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Lighthouses are enduring symbols of maritime heritage, representing the history and identity of coastal communities. Over the last few decades, however, these structures have been increasingly decommissioned and divested especially in response to the rise of navigational technologies and costly maintenance. Remarkably little academic scrutiny has been paid to the present and future challenges of these sites, and even less attention has been given to contexts of lighthouse closure, reuse, and replication. In response, this paper combines lighthouse infrastructure data with media analyses and qualitative interviews to explore the 'afterlives' of Canada's historic lighthouses, examining their transformations and the cultural politics involved in their reuse and replica (or faux lighthouses). We argue that historic lighthouses are not only significant features of maritime heritage but also serve as contemporary sites of coastal change and growth. By studying their afterlives, the paper sheds light on the intricate and complicated lifecycles of lighthouses and the communities that depend on them. Overall, we contribute to a broader understanding of coastal heritage, emphasizing the importance of examining adaptive reuse and the emergence of replica lighthouses as practices that renegotiate established values, meanings, and emotions associated with these iconic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been an increasing level of recognition of the interaction between cultural mega-events and built heritage in recent years. While research has broadly identified the need to align strategies and visions, as well as involve heritage actors and local communities, there has not been a systematic investigation of the position of industrial heritage within this tableau. This paper examines in depth the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) programme, as it is one of the longest standing Capital of Culture programmes in the world and has a significant record of investment and urban transformation. In this paper, we survey and categorise the inclusion of industrial heritage within the ECoC programme in 36 host cities and regions spread across Europe. This research provides the most comprehensive understanding to date of the specific forms of interaction between industrial heritage and ECoCs to better understand the kinds of relationships that have taken place. We then explore in detail the projects and decisions made in the cases of the 2023 Elefsina, 2017 Pafos and 2008 Liverpool ECoCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of urbanization in accelerating the adaptive reuse of historic buildings within the walled city of Lahore, with a focus of Choona Mandi Haveli Complex. As urban areas expand and their populations increase, the need for the efficient use of existing structures becomes more crucial for the sustainable development of historic cities. The Choona Mandi Haveli Complex, a landmark building that has been adaptively reused as an educational institute and as an official purpose, in different time periods. The research meticulously examines current issues, such as economic, social, environmental and regulatory factors, that defines the implementation of these projects within historic urban environment. Through a comprehensive literature review, pictorial and visual surveys of selected sites, the paper identifies the best practices and challenges in achieving the goals of adaptive reuse. The adaptive reuse of the historic buildings supports to balance the contemporary needs and protection of heritage sites. The core objective of the research is to evaluate the adaptive reuse of Choona Mandi Haveli, being the most spacious building in the old city. The research focuses on providing guidelines for appropriately reusing historic monuments to reduce the impacts of urbanization within historic cities of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the archaeological recording and recovery of a MK II Fairey Barracuda from the Solent, Hampshire, off the south coast of England. As its location precluded the aircraft being left in situ, the decision was made to recover the aircraft. Despite adverse visibility, and a significant amount of overburden, the extant remains of the aircraft were successfully recovered and delivered to the Fleet Air Arm Museum for conservation, as part of an ongoing project to rebuild an example of a Fairey Barracuda. In being recovered for reuse and exhibition some of the Barracuda's value to the wider community changed from that of a lost military aircraft to that of an historic object, drawing out the social history around it, and giving insights into military aircraft construction during the World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the number of historic renovation and restoration projects in the US city of Detroit has been increasing to preserve the cultural heritage and to meet current needs. However, this type of project has distinct challenges from new construction projects. This paper reports the results of a qualitative study investigating challenges encountered during historic building renovations in Detroit. The objective is to fill a gap in the construction literature concerning practices for managing large domestic historic building renovation projects. Strong industry interest in the topic also motivated the completion of this study. The expert interview method was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with six expert practitioners concerning their experiences. Data concerning common challenges, pitfalls, and other issues were gathered, analyzed, and grouped into seven categories (code compliance, historic status, organizational, design, construction, budget/schedule, and technology). The results corroborate many findings and general themes from the prior literature on historic building renovation while reporting several novel findings absent in the reviewed literature. In addition, this paper provides recommendations to avoid and mitigate such challenges. Primary recommendations include developing strong collaborative working protocols between the parties; selecting key team members based on successful past working relationships, not price or cost of service; and, if feasible, conducting hazardous material abatement and selective demolition activities prior to completion of the design to derisk the project. Additionally, 23 secondary recommendations focused on numerous tactical, management, and technical matters are provided. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in the quality and risk management research domain as well as the restoration and renovation construction domain. The practical contribution of this study is to allow industry practitioners to better understand this special type of construction project and strategize quality control and management plans by providing common challenges and recommendations. Challenges encountered during large historic renovations in Detroit were investigated to identify suggested practices for better management of this project type. In addition to verifying prior findings from historic renovations performed elsewhere, new information is presented concerning key knowledge and practice gaps, authority having jurisdiction interface issues, organizational/funding constraints, negligence and standard of care concerns, misaligned competing incentives surrounding hazardous material abatement, and detailed information about design and construction challenges for this project type in Detroit. Three primary recommendations and 23 secondary recommendations are provided for better management, including developing strong collaborative working protocols between the parties; selecting key team members based on successful past working relationships, not price or cost of service; and, if feasible, conducting hazardous material abatement and selective demolition activities prior to completion of the design to derisk the project. The findings will aid design and construction practitioners in making informed decisions about historic renovation projects, thereby improving project delivery and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategies for the adaptive reuse of vernacular architecture are of utmost importance in the current context of social, economic, and environmental vulnerability. This article examines the design strategies of adaptive reuse in three cases of renowned architects of the so-called School of Porto developed across the second half of the 20th century, specifically between 1956 and 1991. The paper aims to introduce a new and deeper knowledge of the selected practices by critically documenting the whole process of the intervention (before, during, after) and not only the final result, as is common practice in specialized publications. The research methodology combines the bibliographical and archival research and interpretation of diverse graphic, photographic, and textual documentation with the production of analytical drawings. The demolitions/additions color code (black/yellow/red) is applied to plans, sections, and elevations as an essential tool for understanding and communicating the transformations undertaken. The selected case studies are Além House (1956–1967) by Fernando Távora, Alcino Cardoso House (1971–1973; 1988–1991) by Álvaro Siza, and the House in Gerês (1980–1982) by Eduardo Souto de Moura. These projects show different strategies of intervention in built heritage, providing lessons on the reactivation of obsolete or abandoned rural constructions with new functions that are compatible with the preservation of their values (historical, landscape, constructive, social, and aesthetic) and guidelines for sustainable reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban underground infrastructures (UUIs) are a vital component of built capital for urban sustainability. However, many cities are now home to a multitude of disused or underutilized UUIs, not least aged purpose-built underground facilities, causing a waste of valuable underground space resource assets. In the process of urban renewal, adaptive reuse can be an attractive solution to breathe new life into underutilized UUIs, while addressing some of the modern problems of the built environment by an economically feasible means. Nevertheless, there is a prevalent absence in the current literature of the overarching planning and decision-making approaches for an adaptive reuse development of underutilized UUIs. With the intention of addressing this shortfall, this paper first lays out development strategies, then sets the generic patterns for adaptive reuse of disused or underutilized UUIs. Taking the city of Qingdao, China as a case study, detailed planning and decision-making approaches with the aid of multi-source data and spatial analysis tools are presented. It is anticipated that the findings of this research will assist the adaptive reuse development of UUIs in providing theoretical guidance and empirical evidence, thereby enhancing the role of urban underground space use in contributing to urban revitalization and urban sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the last quarter of the twentieth century, increased tourism in traditional settlements have led to the adaptive reuse of built vernacular heritage to serve the tourism industry. The adaptive reuse of historic buildings is considered a conservation strategy and an alternative to new constructions in historic environments. Nevertheless, the adaptive reuse of built vernacular heritage and its socio-spatial impacts have not yet been sufficiently investigated. To fill the gap, this paper, focuses on Cappadocia, Turkey, where adaptive reuse of individual vernacular houses has recently paved the way for the transformation of an entire neighbourhood, the historic neighbourhood of Kayakapı, into a 'holiday village.' This study argues that traditional settlements and communities in Cappadocia have been subjected to 'gentrification' and so-called 'Disneyfication.' Such historic environments are facing controversial physical interventions, detached from local communities and devoted to a single function, namely tourism, becoming 'stereotypical and depersonalised.' The study further argues that the current situation is incompatible with international heritage and conservation policies. Correspondingly, to reveal the potential conflicts, the recent revitalisation project of the historic neighbourhood of Kayakapı in Cappadocia is examined as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial heritage in Spain, despite important advancements in the past decades, remains under-recognized, vulnerable, and inadequately appreciated. Its potential for contributing to local resilience and sustainability in the face of deindustrialization challenges is one of the best assets it has. This paper highlights the analysis of two case studies focused on the restoration of industrial heritage sites, namely the Sugar Mill "El Tarajal" in Malaga and the Trapiche del Prado in Marbella, conducted in collaboration between the University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti and Pescara and the University of Malaga. Four key concepts are identified: historical analysis and its impact on industrial evolution, production system transformations and their influence on buildings, the relationship between industry and its surroundings, and the impact of rehabilitation on the urban context. The recovery of industrial heritage goes beyond architectural preservation, emphasizing the importance of adapting these spaces for contemporary purposes and integrating modern technologies and sustainability approaches to drive socioeconomic revitalization. To address the vulnerabilities and lack of recognition faced by industrial heritage, a connection between research and education is discussed to disseminate knowledge among students and professionals in training. This approach aims to provide a more comprehensive and informed restoration process that considers the territorial scale, thereby translating assessment indicators into the design and preservation of industrial heritage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the adaptive reuse of buildings associated with uncomfortable memories that have been turned into places for the general public to enjoy. It can be argued that the transformation of Australian heritage gaols into museums makes economic, cultural, and social sense, given the increasing rate of interest in dark tourism and the willingness of contemporary Australians and international tourists to understand the continent's carceral history. However, the adaptive reuse of some gaols into places that provide multiple forms of art, culture, and education is a recent phenomenon that is under-studied. Bendigo Gaol, which was recently adapted into Ulumbarra Theater in addition to being partially occupied by a high school, retains many elements of the uncomfortable architectural features of the gaol. This paper investigates the factors mentioned in the literature that negotiate the uncomfortable past for its new functional purpose. Discussion of these factors provides clarity for decision-makers on how to maximize the full potential of conversion, while simultaneously commemorating the history of the site. This research concludes that reusing Bendigo Gaol to an art-and-education building was a collective decision and, despite being successful, appears to have not been sensitive to its uncomfortable history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Derelict, dilapidated buildings in various states of ruin have always been present in our built environment. Theoretical approaches to the issue of ruins within the field of architecture have been changing continuously in response to shifting social, political, economic, and cultural conditions. Although origins of the debates on ruins can be traced centuries back, the topic came into focus with renewed intensity following the mass destruction in the wake of World War II. This paper discusses relevant perspectives on the phenomenon of decay in architecture from the 1950s to the 2020s, and offers a critical synthesis of their diverse viewpoints, thus enabling further formulations of contemporary positions and design strategies concerning this increasingly significant subject matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societies' values, cultural variety, and physical and intangible legacy are all being lost as a result of globalization, so, it is important to investigate how progress and legacy interact. Egypt has such a great legacy including the historical buildings that are considered to be a real gift. Unfortunately, most projects that aim at keeping those buildings were undertaken in the wrong way without adding real value. Those projects resulted in distorting the historical buildings. Mansoura City is considered one of the most beautiful cities in Egypt. It has such a great location on the river Nile, also it has a great number of historical buildings. All these buildings suffer from negligence and distortion. Although modern architecture has its features, it lacks the essence of Egyptian legacy. Rehabilitation allows the reutilizing of old depleted structures by assigning them new functions using new materials, and technologies, and introducing contemporary solutions to the historical buildings, without damaging their historical identity. By applying sustainable development opportunities and considering the requirements, the interrelationships between the historic areas and the urban context will achieve sustainable tourism and a conservation action plan for the historic surroundings of the Khedive Ismail palace, which has been considered one of the featured historical buildings in Mansoura city. The paper aims to provide steps or guidelines to achieve sustainable development of the rehabilitated building and improve the economic state through processes of rehabilitation of the building by using modern building technology and adding sophisticated elements that did not initially exist at the time of construction, and its architectural style. Examples of such features include smart systems technology and building management system, which can significantly contribute to the success of the building's economic rehabilitation and renovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the methodological approach proposed within H2020 ROCK project, on the adaptive reuse of public spaces in the historic city, particularly focussing on accessibility. The methodology is applied in a test-bed site of the historical context with the aim to identify integrated and effective strategies capable of shifting attention from the single building to the urban scale, following a performance-oriented approach. The goal is to contribute, through a light infrastructure, enabling technologies and new services, to the definition of a barrier-free built environment suitable to satisfy the citizen's environmental well-being in an equitable manner. The integrated approach involved users and key factors such as: disabled associations, sectors of the Municipality, representatives and operators of cultural institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen growing international interest in the practice of 'adaptive reuse' of heritage buildings, promoted as a financially more viable and environmentally sustainable way to achieve both regeneration and conservation. In parallel, adaptive reuse has emerged as an aim in national policy frameworks and EU governance. Much of the writing on adaptive reuse reflects its nature as a design practice and concentrates on the material form intervention may take. This paper has a different approach, considering the institutional factors that support adaptive reuse occurring, as part of a multi-faceted and complex conservation-planning assemblage, across fifteen European countries. Focusing on regulatory systems for heritage and planning, governance systems, human and financial resources and policies on civic engagement and participation, thematic analysis is used to generate a typology of approaches across the continent, grouping the countries considered into three clusters. The typology proposed is not fixed, but a way to conceptualise the similarities and differences in institutional and policy-contexts that facilitate or restrict adaptive reuse. It contributes to a more informed overview of the context for adaptive reuse and the possibilities of learning from different policy contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic capital and one of Pakistan's most important cities gain popularity due to the reputable Karachi port. Karachi was referred to as Korokala and Debal in ancient times; a city conquered by famous conquerors, including Alexander the Great and Muhammad bin Qasim due to its seaport importance. However, most of the port's tangible and material heritage were built by the British during the 19th-20th century. The Britishers conquered the city and started developing Karachi port because of the seaport. Due to the port, the area of Karachi grew from a small fishermen's village to a bustling metropolitan city. During the second industrial revolution in the late 19th century, the Britishers developed Indian industries so that they depended on British capital goods. To transport the goods, the British empire constructed railways and maritime routes in the mid and late nineteenth century, The port of Karachi was one of them. Karachi port remains the hub of Pakistan's main logistic transportation, but some of its heritage buildings have been neglected on this site. After the 9/11 tragedy in the US, due to security reasons, Karachi port trust restricted the port to the public. Now, the security situation is better, and the port can be reintegrated and made accessible to the public through sustainable adaptive reuse of abandoned or underused buildings. Karachi is a congested city with few places for recreation; reintegrating this site can open opportunities for tourism while showcasing the city's industrial heritage. This paper wants to articulate the potential of industrial heritage. But the latter in Pakistan is not yet recognized as part of a heritage discourse. The port offers a rich case study due to its layered history and various typologies of buildings on site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education institutions play a crucial role in achieving environmental sustainability. According to UI GreenMetric, higher education institutions should, more than ever, implement sustainable development across all subject areas. In this context, the research’s main problem is how architectural education can raise students’ sustainability consciousness more effectively. This paper aims to increase awareness of how incorporating the content of new uses of old buildings into architectural education can significantly influence students’ sustainability consciousness. In addition, this study seeks to determine sustainability consciousness and behaviors differ according to the lessons they take. Reviewing the literature and survey were defined as appropriate for this study. In the questionnaires, it was tried to determine the approach of the students to the concept of sustainability, the effect of the curriculum on this situation, the extent to which sustainable education was integrated into the project courses, and how it was perceived. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyzed the collected data through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. This study will help us better understand the mechanisms behind the development of sustainability behavior by revealing which variables are influential in students’ sustainability behaviors. Despite the rich variety, students’ sustainability consciousness has rarely been investigated within the scope of attitude and practice toward incorporating adaptive reuse of old buildings into architectural education. This paper is among the few works exploring students’ sustainability consciousness using approaches of architectural education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elaborates on the reuse of architectural fragments in new constructions as a strategy for the conservation of cultural heritage. The ancient practice of spolia is used as a frame of reference to analyze contemporary reflections and examples. The introduction reflects on the tension between the practice of spolia and heritage conservation. Next, a review of relevant literature is presented, including sources from different disciplinary backgrounds, like heritage conservation, architectural history, architectural theory, and interior architecture. Furthermore, two precedent-setting studies are investigated: the decomposition of the interiors of the Generale Bank in Brussels (Belgium) by Rotor and the reuse of its fragments in new projects, and the Lin'an History Museum in Hangzhou, China by Amateur Architecture Studio. The following research questions steered the investigations: (1) what is the origin of the spolia? (2) how are the spolia reintegrated into a new building? (3) is the heritage embedded in the spoliated fragment transferred to or appropriated by the new host? A final reflection highlights gaps in the literature study and proposes directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on urban regeneration practices based on adaptive reuse projects in culture and the arts, where new forms of social entrepreneurship emerge. Through in-depth qualitative research, we develop three case studies in three different urban contexts in Italy: Turin, a large and highly industrialised city in one of the country's north-west regions; Terni, a medium-sized city in central Italy; and Favara, a small town in the province of Agrigento on the island of Sicily. Building on the case studies, we outline a possible taxonomy of urban remains, entrepreneurship, and adaptive reuse models, reflecting on the role of social entrepreneurship and its peculiar governance and business models, the specific features of adaptive reuse and urban regeneration processes, and the relationship between art and urban regeneration. Some closing remarks focus on how social entrepreneurship in the cultural field challenges both scholars and decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen growing international interest in the practice of 'adaptive reuse' of heritage buildings, promoted as a financially more viable and environmentally sustainable way to achieve both regeneration and conservation. In parallel, adaptive reuse has emerged as an aim in national policy frameworks and EU governance. Much of the writing on adaptive reuse reflects its nature as a design practice and concentrates on the material form intervention may take. This paper has a different approach, considering the institutional factors that support adaptive reuse occurring, as part of a multi-faceted and complex conservation-planning assemblage, across fifteen European countries. Focusing on regulatory systems for heritage and planning, governance systems, human and financial resources and policies on civic engagement and participation, thematic analysis is used to generate a typology of approaches across the continent, grouping the countries considered into three clusters. The typology proposed is not fixed, but a way to conceptualise the similarities and differences in institutional and policy-contexts that facilitate or restrict adaptive reuse. It contributes to a more informed overview of the context for adaptive reuse and the possibilities of learning from different policy contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When industrial relics, such as obsolete buildings, sites, and infrastructures, enter into a process of adaptive reuse, they become transformation engines capable of shaping the urban fabric. They provide tangible and intangible links to our past and have the potential to play a significant role in today's cities' futures. One unresolved issue is the quantification of the externalities of these transformation processes. If undertaken correctly, adaptive reuse can contribute to the development of social and cultural capital, environmental sustainability, urban regeneration, and, most importantly, economic benefits to the surrounding community. In this sense, understanding the value of heritage is particularly important in light of the new European urban environmental policy movement based on the circular economy, which aims to change the way Member States consume and produce materials and energy. After a review of the externalities generated by the adaptive reuse of disused industrial heritage, the paper will concentrate on the estimation of economic benefits given by a transformation process that affected Turin's Aurora district (Northern Italy) during the last years. The hedonic pricing method (HPM) was used to investigate the effects of the construction of new headquarters and the redevelopment of an old power plant converted into a museum and conference center. This study used econometric models to identify a significant increase in market prices within 800 m of the site and calculated a EUR 16,650,445 capitalized benefit from the transformation on the surrounding residential building stock. The study thus contributed to the awareness that reused heritage not only improves the lives of residents, but it also has a positive impact on the real estate market, in terms of transactions, as well as market values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the adoption of a socialist market economy in 1978, the Chinese city has accommodated radical changes in its urban industrial landscapes. In contrast with the large-scale reuse of industrial landscapes in the eastern Chinese cities, inland China has been witnessing the rapid disappearance of industrial heritage. The disparity of heritage conservation outcomes across urban China raises questions about why some leading cities conserve their heritage better or more readily than others, and why the same planning ideas, policies, and practice borrowed from elsewhere cannot be easily transferred or copied in the western cities. This paper applies the relational and territorial approach developed in the literature of urban policy transfer and mobilities to heritage studies. By conducting a case study in Chongqing, this paper examines how industrial heritage reuse has travelled as a global concept with its Chinese precedents to Chongqing, and why the idea has been diluted in the local context. The Chongqing case reveals that the heritage idea has travelled globally and nationally from eastern China and has mutated in respond to local circumstances. It is thus argued that the consequence of industrial heritage reuse can best be understood through a combined approach of relationality and territoriality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the reasons for the difficulties to find an efficient adaptive reuse scheme for the abandoned socialist modernism buildings representing new functional typologies, which were established for emerging uses imposed by bygone socialist regime. The paper deepens into intangible aspects tackled by adaptive reuse: rising from modernism and socialism ideological backgrounds, resulting in comprehension of architectural objects, and featuring cultural significance attributed nowadays. New architectural typologies: Funeral Palaces in Soviet Lithuania and Museums of Revolution and memorial centers in socialist Yugoslavia, are discussed with a closer focus on Funeral Palace "Sorrow" in Kaunas, Lithuania, and Home of Revolution in Nikšić, Montenegro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution discusses experiences of civic initiatives with adaptive reuse in urban and rural settings. The contribution aims at understanding the implications of formal ownership instruments of commoning projects to address social needs and conserve heritage. In particular, we examine cases in which Heritable Building Lease (HBL), Community Land Trusts (CLT), and Community Ownership (CO) have been used as instruments for such commoning processes. These instruments are increasingly implemented for adaptive reuse projects with heritage buildings and sites to promote a long-term perspective of use. The case studies have an explicit ambition in opening up the site's heritage to community engagement and to contribute to positive impacts on equitable and participatory neighbourhood development. The paper argues that the instruments play an important role in institutionalising commoning initiatives, but that formal tools are not enough as they have to mesh with informal processes. Moreover, professional expertise, time resources for volunteer engagement and idealistic motivations, are necessary preconditions for the use of these tools, yet they also show a selective bias towards the involvement of middle-class activists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Adaptive Reuse (AR) of heritage buildings is a complex process, which aims to preserve the values of heritage buildings while adapting them for use in the present and transferring them to the future. This paper aims to identify steps in this process and develop a structured model. The model is an 'ideal', it needs validation in practice; however, it is expected that following this model can help to preserve and conserve the values of heritage buildings. To come to an overview of the process and to identify its main steps, a literature review at an international level has been conducted. The analysis of the literature revealed that the AR process as a whole in relation to heritage buildings has not been widely studied. Based on the results of this review, a conceptual model representing the AR process of heritage buildings has been defined. This model consists of 10 steps: 'initiative', 'analysis of heritage buildings', 'value assessment, 'mapping level of significance', 'definition of adaptive reuse potential', 'definition of design strategy', 'final decision-making', 'execution', 'maintenance', and 'evaluation after years'. This model can act as a comprehensive theoretical basis for further studies on the AR process of heritage buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of industrial heritage is a form of values-based social practice that is not only constituted by the normative heritage discourses, but is also influenced by other contextualised social and cultural imperatives. The ideas about what constitutes industrial heritage, the value of the remains of industrial culture, and the practices of conservation continue to evolve. This paper reflects on this evolution in the context of the Chinese cultural heritage protection system. Emphasis is placed upon the trend that the industrial heritage is redefined in, and managed through, sensitive legislation and policies. Furthermore, this paper examines how the conservation of industrial heritage is adopted in varying forms of adaptive reuse by taking examples from Shanghai. Its policy domain has become multi-disciplinary, and it is important to develop dynamic ways of conservation compatible with the current and ongoing urban development and its planning practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst adaptive reuse is often applied with good outcomes, we are also faced with projects that have not achieved the desired results. There is little insight into why some projects succeed and others fail, or even what constitutes "success" at all – due in part to the intangibility of the word "success" and unsettled definitions and synonyms of "adaptive reuse. Accordingly, this paper seeks to answer the question: What are the factors that can be used to assess the success of heritage adaptive reuse projects? This study is framed as a systematic literature review of relevant articles published or in press. The methodology is based on using a PRISMA diagram to address a number of papers that are screened in each step of the diagram: identification, screening, eligibility and included. The literature review process started with 731 in the first step and ends with the final results of 72 papers. The results are classified into ten categories of success factors: architectural, structural, socio-cultural, economic, environmental, energy, authenticity, legal, management and functional factors. Together, these provide a comprehensive understanding of factors that affect the success of adaptive reuse as a strategy to regenerate heritage buildings. This insight facilitates adaptive reuse strategies for designers, architects and real estate developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The closure and reuse of worship spaces is a growing global phenomenon. In recent decades, societal, demographic, financial and other pressures have led to the shuttering of vast numbers of worship spaces throughout North America, Europe and parts of Asia. While most research focuses on the reuse of worship spaces in large cities, across Canada there exists countless small cities and rural settlements that are contending with closure and finding innovative ways to reuse these important social, cultural and material assets. Through site visits and in-depth interviews, this paper investigates the adaptive reuse of two important worship spaces in Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula, an important yet peripheral space in Atlantic Canada. In particular, we explore, first, how a local historic church in the City of St. John's employed adaptive reuse to revitalize religious mission and develop a social enterprise to deliver community services. Second, we explore how local entrepreneurs in a rural area adapted an historic convent to a globally-inspired gastropub and B&B. Together, these case studies demonstrate the evolving geographies of the postsecular and the complex, and sometimes contentious, ways that adaptive reuse not only frames how the secular and the religious are valued, but also how it reimagines socio-cultural space along the edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to look for elements of democracy in the origins of the monastic chapter. These elements should be preserved and re-proposed in the legal instruments of civil law that could be most suitable for the management and the reuse of decommissioned monasteries and convents. Starting from the configuration of these goods as “common goods”, the legal instruments of cooperation pacts, participatory foundations and trusts could return these assets to the community as an opportunity of participation and democracy for the whole civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the urban complex system, historic buildings can no longer focus on the original use, proposing a new reuse approach is inevitable to adapt the needs of urban development, which involves the tangible and intangible factors like spatial environment, economic policy and numerous interest groups. The paper aims to establish an evaluation method and propose the adaptive reuse strategies for historic buildings based on complex adaptive system (CAS) theory. Firstly, a CAS framework of historic buildings is constructed based on the analysis based on CAS theory, which guided the evaluation factor selection by using the literature review and mutli-agent discussion. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct the adaptability evaluation index, and evaluation rules are determined using comprehensive evaluation method. Then, the structural equation model (SEM) is used to reveal the adaptability mechanism, thus proposing the suitable reuse strategies by adaptability category classification. Finally, 32 historic buildings are taking as evaluation samples to calculate the adaptability evaluation results. The results obtain revealed that 62.5% of the historic buildings have moderate or poor adaptability, which are mainly affected by the impacts of consciousness and the activities of multiple agents. The 32 historic buildings are divided into three categories at a proportion of 9:11:12 to propose adaptive reuse strategies. The establishment of the adaptability evaluation system can find out the main problems of historic building reuse, and provide a scientific decision-making basis for multiple agents to improve the adaptability of historic buildings in a complex urban context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extending the life cycle of heritage buildings through their adaptive reuse can ensure their survival and is concordant with the policy of sustainable development. Selecting a new form of use for heritage building adaptive reuse projects is a multidimensional process that can be significantly aided by multi-criteria decision-making approaches. In this paper, the authors have proposed a hybrid form of structural analysis, which is a formulation of a multi-criteria approach to the analysis of complementary forms of use for a complex of historical buildings, to be used during the early planning stages of adaptive reuse projects for heritage building complexes. The approach has been demonstrated on the example of the Boyen Fortress complex in Giżycko, Poland. The outcome of the analysis indicated that the highest share of floor space to be adapted should be dedicated to exhibition spaces, which is justified concerning cultural heritage benefits. This approach can be of significant aid to decision-makers during adaptive reuse project planning phases, thereby facilitating the continued survival of heritage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive reuse (AR) of heritage buildings is a complex process involving many stakeholders with different ambitions. Recently, a theoretical model has been proposed to facilitate this process. However, the validation of this model and investigation of the nexus between process steps, methods/tools used by architects, and the effectiveness of projects are still lacking. This paper aims to validate the model by examining four AR projects in the Netherlands, considered effective as winners of a prestigious architectural prize. The research methods included literature reviews, case visits, and interviews with architects and other stakeholders. The model was refined, and methods/tools used by architects in the process steps were identified, highlighting their link with the effectiveness of results. • A systematic and value-based adaptive reuse process may result in effective adaptive reuse projects. • Architects' role in adaptive reuse projects is not just developing design strategies, but also managerial. • Active involvement of original and end-users of heritage buildings during adaptive reuse processes enhances social values. • Architects have to balance the stakeholders' input (including end-users) with their own design strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an adaptive reuse decision-making setting, there is usually an occurrence of conflicting beliefs, opinions, interests, and resources among relevant stakeholders. Knowing who these stakeholders are and why, through a collaborative approach, will allow stakeholders with diverse interests regarding adaptive reuse to come together and participate either directly or indirectly in any stage of the decision-making process. This paper examines the usefulness of collaborative rationality among stakeholders involved in an adaptive reuse decision-making process. The specific objectives include: to characterise the stakeholders involved in an adaptive reuse decision-making process; and; investigate how their collaborative rationality can be effectively integrated into the adaptive reuse decision-making process. After a review of existing literature, four typical categories of stakeholders involved in an adaptive reuse decision-making process were identified: i) investors; ii) producers; iii) regulators; and iv) users. Also, the effectiveness of collaboration among the diverse stakeholders of an adaptive reuse decision-making process was validated using a focus group workshop to incorporate transparency, common goal, ideal speech, and consistency into the process. These findings imply that the active collaboration among characterised adaptive reuse stakeholders is important to mitigate the risk of manipulation of an adaptive reuse decision-making process, and, for policy makers to understand better the expectations and needs of the public, thereby, enhancing consents for optimal adaptive reuse decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given all the uncomfortableness, fears, shame, and troubles associated with memories of Australian carceral history, it is surprising that Australians are interested in reusing sites of decommissioned prisons at all. The uncomfortable past juxtaposes basic ideas of preservation, not to mention the further transformation of old gaols to places for comfortable residences and shops. Her Majesty's Prison Pentridge is used here as a case study, where the exact site of a century-and-a-half of notoriously brutal incarceration and source of uncomfortableness to the local community was transformed to residential and mixed-use developments. Perhaps due to those memories slipping away, or probably due to pragmatic economic opportunities allowed by urban consolidation policies, such acute transformation became possible. This paper joins an unsettled debate surrounding the phenomena of converting old prisons to contemporary buildings and shops inhabited by non-prisoners using Pentridge as a recent example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper opens up a discussion over the processes of forgetting and remembering that occur in the adaptive reuse of quite commonplace buildings that, nevertheless, have been classified as ‘heritage’. For most buildings survival depends upon finding a new economic use once original use has ceased. At this point decisions are also made about what stories are carried forward from the building’s past. The principal case study discussed in this paper is the former Shanghai Municipal Abattoir, a modernist concrete sculpture now branded 1933 Shanghai. The paper delineates how a process of ‘strategic forgetting and selective remembrance’ has been undertaken, negotiating the bloody nature of the building’s past, in its reuse as an upscale commercial venue. Reuse is further considered within the wider frames of a 1920–1930s Shanghai urban branding ‘imaginary’ and as a ‘building of control and reform’ – a category of buildings developed from the eighteenth-century European Enlightenment-thinking. In reflecting upon this negotiation in the heritage making process with potentially difficult past events, we propose the category of ‘uncomfortable heritage’, as part of a wider spectrum of ‘dark heritage’, and conclude with a final reflection upon 1933 Shanghai as a heterotopic space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a consequence of our difficulty to manage the currently conflicts and contradictions. It is configured as a process that makes human life on Earth increasingly uninhabitable, making the relationship between the Earth's ecosystem and humanity increasingly difficult. A fundamental cause of the climate change is the way in which economic wealth is produced and distributed. The current economy produces also ecological and social poverty. The adaptive reuse of cultural assets is proposed in the general framework of the Green New Deal of European Union, assuming the circular economy model for re-integrating economy into ecology. The aim of the paper is to identify how to transform a died heritage site into a living system, to be managed as a complex adaptive system, discussing the ways in which adaptive reuse can be implemented as the entry point for implementing the circular city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuity and change have become crucial themes for the built environment and heritage buildings; also in the education and practice of architects. Embedding built heritage values into studio-based design education is a daunting new challenge that demands new didactic perspectives and tools. To address the dilemmas that come with design assignments for adaptive reuse, an experiment with new didactic analytical tools has been conducted in the Heritage & Architecture (H&A) architectural design studios at the Delft University of Technology. The analysis attempts to connect matter—physical structures—and meaning in a structured graphical process through predefined mapping exercises. Our aim is to introduce a step-by-step method for exploration that can form the foundation of values-based design from built heritage. Central to our multifaceted approach is a specially developed matrix that is meant to support design-oriented analysis of heritage buildings. This paper situates the H&A perspective on the adaptive reuse of valorised buildings within the heritage discourse and architectural design education in general and further gives insight into the didactics, the tools, their uses and initial results. After a critical reflection on our points of departure, based in an evaluation of results, peer discussion and student evaluation, we conclude that the applied methodology is instructive to the educational goals but also merits further development. One of the lessons learnt for future teaching includes allowing students freedom to discover values themselves. An important conclusion is that an earlier and broader foundation that engages the continuation of tangible and intangible heritage values in the ever-changing built environment is required in architectural educational practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage buildings are representative of culture, aesthetics, building techniques and lifestyle of a certain period. But with the change of time, it is difficult for heritage buildings to meet the demands of modern-day society, and as a result, they lose their original functionality. The colonial architecture of Lahore during the British era was its most distinguishing feature and Burt Hall, built in 1913, is a key example. It is an architecturally significant building which is not only reminiscent of the British colonial past but also reflects the lifestyle of the British Raj. Presently, owing to sheer negligence and callous disregard, it is losing its importance and deteriorating rapidly. The challenge today is to find the most appropriate function that modifies and offers new uses for the building, while keeping the historic essence of the area in which it is situated and allows it to play an important role in community revitalisation. This paper focuses on a historical study of the Burt Institute, devising strategies for its conservation and a methodology to achieve a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

US cities with shrinking populations have faced tremendous challenges in conserving their built heritage. Often, conservation work involves adaptively reusing existing buildings. Most reuse activity is fuelled by the developer and market-driven rehabilitation of historic properties through tax credits and other incentives. Places of worship like churches, however, are difficult to rehabilitate, and cities lose this urban heritage after years of vacancy and neglect, and eventual demolition. In many shrinking cities, particularly those now welcoming new immigrants and refugees, serendipitous conservation of vacant churches through faith-to-faith conversion can be an asset to local planners and preservationists in their fight to save urban heritage from demolition. This paper examines two former Roman Catholic Churches in the City of Buffalo: one converted into an Islamic mosque, and another into a Buddhist temple, to argue that faith-to-faith conversions can be a viable tool for other US cities experiencing similar threats to their urban heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of architectural heritage and its conservation in a post-disaster context by taking into account the interrelationship of form and function. To do this I borrow from the work of Laurajane Smith who argues that heritage is a cultural process linked to activities of remembering and identity formation. This definition requires us to move beyond the idea that heritage is merely tangible and asks us to acknowledge the importance of uses of material culture. Thus, I argue that the relationship between form and function should be central in understanding architectural heritage. The paper examines these issues with particular reference to examples from Banda Aceh post the 2004 Tsunami Disaster and, to do this, borrows some methods from architectural anthropology. The paper argues that the traditional architectural conservation practices, including adaptive reuse, that stress the importance of building forms should be expanded. Thus, the paper offers the idea of adaptive re-form or redesign where function is privileged to the extent that material form may be altered to accommodate the resurrection of traditional uses. This is practically important in post-disaster contexts and Southeast Asian cultural contexts, where materiality is viewed as impermanent. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

After a long period of decline and deterioration, conservation efforts over the last two decades, influenced by global trends, are revitalizing some of the historic centers in Iranian cities. In a country-wide first, old abandoned houses in the historic core of Kashan have gradually become attractive to private investors and transformed into tourist spaces, generally boutique hotels. This paper investigates the impacts of these private investments on the surrounding neighborhoods by analyzing the attitudes and perceptions of local community members toward these transformations. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 35 participants including residents, shopkeepers and local visitors, in 2018–2019. The findings of this study illustrate the positive attitude of local people towards conservation and adaptive reuse projects, although some residents noted problems resulting from the implementation of these projects. The results indicated that it is necessary for urban authorities to take measures to mitigate the impacts of the tourism gentrification process and to maintain the neighborhood's long-term residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The staging concept of adaptive reuse is a strategy that is being repeated at many fashion weeks, creating a subgenre of alternative runway spaces. Why does the fashion industry locate its runway shows in obsolete factories, derelict subway stations, and worn-out warehouses? The spectacular show of H&M in 2001, staged in an old limestone quarry in Sweden, is used as a point of reference for this discussion which is centered on the question: how are cultural reuse values being negotiated, reproduced, and commodified? The author considers the postindustrial fashion show space to be a "readymade space" in the terminology of art theory. These runway spaces are a part of an overall "cultural economy of reuse" for which cultural intermediators play a significant role. The main conclusion of this paper is that adaptive reuse has several functions, of which the aesthetic is most important because of its potential for evoking "authenticity" and subcultural "creativity." Here, adaptive reuse is a sort of re-appropriation of the subversive tactics of the artistic avant-garde, of new social movements, and of alternative urban lifestyles. Their subversive expression is spatially converted into a stylistic contrast or a lifestyle statement, which can then be converted into economic capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage buildings are an important origin of a country's cultural memory, originality, and attractiveness, which motivated cultural growth, economic development, and social employment. However, cultural heritage buildings threaten to decay regarding the contributing poor funding for cultural heritage buildings preservation and maintenance, increasing urbanization changes. The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings is one of the reasons, helping to preserve heritage buildings. This paper submits qualitative and quantitative criteria and subcriteria for the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings. The set of criteria consists of economic, social, environmental, cultural heritage and legal criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural areas of the Republic of Croatia are experiencing abandonment, which is especially intensive in the eastern part of the country. This paper aims to provide insights into places with specific spatial and functional characteristics, pustara settlements, within the rural landscape of the Baranja region, presenting their cultural and architectural heritage that needs comprehensive protection and conversion. The redevelopment potential, as well as the negative significance of abandonment of these sites, indicates the need for identifying the characteristics of these settlements: the tangible value of its built facilities and open spaces, its movable cultural heritage, as well as its intangible values. The main objectives were to determine desirable tangible and intangible pustara values by investigating place attachment among former pustara residents, and to provide information on domestic tourists' preferences in visiting these settlements. The results indicate a common preference among former pustara residents and tourists for its architectural heritage: e.g. its settlement as a spatial unit and its parks. Additionally, tourists expressed preferences for recreational and entertainment facilities. Common interests, as well as highly expressed needs among former inhabitants and tourists, present the basis for establishing new functions and redevelopment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose With the dramatic transformation of China’s industrial landscape, since the late 1990s, adaptive reuse of industrial heritage for cultural purposes has become a widely occurring phenomenon in major Chinese cities. The existing literature mainly focusses on specific cases, yet sees heritage conservation similarly at both national and regional scale and rarely identifies the main factors behind the production of China’s industrial-heritage reuse. The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in heritage reuse outcomes among three Chinese mega-cities and explore the driving factors influencing the differences.Design/methodology/approach This paper compares selected industrial-heritage cultural precincts in Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, and explores the local intervening factors influencing differences in their reuse patterns, including the history of industrial development, the availability of the nineteenth and/or twentieth century industrial buildings, the existence of cultural capital and the prevalence of supportive regional government policy.Findings The industrial-heritage reuse in the three cities is highly regional. In Beijing, the adaptation of industrial heritage has resulted from the activities of large-scale artist communities and the local government’s promotion of the city’s cultural influence; while in Shanghai, successful and more commercially oriented “sea culture” artists, private developers in creative industries and the “creative industry cluster” policy make important contributions. Chongqing in contrast, is still at the early stage of heritage conservation, as demonstrated by its adaptive reuse outcomes. Considering its less-developed local cultural economy, Chongqing needs to adopt a broader range of development strategies.Originality/value The paper contributes to knowledge by revealing that the production of industrial-heritage cultural precincts in Chinese mega-cities is influenced by regional level factors, including the types of industrial heritage, the spontaneous participation of artist communities and the encouragement of cultural policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, the adaptive reuse of buildings—transforming them to meet new functional and aesthetic needs and requirements—has become a highly specialized domain within architectural and conservation practice, and is becoming a field of scholarly study in its own right. However, in juxtaposition with this highly specialized practice, people reuse and adapt all sorts of buildings in spontaneous and informal ways in a process we call “vernacular adaptation.” This paper investigates such vernacular adaptation of built heritage, along with its specific characteristics, opportunities, and threats as well as its influence on more formal adaptive reuse practice. As methodology, we examine relevant literature to review historical and contemporary examples of vernacular adaptation and reuse. In conclusion, we present the vernacular approach as a valuable alternative to the “formal” or specialized, top-down method to managing existing built environment, especially for buildings and sites that possess compelling social value. Moreover, our study indicates that in practice, the division between the vernacular and the formal is not rigid, elaborating on the possibilities and risks of joined initiatives between local communities and private or public developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive reuse of buildings can be an attractive alternative to new construction in terms of sustainability and a circular economy. Achieving net benefits with adaptive reuse partly relies on efficiently planning building disassembly. The aim of this paper is to describe a new efficient single-target selective disassembly sequence planning method developed for adaptive reuse of buildings. Finding a global optimum disassembly planning solution for buildings can be time consuming and physically impractical due to the high number of possible solutions. The method developed seeks to minimize environmental impact and removal costs using rule-based recursive analyses for planning recovery of target components from multi-instance building subsystems based upon physical, environmental and economic constraints. Rule-based recursive methods have been demonstrated to be an efficient alternative to find near-optimal disassembly sequences by eliminating uncommon or unrealistic solutions. Validation is achieved through functional demonstration with case studies, where high quality, practical, realistic, and physically feasible solutions for single-target selective disassembly of buildings are found by using the new method. For adaptive reuse of buildings, the new method can be used to reduce the costs of disassembly and demolition and improve the planning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Can sustainability and adaptability be integrated in a single decision tool for designing future buildings? Indeed, it is not possible to know what lies ahead for future buildings but, using current research on sustainability and the impact on natural resources and climate, it is possible to forecast the connection between built environment activity and sustainability. This paper demonstrates that the assessment of future adaptation in newly designed building is achievable by using the adaptSTAR model. This new design-rating tool, based on detailed analysis of 12 award-winning adaptive reuse projects in Australia, will assist designers in making decisions to achieve optimum efficiency and useful life from their creations. This paper reports on the second and last stages of the research used in the development of the rating tool. The use of the adaptSTAR model can empower designers of buildings to make critical decisions that contribute to improving longevity and future reuse, thereby ensuring that future building adaptive reuse will foster sustainable built environments. In order to validate the tool, results are compared to Langston's ARP model. It is found that both models are strongly correlated. Furthermore, when improvements to the case studies are proposed, lower ARP scores are computed since the buildings are expected to become obsolete later in their life cycle than a design reflecting poorer performance. It can be observed that the improved designs for each case study out-perform the as-built designs, as indicated by the higher adaptSTAR scores, while the relationship between adaptSTAR and ARP is strengthened. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Among many milestones of British Raj in Lahore, the Lawrence and Montgomery Halls, presently known as Quad-e- Azam Library are the master pieces of earlier period of British architecture in Lahore which were constructed with the subscriptions of British and Indian communities of the Punjab, as memorial in the honor of two European commanders of British Indian Empire. These buildings have been greatly surviving for the last 149 years and still hold prominent position in building stock of Lahore. To find out the reasons behind the longer survival of these remarkable British colonial buildings in Lahore, this paper explores the architectural design, structural scheme, adaptive reuses and the main driving forces behind the origin of Lawrence and Montgomery Halls. The paper concludes that flexibility in architectural planning, structural stability and acceptance of building form are not the only areas which keep the major architectural and structural intervention away from the buildings but suitable selection of adaptive reuses related to the original functions of the building can also play a vital role in survival of older buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Building adaptive reuse plays a critical role in emissions reduction and supports global climate protection. Thus, the designing of future buildings with embedded adaptive reuse potential is a useful criterion for sustainability. This paper describes the development of a new rating tool known as adaptSTAR, which offers holistic and unified design criteria suitable for assessing the adaptive reuse potential of future buildings. The findings show that criteria can be identified and weighted according to physical, economic, functional, technological, social, legal and political categories to calculate an adaptive reuse star rating. In addition, this paper reports on the first stage of the research methodology used in the initial development of the rating tool and concludes with some preliminary observations from 12 selected successful case studies in New South Wales (NSW) and Melbourne, Australia. The use of adaptSTAR in designing future buildings will lead and help promote low carbon built environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]