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Along with other cultural organizations, newspapers, through waves of digital disruption, have become subject to a dominant narrative of crisis. But newspapers have long participated in change. A constructivist approach, qualified by consideration of media materiality, draws attention to diverse but essential processes of innovation around them. We see a contraflow of migration from digital to print, opening up a shared media space; bonding strategies are bringing multimedia to ink on paper, while bridging via boundary objects such as QR (Quick Response) codes are connecting the two. Among other initiatives, development of automation of news production and experiments with transparency are further evidence of an active embrace of change by newspapers that calls into question the discourse on their demise. This analysis inductively develops a nuanced account of the role of the newspaper as an object and as an institution. It suggests a hybrid, multifaceted, enduring presence of print in the complex media ecology of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User rankings provide detailed information about the news selection of internet audiences. Due to the difficult economic situation of many publishing companies, newsrooms are increasingly forced to take these data into account. This paper contributes to the debate about an increasing audience orientation in journalism. We conducted a content analysis of various media outlets and user rankings in order to explore current differences between journalistic news selection and selections of the audience. Our comparison criteria include news values and topics. The results show similarities in news values, but differences in preferred topics. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges presented by user rankings for the analysis of audience behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"To win the peasantry for the revolution". The Portuguese Communist Party and the process of organization of the Northern peasantry (1974-1975). This study scrutinizes the organization of the Northern peasantry promoted by the Portuguese Communist Party during the Carnation Revolution. Based on the review of the party press and newspapers, this paper suggests a path by which several organizational proposals (comissões camponesas, Movimento Livre de Agricultores, Ligas, movimentos) developed by the party before the permanent blockade opposed to that work, appeared, coexisted, and disappeared. In spite of the fast turns and some hesitation, that trajectory suggests a continuity regarding the underlying objective: the construction of a regional mass front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The article analyses the journalistic pieces produced and published by the newspaper elespectador.com during the electoral process of the Plebiscite for Peace 2016, in Colombia. The paper examines which are the information sources used by journalists to elaborate news, what are the journalistic genres used as well as the number of sources in each informative note. Methodology. Analysis of descriptive nature using a mixed methodology, that is, quantitative and qualitative techniques, therefore we considered content analysis as an efficacious tool to achieve our objectives. Results. news and opinion outstand as the preferred narrative journalistic genres; while the presence of documentary sources invigorating information is rather low. Conclusions. The poor journalistic quality is evident, resulting in a misinformed public opinion, fertilizing and conceiving a statements journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scientific publishing is undergoing significant changes due to the growth of online publications, increases in the number of open access journals, and policies of funders and universities requiring authors to ensure that their publications become publicly accessible. Most studies of the impact of these changes have focused on the growth of articles available through open access or the number of open-access journals. Here, we investigated access to publications at a number of institutes and universities around the world, focusing on publications in HIV vaccine research - an area of biomedical research with special importance to the developing world. Methods and Findings: We selected research papers in HIV vaccine research field, creating: 1) a first set of 50 most recently published papers with keywords ''HIV vaccine'' and 2) a second set of 200 articles randomly selected from those cited in the first set. Access to the majority (80%) of the recently published articles required subscription, while cited literature was much more accessible (67% freely available online). Subscriptions at a number of institutions around the world were assessed for providing access to subscription-only articles from the two sets. The access levels varied widely, ranging among institutions from 20% to 90%. Through the WHO-supported HINARI program, institutes in low-income countries had access comparable to that of institutes in the North. Finally, we examined the response rates for reprint requests sent to corresponding authors, a method commonly used before internet access became widespread. Contacting corresponding authors with requests for electronic copies of articles by email resulted in a 55-60% success rate, although in some cases it took up to 1.5 months to get a response. Conclusions: While research articles are increasingly available on the internet in open access format, institutional subscriptions continue to play an important role. However, subscriptions do not provide access to the full range of HIV vaccine research literature. Access to papers through subscriptions is complemented by a variety of other means, including emailing corresponding authors, joint affiliations, use of someone else's login information and posting requests on message boards. This complex picture makes it difficult to assess the real ability of scientists to access literature, but the observed differences in access levels between institutions suggest an unlevel playing field, in which some researchers have to spend more efforts than others to obtain the same information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Western Spy, a weekly newspaper published by Joseph Carpenter, first appeared in Cincinnati in 1799, four years before Ohio became a state. This article examines the Spy's coverage of Northwest Territory politics and the statehood movement from May 1799 through the Ohio General Assembly's first meeting in March 1803. The study found: the paper's political coverage largely consisted of the publication of raw data without an editorial narrative; the isolation of the Northwest Territory caused delays in the reporting of news, which influenced the Spy's news-gathering, sourcing, and publication schedule; and the paper's reliance on official documents for news often caused it to overlook underlying stories. But most importantly, the Spy exercised the power of the press in an impartial manner, making Carpenter a journalistic pioneer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a preliminary report on a current investigation about the characteristics of the processes of textual production in children who start to read newspapers on the Internet and write news in paper and computer. The goal is to describe and understand the processes of writing, including revisions. This project has the purpose of supporting the access to the written culture at school using ICT's to both to read and write. The research was conducted in three different schools (one in Córdoba city, one in the interior of the province and one in the San Juan city), with volunteers teachers form fourth (2008) and fifth grade (2009) News production activities are proposed to 30 children in every school and similar groups were made up with a previous criterion according to their command of the written language, the computer and the word processor. The groups write, revise and improve their texts with different instruments (pencil and paper/computer) with the purpose of making comparisons. The proposed textual type (Informative news article, news, accounts) is justified according to this characteristics and differences in relation to the short story, used in previous researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global crisis of the traditional press, some regional and local newspapers have been able to survive and get stronger thanks to adequate strategies that have been planned during the past few years and that now are beginning to bear fruit. This paper aims at analysing one of these models, exploring the keys of a particular case such as the North American newspaper The News & Observer, in North Carolina. This newspaper, that belongs to the McClatchy group, has gone for a hybrid paper-online model, with meticulous spaces for citizen participation, and for a hyperlocal press with a character all of its own. A comparative analysis of that model with the Spanish daily newspaper Información is also carried out. This newspaper is published in Alicante and belongs to the Prensa Ibérica group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The former head of Pearson Education, McGraw-Hill Book Publishing, and Harcourt Brace Jovanovich presents an assessment of the state of publishing during this recession. The paper analyses actions taken by publishers in previous downturns, recommends approaches to dealing with recessions that maintain long-term health of the business. Recessions can mask more profound problems, such as happened in the newspaper industry and as is occurring in trade publishing. The paper also analyzes outlook for college and school publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate over the absence or presence of death in public discourse has dominated death studies for some time. While the argument that death had been removed from public discourse and only existed in the private realm dominated at first, in recent years scholars have come to accept that death has moved back into public discourse. An important aspect has been the role played by the mass media. However, there has been little empirical research as to what level of death is actually visible, for example in terms of photographs. To this end, this paper examines how two German and two Australian newspapers cover death in terms of graphic photographs. By examining the number and types of photographs published during a 2-month timeframe, as well as through in-depth interviews with journalists, this paper argues that visible death is still largely absent from public discourse. Importantly, there exist differences as to what level of graphic death is acceptable between individual newspapers, as well as countries, supporting the argument that the absence/presence of death dichotomy needs to be viewed in a much more complex light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The London Daily Express proclaimed the maxim 'No War this Year' on its front pages as late as 7 August 1939. Newspaper historian Stephen Koss has suggested that the 'no war' slogan was a 'delusion' on the part of the proprietor, Lord Beaverbrook. Berlin chief correspondent, R. Selkirk Panton, was instrumental in ensuring that the policy line was observed through both his news stories and opinion pieces throughout 1938 and 1939. This paper aims to explore the extent to which Panton shared his employer's views, as well as tracing the divergent path of the Express from the rest of Fleet Street and Panton's position as a political outsider within the 'foreign press colony' of Berlin. Through the examination of several key stories during the last year before the outbreak of war, in his copy and personal correspondence, a critical evaluation of how Panton negotiated the space between the policy of the paper and the European crises on which he reported can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article states that according to three-quarters of editors in small newspapers in the U.S., with circulations of fewer than 25,000, accuracy of news was a serious problem. An unintended or a careless error in a published news story can cause severe repercussions, whether inside a community served by a small paper or throughout a country that reads a national edition. The American Society of Newspaper Editors conducted a major survey examining credibility in newspapers and found that accuracy was at the top of both journalists' and readers' concerns. Research have found that, over time, high quality news content positively affects circulation and small papers that put money back into their newsrooms to improve the quality of their news product end up realizing higher revenues. The study found that less than half of the editors thought accuracy had gotten worse over time at their own newspaper, but nearly two-thirds thought that accuracy had indeed declined over time in the print news media overall.

News writing is organized in accordance with a norm usually visualized as an inverted pyramid. The purpose is to support a focus to tell the reader, which information is the most actual, important and relevant. News is also stories about selected factual events narrated and re-narrated by sources and journalists. The involved communication acts of journalism are important tools in the hands of the writer by means of which news is made understandable, credible and interesting. The tools are used differently in papers and genres, and they are still influenced by the continuous competition among the daily papers in the market. The purpose of this article is to explore, punctually demonstrate and explain the narrative norms that govern the writing of news. It defends the point of view that the contextual conditions of this journalistic activity is developing narrative modes and voices that fit into the ongoing fight for the attention of a treacherous public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the manner through which the International Hockey League (IHL) and its operations were portrayed in newspaper coverage in the larger urban centers of eastern Canada, where hockey had its developmental and organizational roots within the middle- and upper-middle-class community, and compares it to coverage that appeared in newspapers in the communities that hosted IHL teams, which were communities driven by industry and had large working-class populations. To do so, a comparison of newspaper coverage of the IHL in local IHL newspapers with reports published in newspapers in major Canadian cities strongly associated with the origins, development, and organizational control of ice hockey, is undertaken. The development of the sport of ice hockey in both Canada and the USA, and newspaper coverage generally, and hockey specifically, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is reviewed. Representative examples of the coverage of IHL games and operations over the course of its three-year operations are then provided. Having compared the coverage of games and operations of the IHL between IHL and Canadian-based newspapers, the paper concludes with a discussion of how business competition, competing ideologies toward high-level sport, and class-based perceptions regarding violence, aggression, and masculinity can affect the newspaper coverage of sporting events.

This article discusses how the British Labour Party's leadership opposed and then reluctantly welcomed the takeover in 1984 of the "Daily Mirror" newspaper and its sister papers by Robert Maxwell. It considers the significance of this decision by detailing the history of the Mirror's ownership and the particular importance of the paper not having a single proprietor for 50 years. It briefly outlines the position of Neil Kinnock and Labour on journalistic autonomy in the press prior to the Maxwell takeover. By outlining evidence from Neil Kinnock's private papers, it details the secret negotiations held between Kinnock and the Mirror staff in their bid to oppose Maxwell. It also considers how Maxwell intervened and why Kinnock had limited choice but to welcome this "monster," in order to maintain newspaper support for the Labour Party.

The Australian media's interest in education, as in many Anglophone countries, is frequently dominated by concerns about boys in schools. In 2002, in a country region of the Australian State of Queensland, this concern was evident in a debate on the merits of single sex schooling that took place in a small local newspaper. The debate was fuelled by the inclusion in this newspaper of an advertising brochure for an elite private girls' school. The advertisement utilized the current concerns about boys in schools to advocate the benefits of girls' only schools. Drawing on research that suggests that boys are a problem in school, and utilising a peculiar mix of liberal feminism alongside a neo-liberal class politics, it implicitly denigrated the education provided by government co-educational schools. The local government high and primary school principals, incensed at this advertisement, contacted the paper to refute many of its claims and assumptions and to assert the benefits, to both boys and girls, of their particular schools. A letters to the editor debate then followed an article representing these government school principals' views. These letters were from two private school principals. This country newspaper thus became a medium through which various school principals engaged with the current boys' debate, and research associated with it, in order to market their schools. This paper examines this particular newspaper debate and argues that, in the absence of nuanced, research based, and thoughtful policy responses to gender issues, many school policies on gender are being shaped through and by the media in ways that elide the complexities of the issues involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its centenary year the British tabloid periodical, the 'Daily Mirror,' is going through a significant transformation, the most obvious sign of which is the effort to realign itself in the British newspaper market. Editor Piers Morgan argued the re-launch was not about going up market but about becoming a serious paper with serious news, serious sport, serious gossip and serious entertainment. The 'Daily Mirror' has been at the forefront of the development of popular newspaper journalism since its launch in 1903 as the 'First Daily Paper for Gentlewomen.' The late 1940s, 50s and 60s were the heyday of the paper.

Between 1898 and 1912 numerous newspapers published exposés and editorials about the conditions of women's work in diverse trades and lobbied for the enactment of protective labour legislation; these papers spanned the political spectrum. This article examines how two significant left-wing papers, Robert Blatchford's Clarion and Labour's first daily newspaper, the Daily Citizen, handled these issues. The former supported government protection for women poisoned by their work in the match and pottery trades; the latter sought aid for endangered and sweated women in the hollow-ware trade. These left-wing newspapers incorporated techniques and strategies that the mainstream press had pioneered and their position on women's work was indistinguishable from their new liberal counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free daily newspapers, first introduced in Sweden in 1995, have proved to be much more than a passing phenomenon. By 2002, 80 free daily newspapers were introduced in 26 countries, 60 of them still exist. In thirteen countries free papers are responsible for more than ten percent of the total daily weekday circulation. The total circulation of the 60 free papers is almost 10 million copies, every day more than 20 million people read these papers. Vie success of the free papers is the result of their efficient cost structure and their ability to reach a new and relatively young audience. When looking more closely at the firms that publish these free newspapers two different models emerge; first, the entrepreneur entering a new market, and second the local or national newspaper firm. In the second model, free papers are launched to prevent other firms entering the market or to counter new firms already in the market. In the long run these obstructive tactics may develop into more positive strategies. Most readers are former ‘non-readers’ or people who read paid and free newspapers. Existing firms are developing strategies to benefit from the growing readership of newspapers created by free papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the relationship of the New York Times paper, Reform Judaism and the Holocaust. Details of the dissemination of the Holocaust by the paper; Importance of Times publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger's partisan role in the debate within the Jewish community over Zionism; Views of Reform Jews on Zionism.

Spain has a highly partisan media system, with newspapers reaching self-selected partisan audiences and espousing explicitly partisan editorial preferences. Do the newspapers of the left and right differ in how they cover politics in ways that can be predicted by their partisan leanings? We review theories of issue ownership, journalistic standards, and information scarcity and test hypotheses derived from each. We find that the parties converge substantially in virtually every aspect of their coverage. Few differences emerge when we look at what topics are covered or in the dynamics of which topics gain attention over time. However, we confirm important differences across the papers when they make explicit reference to individual political parties. Journalistic norms result in a surprising focus on the faults of one’s enemies, however, rather than the virtues of one’s allies. Our assessment is based on a comprehensive database of all front-page stories in El País and El Mundo, Spain’s largest daily newspapers, from 1996 through 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper sheds light on newspaper sub-editors, the “forgotten stepchildren of the newsroom” and considers their position within the larger organizational model of the newsroom. In order to explore the sub-editor's position in the news production chain, we take an ethnographic approach. We draw on participant observation in the newsrooms of a Belgian broadsheet and a broadsheet from the Netherlands. In our study of the sub-editor, we observe how at both newspapers the newsroom model differs from those previously described by Esser, and we propose the term “Lowlands newsroom model”. At the same time, we demonstrate how, although the same Lowlands newsroom model is applied in both newsrooms, the spatial setting, division of workload and the sub-editor's profile impact on the sub-editor's ability to intervene in the news production process. We argue that exploring this newsroom model is necessary, not only considering the general newsroom flow, but also the much debated future of the newspaper “subber”. Furthermore, we aim to open the door to future journalism studies research of the sub-editor and hope to move towards a more complete definition of the sub-editor as a—in the language of Gieber—genuine “newspaperman”. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

News publications of militant organizations in Pakistan discursively create identities through a set of antagonistic relationships, articulating the identities of us versus them. The identity of umma, or global Muslim community, is created in opposition to the 'Other,' which has real-life consequences for religious minorities within Pakistan and for the peace in the region and the world at large. These publications construct an 'enemy' whose identity is purely negative and cannot be represented positively in a given discursive formation. I have used Laclau & Mouffe's (1985) discourse theory to analyze the discourse of daily Islam, which is published by a pro-al Qaeda militant organization. The main argument of this paper is to stress the importance of social antagonism when an identity of "us" is created in opposition to a constitutive outside. This constitutive outside becomes "them" or the "other," which is demonized and dehumanized as the result of a successful articulation or 'chaining' of the subject in the flow of discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As American newspapers came under various forms of financial strain in the 1940s, arguably the most significant threat facing the industry during this period was an onslaught of media criticism in conjunction with a series of attempted state interventions. This paper fleshes out recurring themes of 1940s media criticism and shows how they coincided with moves toward regulating the press, which had begun in the late 1930s. Using historical methods, including close readings of newspaper, trade press, and activist literature and other materials that shed light on debates around press reform, this critical revisionist history brings into focus a formative period in the American press system's development. The history that emerges from this archival evidence does not simply bring previously under-researched areas into focus; it also questions the presumed natural laissez-faire arrangement between the American government and the press—an assumption that largely remains intact to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]