Search

Mechanically transformative electronic systems (TESs) built using gallium have emerged as an innovative class of electronics due to their ability to switch between rigid and flexible states, thus expanding the versatility of electronics. However, the challenges posed by gallium's high surface tension and low viscosity have substantially hindered manufacturability, limiting high-resolution patterning of TESs. To address this challenge, we introduce a stiffness-tunable gallium-copper composite ink capable of direct ink write printing of intricate TES circuits, offering high-resolution (~50 micrometers) patterning, high conductivity, and bidirectional soft-rigid convertibility. These features enable transformative bioelectronics with design complexity akin to traditional printed circuit boards. These TESs maintain rigidity at room temperature for easy handling but soften and conform to curvilinear tissue surfaces at body temperature, adapting to dynamic tissue deformations. The proposed ink with direct ink write printing makes TES manufacturing simple and versatile, opening possibilities in wearables, implantables, consumer electronics, and robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses controlling the duration information lasts on paper so that disappears as desired has crucial for information security. Topics include the information duration on the rewritable paper coated with the title compounds has easily tuned by changing the cation of the compounds; and the fidelity of the information visualization has additionally be used as a time stamp, and a missing anti-counterfeiting label signals.

The article presents a study which explores how wearable plasmonic paper–based microfluidics for continuous sweat analysis. It mentions that wearable sweat sensors have the potential to provide clinically meaningful information associated with the health and disease states of individuals. It discusses that welld-defined flow characteristics of paper microfluidic devices enable accurate quantification of sweat loss and sweat rate.

The article explores how combination of hierarchical structure comprising mechanical and optical function inspire technological classes of devices and interfaces based on robust, light, and spectrally responsive natural substrates. It mentions the strategies for coloration devoid of inorganic pigments.

The article offers information on role of Graduate Record Examinations (GREs) to help predict whether physics graduate students will get Ph.D. Topics include use of collider-like stratification bias, variance inflation by collinearity and range restriction, and omission of parts of a needed correlation matrix in analyses; need for randomized trials to evaluating how well students admitted by different criteria; and information on predictors that involves percentile ranks of GRE scores.

This paper shows that stacked sheets of paper preincubated with different biological reagents and skiving them into uniform test paper sheets allow mass manufacturing of multiplexed immunoassay devices and simultaneous detection of multiplex targets that can be read out by a barcode scanner. The thickness of one sheet of paper can form the width of a module for the barcode; when stacked, these sheets of paper can form a series of barcodes representing the targets, depending on the color contrast provided by a colored precipitate of an immunoassay. The uniform thickness of sheets of paper allows high-quality signal readout. The manufacturing method allows highly efficient fabrication of the materials and substrates for a straightforward assay of targets that range from drugs of abuse to biomarkers of blood-transmitted infections. In addition, as a novel alternative to the conventional point-of-care testing method, the paper-based barcode assay system can provide highly efficient, accurate, and objective diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that the evolution of facial recognition in wasps is associated with specialized face-learning abilities. Polistes fuscatus can differentiate among normal wasp face images in rapidly and accurately than nonface images or manipulated faces. A close relative lacking facial recognition, Polistes metficus, however, lacks specialized face learning. Similar specializations for face learning are found in primates and other mammals, although P. fuscatus represents an independent evolution of specialization. Convergence toward face specialization in distant taxa as well as divergence among closely related taxa with different recognition behavior suggests that specialized cognition is surprisingly labile and may be adaptively shaped by species-specific selective pressures such as face recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses how the paper wasp parasite Polistes atrimandibularis changes the chemical composition of its host's nest, in order to take over the nest. This wasp as an obligatory social parasite of another Polistes species, P. biglumis bimaculatus; Change in the composition of the nest's chemical signature, the cuticular hydrocarbons, during the colonial cycle.

Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) constitute a large fraction of organismal proteomes, playing fundamental roles in physiology and disease. Despite their importance, the mechanisms underlying dynamic features of IMPs, such as anomalous diffusion, protein-protein interactions, and protein clustering, remain largely unknown due to the high complexity of cell membrane environments. Available methods for in vitro studies are insufficient to study IMP dynamics systematically. This publication introduces the freestanding bilayer microscope (FBM), which combines the advantages of freestanding bilayers with single-particle tracking. The FBM, based on planar lipid bilayers, enables the study of IMP dynamics with single-molecule resolution and unconstrained diffusion. This paper benchmarks the FBM against total internal reflection fluorescence imaging on supported bilayers and is used here to estimate ion channel open probability and to examine the diffusion behavior of an ion channel in phase-separated bilayers. The FBM emerges as a powerful tool to examine membrane protein/lipid organization and dynamics to understand cell membrane processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning (ML) methods are proliferating in scientific research. However, the adoption of these methods has been accompanied by failures of validity, reproducibility, and generalizability. These failures can hinder scientific progress, lead to false consensus around invalid claims, and undermine the credibility of ML-based science. ML methods are often applied and fail in similar ways across disciplines. Motivated by this observation, our goal is to provide clear recommendations for conducting and reporting ML-based science. Drawing from an extensive review of past literature, we present the REFORMS checklist (recommendations for machine-learning-based science). It consists of 32 questions and a paired set of guidelines. REFORMS was developed on the basis of a consensus of 19 researchers across computer science, data science, mathematics, social sciences, and biomedical sciences. REFORMS can serve as a resource for researchers when designing and implementing a study, for referees when reviewing papers, and for journals when enforcing standards for transparency and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To learn the evolutionary trajectories of caste differentiation ineusocial species is a major goal of sociobiology. We present anexplanatory framework for caste evolution in the eusocial wasp genusPolistes (Vespidae), which is a model system for insect eusocialevolution. We hypothesize that Polistes worker and gyne castes stem fromtwo developmental pathways that characterized the bivoltine life cycleof a solitary ancestor. Through individual-based simulations, we showthat our mechanistic framework can reproduce colony-levelcharacteristics of Polistes and, thereby, that social castes can emergefrom solitary regulatory pathways. Our explanatory frameworkillustrates, by specific example, a changed perspective forunderstanding insect social evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluidic logic circuits simplify system design for soft robotics by eliminating bulky components while enabling operation in a range of hostile environments that are incompatible with electronics but at the expense of limited computational capabilities and response times on the order of seconds. This paper presents a four-terminal fluidic transistor optimized for fast switching times, reduced component count, low unit cost, and high reproducibility to achieve complex fluidic control circuits while maintaining flow rates of liters per minute. A ring oscillator using three fluidic transistors achieves oscillation frequencies up to a kilohertz with full signal propagation, tolerating billions of cycles without failure. Fundamental processor circuits like a full adder and a 3-bit analog-to-digital converter require just seven transistors each. A decode circuit drives a high-resolution soft haptic display with refresh times below the human perception threshold for latency, and an electronics-free control circuit performs closed-loop position control of a pneumatic actuator with disturbance rejection, demonstrating the value across domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a high-resolution isotopic study of medieval horse mobility, revealing their origins and in-life mobility both regionally and internationally. The animals were found in an unusual horse cemetery site found within the City of Westminster, London, England. Enamel strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope analysis of 15 individuals provides information about likely place of birth, diet, and mobility during the first approximately 5 years of life. Results show that at least seven horses originated outside of Britain in relatively cold climates, potentially in Scandinavia or the Western Alps. Ancient DNA sexing data indicate no consistent sex-specific mobility patterning, although three of the five females came from exceptionally highly radiogenic regions. Another female with low mobility is suggested to be a sedentary broodmare. Our results provide direct and unprecedented evidence for a variety of horse movement and trading practices in the Middle Ages and highlight the importance of international trade in securing high-quality horses for medieval London elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how the COVID-19 pandemic affected science and tourism activities and their governance in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. The pandemic reduced the ability of Antarctic Treaty Parties to make decisions on policy issues and placed a considerable burden on researchers. Tourism was effectively suspended during the 2020-2021 Antarctic season and heavily reduced in 2021-2022 but rebounded to record levels in 2022-2023. The pandemic stimulated reflection on practices to facilitate dialog, especially through online events. Opportunities arose to integrate innovations developed during the pandemic more permanently into Antarctic practices, in relation to open science, reducing operational greenhouse gas footprints and barriers of access to Antarctic research and facilitating data sharing. However, as well as the long-term impacts arising directly from the pandemic, an assemblage of major geopolitical drivers are also in play and, combined, these signal a considerable weakening of Antarctic exceptionalism in the early Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that immunologist Luk van Parijs was fired from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school alleged that he had confessed to faking data in one published paper, several unpublished manuscripts and grant applications. Van Parijs's academic future may be shot to pieces. But his scientific past, so far is intact. He has contributed to roughly 40 papers stretching back to 1994, many of them in the blossoming field of RNA interference. None has been publicly labeled fraudulent or retracted. MIT has not said which paper it found to be problematic. Other investigations are continuing. One of the biggest problems in these fraud things says Kathleen Case, publisher at the American Association for Cancer Research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is that the investigations get finished. And the last thing people think of is the journals. Large-scale fraud cases are rare. But scientists whose work is challenged have often co-authored dozens or even hundreds of papers.

Nuclear import of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleocapsid is essential for replication that occurs in the nucleus. The ~360-angstrom HBV capsid translocates to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) as an intact particle, hijacking human importins in a reaction stimulated by host kinases. This paper describes the mechanisms of HBV capsid recognition by importins. We found that importin α1 binds a nuclear localization signal (NLS) at the far end of the HBV coat protein Cp183 carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD). This NLS is exposed to the capsid surface through a pore at the icosahedral quasi-sixfold vertex. Phosphorylation at serine-155, serine-162, and serine-170 promotes CTD compaction but does not affect the affinity for importin α1. The binding of 30 importin α1/β1 augments HBV capsid diameter to ~620 angstroms, close to the maximum size trafficable through the NPC. We propose that phosphorylation favors CTD externalization and prompts its compaction at the capsid surface, exposing the NLS to importins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States has experienced a tragic increase in school shootings in recent years. Despite substantial media attention being paid to such incidents and widespread support for stricter gun control measures, substantial legislative action remains absent, however. To make sense of this puzzle, this paper focuses on the mobilizing responses of gun rights supporters in the aftermath of such events. Using granular data from 225,000 donations to the NRA's political action committee in a difference-in-differences design, this study provides causal estimates showing substantial increases in both donation amounts and donor numbers after school shootings. These results provide insight into the counter-mobilizing responses of the pro-gun political right after shootings. In contrast to the typically transient nature of gun control movements, these counter-mobilizing responses are notably durable. The results of this study have important implications for our understanding of the complexities of, and obstacles to, gun regulation in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the dispute regarding authorship for scientific papers on a candidate vaccine for the immune system. Listing of Sarvamangala Devi as first inventor in patent documents filed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH); Background information; Implications; Expectations. INSETS: `Better relationships' the Stadtman way, by E.M.;McGill: Analyzing the data, by G.T..

The article discusses the need for conservation of paper products located in libraries, archives, and museums, and examines relevant advances within the field of paper conservation science. Staff involved in the care of paper collections often use risk assessment and conservation measures to reduce paper degradation, to monitor noxious environments, and to remedy biological degradation of paper. These goals can be accomplished through laser cleaning, as well as another method that uses nanoparticles of magnesium or calcium hydroxide in volatile alcohols with low surface tension for the deacidification of paper.

Presents the findings of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) draft report which says that immunologist Theresa Imanishi-Kari committed `serious scientific misconduct' in her data used to back up claims made in a 1986 `Cell' paper. Rockefeller University President David Baltimore, was criticized for statements he made during the investigation. Secret service forensic analyses. INSET: Warm praise for a whistle-blower.;The report's principal....

Recounts the events that led to allegations that eye researcher David Bridges plagiarized a colleague's paper that he peer-reviewed in 1986. The allegations have resulted in an investigation by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which has recommended Bridges be barred from receiving federal funding, both current and future, and Bridges be banned from NIH review bodies for 10 years. Bridges denies the allegations. INSET: Case highlights sensitive issues..

Presents information on the importance of gravitational lensing, as an astrophysical consequence of the general theory of relativity. Reason for Albert Einstein's disregard of gravitational lensing as a speculative idea; Basic features of the lensing effect; Background information on gravitational lensing.

The article discusses Researchers have identified through single-cell Ribo nucleic acid (RNA) sequencing a population of taste buds (TBs) in the cervical segment of the esophagus in mice. In a paper published in Science Advances, a characterization of the transcriptional regulatory networks involved in generation of each TB cell type, demonstrating alternative fate for a subset of esophageal squamous progenitors in vivo, which participate in the maintenance of a pool of esophagus-specific TBs.

After more than a decade that included a long bout of litigation, the first volume in a series of Albert Einstein's papers has been published (`The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein. Volume 1, The Early Years, 1879-1902'). 40 volumes are projected. Details the changes in editorial leadership and other factors involved in this project.

The article discusses a research paper on the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa, , published in the journal "Science" and the insights gained through the expansion of genomic surveillance in the continent. It mentions the need for sustained investment in diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa to prepare for emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats, and describes the impact of the Delta and Omicron variants on the continent.

The article reports that "Science" retracted a July 1, 2005 report on a method termed "MAGIC" that was purported to identify drug targets by tracking proteins in live cells. An investigation by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), the affiliation of the paper's authors, concluded that reported data were fabricated and undermined the paper's validity. The article also notes a related paper that had been retracted from the journal "Nature Chemical Biology." It also indicates that legal proceedings are ongoing regarding the intellectual property that underlies the MAGIC technology.

The article reports on the investigation conducted by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) regarding the validity of two research papers on the new way to identify drug targets in Daejeon, South Korea. Probe result shows that such papers do not contain any scientific truth and will likely be retracted by the publication in which it appeared "Science and Nature Chemical Biology." The study was conducted by Te Kook Kim, a renowned senior author who studied in the U.S. and founded a business establishment in the country. According to Gyun Min Lee, chairman of KAIST's Department of Biological Sciences and head of internal investigation committee, the results are strong enough to convince them that the two papers do not contain scientific truth.

The article analyzes the sex-based genetic differences study by clinical and molecular epidemiologist John Ioannidis of the University of Ioannina School of Medicine in Greece. He and his two colleagues have analyzed the data of 77 papers and online papers about gender variation. He decided to follow the study to determine whether the sex-difference claims are reliable. He suggests that researchers need to do a better job of stating the limits of their findings due to some problems in accepting the gene-gender findings.

The article reports on the citations of retracted papers in fields from physics to cancer research to plant biology. These citations were found with the help of Thomson Scientific's ISI Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar. Seventeen of 19 retracted papers co-authored by German cancer researcher Friedhelm Herrmann have been cited since being retracted. Together, two of those papers were cited roughly 60 times. Examination of one Nature paper by former Bell Labs physicist Jan Hendrik published in 2000 and retracted in 2003, revealed that it has been noted in research papers 17 times. Prior to being pulled, the paper was cited 153 times. According to Richard Smith, former editor of the British Medical Journal, it is quite embarrassing. Paul Friedman, a former dean at the University of California, San Diego said that if people cite fraudulent articles then either their research is going to be thrown off or something will be wasted. He oversaw an investigation into papers by radiologist Robert Slutsky in the mid-1980s.

The article informs that embattled Korean stem cell scientist Woo Suk Hwang and his university have bowed to pressure for an investigation into a growing list of questions about a landmark paper he and colleagues published in Science in June 2005. Meanwhile, stem cell researchers elsewhere are worried about the possible fallout. The lab's as-yet-unreplicated feat of creating human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines that match the DNA of patients inspired a global ramp-up in stem cell efforts. Such ES cell lines might one day provide replacement cells genetically matched to a patient suffering from Parkinson's disease or diabetes. The latest revelations center on the DNA fingerprinting in the paper's supplementary online material first posted on 19 May 2005; the fingerprinting data purportedly show that the ES cells are genetically identical to the patients. There are also new allegations about another set of images in the online material that Woo Suk Hwang last week told editors at Science had been erroneously duplicated.

Reports on two papers on chimeraplasty published in the periodicals 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,' (PNAS) and 'Science' as of December 2002. Authors of the PNAS paper; Molecule used to correct the point mutation in an alkaline phosphatase gene; Reason for criticism of the paper published in PNAS; Comments of Stephen West of Great Britain-based Imperial Cancer Research Fund on the paper reported in 'Science.'

The article discusses research to be reported by social psychologist Daryl Bem in an upcoming issue of the "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" on extra-sensory perception (ESP). The paper will focus on experiments involving college students and their prediction of future events, topical matter that has drawn skepticism from scientists who believe the work represents pseudoscience. Bem's use of a standard statistics test called the t test is discussed, noting commentary by statisticians on the limitations of the technique.

The article discusses the discontinuation of ability of scientists to communicate a scientific paper on behalf of a colleague by the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The option which reduced the amount of vetting by outside publications during the peer review process has been seen as cronyism by some scientists prompting PNAS's decision to revise its submission process for scientific research reports.

The article discusses the retraction of a scientific paper that was published in an August 31, 2009 online issue of the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)," before the data could be analyzed by the researcher Laura Bierut. Bierut's data had been deposited into the U.S. National Institutes of Health's (NIH) genomic database called dbGaP and was part of Beirut and colleagues addiction research known as SAGE (Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment).

The article offers information on a scientific misconduct investigation at the University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The investigation concerns a report in a contentious area of development biology. The report had cited that mouse embryo cells have distinct fates from the time the cell division first takes place. However, the paper is not being considered to be trustworthy now by senior authors. The ongoing debate involves whether very early embryo cells have a tendency towards one fate or another. R. Michael Roberts, an expert in bovine embryology says that in most mouse embryos, there is a distinct difference between cells from the first cell division.

The article focuses on the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) that has decided to bar submissions to edit and publish manuscripts from countries under the United States trade embargo. The institute says the ban, which falls hardest on scientists from Iran, is necessary to protect national security. As a result, AIAA pulled 24 Iranian-authored submissions from its seven journals and cancelled presentations by Iranian researchers scheduled to attend an AIAA-sponsored fluid dynamics conference in Toronto. The conference, held between June 6, 2005 and June 9, 2005, was subsequently exempted from the ban after protests by Iranian attendees who had already finalized their travel plans. In December, the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control clarified that publications did not need the government's permission to edit and print papers from anywhere in the world. The suit cited a 1988 legal amendment that exempts information from trade embargoes.

The nascent "open-access" publishing movement got a qualified, but high-profile, endorsement this week. After a 7-month investigation, the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee of Great Britain, concluded that "the current system of scientific publishing is not providing the access needed for the progress of science," says committee chair Ian Gibson. In a 114-page report, the committee recommends that papers produced by publicly funded research be put in repositories at universities and research institutions, where they would be open to all, free of charge, soon after publication. It also says that online journals that have authors pay the cost of publication and that allow free access to all "could be viable," and it calls for a major study of the idea.

The article discusses bio-inspired nervous system detects objects and couples controllable adhesives with intricately embedded sensing, processing, and control to manipulate underwater objects and autonomously triggers the switchable adhesives. Topics discussed include fabrication and characterization of switchable adhesive, the compliance of the adhesive elements through stalk shape variation by changing the stalk angle, and efficiency of switchable adhesion under nonideal conditions.

The article discusses dual-plating strategy to facilely prepare zinc-bromine Microbatteries (Zn-Br2 MBs) with a liquid cathode to achieve both high areal energy density and fast kinetics. Topics discovered include constructing Zn-Br2 MBs using flexible and hydrophilic carbon nanotube (CNT) paper, the insulating tape and interdigitated electrodes, and theoretical understanding of the advantages of MPIBr.

The article focuses on embed programmed magnetization patterns (magnetization modules) into the adhesive sticker layers to construct soft robots with programmable magnetization profiles and geometries and then integrate spatially distributed functional modules. It mentions test beds are used to explore multimodal robot locomotion and various applications related to environmental sensing and detection, circuit repairing, and gastric ulcer coating.

The article discusses scientific controversy regarding a possible causal link between chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), noting the postponement of associated research publications. The article describes opposing opinions on the role of XMRV between researchers representing the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and a team representing the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

The article discusses a research tool called the reactome array which has received intense criticism since its description in a report in the October 9, 2009 issue of "Science." Critics of the device note that the description includes chemical reactions that are not possible and which do not make sense. Topics include criticism against "Science" for failing to question the report and the response from the editors of "Science" regarding their decision to publish the report.

Reports on the confirmation that several papers involving plant development were compromised by scientific fraud. Published results in the March issue of `Plant Journal'; The investigation of the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne, Germany; The falsification of experiments and the publishing of those results in ten different publications; People involved, including research group leader Richard Walden; Results of the investigation; Other information. INSET: Cologne Institute's Disputed Papers.

The article discusses the studies on Orrorin tugenensis as a part of Millenium Ancestor species. According to Brian Richmond of George Washington University, there is a possibility that Orrorin tugenensis is an early ancestor of humans. He explains that its characteristics defined the fossils as hominin, the primate group that includes humans and ancestors. He also mentions that the data defined Orrorin tugenensis as bipedals. From the analysis that Richmond made, it suggests that Orrorin tugenensis is related to australopithecines, a group of hominids from Africa.

The article reports on the controversy created by a group of scientists in the U.S. who published a research review on vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a treatment for depression in the journal "Neuropharmacology." However, the authors of the article were purportedly paid advisers to a Cyberonics Inc., a company that produces a device for VNS. This incident has stirred the American College of Neuropharmacology which happened to be the journal's publisher and promised to conduct a thorough investigation as soon as the lead author of the article Charles B. Nemeroff returns from a vacation. Meanwhile, Nemeroff admitted that their failure to acknowledge their ties to the manufacturing company was a simple oversight.

The article reports that in an exhibition hall at the 2005 World Exposition in Aichi, Japan, a gigantic newspaper covering more than 5 square meters delivers the news to passersby in crisp black and white, unlike a traditional broadsheet, which goes from printing press to trash bin within a few hours, the Yomiuir Global Newspaper never becomes old news. Produced by Japan's Toppan Printing Co. and the American high-tech firm E Ink Corp., the newspaper is just one of several demonstradons, prototypes, and products featuring the new technology. Philips envisions using the screens for retractable displays on hand-held devices and plans to begin design for production this year, says Hans Driessen, a spokesperson for Philips Research in Eindhoven, Netherlands.

This article reports that ending months of uncertainty, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Elias Zerhouni last week unveiled a policy aimed at making the results of research it funds more freely available. But the announcement has injected a new element of controversy into an already bitter debate. That language has stirred worries that NIH is putting authors on the spot by asking them to challenge publishers' own release dates. NIH argued that this would increase public access to research and help it manage research programs. Norka Ruiz Bravo, NIH deputy director for extramural research, expects that researchers will negotiate the timing with the publisher rather than relying on the publisher's policy for when articles can be posted.

Investigates the validity of the results of the study on organic conductors conducted by the researchers of Lucent Technologies in Murray Hill, New Jersey. Accounts on the comments of various physicist on the issue; Use of field effect transistors in injecting large numbers of electrical charges into organic materials; Effects of electrical voltage application on control electrode charges.

Investigates the claim of scientists regarding the evidence for nuclear fusion in a breaker of organic solvent at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. Consequences of the claim for nuclear proliferation and energy production; Contradiction of other scientists on the claim; Comparison between nuclear fission and fusion.

Discusses a dispute between scientist Peter Schwartz and Chad Mirkin, a leader of a nanotechnology group, over a nanotechnology problem that Schwartz claims to have solved. Schwartz's study on a method of nanoscale DNA printing; How academic differences in science increasingly involve commercial and legal battles.