economy. Because, it does not match up with the goals of local development since it is common in urban areas and potentially obtain workforce from communities which are aimed at for local development. Informal employment is discussed under the concept of non-standard employment. Non-standard working population also refers to individuals with the potential of working in informal economy. This paper aims to discuss local development by conceptually and theoretically while it attempts to demonstrate the role of local development strategies in increasing employment and decreasing informal employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to globalization process, English has now become the "lingua franca" worldwide, as a result of which the demand for "English as a Medium of Instruction" ("EMI") has been spreading widely in many countries. The purpose of this paper is to address the educational issues concerning foreign language education ("FLE") in Turkey with special reference to "EMI" in Higher Education ("HE") today. While causes for failure are being analysed, recommendations are also proposed for an effective reform in FLE . It is concluded that due to the present higher educational system in Turkey, and also the maladministration and academic mis-management of FLE, the implementation of EMI in HE is not only unrealistic in terms of its aims and objectives but also a serious threat to educational quality. Furthermore, there are also problems in "teaching in Turkish" at Turkish universities today, the sources of which are due to the fact that the teaching of Turkish language not being effective in primary and secondary education and lacking the scholarly principles of "language pedagogy". In short, we observe today a serious "language problem" at the universities, and the implication of which is very serious indeed as a threat both for the basic principles of the Turkish Republic and also the future generation of Turkey. It is recommended that the medium of instruction in HE should inevitably be in Turkish, but while at the same time an effective and professional English Language Education policy be adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compensation hypothesis which focuses on the effects of globalization has been studied in the literatüre. The purpose of this paper is to test whether there is an evidence of compensation hypothesis in Euro countries. Therefore we examines the causal relationship between trade openness and government size in a panel of 15 selected Euro countries from 1971 to 2011. We used panel causality test which is based on Meta analysis in heterogeneous mixed panels. Empirical results indicate one-way causality from trade openness to government size for 15 Euro countries. That is, compensation hypothesis is valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to debadeted general ideas on poverty and to determine the relationship between poverty and globalization. The reason of poverty in the globalization process are examined. This paper comperatively looks at poverty elimination stratejies in different contriyes to the extand that they would from examples for Turkey. In this contex what have done and what can be do to struggle poverty is analayzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the internationalization of the businesses about the accounting applications between the countries some differences that must be eliminated occurred. To dispose these differences and to use a common language on accounting applications the financial reporting standarts constituted. In this study, the aim is to research the applicability of data that is only theoretical and prepared according to the TFRS 8 standarts of operating segments from the financial reporting standarts. In this paper, the data obtained from a construction business tested to determine how can the clauses in TFRS 8 Standarts of Operating Segments be interpreted in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport sector constitutes a significant part of service sector due to economic, social and cultural effects il creates on the society it operates in. As the inevitable effect of increasing globalization in today's world, transpon sector is exponentially growing thanks to advanced information technology. Transport is a sector creating externalities for both individuals and societies in general. Externality occurs when producers and consumers do not compensate for ilie results of their actions as well as for the effects of their decisions on other third parties in terms of what to produce and consume. Tlie aim of this paper is lo determine the externalities created by transport sector, and lo evaluate the methods of internalizing the externalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the communication tools, the spread of multinational companies and increase of international capital movements accelerated with the proliferation of the impact of globalization and has provoked the changes on the nation-state structure. What is the impact of the globalization that transforming the political actors and their roles on democratization and the emergence of new organizational models? This paper aims to analyze the globalization process and the changes that this process has produced in the political life and their relationships with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road transport infrastructure is of great importance for economic growth, consumer welfare and national competitiveness. The financing of roads is a major issue in all countries. Over the past two decades the view about the economic nature of roads has evolved. In the past roads have generally been considered as public goods, financed through national government taxes. After globalization this view has changed. Public goods in general and in particular roads should be based more on the user pay principle in the age of globalization. The purpose of this paper is to summarise methods of financing roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With globalization, immigrant mobility has increased in recent years. Accordingly, the studies that reveal the effects of immigration especially on bilateral trade have accelerated. There are results that related to international immigration influence international trade positively through various channels. In this paper, it's aimed to determine whether the number of immigrants from Turkey to other countries effect the Turkey's exports and if so, to explain the direction of this effect. To this end, for the year 2009, countries that have more than 500 Turkish Republic citizen and Turkey's exports of consumption goods to these countries were used. The results show that an increase in the number of immigrants from Turkey to other countries increase the exports of consumption goods to these countries through the preference effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under increasing pressure of globalization, business functions such as supply, production and marketing which are items of value chain, have spreaded across the world as a spatial scale and co-ordination between these functions has increased the importance of logistics further day by day. As a result of this, logistic costs have created a large amount of costs over total cost as one of cost items in business, have reached 5-10% part of GNP expenditures in developed countries and 30% part in developing countries. Freight villages are considered to be centers give opportunities to carry out activities from one center in coordination. This paper deals with effects of new-established freight villages on business in our country in terms of logistic costs and also cost advantages they provide for enterprises. In this study, after analyzing the literature related with freight villages and logistic costs, depending on data during face to face meetings with authorised persons in Ankara Logistic Site Inc. advantages of logistic costs are revealed for enterprises by operating freight villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the paper was to discuss the urban discourse of Istanbul by forming / developing a track through the representation of presented, proposed and / or produced urban projects in Istanbul eighties through the medium of popular textual media which accessed the community out of the architectural profession. There are several resources, systems and relations constituting the urban / spatial discourse. Urban discourses are nourished not only from the texts produced by the constructors of the urban space, but also from the representations of the print media of the popular culture and they got fermented in the memory of the society. Because discourses are the language codes that are used to represent the thought of the individual. This statement, judgement could be regarded as an appropriate for the 1980s and later in which architecture was particularly defined by the public space, and by entering our daily life was being discussed by the laities. Language is one of the most important factors to constitute/ form urban image in the mind of society. Urban codes exist with using language in life domains (the physical milieu, the buildings, the maps, the media…etc.), which produce their characteristic texts. Using of the language -speaking and understanding it- is the definition ability of human beings, woven into all human activity. It is our judgments and response, believing, relations, values, and situations. As a reflection of our culture, it is reproduction of the spaces. Language is a neglected subject in discussion of the architecture, which is conventionally regarded as a visual rather than the verbal activity. Architects also benefit from the verbal activities and texts to share with their ideas. But it couldn't say that these texts have more aid to constitute / form of urban image. Architecture has its own linguistic register.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is thought that the new context at the present time of capitalist hegemony is globalizing world's 'projects' originating from the West. The West World provides important contributions to the projects, especially supported by the European Union, which will be carried out on specific social aspects and cultures (especially women, youth and children) of the East World about which the West World thinks relatively can't accord to its understanding and mind-structure. In this paper on the context of a historical and expressional perspective of how capitalist hegemony as a whole establishes control on social aspects and cultures which are out of itself by the hand of projects will be studied. The background of projects actualized as a new trivet of legitimating of capitalist hegemony through nongovernmental organizations (NGO) will be analyzed and hereby attempt to reveal its expressional aspect of capitalist hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a threat for countries' economical, political and social life money laundering activities are gradually increasing. Especially with globalization and the development in information and new payment technologies, money laundering methods changed from traditional to methods using Internet and smart cards. The introduction and increasing application of electronic commercial transactions, electronic banking, Internet and e-money poses a threat to traditional due diligence systems in the international campaign against money laundering, because of the opportunities for money laundering, that these new instruments can provide. Therefore in this paper besides traditional and known money laundering methods, how new laundering methods can be used and what can be done in this matter are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of flexicurity found its way into labour law in the 1990s as consequence of globalization. The concept could be defined as a strategy that aims at eliminating rigid rules from working life and forming a flexible structure while at the same time ensuring an adequate protection for workers. Flexicurity today has become a cornerstone of EU employment policy. European Commission's Green Paper published in 2006 clearly emphasizes the need for flexicurity and in a way, determines the direction of EU employment strategy. Flexicurity has been reflected onto member state legislative arrangements as well. Within this context, there have been remarkable efforts for softening the job protection legislation. Additionally, atypical forms of employment including fixed term contracts, temporary employment relationship, part time work and on call work have been handled in a flexicurity dimension. Flexibility in working time has also constituted another dimension of flexicurity. When looked at the Turkish Labour Law, it is possible to suggest the existence of a divided structure. On one hand there is unregistered work dominated by lack of rules, and on the other, a legal structure lacking necessary level of flexibility in especially certain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]