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Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the cooccurrence of heightened media attention after the publication of a paper by Skovlund et al in September 2016 on the link between hormonal contraception and depression or mood on adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in the UK. Methods: A quantitative analysis of relevant newspaper articles published between January 2014 and December 2017 was performed, as well as a content analysis. ADR reports were collected from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency website and via a Freedom of Information request. A quantitative analysis was performed on ADR reports of hormonal contraceptives for all ADRs and for depressed mood disorders and disturbances. Results: The publication of the Skovlund et al paper did not lead to a peak in relevant newspaper articles, but there was a change in the content of the newspaper articles, which focussed more on the link between hormonal contraceptives and depression or mood. There was an overall increase in ADR reports by women relating to hormonal contraceptives between 2016 and 2017, and for combined contraceptives this was due to an increase in ADR reports of depressed mood disorders and disturbances. Conclusions: The content of media attention appears to affect ADR reporting by women for combined contraceptives. In general, patients report the majority of depressed mood disorders and disturbances ADRs as opposed to health professionals, who report other ADRs. Care providers can anticipate the effect of heightened media attention and help patients when they experience these ADRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the representation of university students in the collective Italian imaginary during '68 through the contemporary articles published in La Stampa and Stampa Sera describing the student uprisings at the University of Turin (Italy). The paper draws on a large amount of articles published in the daily newspapers La Stampa and Stampa Sera (nearly 400, from January to June 1968, the most dynamic phase of the protests) to highlight how journalists constructed the narrative of the rebellion by criticising the image of the rebel students, using words loaded with negative meanings and delegitimising their claims without any effort to understand their motivations. The image of the students that emerges from the articles over the period of time considered is negative, constructed to underline the destructive nature of the demonstrations against the political and social system of Italy in the 1960s. There was an unfailing tendency to highlight the rioting, disturbance of lessons, and physical and verbal attacks against teachers and the police, and the language used were reminiscent of that employed in times of war. The daily national press of the time is a rich source of material, with considerable interpretative and explanatory potential; in reconstructing the events day by day, it enables us to conduct an in-depth investigation into the ideology and the imaginary at play in a given space and time. It explores corners of the history of education that escape official recording and reveals the focus of interest and the priorities of the media groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper uses a historical case study, the controversy over the possibility of climatic extremes caused by hydrogen bomb tests on Pacific Ocean atolls during the 1950s, to show how, in a context of few scientific data and high uncertainty, political affiliations and public concerns shaped two types of argumentation, the "energy" and the "precautionary" arguments. Design/methodology/approach: Systematic analysis of publications 1954–1956: scientific and semiscientific articles, publications of C.-N. Martin and contemporary newspaper articles, especially from the Asia–Pacific region. Findings: First, epistemological and scientific reasoning about the likelihood of extreme natural events aligned to political convictions and pressure. Second, a geographical and social distribution of arguments: the relativizing "energy argument" prevailed in English-language scientific journals, while the "precautionary argument" dominated in popular journals and newspapers published worldwide. Third, while the "energy argument" attained general scientific consensus within two years, it lost out in the long run. The proponents of the "precautionary argument" raised relevant research questions that, though first rejected in the 1950s, later exposed the fallacies of the "energy argument" (shown for the case of the climatologist William W. Kellogg). Originality/value: In contrast to the existing secondary literature, this paper presents a balanced view of the weaknesses and strengths of two lines of arguments in the 1950s. Further, this historical study sheds light on how once-discarded scientific theories may ultimately be reconsidered in a completely different political and scientific context, thus justifying the original precautionary argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newspaper globally known as the Guardian began its life in Manchester as the Manchester Guardian. This paper examines the reactions of readers of the newspaper in the context of the decision to remove the word 'Manchester' from the its title in 1959. It uses 251 letters on the subject sent to the newspaper to assess the usefulness of Anthony Cohen's idea of readers as a symbolic community. This approach defines community in terms of a shared symbol whose meaning may be interpreted differently by individuals. The study concludes that there were two aspects to the readers' relationship with the newspaper – they were attached to ideas about the symbolic nature of Manchester and the north of England more generally but the meaning they ascribed to being part of a community of readers differed in a nuanced way and according to individual interpretations. The newspaper's determination to re-brand as a national rather than a provincial paper caused its readers to try to redefine their identities as members of the symbolic community of the Manchester Guardian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democrat Party (DP) era is one of the contested periods in terms of politics, economy, society and foreign policy in Turkey. Particularly, the government-press relations and Turkey's Middle East policy especially in the late 1950s consist serious challenges and crises. Initially, the DP government conducted a liberal press policy, but in the second half of the decade government-press relations strained. Similarly, Turkey's Middle East policy can be regarded as a success story in the first half of the decade, while Turkey faced serious crises and challenges in the region in the second half. Despite several studies on governmentpress relations in the 1950s in the literature, there is a shortage of specific studies analyzing positions of the press towards DP's Middle East policy. As a result, this paper aims to fill this gap and analyze the positions of the press regarding Turkey's Middle East policy throughout the decade in order to show divergence and convergence between the government and the press. Selected newspapers and journals published in this period will be used as primary sources. This paper concludes that the press in Turkey, regardless of their positions towards the government, supported DP's pro-Western and anti-communist Middle East policy despite some exceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses a group of metaphors conceptualising the welfare state as a participant in the ATTACK scenario, as well as several related metaphors involving the use of force, in a corpus of British newspaper articles published between 2008 and April 2015. The analysis draws on a point of convergence between Discourse-Historical Approach and Conceptual Metaphor Theory, focusing on the argumentative functions of these metaphors. The paper finds that these particular metaphors are attested predominantly in the left-leaning newspapers. As a predication strategy with a coercive effect, they typically work to axiologically and emotionally undermine the austerity policies of the Coalition government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes texts from Serbian and German newspapers published in Yugoslavia and Banat during the 1930s and 1940s concerning renewalists, the Nazi element in the German minority. This paper examines the newspapers published in Serbian, as well as the papers published by the German minority organization Kulturbund. The writing of the pro-Nazi newspapers from Banat about the organization which imitated German Nazis and their propaganda methods has been analyzed separately. The religious component has also been analyzed, as well as the relation of the Catholic and Protestant German churches in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia with the renewalists, that is, Nazis. This paper states that the renewalists had a great influence on the German minority in Banat and Yugoslavia, directing it ideologically towards German national-socialism. It can be concluded that the media had a significant role in the Nazi propaganda, as well as in the attempts to suppress Nazism and show the deadly consequences of that totalitarian ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the role of newspaper reports by the New York Times and Washington Post on the anti-palm oil campaign on Malaysia-U.S trade relations concerning anti-palm oil campaign. The campaign was initiated by the American Soybean Association (ASA), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) and the National Heart Savers Association (NHSA), with the support of newspaper reports mainly from the New York Times and Washington Post. This paper posits that the campaign published by the newspapers affected the Malaysia-U.S trading relationship, in particular, in relation to palm oil imports and exports. The historical research method was employed for this study analyses both primary and secondary data. In addition, interviews were conducted to validate the findings. This study is crucial in filling the gap in the literature on the anti-palm oil campaign published in newspapers and its impact on Malaysia-U.S. relations. At present, the anti-palm oil campaign remains on the agenda of developed countries and other international green peace groups. The Malaysian government has remained as an active player in promoting the palm oil industry in the U.S. and European countries. This research demonstrates that newspaper reports influenced members of the U.S. Congress to propose a bill on the labeling of tropical oils. Palm oil is seen as a source of saturated fats, which poses a health risk. Newspaper reports were also used as evidence to garner support for the bill in Congress. This anti-oil palm campaign led to a decline in Malaysian palm oil exports to the U.S. These newspaper reports led to tensions in Malaysia, and the anti-palm oil campaign is perceived as an "act of war in a foreign country". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates readers' perceptions of Idikelethu newspaper as a tool for community development, particularly in Alice, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data was collected from two focus group discussions that were held in the areas where Idikelethu newspaper has high readership rates. The findings revealed that development-related issues such as health awareness, education and community safety, among others, are regularly addressed by this community newspaper. Based on the findings and analysis of data, this study concludes that Idikelethu newspaper contributes in many ways to the development of its readers and Alice community in general. It is anticipated that the findings of this paper will play an important role in assisting Idikelethu and other community newspapers to function better as agents of community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to identify features and regularities pertaining to the process of cooperation between two cities under the conditions of a pre-existing socio-political conflict. The study covers the Bydgoszcz and Toruń Integrated Territorial Investments' support area, the only example of a bilateral arrangement in Poland which includes two voivodship capitals. Due to the specificity of the region and the Toruń-Bydgoszcz rancor, the negotiations preceding the formation of the ITI were turbulent. The research was based on a discursive analysis of newspaper reports published by the regional issue of the country-wide daily Gazeta Wyborcza in the period of 2012–2020 and directly related to the making of the Bydgoszcz-Toruń Functional Area. The purpose of the conducted press search was to reconstruct how the bipolar functional area that had enabled the applying for EU funding was formed, and to identify the socio-political conflicts that had lain behind the creation of the support area. It has been evidenced that disputes rooted in the examined cities significantly hinder the creation of a spatially coherent and functionally complementary bipolar system. The functional area is divided due to the core cities' past and the history of mutual animosities deriving from the local ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on Assyrian magazines and newspapers initially published within the Ottoman era and extending into the Turkish Republic while in addition covering the exile activities pushed by Assyrians originating from Ottoman and/or Turkish geography. The first magazines started to be published here. However, the first emerging cultural activities came to an abrupt end with the beginning of World War I and the Christian persecutions and massacres that accompanied it. Leading intellectual figures had to leave the country or were killed. Many emigrated intellectuals of that era were able to follow up on the journalistic activities of the pioneers of the Ottoman period and founded newspapers and magazines in exile. The migration from Turkey led to the establishment of Assyrians and their organizations in the diaspora resulting in increased activities in the field of journalism. This article will provide a comprehensive compilation in the sense of an inventory and a corresponding brief description/profiling of the main publications that can be attributed to contributions and efforts of Assyrians whose roots lie in Anatolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the Sorush newspaper published in Istanbul as a case of Iranian journalism in exile, this paper seeks to shed light on one aspect of Persian journalism in the constitutional period. On the eve of the 1906 Constitutional Revolution, Persian journalism entered into a critical phase that flourished outside the country. Istanbul, Calcutta, Cairo and London were the centres where Iranian intellectuals developed their critical ideas through this modern media. Inspired by these ideas, the Constitutional Revolution prepared an unprecedented situation for Iranian journalists to develop their flourishing career inside the country. It was in this period that a distinguished constitutionalist and intellectual Ali Akbar Dehkhoda began his journalistic career. Together with Mirza Jahangir Khan Shirazi, he began to publish Sur-e Esrafil, which presented a straightforwardly critical voice against Qajar despotism. Yet the passing flame of political freedom died out by the restoration of despotism and forced Dehkhoda and some of his colleagues to leave their homeland. He first went to Switzerland and then to Istanbul, where he continued his career in exile and published a new Persian-language newspaper by the name of Sorush. An analysis of this short-lived newspaper allows us to identify three pivotal concerns in its pages: advocacy of constitutionalism, opposition to imperialism and defending Iran's independence and territorial integrity, and the last but not the least, reflecting on Iran's first experience in constitutionalism. Indeed, for Dehkhoda and his colleagues in Sorush of İstanbul, securing an independent and well-integrated Iran was the most critical issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. The epidemic of typhus lasted for several months in the Kingdom of Serbia during the First World War, and a vast number of people lost their lives. The objective of the paper was to investigate how the Politika, Belgrade daily newspaper, informed the then Serbian public about the epidemic of typhus in the Great War. Methods. By using statistical and historical-critical method, the analysis of all texts published in the Politika from February 1915, when the Serbian government and the Supreme Command allowed the press to write about the epidemic of typhus, until the outbreak began to calm down at the beginning of May 1915, was performed. Results. In the observed period, among the texts dedicated to the typhus epidemic, news about people who died of typhus (obituaries), news about the epidemic itself, as well as affirmative texts about the feats of doctors. There were more texts about allies' military missions than about Serbian Army Medical Corps. The reporting was balanced and highly professional. Conclusion. In the period February-May 1915, a number of different articles about the typhus epidemic in Serbia during the Great War were published in the daily newspaper Politika. The reporting was wellbalanced, ethical and highly professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims at analyzing the role played by Jewish actresses in the development of the Shakespearean Yiddish theater. The paper includes the profiles of artists coming from Poland and/or working in the Polish lands: Bertha Kalisch, Miriam Orleska, and Ester Goldenberg, who contributed to popularization of Shakespeare’s works among the Jewish community. Moreover, the article illustrates their contribution to the changes in the perception of Jewish theater from the “jargon drama” enterprise to an ambitious cultural institution with a Shakespearean repertoire. Among those discussed are the characters of Hamlet performed by Kalisch, Portia (The Merchant of Venice) played by Orleska, Jessica (The Merchant of Venice), and Ariel (The Tempest) interpreted by Goldenberg, and their assessment. The reception of these stage creations of Shakespearean heroes is analyzed on the basis of press materials published in daily newspapers and weeklies in Yiddish, Polish, and English. Some academic studies on the premieres of Hamlet, The Merchant of Venice, and The Tempest with participation of Jewish female artists have already been conducted, but their authors did not analyze the roles performed by those actresses and did not refer to the sources in Yiddish at all. The article discusses not only the artistic activities of Kalisch, Orleska, and Goldenberg, but also attempts to analyze the reception of the characters created by the latter two artists from the perspective of the social and political relations in the Second Polish Republic. Moreover, efforts were made to show that Jewish actresses, by impersonating heroines and heroes of Shakespeare’s plays, proved with their style of acting, professional preparation, and understanding of the nuances of the performed characters that Yiddish theater definitely deserved to be called a temple of art. Their creations became an inherent part of the history of Jewish, and thus the world’s Shakespearean theater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on George Bariþ (1812-1893), a Romanian historian, national activist, journalist and businessman from Transylvania. He was strongly interested in railways, which were at that time a very new mode of transportation in Transylvania and Hungary. As a lead journalist at the Gazeta de Transilvania, a Romanian newspaper published in Bra°ov (Kronstadt, Brassó), he wrote many articles on the design and construction of the railway network in the country, regularly informing his readers on the topic. He saw in the railways a way through which transportation, economy and society in general could progress. He was also a theoretician of the construction of railways, pointing to the necessity of involving the ministerial and local authorities, the challenges of the terrain crossed by the "iron road," and the financial costs involved. An important contribution is his description of the effective construction of a viaduct and a tunnel near Bratislava. Bariþ experienced transportation by train in its early decades: in 1847 he took the train from Buda to Bratislava, while five years later he travelled by train through Germany to Belgium and wrote newspaper articles and letters describing those experiences. As a traveler he saw numerous aspects pertaining to train journeys around 1850: the transformation of the art of traveling by train (speed, landscape), the social behavior of the fellow passengers, the train stations and their challenges, without forgetting the technical progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how the journalistic discourse becomes a stage for the discussions between different points of view about the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil when using the voice of science, supported by scientific knowledge, and the voice of the idiot, when combats the former voice. Our corpus consists of five headlines and five leads about the theme, published on the website of the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo between March 20 and 24, 2020. The dialogical relations analysis showed that journalistic discourse comes to be a bivocalization in the scientific discourse, expressing the voice of science diffusely; creates an arena of discussions between the voice of science and the voice of the idiot, bringing anti-science valuations when bivocalizes itself with the Bolsonarist discourse; and discredits the voice of the idiot, standing off from it through the quoted speech, as well as producing the effects of meaning over the Covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1917, after the United States joined the war in Europe and was no longer politically neutral, on the American front, the German ethnic press became a target for censors and critics. The general assumption was that German language papers bred disloyalty among German immigrant communities and posed a threat to the United States' war efforts. This study explores the editorial and political views of the German-language press during the summer of 1917 by assessing the tone of a sample of German language mainstream newspapers during July 1, 1917 through September 30, 1917. The findings show that the overall coverage was less loyal to Imperial Germany than had been argued by U.S. officials and censors. In an effort to assimilate, German immigrant newspapers widely published the U.S. government's official position, showed support for the American war effort, and focused on cultural affairs of the immigrant community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the potential of political cartoon discourse for creativity, critique and persuasion, in the representation of social actors and events and in the evaluation of the consequences of Brexit. The paper focuses on the use and interaction of metaphors, metonymies, blending strategies, and cultural models in cartoons depicting the Brexit conundrum, from the perspective of Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) (Charteris-Black, 2011; Musolff, 2012) and Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDS) (Machin, 2013). The case study adopts an integrated multifaceted framework in the analysis of a representative sample of cartoons selected from quality newspapers published in the UK. The aim is to reveal the synergistic interplay in: (a) the use of metaphors, metonymies, blending strategies, and cultural models in the depiction of social actors, phenomena and events; (b) the features of creativity in the expression of political commentary by professional cartoonists (novelty, recontextualization); and (c) the role of political cartoons in the critique and challenge of political power, by creating counter-narratives and acting as vehicles of persuasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper aims at presenting and describing some texts published in the newspapers El Argentino and El Hogar under the pseudonym "Mórdicus", behind which we have identified the figure of Arturo Costa Álvarez. A decisive proof for this identification lies in the finding of a set of manuscripts for unpublished articles also signed by the abovementioned pseudonym among the legacy of this author, preserved by the Biblioteca Pública de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, in a section bearing Costa Álvarez's name. A transcription of these manuscripts is offered in the appendix to the following paper. In the texts signed by Mórdicus, we can see how Costa Álvarez reinforces what his contemporary interventions in magazines, journals and newspapers at that time aimed at -that is, not only to establish itself as an authorized voice in the glotopolitical debate of its time, but also to defend that place against the emergence and advancement, in the 1920s, of the Instituto de Filología, an institution with directors from the Center for Historical Studies from Madrid. He does this from an alternative position, provided by the pseudonym and pervaded with mordacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The government has taken an initiative to improve the MBBS admission process in the country to eradicate the academic dishonesty and encourage the deserving candidates for MBBS enrolment. The Supreme Court has paved the way to hold the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET), a common entrance test for admission to undergraduate and postgraduate medical courses, from the 2016-17 academic year onwards. This paper aims to focus on the contention raised by various stakeholders associated with it and examines the pass percentage of plus two State Board examinations in 2015, 2016 and 2017 and admission details for 2016 and 2017. Design/methodology/approach: The researchers adopted exploratory research. The researchers studied the medical admission process at national and global levels. They collected data of MBBS admission, NEET, State Board and CBSE plus two results and information from newspapers, website and magazine articles. Many experts published articles in newspapers. No study analysed data and made an exhaustive exploratory study. This motivates the researcher to do the same. Simple percentage, percentage change, correlation analysis and the sign test are used to determine whether the State Board or CBSE students get benefitted out of NEET to become medical professionals. Findings: There is no significant relationship between MBBS enrolment of students (both State Board and CBSE students) before and after the NEET was introduced. From correlation analysis, it is inferred that the pass percentage of students who studied under State Board and MBBS enrolment were lesser in 2017 than 2016. It is also inferred that many districts students' enrolment in MBBS course have increased from 2016 to 2017. The researchers concluded that because of NEET, CBSE students got more enrolment in MBBS course in 2017 compared with State Board students in 2016. Research limitations/implications: The researchers found that the students with State Board examinations enrolled in lesser number for MBBS course than CBSE students in Tamil Nadu. There is a scope for improvement in designing and implementing NEET with the deliberations among different stakeholders involved with the medical education system, which will help in reducing the rampant corruption and, most importantly, pave the way for a selection based on merit in medical education. Possibly, this will also work as a safeguard to the sanctity of the medical profession in India and at the global level. Originality/value: The researcher collected data from newspapers, websites and journals. Many experts discuss about, for and against NEET. No one analysed the data. This is a unique article that has more statistical analysis and meaningful interpretations from analysis. This paper will be useful to the government at national and global levels to frame medical admission procedure and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to answer the key question regarding to what extent the Spanish population knew about the Holocaust. To accomplish this, the paper analyzes a significant chapter in history, namely, the liberation of Auschwitz by the Soviet troops in January 1945. Thanks to the analysis of a wide repertoire of Spanish newspapers published during the same year, it can be seen how the Spanish population was informed about this event within the context of Francoist dictatorship. The analysis of these pieces of news by means of different media of the Spanish press of that time will enable us to answer a series of questions which have not been answered yet in the Spanish historiography such as: how were the accounts of the concentration camps, gas chambers, death marches and other atrocities committed against the prisoners? Why did it take such a long time for the Spanish press to publish the news which had been circulating in the foreign press? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a conceptual framework to understand the innovation‐based restructuring of industries in a regional context. The framework includes how firms create new assets, reuse existing assets, and overcome hampering barriers to support innovation processes. The framework also covers how such asset modifications take place at the innovation system level. A core argument is that innovation activity is strengthened and regional restructuring supported when firms' internal assets are aligned with assets at the regional innovation system level. We illustrate the framework with empirical examples of how digitalization as an innovation process takes place in firms in traditional manufacturing industries and in local newspapers in the Agder region in southern Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News about drugs is important for health professionals, businesses, and the general public. However, studies examining news articles about drugs are lacking. This paper uses content analysis to examine articles about drugs in 17 Spanish newspapers (13 general, two business, and two professional) from 2008 through 2017. On average, general and business newspapers published three articles about drugs every week, and professional newspapers published 14 every week. Overall, the number of articles about drugs decreased by 10%. The most covered drug-related topics in 2017 were cancer and generics; the least covered was preclinical research. Four times more articles were published on clinical than on preclinical research. Business newspapers published more about clinical and preclinical research than other types of newspapers. Articles about drugs accounted for 0.5% (n=838/178,926) of all articles in the general newspapers, 0.8% (n=468/55,800) in the business newspapers, 8.5% (n=415/4,856) in the medical newspapers, and 1.2% (n=19/1,645) in the science news agency SINC. This study used a new strategy to search and identify newspaper articles through content analysis of large volumes of information and offered relevant data to guide future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the way in which leading Yorkshire newspapers, the Leeds Intelligencer and the Leeds Mercury, portrayed mental illness during the late Georgian era. In this period, newspapers were a central forum of public debate, yet a comprehensive analysis of the way they represented mental illness is lacking from the scholarship. Through the textual analysis of the newspaper miscellanies, this paper locates the subject of insanity within the middle-class Northern readership during the years of 1800 to 1840. The press content provides a fascinating glimpse of the opinions of the newly emerging psychiatric practitioners and the peculiarly middle-class fears and concerns about mental illness and its supposed increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Second World War, Greece's German occupation brought forth a number of resistance organizations. Towards the war's end right and leftist organizations engaged in a power struggle that caused the beginning of the Civil War (1944-1949). Turkish minority had a hard time due to communist gangs' activities. Communist gangs, raiding villages, engaged in armed conflict against government forces. During this period the Turkish minority collaborated with the Greek government. Eventually, the Greek government declared amnesty and after 1947 a Cleansing Operation began. With the Cleansing Operation, communist gangs were hit hard. With the establishment of a supreme war court, trials commenced. The Greek state helped to ameliorate the damage caused by the militants. However, the Turkish minority did not benefit enough from the war reparations. Apart from the difficulties brought about by the Civil War, taxes and bad weather conditions caused the economic deterioration of the Turkish minority. On the other hand, Turkish organizations could not continue their activities. The multiplicity of problems finally had an impact on education in the Western Thrace Turkish schools, interrupted by the militant activities. As a result of the damages, Western Thrace Turks started migrating across the border to Turkey. This paper will utilize the Thrace newspaper published in Xanthi to discuss the impact of the militant activity on the economic and social life of Western Thrace Turks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]