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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the commitment of the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH) to geographic education and specifically to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through the Geography Commission and the Geographic Education Committee, this organisation is developing various initiatives for the implementation of the SDGs in the Pan-American context. Methodologically, a documentary analysis of the writings of the PAIGH and specifically of the geographic education network was carried out. Among the main results, it can be seen that the documents and works analysed are aimed at developing the SDGs through geographic thinking, the use of new technologies and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to carry out a conceptual approach to the heritage landscape from its forms of material and scientific production, whose scope is applied to the study of spaces for tourist activity. The methodological procedure is based on documentary analysis of sources associated with academic articles, manuals on landscape intervention, international declarations, books by authors by relevance, among others. With this, it can be determined that through a process of hyperspecialization of scientific knowledge with epistemological classification, the landscape phenomenon and its production (conceptual and material) is intertwined with the dimensions of the geographic space associated with region, environment, territory and place, the which are given socially recognized values to their objects, subjects and actions, thus obtaining patrimonial status. Thus, it is proposed to identify three analytical possibilities where tourism responds to the production of space and objects placed in heritage value through the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper intends to briefly provide a historical panorama of the public policies that shaped housing in Portugal and Brazil. In a sequential approach, it elaborates on the initial enterprises and actions towards housing issues, going through periods of dictatorship and re-democratization, until reaching current times of intensive financing in Portugal and the shift of housing policies in fostering the economy of Brazil. Subsequently, some general analyses and comparisons of these routes are introduced, dealing with the social impact of the considered policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper is about landscape and some pathways that geography has taken over time to address such an important category. At the same time, the cracks and gaps of such historiographic trajectory are unveiled to enable artistic approaches to surface and become an invitation to think about other geographies related to people's creative experiences. Such geographies shift from a hegemonic view (heteronormative, white and from the global north), which assumes spatial production linked to cultural and social processes, thus dissolving the "human - nature" dichotomy, adding new perspectives to the trend of experience (BONDÍA, 2002) as an essential point for their elaborations. In an invitation towards the unknown (WRIGHT, 2014) in which we can see geographies everywhere (COSGROVE, 2004), the paper provides pathways to what the author calls storytelling geography - relating the art of storytelling to spatial experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the dearth of theoretical work published by physical geographers on issues around epistemology and method, this paper discusses two main topics: first, some connections between Physical Geography and Philosophy and its relations with scientific thought; then, issues on method, methodology, and hierarchical levels of approach resorted to in the study of geosystems - the guiding perspective in this paper. The study drew on bibliographic research and took into account the Russian-Soviet view on geosystems in order to systematize and problematize the ideas developed by Physical Geography, with emphasis on its theoretical-methodological linkages. Subsequently, the study sought to articulate the historical context of development of general systems theory and geosystems theory, based on their conceptual and methodological particularities. A diachronic examination of the structuring and grounds of geosystems theory allowed establishing conceptual correlations in the field of Physical Geography in particular, considering its backgrounds in the history of scientific thought in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses some insurgent spatial practices from the indigenous movement in Brazil considering the contemporaneous conjuncture of juridical-legal offensive. Firstly, we have offered as a background a discussion about the problem of the colonial origin imposed by the modern State in what we call America, an element that is present until today in countless conflicts of territorialities in our continent and that have repercussions on current indigenous spatial practices. Afterward, we have contextualized the juridical-legal offensive in contemporary Brazil, highlighting the thesis of the marco temporal ("time frame”) still being judged in the Federal Supreme Court and the main Bills in progress in the National Congress that constitute an antiindigenous agenda. Next, we have focused on the insurgent spatial practices, notably the retomadas and self-demarcations, and, in addition, the constitution of networks and the politics of scale. In the following section, we have deepened the analysis of a territorial experience of self-demarcation related to the Munduruku Planalto people, in Santarém, western Pará. Finally, we have concluded by highlighting the limits of the logic of the modern State facing reconquest and defense of indigenous territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The academic community has shown a growing concern with the disappearance and mischaracterization of springs across the planet, despite the advocated importance of these hydrosystems. A tacit gap refers to the lack of consensus regarding techniques for environmental assessment of springs, which many times, do not understand all the complexity inherent to them. This paper reports the results of a Panel of Experts (Delphi technique) to define the most relevant parameters for the assessment of springs in Brazil. The elected indicators were classified in the State-PressureResponse model and qualified according to their acceptance in the scientific community. Finally, the list of parameters that emerges from this proposal compiles interdisciplinary, interscalar and diverse indicators, which can collaborate for the governance of Brazilian springs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the globalization scenario, international migration intertwines the Brazilian territory. Among the migrant groups, there are subjects of Italian origin with the profile of investors. Thus, the objective of this paper is to explain how the networks allow the existence of territorialities, permanencies and the configuration of an urban economy of migration of Italian investors in the state of Ceará, Brazil. For this, the research methodology consists of the selection of concepts and themes that guide the analysis; survey of secondary data and journalistic information, as well as fieldwork (landscape observation and interviews). With the accomplishment of the research, it was possible to verify that: (i) Italian migrants with an investor profile have a trajectory of international migration in Latin American countries, as well as to some Brazilian states. When they arrive in Ceará, they make small and medium investments (in terms of volume of capital invested); (ii) the investments are linked to Tourism (hotel, lodging and recreation); Gastronomy (restaurants) and Land incorporation; (iii) the choice to reside and invest in Ceará is due to the configuration of migratory networks, which articulate subjects, usually from the same territorial origin; (iv) the territorial origin is considered a key variable for the articulation of economic and social cooperation actions, as well as the construction of territorialities and possible permanence in the territory of migration. With the analysis of the results, it was possible to affirm that in the current period there is the configuration of a new Geography of international migration in Brazil, in which the Northeast region acts as a central node of migratory movements and networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes teaching characteristics which are implicit to the characters of the movie "The boy who harnessed the wind". The film was compared to the students' teaching experiences. A dialogue about their representations and impacts on their/our practices in the classroom was conducted. We started to write during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Through remote synchronous meetings with students of the degree course in Geography - Supervised Internship Discipline, we used the film as a didactic resource. The results show that the students were impacted by the skills, abilities and attitudes represented by the characters, reiterating practices they considered as positive while others were reprehensible examples. The conclusion demonstrates that the use of films in the education of the geography teacher can be a satisfactory tool when its complementarity is observed, as well as the objectives and adequate didactic-pedagogical mediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meteorological stations are essential for climatology studies. However, they have a high cost of acquisition and, in some places, only one is available to cover a wide geographical area, which brings inaccuracy to the gathered data when we take into account the different regions of the city. In that regard, the main goal of this paper was the development and evaluation of a meteorological station that could provide readings of its sensors based on the Internet of Things on a web platform with free access, notifying the users of how the climate in the venue is, where the station was set up at the time of the access. The proposed solution (named IoTupã) has low cost, potential of implementation in various regions, as well as it generates and stores the data to be used in teaching and research. An evaluation was conducted in order to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement performed by the station. Preliminary results indicate that the built station was successful in its purpose and presents satisfactory accuracy on the calibrations performed in rural and urban areas of the city of Porto Seguro - BA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the geographical approach on the (re)emergence of the concept of "milieu" in the frameworks of the analysis of contemporary neoliberal economic rationalities. It is intended to preliminary retrace the different meanings of the notion and concept of "milieu" and its relationship with the notions of environment and ecology. Next, we approach the perspective of the destructive economy and environmental devastation in its counterpoint with the concept of medium. In conclusion, there is the emergence of new perspectives of the "milieu" that open up other possibilities in the relationship of society and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining has been an agent of intense transformation of Brazilians territory since the colonial period. The Central Region of Brazil, due its location and constants disputes of the regional elites, it gains highlight as a logistical zone where large state projects have been materializing and serving the logic of the present market in each period. Strategic minerals such as gold, copper, niobium, and nickel, through the newly developed technologies, gain prominence in the global scenario for the manufacture of the indispensable materials used in modern society. This paper presents the importance of mining and logistics in the region named by Souza; Pedrosa (2016) as Roteiro da Missão Cruls for Brazil. The research of secondary sources found in specialized scientific works, as well as secondary data extracted from bodies such as IBGE, SAED, ANTT and ANM were used in the systematization for mapping the geographical information. This paper is a diagnostic study of the reality of mining in this region of Brazil in the contemporary context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The territory conception was developed through the history of geographic thought thus becoming one of its most important analytical tools. In this sense, using this conception plays a crucial role regarding the comprehension of current issues such as the struggle for social rights and conflicts, derived from the clashes of different forms of power. Considering that the results of Gol 1907 flight accident unsettled some matters which have a cultural stamp for the Mebêngôkre indigenous people, in this paper it was shown how does the recognition of rights and immaterial damage compensation had become an achievement for its people and, in extension, for other ethnic groups, becoming a landmark for the indigenous struggle in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we place a set of anti-racist scalar actions carried out by the institution Health, Development and Education Community (in Portuguese: Comunidade de Saúde, Desenvolvimento e Educação) in 2019 in the city of Porto Nacional, Tocantins, Brazil. The research methodology compares the data of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics with those of the authors of epidemiology, health geography, documental sources, informal interviews, and with the own reality of Porto Nacional. We noted that the activities of the Health, Development and Education Community take place in schools, kindergartens, hospitals, and health centers by articulating education and nutrition since its creation. We concluded that its community actors articulate a set of reparations for racial equality, bringing together social movements, health professionals, teachers, and artists. The connections of the Health, Development and Education Community go through food and sanitation, income, education level and birth rates, housing and nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the city - any city - as a means of communication, so that this perspective may be included in geographical and interdisciplinary studies. Written as an essay, this paper has been designed as follows: there is evidence that the city communicates. Thus, the evidences found were systematized individually, by comparing the literature with research experiences developed on a specific place in São Paulo. The first evidence concerns "seeing and hearing" with attention to the city, the second, "patrimony and the underlying order", deals with how the built environment participates in communication and, thirdly, "patrimony and subjectivity", ir concerns the personal involvement with the places of the city. In the end, the evidences listed are related to each other, and it is expected to contribute to future research -- perhaps under the aegis of a ComunicaCidade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent expansion of agribusiness in Tocantins state's savannah has brought several kinds of changes to this biome territory, among them environmental ones. Its consequences may affect the climate, water resources, socio-biodiversity, and people's ways of life, particularly those who live in the countryside and rely directly on nature to support themselves. Grounded on such a context, this paper offers an overview of the current scenario of municipalities in Tocantins state based on indicators concerning agriculture and cattle raising (e.g. planting/pasture areas and cattle) as well as the environment (e.g. accumulated deforestation and deficits of legal reserves and permanent protection areas). The study verified, within the limits of each municipality, the existence of traditional communities and rural settlements, groups regarded as more exposed and vulnerable to agribusiness' negative effects on the environment. This paper ultimately aims to learn more about the context surrounding this topic at state level and identify municipalities that demand priority in the production of in-depth studies and the enforcement of public policies for environmental monitoring, inspection, and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper originates from Chapter 2 of the masters dissertation entitled O Ensino do Lugar e o Lugar do Ensino: o conceito de lugar geográfico como dimensão de uma educação emancipadora no Ciclo II do Ensino Fundamental ["The Teaching of Place and the Place of Teaching: The Concept of Geographic Place as Part of an Emancipatory Education in Cycle 2 of Brazil's Elementary School"]. It presents an indepth analysis of the concept of place in geography, including various theoretical perspectives (particularly the critical and humanistic approaches) and the concept's scientific meanings and daily applications in Geography teaching in Cycle 2 of Brazil's elementary school. Furthermore, this paper addresses the dialectic relation between place and world from a multiscale approach, immersed in present-day economic globalization. Its aim is to shed light on debates concerning the geographic place in both academic and school-based geography, hence identifying and analysing the theoretical foundations required to foster reflections on pedagogical classroom practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countless urban revitalization or urban renewal projects have been implemented in innumerous cities around the world. The results cause what social scientists call gentrification. There is, however, a great debate about the use of this term. While some criticize its indiscriminate use, others believe it is necessary to make the concept a little more complex. This paper intends to discuss the definitions and the use of the gentrification term. Furthermore, our hypothesis consists that the gentrification is not a collateral effect or a natural catastrophe; it is planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multifunctional and multi-sited corporations maximize advantages executing spatial diffusion and functional diversification. However, the urge for constant expansion doesn't exempt from the political-institutional arrangements necessary to create new spaces for the capital sum. Thus, they are organizations that practice a flagrant influence over the production processes in the geographic space. This paper analyses the spatialities of the Algar Group, considering its horizontality and verticality cuttings, as well as its network organization. Therefore, it enters the arena of space strategies, organizational and sociopolitical ones which permeate the case on screen, the scope of clarifying the capacities of influence, of bargain and the primary power relations. The methodological procedures were based on bibliographic research, documental ones and on the mapping of the obtained information. The analysis points out, therefore, that the spatialities of the Algar Group are like an amalgam of intrinsic distortions to the territorial division of labor in force in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes up the assumptions of the theory of economic segmentation and power networks developed in the early 1980s, with the purpose of providing a theoretical framework to explain the industrial changes in space. Contrary to the structuralist and descriptive aspects that at the time characterized studies in Industrial Geography, the approach to segmentation and power networks is part of the set of works of corporate geography or geography of corporations, whose central concern was to reestablish business organizations as central agents of economic change. Throughout the article, we outline the main characteristics, theoreticalmethodological assumptions and weaknesses of this approach. Although the proposal for segmentation and power networks presents some problems (absences from the discussion on the State and capital-labor conflicts, static innovation, determined segmentation etc.), its assumptions support the understanding of the diversity of companies in terms of the scale and scope of their operations and their insertion in a vast and complex network of unequal power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man, nature and alienation are a thematic articulation easily found in Marx and Engels' works and because of this, isolated or articulated, are themes often discussed by the commentators of the "creators of historic and dialectical materialism" works. This paper avoids directly discuss with these commentators, dedicating only to exercise the unveiling some kind of articulation, that, in our view, is in some fragments of works produced by Marx, in different moments of his life, and in one unique text of Engels. The main objective is evidencing the necessity of resume directly the author's texts to comment, and aims to propose some reflection, to mature the possible relation between our base works and the today development of geographic thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consolidation of popular housing programs in Chile in the first half of the 20th century must be understood under the dynamics of the political dispute and the configuration of the urban space, which respond to alliances between the working sectors and the State. In this paper, we analyze how this trajectory is mediated by utopian projective perspectives by both agents, until they reach the workers' orchards as a concrete materialization of those abstract utopias. Official documents and publications of the main managers of the production experiences of a specific urban space, Santiago in the first half of the 20th century, were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on what went beyond mere housing action, problematizing not only the right to housing, but how that right should be materialized. The utopian question, as a horizon of possibility, allows us to argue that the popular housing projects managed to be permeated by alternative ways of inhabiting the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how "Galibi do Oiapoque", "Galibi Marworono", "Palikur", and "Karipuna" build their place-territories where they exert territorial vigilance and develop their territorial identities independently of multiple interactions between these indigenous peoples. Research data was collected on bibliography, news reports, documents, association's and ONG's reunion transcripts and interviews. It is concluded that there is a place-territory proper to these indigenous peoples that is superposed in the Brazil-French Guiana frontier; there is a strong territorial identity, even if with fragilized territorialities facing spatial tensions decurrent from inadequate interventions and the absence of adequate indigenouscentered policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents contributions on the spatial diffusion of Covid-19 in the state of Tocantins, considering the spatial interactions of the main regional, sub-regional and micro-regional centers, as well as the regional particularities of this urban network. It was pointed out a complex geographical position in the North Center region of Brazil, with spatial articulations among regions, locations, cities and people, which facilitate the spread of the pandemic, not only through hierarchical interactions, but also through complementary interactions. Such interactions reveal two dispersion patterns, a vertical one and a horizontal one, which resulted in spatial configurations that combine nodes, axes and areas, which place Tocantins in a critical epidemiological situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address, in a broad manner, another interpretative framework for the standardized concept of urban in the work of Henri Lefebvre. It is, mainly, an effort to finding methodological elements used by the author that explain the intention behind this concept. My interest, then, is to conduct a research on the definition of urban by Lefebvre, in order to contribute to the understanding of this important philosopher's thought. The concept of urban has been the main topic of debates and controversies regarding Lefebvre's perspective, as it is evoked by the author in a broad sense - rather than in interpretative closure. The argument developed is that the conceptual arsenal of the author is similar to Adorno's Dialectics, thus acknowledging the non-concept status of how Lefebvre makes use of the signifier "urban". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to analyze the development of the surrounding areas of Dianópolis city (SAD) at southeast of Tocantins State, Brazil. Location Quotient (LQ) related to the employees working in formal jobs at the eight economic sectors emphasizing on agriculture was used. To calculate the LQ of productive activities, secondary data were collected at the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Employment database from 2006 to 2016. The dynamics of the Firjan Municipal Development Index (IFDM, Brazilian acronym) was analyzed, linking its values to LQ (Firjan is acronym for Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Industries Federation of the State of Rio de Janeiro). It was found that there was significant LQ for agriculture, vegetable extraction, hunting, and fishing only in the municipalities of Almas, Aurora do Tocantins, and Novo Alegre in 2006. On the other hand, there was significant LQ for Public Administration in ten (71.4%) municipalities among fourteen municipalities in 2006, increasing to eleven (78.6%) in 2016. Locational performance indicates the advance of agricultural activities in 50% of SAD municipalities in 2016. The LQ high value in this sector in 2016 reflects the positive impacts of the Manoel Alves irrigation project implemented in 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The garment production in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) used to be characterized by a concentration of companies and job opportunities in Natal. Recently, there was a reduction of these variables in the aforementioned capital, while a contrary movement was observed in the countryside of the state. The aim of this paper is to understand the changes in the territorial division of labor of the garment industry in RN. Methodology included bibliographic review, systematization of secondary data and empirical research. We found a redefinition of the division of labor, with agents promoting corporate usage of the territory. This causes dispersion of the production units that perform sewing services to municipalities in the Seridó region of the state. In contrast, the large factories continue to be in charge of production by performing other stages of the production process in the cities of Natal and Parnamirim. The outsourcing of the sewing production consolidated in Seridó an internal division of labor focused on the textile and clothing sector, with some municipalities sewing for large factories, while others specializing in producing clothing accessories and household textile articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to understand how agro-ecological speech has been appropriated by the capital and commodified by the resignified organic agriculture (with capitalized and corporatist traits), following a market-based, mechanized and chemified agriculture model. Furthermore, this study aims to understand how technical and political information are currently linked to organic agriculture. For this purpose, literature review and data analysis from secondary sources were performed. Thus, a contribution to the understanding of capital strategies that are dedicated to producing and reproducing capital in a large scale, considering its selective and uneven features, is presented. In addition, this study also contemplates the speech of environment protection and the defense of agro-ecological practices coupled with communication and information systems and normative processes of certification and productive conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text paper shows refers to the postdoctoral internship that had as its goal the analysis of how Geography teachers from Childhood to Higher Education deal with the map as cartographic language in their classes in Madrid (Spain) and in Goiânia (Brazil), from the perspective of contributing to the geographic education. With that purpose in mind, interviews were conducted with a reduced group of working teachers from different scholar levels. As a result, it was noticed that the map has been valued in these teachers' Geography classes, however, mainly from the perspective of the spatial thought by Spanish teachers, whereas Brazilian teachers link the map to daily readings and practices. Yet, as these teachers' academic training was heavily tied to Cartography in an Euclidian perspective, the work with maps revealed itself greatly associated with the teaching of cartographic subjects. It is expected to identify similarities and differences between these teachers' practices with this study, as well as to better guide the work with the cartographic language in Geography classes using the obtained analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climatic characteristics of the semiarid region strongly influence the dynamics of the vegetation cover and soil, as well as environmental variables such as albedo and vegetation indices, among others. Researches in the semiarid region of Paraiba state have been carried out applying methodologies to analyze these variables, mainly based on orbital data that have subsidized the monitoring of the different landscapes in the caatinga biome. Thus, this paper aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution and the quantification of surface albedo and SAVI vegetation index in different caatinga vegetation typologies in the Experimental Basin of São João do Cariri, Paraíba state. TM/Landsat-5 sensor images were used. The results showed that the albedo estimate was influenced by the spatial distribution of the vegetation typologies, which evidenced the level of land degradation, while the values obtained with the SAVI estimate did not present the pattern generally defined for the reflectance of the vegetation in the rainy or dry seasons in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Capital needs a favourable scenario for its reproduction and the lack of institutional guarantees can become a substantial limitation. Although its mobility is an intrinsic characteristic of the current phase of globalization, this is the reason that the Catalan secessionist attempt, which reached its peak with the referendum of 1 October 2017, promoted the transfer of a big number of companies in this Community to other Spanish regions, mainly to the Community of Madrid. This paper is structured in three sections and aims to analyze the historical and political circumstances in which this process occurred, as well as its consequences (loss of millions of euros in bank deposits, transfer of management centers, cancellation of international events, reduction in the number of tourists, etc.). Likewise, it examines, from opinions of experts, the effects that this process will continue to have in this and other Spanish Autonomous Communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Catalan capital city has become widely known, either through the Barcelona model under the auspices of the strategic planning process, either by the fascination building upon the 1992 Olympic Games. In order of host the sporting mega-event Barcelona'92, the Spanish city showed its level of compliance with the execution of urban regeneration megaprojects in the short term. In this light, this paper maps and examines the possible socio-spatial implications resulting from the planning process for structuring and appropriation of urban space. Therefore, it's the main goal is to unveil the socio-spatial contradictions hidden by the Barcelona'92. So, it explores the relation between sporting mega-events and evictions, and the historical implications of this phenomenon on Barcelona's socio-spatial structure. Therefore, bibliographical research and documentary research were contemplated through several sources aiming to make explicit the emblematic issue of removals with the urban transformations in the city of Barcelona. In addition, open and semi-structured interviews were conducted between 2011 and 2016. Given the success of Catalan strategic planning, preparations for Barcelona'92 reached several families through the construction of sports venues and urban transformation projects. In the case of removals, 624 families were impacted; have been displaced from the designated areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is entitled "The railroad as a way of national integration: a discourse on territorial unity" has as main aim the analysis of the geographic materiality projected from the discourses of military geopolitics, in this case, the Brazilian historian and geopolitical Nelson Werneck Sodré in line with the speech of Mario Travassos. A recurrent geopolitical perspective was addressed in the works and discourses promulgated by the military, namely: national integration and the formation of the internal market; the railways and territorial integration. The analysis is around of the perspective of formation of the Brazilian territory, constituting one of the theoreticalmethodological perspectives of the geographic thought: the geographic discourse as a form of projection of the territorial materiality of a State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current period of globalization, technique, science and information constitute an inseparable triad in the realization of the productive process, and this situation affects urban and agricultural spaces. Some of the elements that promote and disseminate new technical-scientific products for modern agricultural production are the agricultural fairs/exhibitions, which become showcases for productive consumption in the modern countryside. The objective of this paper is to investigate the role played by some agribusiness fairs held in the agricultural region currently known as MATOPIBA (which includes portions of Bahia, Maranhão, Piauí and Tocantins), especially Bahia Farm Show and Agrotins, which are the main fairs of innovations' propagation for agribusiness in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International agricultural trade has greatly altered the way food is grown, negatively affecting peasant livelihood and the natural environment. While the literature on this is extensive, efforts to understand how genetic variety is effected within such a process is limited. Wherefore, in this paper we explore the factors that determine the place of genetic resources in international trade. This is done by creating a conceptual framework to analyse different forms of power, a process necessary due to its contemporary fungible nature, in an attempt to asses how biotechnology can disclose power's other characteristics. We demonstrate how the instrumental use of biotechnology has become an apparatus to control food production globally and a means by which the international market homogenises food production. Through the use of a bio/geopolical gaze we identify that this course occurs within the realm of bioecnomics and geoeconomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report a recent witness experience of the activities of a research group (led by Prof. Dr. Agustín Aduriz-Bravo), engaged in designing, discuss and apply enhancement modes of science education. Draws attention their special commitment to Philosophy of Science issues - a fact that expresses an interest in epistemological training of current and future teachers. The paper presents the general characteristics of the group, highlighting the nature of the intellectual production of his mentor, Adúriz-Bravo. Furthermore, we emphasize value and merit of these studies - qualities that, in our opinion, could inspiring a new perspective for Geography Teaching research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents how the Environmental Education is seen in the High School years at the Brazilian Military School System. It analyses the dichotomy between the exacerbation of the environmental crisis, associated to the dependency of renewable and not renewable resources, and the exponential increase of wastes (when producing as well as consuming), and in the other side the deep discussions, expansion of knowledge on the natural dynamics and the dissemination of the environmental education. Considering this contradictory scenario, this paper brings the history of the environmental crisis, especially in the contemporary Brazilian contexts and, evaluates how the Plan of National Curricular Guidelines lead with the theme of environmental education. More precisely, the common core of the paper, it analyses the Brazilian Military School System Geography curricula programes concerning on the environmental issue, identifying the advances, limits and possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corporations exert an apparent role regarding the spatial organization of capitalism. Such rationality passes through the unceasing search for diffusion of the productive conditions indispensable to the reproduction of capital in an extended action scale. The present paper seeks to redeem critically an approach of economic and geographic studies which had importance in the understanding of the relation among corporation, space, network organization and political-economic ties bound along with the State institutional apparatus. Aiming, in this condition, to give continuity to the theoretical support which aims at granting intelligibility for spatial plots of the great corporation, thus understood as Geography's subject of appreciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the metaphysical propositions that overload the geographical discourse and, certainly, our conceptions of landscape, this paper is a revisit to the theme and dialogues with a set of quotes, provided by the friend and professor Nicolás Ortega Cantero, in one of his classes given at the Autonomous University of Madrid - remember, the articles I have already published about the subject are identified in the bibliography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Geography and Cinema is, increasingly, more expressive. When one observes the number of publications, specially since the 80s, it is possible to perceive that the interest towards the moving images has become considerably plural. The research problems built by researchers fascinates by its diversity and enchantes by the conceptual refinement achieved. In this sense, this article main objetive is to reflect about the new problematization regarding the concepts of space, landscape and place which were created from the approximation between Geography and Cinema. For such was conducted a research to look for text that discuss Cinema in Geographic journal and, throught those, were built the reflections regarding cinematic space, filmic space and narrative space, as well as cinematic place and the multiple ramifications of the landscape that are the focus of interest in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify Leptospirosis risk areas in the urban environment in Aracaju, capital city of the State of Sergipe in Brazil, seeking to identify the profile of the disease in the area studied, as well as the context in which the disease happens and its relations with socio-environmental variables, from 2010 to 2015. This is an ecological, descriptive, analytical and quantitative study, using bibliographical and documentary research based on secondary data, ending with the use of geospatial modeling. The model which was prepared for the Leptospirosis risk in Aracaju delimited three distinct zones, in which the one of highest risk covers the neighborhoods of the northern periphery of the city, as well as the southern peripheral zone, both with the lowest levels of income and deficiencies in terms of infrastructure. The acknowledge of socio-environmental risk areas with disease concentration becomes important for endemic control actions, since they are integrated with other public policies aimed at improving sanitation, housing, education and income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years a series of actions in order to turn urban spaces into protagonists of local food systems has emerged, as part of a process that is more visible in the Northern Hemisphere - but also present in the Southern Hemisphere - a fact that marks the "second generation" of the alternative proposal of food sovereignty. Examples include food policy councils, farm markets, urban gardens, orchards and others. Based on these references, this paper offers an analysis of the implementation of school gardens in Vancouver, Canada, by using the qualitative method. It is noteworthy that, despite taking place in public schools, those most responsible for such initiatives are Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) that develop projects promoting local agriculture and food literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand is wide use material, that denote the economic importance of the ore, recognized by the Brazilian National Department of Mineral Production as a kind of material for immediate utilization, which has a simplified concession, through licensing. Mining as a contribution for building construction is presented in this paper as one of the important factors for the high quantity of sand extracted in the state of Goiás (Brazil). With a relevant amount of extracted ore and marketed among so-called non-metallic minerals, sand has still a social impact, whereas the official data consider only legal extraction. However it is known that there are several sources of informal sand extraction. The economic relevance of the sand extraction does not mean that, on the part of the State, effective control on the mineral or environmental aspects. This implies a commitment to the urban planning of municipalities, environmental liabilities to waterways, in addition to social losses, considering the labor aspects, adding economic losses, such as CFEM and ICMS taxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the erosivity and erodibility mapping along the pipeline OSBRA, which cut the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás. For mapping the erosivity, the erosivity indices were calculated to each weather station near the studied area. To map the erodibility, soils were grouped in classes considering similar resistance to erosion processes, and their erosive susceptibility were subsequently classified. Based on the erosivity and erodibility mappings, areas with greater susceptibility to erosion processes were identified. A collection of 85 points of erosions, registered on the field, were compared with the maps of erodibility and erosivity and resulted in a good agreement between predictions and events in the field. The presented mapping can be used as a decision criterion on which area should have a more intensive monitoring than others, seeking the safety of the pipeline and neighboring farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper consists of a geographical approach and a cartographic representation of the processes of segregation and socio-spatial differentiation combined with the racial dimension in Goiania based on color data / race and income of the Census Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2010). At first, we bring readings from the field of Geography of race relations in Brazilian society, facing urban space, focusing on those cases. Then we discuss about the construction of a racial mapping and methodological research questions. We brought several studies on the social segregation in Goias and prepared capital several maps of "mostly white spaces" and "spaces of black majority", associated with the identification of color or race and class levels spread across city neighborhoods. Finally we conclude that the processes under discussion have a close correlation with the difference and the racial inequality in the city, a phenomenon that happens in other Brazilian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is a study about the plastic transformation industry, in the packing sector that acts in the textile industry and in the raffia sacks production in Parana, focusing in the analysis of that sector development in the same State. Besides, it discourses about the location factors that influenced the industries construction in Guarapuava and Campo Largo, including the survey about the potential of employment creation, the used labor profile and the technologies applied in the industrial process. In the theoretical field, the slight relation between industry studies with Economics Geography and with Geo-economics was approached. In order to accomplish the objectives of the research, some technical visits to the plants located only in Paraná occurred, using the in loco observation technique with structured interviews, trying to evidence each factory own characteristics and their respective location factors. At last, a comparative table is presented showing the development of the three industries settled in Paraná and the conclusion about the possible influence or not, of the location factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bourgeois revolutions that took place in Europe from the eighteenth century onwards promoted, in various parts of the globe, conditions for the development of an economy linked to railroads. Considering that this process caused the implantation of a railroad network in the territory of Goiás, the objective of this paper is to analyze the formation of the Estrada de Ferro Goiás and its influence on urbanization and on the daily lives of cities that benefited from the rails. The methodological procedures were based on bibliographic research, documentary analysis, secondary data collection, fieldwork and the mapping of the rails location. The analysis was centered in the interpretations of local facts and in the contextualization of the railroad as a crucial factor in the production process of the territory and the territorial modernization. It was found that not only did the railroad alter the economic configuration of the goiano territory, but it also influenced its urbanization process, causing significant transformations to daily lives of the goiana society at the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operating through a coherent and instrumental logic, networks form systems that, allowing the circulation of capital, preside over the geographical space's reproduction and evolution, fracturing to each country in quick and slow men, in luminous and lethargic areas. Finances don't avoid this general law. In this paper, the reorganization of the financial network and bank system in Argentina during the period 1991-2008 is studied to characterize the current rationalization and fragmentation's process of national territory. The analysis of objects, actions and norms that compose that peculiar division of labor and the interpretation of external (international crisis, global regulations, foreign capital accumulation strategies) and internal factors (paper of national State, circuit's technical and political development, relationships with other spatial forms and structures) that govern it -through indicators as bank system's globalization and economic concentration, territorial densities bank tissue, their automation level and money-capital movements- will reveal, to provincial and departmental scale, the fully integrated luminous and excluded lethargic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public tributary revenues have a fundamental role in the finances of the municipalities due the contribution to the local defrayal which is impacted in several ways according the spatial context of the region certain municipality is inserted. Thus, this paper aims to establish an analysis and spatialization of the dynamics of the selected tributary revenues Urban Land and Territorial Tax (IPTU), Service Tax of Any Kind (ISSQN), Real Estate Transfer Tax (ITBI) and Tax on Rural Territorial Property (ITR) in the Microregion Southwest of Goiás (Goiás, Brazil) as a Productive Agricultural Region (RPA) in 2010 and 2015 through a bibliographic review and secondary data analysis. The analysis shows that the agricultural and cattle raising production and the senses of agribusiness influence on the use and commercialization of land, as well as on the land structure and disposition of basic equipments of public services in the Microregion Southwest of Goiás. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the perception of fourth and fifth year students at state and private elementary schools located close to the River Belém in Curitiba-PR, Brazil, with regard to socio-environmental problems and environmental education practices undertaken in their schools. They were interviewed using three half-open questions and a fourth question to be answered in the form of a drawing. Results show that perception of fourth year students was lower than that of fifth year students. The students showed little knowledge of environmental problems, despite the majority of them knowing River Belém, although some of them do not know its name. Environmental Education at the schools is intramural and involves such subject matter as animals, plants, rivers and nature observation. The methodology used by teachers to provide environmental education is not reaching the proposed objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]