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COVID-19 pandemic limits many physical activities of the society in public areas. The agricultural production sector is one of the important sectors in supporting the country’s nutrition demand. Research is a way to maintain the productivity of the agricultural sector. This study has a purpose to analyze if pandemic COVID-19 has an impact on the number of papers about agriculture recorded by Scopus. This study uses a quantitative with secondary data analysis approach in collecting data. The samples are paper on the Scopus website contains keywords “agriculture& meat”, and “agriculture&egg”. the period of samples are during 2019-2020. The data are analyzed using Vosviewer software to show the institution with the most related topic paper. The result shows that some papers are decreasing while others are increase based on the document type. For paper related to “agriculture” meat”, article as full type research paper increases along with review type paper. For a paper about “agriculture & egg”, conference type paper and review increase, while other decreases. It can be concluded that the type of paper along with the topic affects the institutions’ productivity in publishing papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming is one of the greatest threats to the social development of human beings. It is a typical example of global climate change, and has profoundly affected human production and life in various aspects. As the foundation of human existence, agricultural production is particularly vulnerable to climate change, which has altered environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, and wind speed, and affected crop growth cycles, the frequency of extreme weather events, and the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases directly or indirectly, ultimately influencing crop yield and quality. This article reviews the latest research progress in this field, summarizes the impact of global climate change on agricultural production as well as the feedback mechanisms of agricultural activities on climate change, and proposes strategies for agricultural production to cope with global climate change. This paper aims to provide a scientific basis and suggestions for ensuring the sustainable development of agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors present the specifics of the management of economic entities in the field of agricultural production in the Republic of Serbia. In addition to the goals that all business entities are faced with, which are economic goals that are reflected in the realization of profits for the sake of business security for a long period of time and safe survival in a constantly turbulent environment, and legal goals that oblige first-class entities to operate in accordance with legal regulations, limiting conditions of freedom of management, in the form of respect for high ethical principles, are set before economic entities engaged in agricultural production due to the use of agricultural land that represents a good of general interest and a natural resource. This activity has a significant impact on human health and the environment. The authors used a survey of the owners of 40 agricultural farms and small businesses in the territory of the municipality of Ruma and other stakeholders, first of all buyers of goods of the surveyed economic entities, then extensive literate review and the method of comparative analysis. The results of the research show that for those economic subjects whose business requires the trust of citizens and protection of the environment, respect for high ethical principles in business, could be the tip of the scales that will determine their survival on the market. It has been shown that compliance with the rules of business ethics, in the long term, brings the business entity more profit, so compliance with those rules is becoming more and more universal. That is why agricultural producers follow the ethical principles of responsible business. The role of the Government of the Republic of Serbia could be crucial here with certain types of assistance, which would further improve the sustainable development of agricultural entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since AI Chatbots are increasingly adopted in different industries, the purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of AI Chatbots on pro-environment attitudes and willingness to pay for environmental protection. By employing quantitative methodology, multivariate data analysis was conducted to test the effects of AI Chatbot in terms of its interaction, anonymity, customization, and problem-solving on pro-environmental attitudes and individual willingness to pay for environment protection. This study reveals the critical role of Chatbots in encouraging people to protect the environment. Problem-solving is found to be the highest influence on both pro-environmental attitudes and individual willingness to pay. Meanwhile, interaction, anonymity, and customization were revealed to affect WTP indirectly through pro-environmental attitudes. Therefore, digitalization by exploring new technology like AI Chatbots becomes an important concern to reduce the negative actions of humans on the environment and Carbon emissions and develop agricultural tourism activities toward green production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve inclusive growth, and poverty and inequality reduction, African countries should enhance labour-intensive agricultural production due to their abundance of natural resources and labour. In this paper, we examine the impact of agriculture on the economic growth of Zimbabwe using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ardl) model employing data covering the period 1970 to 2019. The results show that agricultural production has a significant positive impact on economic growth in the short runwhile showing no impact on economic growth in the long run. Additionally, the study confirms that inflation, government expenditure and gross fixed capital formation have a positive impact on economic growth in both the long run and short run. Although the agricultural sector plays a salient role in the early stages of economic development, it is, however, not able tomaintain sustainable economic growth over a long period in Zimbabwe. Additional macro-economic policy levers are required to compliment agricultural production and promote sustainable economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural producers are entities that largely decide on the structure of the agri-food supply chain. Currently, the European Union is striving to shorten supply chains in agriculture, as short supply chains are ecologically, economically and socially more sustainable. The main objective of the paper is to examine the role of primary producers in the agri-food supply chains. The basic technique applied for data collection was questionnaire survey, which we carried out on family farms in Slovakia. Obtained data were statistically examined applying the statistical analysis using the Chi-square test. Based on the estimations, we could conclude that the choice of the main distribution channel depends on the size of the given company and also on the main type of production. Businesses with fewer than 10 employees prefer direct distribution channels that allow them to sell their products to final consumers. The identification of factors affecting the choice of the main distribution channel as well as a detailed analysis of the nature of dependence make it possible to formulate recommendations on what steps to take in order to increase the number of agricultural enterprises selling through short supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world’s population has been growing rapidly and since the 2006–2008 global food crisis, it has been questioned many times that how the world’s growing population will be fed properly. According to reputable international institutions, the world may be insufficient to supply enough food in the near future, and this fact may cause many economic, social, and government problems. In Türkiye, these problems will be realized more harshly than in peer countries for some reasons. Türkiye has one of the highest population growth rates in the world, while it hosts the highest number of refugees in the world. In addition, Türkiye’s agriculture sector has been experiencing a harsh downfall recently and the country has been dependent on importing food and agricultural commodities. Therefore, in this paper, I investigate the connectedness and networks of agricultural production in Türkiye by using the connectedness approach of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014), which is based on the forecast error variance decomposition methodology of generalized vector autoregressive models. I use Türkiye’s most produced agricultural commodity data, which are barley, wheat, rye, paddy, lentil, chickpea, and oat. The material consists of annual production data from 1938 to 2019. According to the analysis results, Türkiye’s agricultural production has been highly connected. Our findings show that production shocks arising from wheat and barley have spilled over to other commodities. Agricultural production networks and pairwise spillovers also exhibit a similar result that most of the commodities are highly interconnected to wheat and barley production. Besides, pairwise connectedness results show that there are some strong and weak connectivity relations, and these can be used for the decision-making process, risk aversion, and risk-seeking purposes. Our findings have important implications for policymaking for institutions, diversification, and risk management for producers, suppliers, and traders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper address the impact of an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration, surface air temperature and a change in a degree of climate continentality on the yield of spring wheat for the territory of Russia and for three grain-producing regions: the Saratov and Chelyabinsk oblasts and the Altai krai. The studies were based on the correlation, variance, and multiple regression analyses. The significance of the influence of the selected factors on the spring wheat is determined both for the territory of Russia and for individual regions. The influence of the degree of climate continentality on the spring wheat grain quality (protein content) in the Saratov oblast is assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the sources for the formation of Bulgaria's food resources is the production of food products from agriculture and the food industry. It provides raw materials for the processing industry, for export and for meeting the food needs of society. The extent to which national production can meet these needs in terms of quantity, quality and range largely determines national food security. The level and structure of food consumption is in turn important for the health status of both the individual and the nation as a whole. In recent years, the production and consumption of food products in the country have been evolving in a complex and dynamically changing environment, linked to challenges posed by overlapping crises (pandemic, economic). The aim of this paper is to examine the production and consumption of staple food products in the context of national food security and in the context of crises. For its realization, changes in the parameters of their production and consumption are consistently assessed, problems are highlighted on this basis and recommendations for their future development are substantiated. Special attention is paid to the competitiveness and sustainable development of Bulgarian agriculture as an important prerequisite for the country's food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dunhuang is not only one of the important agricultural regions in China, but also has formed a unique food custom through the integration of diverse cultures along the Silk Road, becoming a grain production base in the Western Regions. Ancient Dunhuang people explored the path of agricultural development in the long-term production practices, actively promoting agricultural production in the region, and transforming the agricultural production structure, leading to a shift in the mode of production. This paper aims to correctly understand the agricultural production characteristics and patterns of ancient Dunhuang and explore the impact of Dunhuang’s agricultural development on local culinary customs, providing an insight into the overall picture of ancient Dunhuang’s agricultural production and lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I propose to analyse the experiences of agricultural land use in a context of environmental conflict associated with production in the peri-urban area of Venado Tuerto (Santa Fe-Argentina). This paper is based on a relational socio-anthropological perspective and stems from the doctoral research carried out between 2015-2020, recovering part of the field material (in-depth interviews and observations) constructed during this study. The approach used allowed us to identify a hegemonic tendency to transform rural areas into agricultural areas, based on the pre-eminence of economic-productive aspects. Despite this, some transformations in land use and productive practices were identified, as well as the emergence of "new producers". It is argued that these processes can be explained in terms of a process of environmental conflict that has been unfolding in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has caused major disruptions to agricultural supply chains around the world. Researchers and policy-makers are interested in identifying means to reduce the disruptive effects caused by the pandemic. We investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on the operation of e-commerce stores (in short, e-stores) specialising in agricultural inputs. The difference-in-differences method (DID) is employed to estimate the causal relationship between COVID-19 and online sales of agricultural inputs using data from 54,244 agricultural input e-stores registered in 118 prefecture-level cities across 15 provinces and hosted on two major Chinese e-commerce platforms. The results show that COVID-19 led to a substantial growth in monthly sales of agricultural input e-stores, and this growth of online sales varied across store scales and by types of agricultural inputs. In particular, e-stores selling seeds and seedlings experienced a larger growth in sales than stores selling agricultural machinery and implements, and the mid-and larger-scaled e-stores experienced more growth of sales than micro-and small-scaled e-stores. Further analysis reveals that the growth of online sales of agricultural inputs was driven mainly by an increase in the quantity of customer orders (QCO). The findings of this paper underscore the importance of e-commerce in ensuring the resilience of the agricultural supply chain during the pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid 19 pandemic is a global, not only, health crisis with devasting impact on the world economy in general. These impacts are also visible more and more in food and agriculture sector as the main sector of population nourishment. In spite of adopted measures in many countries, spread of the virus is starting to distrupt the supply of agrofood products to markets and consumers, both within and across borders. Most major economies are expected to enter recession as a result of the Covid 19 pandemic, and the OECD has estimated that for each month the necessary containment measures continue the drop in output is equivalent to a decline in annual GDP growth up to 2 percentage points. How damaging these impacts tourn out to be for individual agricultural production of coutries and agricultural cooperatives which are consider as the more viable during crisis is the objective of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a result of many years of field and laboratory research of the soils in Pčinja river basin, North Macedonia, spread out on 237.640,71 ha ranging from 191 to 1664 m above the sea level in order to gain a better understanding of the productive capacities of the soils and measures for their improvement. The catchment area of Pčinja River is a spatial area that extends in two states in the of the Republic of North Macedonia and the part of the Republic of Serbia, whose boundaries are naturally clearly defined. Soil samples were taken by spade and one composite sample was prepared for each sampling site, each containing about 3 kg of soil. Before sieving the samples were air dried. In laboratory, the following analyses have been carried out on the soil samples: hygroscopic moisture, mechanical composition, pH of the soil solution, humus content and total nitrogen, content of carbonates. The mechanical composition and chemical properties of the soils have been determined by standard methods. This area is very heterogeneous, with numerous relief forms, with different expositions and inclinations, and with great differences of altitude. Additionally, there are several geological formations of a very heterogeneous petrographic-mineralogical composition and climate-vegetation zones. Long-term effects of human involvement should also be noted. The vast diversity of the factors required for soil formation in this area is the reason for the formation of many different soil types as well as the lower taxonomic units. These types of soils are characterized by different properties (chemical, physical, and physical-mechanical, productive). Therefore, they have varied effects on agricultural production. There are 9 different soil types and 18 complexes of more than two land types distributed in the Pčinja River basin together with a considerable amount of subtypes, varieties and forms. The most represented with the largest area are: Vertisol, Fluvisol, Fluvisol (Colluvial Soils) and Cambisol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic created a massive socio-economic panic in all sectors across the world. The agricultural sector is among the most important and crucial part of developing economics in the world. Therefore, the disruption in agriculture and food systems have significant impacts on the livelihood of a large section of people in the world. With this background, this paper performs an inclusive assessment of the effect of Covid-19 on agriculture and food systems in the major part of the impacted countries. A detailed review was made on reports, scientific publications, press releases, and organizational statements etc. This review addresses and highlights the direct impacts of Covid-19 on global food systems, market access for agricultural produce, food and nutritional security, global economy, labour availability and migration, agricultural input-output connectivity, initiatives to avert the crisis and importance of information technology (IT) system in agriculture. Further, this paper suggests mitigation and coping mechanisms that could be useful to improve and sustain the livelihoods of the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the evolution of agriculture in Prahova County, in the period 2014-2018, analyzing in particular the production of cereals, fruits and vegetables without omitting animal husbandry and the production of milk and eggs. In order to highlight the main trends of agricultural production in Prahova County, the areas cultivated with cereals for grains, oil plants, potatoes, vegetables, as well as the areas occupied by orchards, vineyards and livestock were subjected to analysis. Grain cereals occupy an average of 95,502.4 hectares, being the largest area. This is followed by the average of oil plants with 27,156.6 hectares, followed by vegetables with an average of 4,230 hectares and potato cultivation with an average of 2,530.4 hectares. For the other crops analyzed, there were increases in maize, fodder, barley production and decreases in rye production. The analysis of fruit and vegetable production highlighted the fact that it belongs largely to private property, this being an asset for the development of slang tourism in Prahova County. Analyzing the milk production, a decreasing trend was found over the entire analyzed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the nexus between agricultural production, renewable energy, foreign direct investment (FDI), and carbon emissions in Africa, where there is limited evidence on the topic. Relying on panel data covering thirty-one African countries obtained from the World Bank World Development Indicators and FAOSTAT databases, we answered the question of whether agricultural production (proxied by livestock production, fertilizer consumption, and land under cereal cultivation), the use of renewable energy, and FDI increase or reduce carbon emissions. Using the panel autoregressive distributed lag model for analysis, our results show that net FDI, fertilizer consumption, livestock production significantly increased carbon emissions, both in the short run and long run. Meanwhile, renewable energy use consumption significantly decreased carbon emissions, both in the short run and long run. Specifically, a 1% increase in net FDI increased total carbon emissions by 0.003% in the short run and by 0.01% in the long run. Renewable energy consumption significantly decreased carbon emissions, both in the short run and long run. A 1% increase in renewable energy consumption decreased total carbon emissions by 0.16% in the short run and by 0.22% in the long run. Additionally, fertilizer consumption and livestock production significantly increased carbon emissions in the short run and long run. A 1% increase in fertilizer consumption increased total carbon emissions by 0.01% in the short run and by 0.04% in the long run, while a 1% increase in livestock production increased total carbon emissions by 0.20% in the short run and by 0.56% in the long run. The findings call for investment in renewable energy technologies and consumption while advocating for large-scale uptake of climate-smart agriculture, and environmentally friendly targeted foreign direct investments on the continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific research reflected in this investigation had the purpose to study the importance of agricultural production and the variation of bacterial microflora on the quality of certain categories of poultry meat in different commercial conditions. In the scientific paper were analysed the indices of the volume of agricultural production in different categories of households during the last period and highlighted the aspects of its increase and decrease. In the same time, by laboratory microbiological methods were evaluated the results of the saprophytic and pathogenic microflora of three categories of poultry meat under various commercialization conditions. The results of the study confirmed that all categories of commercialized poultry meat showed an insignificant number of coccic microorganisms both in the surface layers and in the depth of the meat, which corresponds with the commercialization requirements and is acceptable in human food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research was to find a selection of green suppliers (GSS) that will, in the best way, help agricultural producers to apply green agricultural production using uncertainty in decision making. In order to avoid the possibility of uncertainty in the expert decision making, Z-numbers were used together with the fuzzy LMAW (Logarithm Methodology of Additive Weights) method and fuzzy CRADIS (Compromise Ranking of Alternatives from Distance to Ideal Solution) method. By applying Z-numbers and the fuzzy LMAW method, the weighting coefficients of the criteria were determined, where the experts, in addition to the criteria ratings, also defined the degrees of certainty in the criteria ratings they gave. The obtained results indicated that the criteria related to price and qualities are the most important during the selection process. To select the best alternative, the CRADIS method modified with Z-numbers and fuzzy numbers was applied. The results obtained by applying this method showed that suppliers A2 and A3 have the best characteristics and are the first choice for the procurement of raw and production materials. As part of the paper, the validation of the results and the sensitivity analysis of the model were carried out by conducting the procedure of comparing the obtained results with the results obtained by other MCDM methods and changing the weighting coefficients of the criteria. These analyses indicated that the model presented provides stable results. The conducted research showed how Z-numbers can be used to reduce uncertainty in decision making and how Z-numbers can be used with other fuzzy methods to perform GSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This field study aims to present the voices of female farmers on experiences and perceptions of their contribution to household food security. The study used qualitative method, to gather in-depth reactions and responses that focused on the information needed to analyze the contributions of the female farmers to the household food security a sample of nine female farmers was purposively applied to select women from five villages. An In-depth interview with female farmers was used as a method of data collection in which the results presented in the form of narrated stories. The paper reflects that, young and old women practiced subsistence farming to secure food for their households. They were overloaded with work and spent long hours in food production, income and household activities. The migration of males increased the burden of female framers to produce food. The majority of female farmers involved in off-farm activities to supply food to households during a food shortage. All the female farmers were keen to produce more food but they were challenged by the small size of land and lack of access to the full package of improved production methods. The study concluded that female farmers in Shikan locality North Kordofan play a major role in producing food for their households. Moreover, it is found that the Migration of males put more burden on them as food producers. The study recommended that governments must break down the barriers that are holding women farmers back and preventing them from accessing critical farming input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presented in this paper starts from the fact that it is important to establish agricultural producers in associative forms to open them opportunities for economic development, by attracting local, regional or regional advantages. Thus, we analyzed the groups of agricultural producers established in Călărași county, regarding their structure by categories of activities, the evolution of the economic-financial indicators and the activity carried out. There were 19 interviews with management team and members of the 11 groups of agricultural producers in Călărași, in order to obtain information on the results obtained, the positive and negative aspects encountered in the activity, the advantages and disadvantages of functioning as a group of agricultural producers, future projects. Most of the positive aspects mentioned by the representatives of the groups were related to greater power they have in the negotiations with the input suppliers and in the capitalization of the production, the reduction of the production costs; exploitation of land surfaces that allow the application of modern technologies etc. The general conclusion is that in order to be successful, there must be cohesion in the producers group. If there is no cohesion, there is no success, so as in any association, the human factor is the most important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed price elasticity of production for short run for wheat, maize, sunflower, milk, pork, beef and honey in Romania and in its eight micro-regions in the period 2016-2018. Elasticity coefficients were determined using Cook's formula. At Romania's level, the price growth by 1% will determine the increase of output for wheat, maize, milk, and pork, but lower than price growth rate. Considering that other factors of influence are constant, the growth of the acquisition price will favor the increase of production in the territory of Romania as follows: for wheat in NW, SE, Bucharest Ilfov and S W Oltenia micro-regions; for maize in almost all the micro-regions except Bucharest-Ilfov and West; for sunflower in BIF and SW Oltenia; for pork, in the Center, SE, S Muntenia, SW Oltenia and West regions; for beef only in NW and NE regions; for milk in NW and S Muntenia; for honey in the Center, NE, S Muntenia, and SW Oltenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the evolution of agriculture in the Giurgiu County, during the period 2014-2018, analyzing in particular one of the two major components, namely the vegetal production. Regarding the active population in Giurgiu County, 41.69% is involved in agriculture. In order to highlight the main tendencies of the vegetal production in the Giurgiu County, the areas cultivated with: main cereals, main oilseeds plants, potatoes, melons, perennial fodder, vegetables, as well as the areas occupied by orchards in bearing, flowers and ornamental plants, vineyards in bearing were studied. Wheat occupies the largest area within this county. In 2018, the largest areas were cultivated with wheat - 85,861 ha, maize - 44,404 ha and sunflower - 27,350 ha. For the analyzed period, there were increases in the surface of oats, rapeseeds, soybeans, perennial fodder, vineyards in bearing, flowers and ornamental plants. Apart from rye, sunflower and potatoes, for the other crops analyzed, production increases are recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface water supplies are becoming increasingly strained, pushing policy makers to find solutions to facilitate reductions in water use though there is limited evidence on how farmers respond to policy induced variation in surface water supplies. This paper uses a difference-in-differences framework to compare the response of farmers to a bundle of policies reducing deliveries from the Colorado River by 35%. I find that on average, farmers reduce the amount of land planted but plant more water intensive crops leading to a minimal reduction in total estimated water use compared to the counterfactual. Additionally, there is strong suggestive evidence that farmers are using groundwater to offset a significant amount of the surface water loss. These findings have important consequences for understanding the relative trade-offs policy makers face when implementing policies that protect surface water sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents an analysis of the impact of the budget founds for agriculture have influenced the main macroeconomic indicators like: gross added value, gross domestic product. From the paper we can conclude that since 2007, the indicators reveal an increasing of efficiency in the agricultural sector: value of the agricultural production, share of the GDP from agriculture in total GDP and others. Agricultural sector has received different founds from European Union, as well from the national budget for investments in technology as well as for the direct payments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the innovative activities of agricultura lenterprises on the territory of Ukraine, in particular the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (DJI Agras T30 multicopter). The policy of the leading Ukrainian company Ukrland farming in the field of balanced land use and effective development of the agro-industrial complex was studied. The criteria used in the development of the plant nutrition system have been formed. Advantages were formed in the performance of works on the application of nutrients and plant protection with the help of the Agras T30 multicopter. Proposals were made to increase the level of resource-saving activities of agro-industrial complexes due to the use of alternative methods of agricultural production, namely organic farming, biointensive mini-farming, biodynamic farming, ecological agriculture, EM technologies, established agriculture with low resource intensity, precision agriculture. The existence of an economic-mathematical model of the influence of the use of innovative technologies, in particular, the use of the DJI Agras T30 multicopter, on the dynamics of indicators of the efficiency of the cultivation of cultivated areas of agricultural enterprises has been formed and substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically examines the characteristics of low-intensity, small-scale family farming and related aspects of farming sustainability, in a marginally productive peri-urban landscape, that of the capital town of Lesvos Island, Mytilini, Greece. These aspects and characteristics are explored on the basis of farmers'-landowners' perceptions and visions of local landscape/land use change, through a questionnaire survey. Our findings indicate that production is basically aimed for self-consumption; such practices yield low incomes but bear high cultural values, mostly run by hobby and part-time farmers-landowners, lacking agricultural education. Olive crops are the dominant, but decreasing, form of production, while some other less-water-reliant cultivations are increasing. Peri-urban small family farming remains significant, but in need of new policies/strategies further promoting its value and role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the data regarding the economic accounts for agriculture published on 16 November 2018 by Eurostat, (the Statistics Office of the European Union), the total agricultural production obtained in the European Union in 2017 was 6.2% higher than in 2016, amounting to 432.6 billion euro at basic prices. In 2017, the equivalent of 56% of the value of the agricultural production generated was used for intermediary consumption, while the gross added value represented 44%. The present paper is looking at how a mathematical algorithm used to study the impact of the agricultural production on the GDP can represent a tool for analysing and assessing the evolution of the GDP. The conclusion of the article is that the current fluctuations of the agricultural production trigger variations of the GDP, which means that agriculture is maintaining its impact on the GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper briefly introduces mechanization and its application to agriculture. One of the main problems facing agricultural mechanization in Benue State is the adoption of mechanization strategies. These are often done by governments and international agencies that do not pay enough attention to the interest of small farmers and to the process of technology change. Other pertinent problems include prevalence of small fragmented farm holdings, high cost of hiring tractors for land/bush clearing; lack of classified data and information on the suitability; adaptability and performance of commercially available agricultural equipment as related to types and conditions of soils, crops and livestock; poor monitoring; inadequate repair and maintenance facilities; difficulties in obtaining spare parts; insufficient trained machinery operators; inadequate research programmes; poor credit facilities; poor maintenance culture; absence of incentives for indigenous design and manufacture of equipment and inadequate infrastructural facilities such an pipe bone water; poor road networks and electricity. The paper examines the actions of government and collaborating international agencies. The work is a scholarly inquiry using secondary data and personal visits of the researcher to Benue State owned Tractor Hiring Units. The result reveals several inadequacies which have promoted failures and meaningless attempt at mechanization in agriculture. The paper concluded that there is need for proper combination of hand tools technology, animal draught technology and mechanical power technology that are moderate enough to be supported by indigenous design, development and manufacture of the most needed tools, machinery and equipment and their spare parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance of agricultural entities can be observed from several different perspectives: using macroeconomic indicators, the quantity of agricultural production units, or by measuring the profitability. The paper present focuses on the relationship between profitability, return on sales (ROS) and wheat yields per hectare in agricultural entities in member states of the European Union (EU), divided into size categories by quantity standard output (SO). Due to the high proportion of subsidies in agriculture, the ROS indicator was rated in two versions: including subsidies and excluding subsidies. The aim of the paper is to confirm or refute the mutual relationship between these indicators, i.e. wheat yields per hectare, return on sales, and the size of the farm. The comparison is performed by means of indicators of descriptive statistics and tests of mathematical statistics. The results of the research show that return on sales drops with the size of the farm, while yields per hectare grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper provides synthesis of knowledge and empirical research on selected determinants of agricultural production and verifies the applicability of the methods of hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering in the agricultural sector. It identifies and categorizes the EU Member States in order to their clustering based on the similarity of common features in the context of direct (gross value added, support for agriculture, agriculturally utilized land) and indirect factors (employment, gross fixed capital) affecting the total agricultural production. The aim of the paper is creation of the economically meaningful groups of the EU countries that would confirm or reject the classification of old and new member states. The results of cluster analysis divided countries into three clusters, and confirmed that second cluster was represented by the new member states, and third by the old member states. Clusters were mutually different in the indicators of labour force in agriculture, support for agriculture, and agriculturally utilized land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine and analyse the socioeconomic impacts on agricultural production of the 2 earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.4 and 7.3 that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023, a research survey was conducted and the data obtained from the surveys were evaluated. The survey was carried out in 15 villages in total, in 3 villages selected to represent each of the 5 districts where the earthquake was intensely felt. According to the results, besides the loss of life and property in rural areas, the earthquake had a significant impact on production factors, especially the stock of warehouses, tractor capital, manpower, and caused disruptions in supply chains and delays in agricultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a result of many years of field and laboratory research of the soils in Crna River Basin, spread out on 497 514,81 ha, with the altitudes ranging from 150 to 2601 m above sea level with the main goal of gaining better understanding of the productive capacities of soils and soil conservation measures for their improvement. The catchment area of the Crna River is a spatial area that extends in two states in the southwest of the Republic of North Macedonia and the northern part of the Republic of Greece. The filed research of the soils and preparation of soil samples has been done according to ISO 10381-1 and ISO 10381-2 protocols. Soil samples were analysed in the laboratory: hygroscopic moisture; mechanical composition; pH of the soil solution; humus content and total nitrogen; content of carbonates; available nutrients P2O5 and K2O. The mechanical composition and chemical properties of the soils were determined by standard methods. Physical-geographical conditions of the studied area are heterogeneous, with numerous relief forms; different expositions and inclinations, and with great differences of altitude. There are several geological formations of a very heterogeneous petrographic-mineralogical composition and climate-vegetation zones. Long-term effects of human participation should also be noted. The vast diversity of the factors required for soil formation in the catchment area of the Crna River are the reason for the formation of many different soil types as well as the lower taxonomic units. There are 14 (fourteen) different soil types distributed in the Crna River Basin together with a considerable amount of subtypes, varieties and forms. The most significant soil types are: Fluvisol and Cambisol. These types of soils are characterized by different properties (chemical, physical, physical-mechanical and productive). Therefore, they have varied effects on agricultural production (field crop, viticulture and fruit production). The aim of this research was to present combined measures of soil conservation for soils from mountain terrains, lake terraces and undulating-hilly terrains, including from sloping terrains and from plain terrains, based on the research that was implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cattle modernisation sought by American missionaries in colonial North India advanced a productivist argument around the efficiency of cattle and their contribution to agriculture. On the face of it, by criticising the excessive supply of cattle in North India, this position went against the core preservationist concerns of the cow protectionists. But in reality, these modernisers struck a range of correlations with colonial and nationalist positions on the management of livestock and, ironically, even some limited space with the cow protectionists in treating India's cattle as productive beings that were beneficial to the nation. These American prescriptions were stable constructs that became visible once again in the American food aid apparatus in India after Independence and shared overlapping concerns with ongoing cattle productivity debates in India. This paper illuminates the overlaps between the advocacy of the multiple constituents and a recurrence of certain patterns of contestation that were constitutive of the very paradigm of agrarian modernisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares Brazilian Agricultural Sciences scientific production and Brazilian agricultural production as highlighted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, for each federative unit. In methodological terms, the scientific production is measured by bibliometric indicators of production and thematic association using BibExcel, Excel, and VOSviewer software. The study corpus is composed of 109.084 scientific papers indexed by Scopus between 2008 and 2017. The heterogeneous distribution of the Brazilian scientific production in Agricultural Sciences was demonstrated for all Brazilian states. The keywords analysis revealed that the most common research topic was Brazilian' Socioeconomics Policies, a research goal established by the National Graduate Plan (2010-2020). In conclusion, the correspondence between scientific production in Agricultural Sciences and agricultural production was found, once 19 out of 26 agricultural products identified by the Ministry as relevant to the Brazilian economy were present among the most frequent keywords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about to analyze the territorial configurations, in the last two decades, of working and memories in the agricultural production at the Rio de Contas' shores, located in the district of Suçuarana, Tanhaçú - Bahia. Therefore, the territory, the memory and the work are understood as a contradictory dialectical unit that is linked to the general process of capitalist accumulation. In this means to build this theoretical perspective, we used the contributions of Harvey (2006), Smith (1988), Oliveira (1997-99), Marx (1985), Hobsbawm (2014), Pollak (1989), Carvalho (2013) Coca (2013), among others sources. The data analysis and narratives of both male and female workers show the transformations that occurred. Simultaneously, transformations took place in many different facets such as production, distribution, circulation and consumption in the most different types of crops and in territorial configurations. Furthermore, they reveal their own contradictions and as class and power are disputed between peasant family farmers, middlemen, consumers, the Syndicate and the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the possibility of spatial spillover effects of transport infrastructure in Iran provinces. We estimate the regional spillovers of the transport infrastructure stock by applying a spatial Durbin model from 1980-2015. The results indicate that positive spillover effect exist due to the connectivity characteristic of transport infrastructure at the national level. A spatial Durbin model that obtains spatial dependence in a given province has a positive direct effects on agricultural output. Also, at the national level, the spillover effect of road infrastructure on elasticity of output in neighboring provinces varies with respect to the spatial weight matrix used in the spatial Durbin model. Moreover, our analysis shows that enhancement in road infrastructure in the provinces, south region shows a larger positive spillover effect on agricultural output when compared to central or west provinces. At the regional level, transport infrastructure spillover effects change significantly all the time among Iran's five macro-regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the indiscriminate use of chemical inputs like pesticides, serious agricultural diffused pollution is arising, not only with the ecological environment damaging, but also with the agriculture sustainable development restricted. It is imperative for China to reduce pesticides use. Under the decentralized production background, farmers’ willingness to reduce pesticides is worth discussing. This paper aims to explore farmers’ willingness to reduce pesticides use based on its determinants analysis. A structured questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 924 farmers in rural China. Binary logistic regression model was used to examine the determinants. The results showed that farmers’ environmental concern, pesticides residues cognition, agro-products quality concern and input controls positively and significantly influence farmers’ willingness to reduce pesticides, while non-agricultural income share influence negatively. Results also reveal that farmers’ self-discipline is more effective than government regulations; enhancing farmers’ self-discipline is important to guide farmers toward environmentally-friend measures in agricultural production. This paper recommended that policy makers take measures to improve farmers’ environmental awareness and strengthen input supervision. Improved effectiveness of pesticides usage is also needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coconut industry is one of the important economic sectors in the Philippines. Coconut products are the main exporting agricultural commodity in the Philippines. This paper provides an overview of the coconut supply chain in the Philippines including coconut production, export markets, and supply chain structure, as well as analysis of constraints to increased agricultural production. One of the major problems in the export of coconut products is the declining volume of production, which resulted in the failure of meeting the demand in the world market. The policy recommendations are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose in agricultural production is to get the highest yield from the unit area. The prerequisite for obtaining high efficiency is the right fertilizer consumption. The basic element of obtaining the highest income from production is balanced fertilization. Factors such as the type, amount and time of use of the fertilizer directly affects yield. Thus, in order for the producer to use fertilization in a balanced method, it is necessary to give the soil an appropriate amount and type of fertilizer by making a soil analysis. This research aims to determine the tendencies of the producers in Bursa to have soil analysis performed. For this purpose, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 388 producers. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted with SPSS 25.0. 38.9% of the producers are between the ages of 36-45. Educational status is only literate at the rate of 66.8%. According to the test results, 82.2% of the producers do not use soil analysis for their lands. It is seen that the producers who have soil analysis have the analysis done to learn the fertilizer need of the crop they will plant the most and they trust the results of the analysis. It has also been observed that the producers do not have sufficient information about soil analysis. This is due to the low level of education of the producers. The increase in the trainings that will raise the awareness of the producers and free soil analysis will encourage the producers to analyze. The main thing is that this factor, which directly affects production, such as soil analysis, should be made compulsory for all producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of small gardening is considered in this paper. The importance of peasant households for the Ukrainian village is justified. The necessity measures facilitating the efficiency of family agricultural production was proved. The international practices of the functioning of peasant households were analyzed. The recommendations such as the assessment of small agricultural development were proposed. The marketability level, its share in the revenue is the important criteria. The necessity of the peasant households unions on cooperatives was proved. The servicing cooperative model was proposed. Its mission is a provision of sale of production. Amendments in the efficiency of the economic activity, in budget of the farming families were determined. The recommendations proposed enables to improve the peasants' well-being level, to influence positively on the vegetables market. Transition of peasant households to the entrepreneurial basis develop of servicing cooperation in small agricultural is presented as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coconut industry is one of the important economic sectors in the Philippines. Coconut products are the main exporting agricultural commodity in the Philippines. This paper provides an overview of the coconut supply chain in the Philippines including coconut production, export markets, and supply chain structure, as well as analysis of constraints to increased agricultural production. One of the major problems in the export of coconut products is the declining volume of production, which resulted in the failure of meeting the demand in the world market. The policy recommendations are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a Brazilian rural credit program, The National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF), on small family farming production. Design/methodology/approach: The method is based on a quasi-experimental approach (propensity score matching) applied to 4.1m family farmers in Brazil. Findings: Results show that farmers accessing PRONAF tended to be positively selected in terms of several observable characteristics, such as land size and agricultural practices. Moreover, PRONAF had positive and differentiated impacts on agricultural production. The impact was larger in the poorest region when compared to the regions characterized by intensive and commercial farming. Research limitations/implications: The rural credit information was restricted to one crop year, making impossible to analyze the mid- and long-term impacts of the credit program on agricultural production. Practical implications: The study provides some practical implications for policies of rural development. First, rural credit does matter for agricultural production of small family farmers. Nonetheless, since credit programs are large subsidized by the rest of the population, further studies are still needed the aggregate costs and benefits of these schemes. Results also revealed that PRONAF may have contributed to reduce regional inequalities, since the impact was larger in the poorest NE region. Originality/value: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of how rural credit has impacted small-farm agricultural production, using large and representative data – the whole population of Brazilian family farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the necessary link that must exist between the behavior of energy management in the industries destined to produce elements for agricultural productions, in this case part of the irrigation systems for agriculture, important systems to guarantee favorable results. in the characteristic crops of each time of the year, whether short cycle or not. Fundamentally, the behavior of energy expenditure, mainly of the electrical system and the supporting energy systems that determine the conformation of the productions destined to the irrigation systems, are analyzed, proposals that can contribute to lower production costs in the productive entity and which can contribute to a decrease in the cost of obtaining the agricultural product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern conditions, the problem of improving the mechanism of state support for innovative agricultural production is actualized. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of financing agricultural science and develop a mechanism for stimulating innovative agricultural production. The article analyzes the impact of investments on the innovative development of agricultural systems based on the construction of models of the modified Cobb-Douglas production function, substantiates methodological approaches to financing agricultural science to increase incentives. for innovative agricultural production. Foreign and domestic theoretical and methodological approaches to the financing of agricultural science have been studied. Empirically, calculations were made to determine the optimal level of financing of agricultural science in order to reduce interregional differentiation. It has been empirically proven that the process of financing scientific research in the field of agricultural sciences does not sufficiently influence the dynamics of production volumes. Approaches have been developed to optimize the means of financing agricultural science on the basis of the achieved criterion of innovativeness of production. The practical significance of the results of this work lies in the improvement of tools for stimulating innovative production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the necessity of competitive development of farming enterprises in Lviv region to ensure food security both at the state and regional levels in particular. As part of the research, a thorough economic and statistical analysis of their economic activity and resource provision was conducted. It has been found that the farming enterprises of Lviv region are characterized by positive trends of development. In particular, there is a consolidation of farmers by the area of land use, an increase in the number of agricultural products, which had a positive effect on the sale of the main types of agricultural products in the region and beyond. The objective necessity is substantiated for intensive development of cooperation of farming enterprises in Lviv region under conditions of unstable financial and economic situation in the state, which will provide an opportunity to attract investment and innovation resources for their effective development, will ensure production of ecologically clean food products and creation of new jobs. Among the priority directions for the development of farming enterprises in Lviv Region, special attention is focused on the diversification of activities, which is expedient to consider in production, technological and marketing aspects. The study proved that farming enterprises of Lviv region have all the prerequisites for effective business management. Their strategic development should be focused not only on increasing the volume of production, but also on improving the quality of products, which will ensure a high level of their competitiveness on domestic and foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]