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2. املحررات العادية غير املعدة لإلثبات وحجيتها يف النظام السعودي دراسة مقارنة بالفقه اإلسالمي.
- Author
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سلطان ناعم سلطان
- Subjects
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COMPARATIVE method , *COMPETENT authority , *AUTHENTICITY (Philosophy) , *RESEARCH methodology , *JURISPRUDENCE , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Research Objectives: Definition of regular editors and their types. And knowing what is required to protest it. And to highlight the strength of its authority in the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence. Research Methodology: I adopted the pairing approach between the original and comparative approaches, by extrapolating the largest possible number of research sources and their advanced and late references. And the obligation to present issues in the Saudi system, then in Islamic jurisprudence, and then compare them. When dealing with controversial issues, the subject of dispute is edited, then the sayings are presented in proportion to their utterers according to the chronological order of the four schools of thought with their evidence, then the weighting and its reason. The most prominent results: The Saudi system is very much in agreement with what is stated in Islamic jurisprudence. Moreover, the editors are a systematic term that corresponds to the papers written in Islamic jurisprudence. The Saudi system of ordinary papers that are not prepared for proof and whose authenticity is confirmed are proven authentic before the competent authorities with conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
3. Hard or Soft Sell? Understanding White Papers as Content Marketing.
- Author
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Campbell, Kim Sydow, Naidoo, Jefrey S., and Campbell, Sean M.
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CONTENT marketing , *COMMUNICATION of technical information , *DEFINITIONS , *LITERATURE reviews , *ADVERTISING - Abstract
Background: Although some have noted that combining technical and marketing content is precarious, technical communication professionals are increasingly involved in content marketing, which includes the creation of white papers. Literature review: The little existing literature on white papers provides conflicting guidance about managing the combination of technical and marketing content. Both soft-sell and hard-sell marketing approaches have been recommended. One source of such inconsistent guidance may be the lack of agreement about definitions. Research on print advertisements has described hard and soft selling as multidimensional rather than binary aspects of persuasive appeals. Research question: Which dimensions of hard- and soft-sell appeals are predominant in white papers? Research methodology: To complete our descriptive study, we collected a corpus of documents labeled as white papers in TechRepublic, and then selected and trained three raters to complete a series of judgments about dimensions of persuasive appeals in the corpus. We aggregated those ratings, calculating the mean and standard deviation for the dimensions to describe their distribution across the corpus. Results/discussion: Overall, hard-sell dimensions were more prevalent than soft-sell dimensions. However, the soft-sell category of “implicitness” was also dominant. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the value of treating hard and soft selling as multidimensional, complementary, and combinatory marketing appeals that allow, for example, a single white paper to be both “subjective” (soft sell), and “precise” (hard sell), or both “creative” (soft sell) and “informative” (hard sell). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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4. On the paper "Generalized hyperideals in locally associative left almost semihypergroups".
- Author
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KEHAYOPULU, Niovi
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MULTIPLICATION , *MATHEMATICS , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
This note is written to show that the definition of the LA-semihypergroup by V. Amjad, K. Hila and F. Yousafzai "Generalized hyperideals in locally associative left almost semihypergroups, New York J. Math. 2014" should be corrected and that it is not enough to replace the multiplication "·" of an LA-semigroup by the hyperoperation "ο" to pass from an LA-semigroup to an LA-semihypergroup. The two examples of the paper based on the definition of the LA-semihypergroup are wrong that is a further indication that this definition needs correction. According to the last section of the paper, the paper generalizes the results of an LA-semigroup by M. Akram, N. Yaqoob and M. Khan "On (m, n) -ideals of left almost semigroups, Appl. Math. Sci. (Ruse) 2013" while the paper duplicates, without citation, the section 4 of the paper by W. Khan, F. Yousafzai, W. Guo and M. Khan "On (m, n) -ideals of left almost semigroups, J. Semigroup Theory Appl. 2014" with the usual change of "·" to "ο". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. White paper on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from society of abdominal radiology's disease-focused panel for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Part I, AJCC staging system, NCCN guidelines, and borderline resectable disease.
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Kulkarni, Naveen M., Soloff, Erik V., Tolat, Parag P., Sangster, Guillermo P., Fleming, Jason B., Brook, Olga R., Wang, Zhen Jane, Hecht, Elizabeth M., Zins, Marc, Bhosale, Priya R., Arif-Tiwari, Hina, Mannelli, Lorenzo, Kambadakone, Avinash R., and Tamm, Eric P.
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ADENOCARCINOMA , *RADIOLOGY , *GUIDELINES , *DEFINITIONS , *DISEASES , *GLEASON grading system , *CANCER prognosis - Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with a poor 5-year survival rate. Accurate staging of PDAC is an important initial step in the development of a stage-specific treatment plan. Different staging systems/consensus statements convened by different societies and academic practices are currently used. The most recent version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor/node/metastases (TNM) staging system for PDAC has shifted its focus from guiding management to assessing prognosis. In order to preoperatively define the resectability of PDAC and to guide management, additional classification systems have been developed. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, one of the most commonly used systems, provide recommendations on the management and the determination of resectability for PDAC. The NCCN divides PDAC into three categories of resectability based on tumor-vessel relationship: 'resectable,' 'borderline resectable,' and 'unresectable'. Among these, the borderline disease category is of special interest given its evolution over time and the resulting variations in the definition and the associated recommendations for management between different societies. It is important to be familiar with the evolving criteria, and treatment and follow-up recommendations for PDAC. In this article, the most current AJCC staging (8th edition), NCCN guidelines (version 2.2019—April 9, 2019), and challenges and controversies in borderline resectable PDAC are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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6. Turkey in the Global Political Economy: Technological and Economic Integration.
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Talani, Leila Simona
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MERGERS & acquisitions , *TECHNOLOGICAL progress , *GLOBALIZATION , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
This paper aims at assessing the extent to which Turkey is integrated in the global political economy with respect to both the technological and the economic dimensions. This paper will achieve this aim by first providing for a technological definition of globalization. It will then proceed by assessing the degree of integration of Turkey in the technological progress necessary to catch up with the globalization progress. Finally, the analysis will move to the degree of integration of the country in the global political economy on the basis of the traditional indicators of integration, such as the share of global FDIs, the share of Global Mergers and Acquisitions and the share of global exports. Conclusions will be drawn to identify problems and solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Is the era of declining global income inequality over?
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Kanbur, Ravi, Ortiz-Juarez, Eduardo, and Sumner, Andy
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INCOME inequality , *WEALTH inequality , *ECONOMIC expansion , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
This paper examines the trajectory of global income inequality since 1981. Commonly used (relative) definitions indicate a decline in global inequality since the late 1980s. Looking ahead, it has been intuited that the influence of China's economic development—and that of other rapidly growing, populous nations—on the between-country component will, at some juncture, diminish and start to add to global inequality should economic growth persist. Our paper formalizes the turning point of global inequality through a simple model. For illustrative purposes, we empirically present the implications for the timing of the turning point in the context of a weaker post-pandemic growth recovery versus a stronger, albeit improbable, post-pandemic growth recovery. We conclude by arguing that the era of declining global income inequality is likely over, considering the forces influencing both the between-country and within-country components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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8. 区块链隐私保护技术研究综述.
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谭朋柳, 徐滕, 杨思佳, and 陶志辉
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RESEARCH personnel , *PRIVACY , *QUALITATIVE research , *COINS , *BLOCKCHAINS , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In recent years, blockchain has attracted increasing attention in both academic and industrial circles, and the privacy of blockchain remains a controversial issue when deploying blockchain in different applications. This paper systematically reviewed the current privacy protection schemes and mechanisms in blockchain, and gave insights into the security and privacy of blockchain. Firstly, this paper briefly introduced the main functions, types and privacy definitions of blockchain technology, and analyzed the privacy issues it faced. Then, from a technical perspective, this paper divided blockchain privacy protection technology into four categories: decentralized identity authentication, privacy protocol, encryption technology and obfuscation technology, as well as eight sub-categories: decentralized identity authentication, secure multi-party computation, differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, zero-knowledge proof, coin mixing technology, ring signature and anonymous communication. This paper studied them separately, and summarized the mechanisms of different privacy protection technologies on permissioned and permissionless blockchains. Finally, this paper conducted qualitative research on the main characteristics and attributes of the eight privacy protection technologies, and discussed future research directions of privacy protection technologies. The research provided reference for blockchain developers to choose appropriate privacy protection schemes and for researchers to choose research directions for blockchain privacy protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. What Is a Working Equid? Analysis of Current Terminology and a Suggested Definition.
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Raw, Zoe, Collins, Joseph A., and Burden, Faith A.
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RESOURCE-limited settings , *LITERATURE reviews , *LOW-income countries , *EQUIDAE , *ANIMAL development , *DONKEYS , *MIDDLE-income countries , *HIGH-income countries - Abstract
Simple Summary: Equids, such as horses, donkeys, and mules, play vital roles in various types of work globally, with their use differing significantly across countries of different income levels. We conducted a thorough review of research literature to examine if and how terms related to working equids are used in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Our findings indicate that studies focusing on higher-income countries tend to produce more research papers on equids, except for when using the terms "working equid" and "draft equid", which are more common in studies focusing on lower-income countries, and these terms often refer to animals in low-resource rural settings and marginalised communities. We suggest that "working equid" should be defined as "any equid engaged in physical labour that provides a significant or direct contribution to the economic livelihood, sustenance or support of the owner/user's family, typically within a low resource setting". The lack of a standard definition complicates policy making and welfare legislation, especially in lower-income countries where equids are crucial for livelihoods but are often overlooked by policy. This study highlights the need for more inclusive and culturally aware terminology to improve welfare standards and policies for working equids worldwide. Equids are engaged in myriad types of work across the world, with contexts and industries varying widely between high-, middle- and low-income countries as classified by the World Bank. Through a comprehensive abstract search and literature review, we examined the usage and context of terms associated with working equids in high-income countries (HICs), upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), and low-income countries (LICs). Analysis showed that the search term used was significantly associated with World Bank country income classification. All search terms except two returned a significantly higher number of papers for higher-income countries compared to lower-income countries. The two exceptions were "working equid" and "draft equid", which returned significantly more papers for lower-income countries than higher-income countries. Both terms also returned papers from high-income and upper-middle-income countries, but these were always in the context of low-resource settings and rural or marginalised communities, of which we provide examples in the discussion. We propose that the term "working equid" should be used to describe "any equid engaged in physical labour that provides a significant or direct contribution to the economic livelihood, sustenance or support of the owner/user's family, typically within a low resource setting". Our review highlights the intricate interplay between socioeconomic factors and examines how equids are described in the literature. The lack of a universally accepted definition leads to challenges in policy formulation, resource allocation, and welfare standards development, particularly in LMICs and LICs where working equids are crucial to livelihoods. This study underscores the need for a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to terminology, advocating for future research to bridge linguistic and cultural gaps in understanding working equids globally. Such efforts are vital for equitable and effective welfare standards and policy development for these animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Beyond gatekeeping: Philosophical sources, Indigenous philosophy, and the Huarochirí Manuscript.
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Sanchez‐Perez, Jorge
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TRADITIONAL knowledge , *GATEKEEPING , *PHILOSOPHERS , *MANUSCRIPTS , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
This paper argues for a broad definition of philosophical sources and how Indigenous traditional knowledge fits that definition. It concludes by showing how, following the previous two points, an Indigenous document such as the Huarochirí Manuscript can be considered a philosophical source by academic philosophers. The paper has three sections: the first deals with the methodological point of addressing what can be considered as philosophy. This section presents a conversational approach to philosophy. This approach, although broad, properly captures the practices of inquiring about philosophical issues as is commonly done in Western academic circles, but without excluding the practices of non‐Western cultures from being labelled as philosophical. The second section argues for the analytical distinction between a philosophical source, a philosophical text, and a philosophical insight. It shows that what makes a philosophical source such are the philosophical insights that it can provide. The final section shows how the Huarochirí Manuscript has merits making it worthy of being considered a philosophical source and thus a relevant academic source for those working in the field of philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Stability of Fixed Points of Partial Contractivities and Fractal Surfaces.
- Author
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Navascués, María A.
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BANACH algebras , *METRIC spaces , *HILBERT space , *MAPS , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In this paper, a large class of contractions is studied that contains Banach and Matkowski maps as particular cases. Sufficient conditions for the existence of fixed points are proposed in the framework of b-metric spaces. The convergence and stability of the Picard iterations are analyzed, giving error estimates for the fixed-point approximation. Afterwards, the iteration proposed by Kirk in 1971 is considered, studying its convergence, stability, and error estimates in the context of a quasi-normed space. The properties proved can be applied to other types of contractions, since the self-maps defined contain many others as particular cases. For instance, if the underlying set is a metric space, the contractions of type Kannan, Chatterjea, Zamfirescu, Ćirić, and Reich are included in the class of contractivities studied in this paper. These findings are applied to the construction of fractal surfaces on Banach algebras, and the definition of two-variable frames composed of fractal mappings with values in abstract Hilbert spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. A contribution-based indicator of research productivity: theoretical definition and empirical testing in the field of communication.
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Blasco-Blasco, Olga, Demeter, Márton, and Goyanes, Manuel
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DEFINITIONS , *SCHOLARS ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to theoretically outline and empirically test two contribution-based indicators: (1) the scholars' annual contribution-based measurement and (2) the annual contribution modified h-index, computing six criteria: total number of papers, computed SCImago Journal Rank values, total number of authors, total number of citations of a scholar's work, number of years since paper publication and number of annual paper citations. Design/methodology/approach: Despite widespread scholarly agreement about the relevance of research production in evaluation and recruitment processes, the proposed mechanisms for gauging publication output are still rather elementary, consequently obscuring each individual scholar's contributions. This study utilised the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method, and the authors built two indicators to value author's contribution. Findings: To test both indicators, this study focussed on the most productive scholars in communication during a specific time period (2017–2020), ranking their annual research contribution and testing it against standard productivity measures (i.e. number of papers and h-index). Originality/value: This article contributes to current scientometric studies by addressing some of the limitations of aggregate-level measurements of research production, providing a much-needed understanding of scholarly productivity based on scholars' actual contribution to research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. A shared lens around sensemaking in learning analytics: What activity theory, definition of a situation and affordances can offer.
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Poquet, Oleksandra
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LENSES , *SOCIAL perception , *INDIVIDUAL differences , *LEARNING , *DEFINITIONS , *RESEARCH personnel , *RIDESHARING - Abstract
The paper argues that learning analytics as a research field can benefit from a theory‐informed shared language to describe sensemaking of learning and teaching data. To make the case for such shared language, first, I critically review prominent sensemaking theories to then demonstrate how studies in learning analytics do not use coherent descriptions of sensemaking, eclectically combining the paradigms that have underlying differences. I then propose a conceptualization of sensemaking that overcomes the differences between these theories and explains how the concepts of activity system, the definition of the situation and affordances can be used to capture individual differences in sensemaking. The paper concludes with a preliminary framework and examples demonstrating its utility in raising new theoretical questions, informing design principles and providing shared language for researchers in learning analytics.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topicSensemaking happens when individuals try to explain unknown situations.Learning analytics uses sensemaking as a lens to understand dashboard use.Systematic analysis of sensemaking is essential for learning analytics.What this paper addsThe paper notes that noticing and perceiving are commonly examined in learning analytics on dashboard use.The paper suggests a revision of fundamental assumptions in sensemaking.A paper proposes a toy model of sensemaking that includes operationalization of the definition of the situation, activity where sensemaking happens and processes of noticing and perceiving affordances.Implications for practice and/or policyLearning analytics must examine sensemaking of data about teaching and learning in a systematic manner.Internal perceptions of the social environment and activity that are informed by the data need to be considered in evaluating dashboard use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. A paper about the slope of the equilibrium line.
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Taylor, Ross and Duss, Markus
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SIMULATION software , *EQUILIBRIUM , *MOLE fraction , *PHASE equilibrium , *DEFINITIONS , *ELECTRONIC spreadsheets - Abstract
• Approximation for the slope of the equilibrium line in multicomponent mixtures. • Method based on the new concept of the design component. • Design component is that eliminated from the mixture in a section of the column. • Two approximate methods of estimating the slope are adequate for design work. • These simple approximations easily programmed in any spreadsheet. There is no simple definition of the slope for multicomponent systems because the vapour liquid equilibrium is represented by a surface (which lies in hyperspace for more than 3 compounds). Thus, for multicomponent systems any pseudo-binary method for estimating tray efficiencies and HETP must rely, in part, on an approximate method of estimating the slope. The objective of this paper is to present a new method of approximating the slope in multicomponent systems based on differentiation of the phase equilibrium surface with respect to the mole fraction of the design component, defined as that compound we seek to eliminate from the mixture in a particular section of the column. There is only one design compound per column section. The approach presented here can be easily applied to absorber and stripper columns, where the concept of key components is not applicable. Two analytical approximate methods of estimating the design slope are shown to be in good agreement with the rigorous calculation even in cases where the relative volatility is not constant. These simple approximations, which need nothing beyond what is readily available from any column simulation program are adequate for design and can be programmed easily in any spreadsheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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15. A Note on the Paper "Optimality Conditions for Vector Optimization Problems with Difference of Convex Maps".
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Shafie, Allahkaram and Bozorgnia, Farid
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SET-valued maps , *VECTOR topology , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In this work, some counterexamples are given to refute some results in the paper by Guo and Li (J Optim Theory Appl 162:821–844, 2014). We correct the faulty in some of their theorems, and we present alternative proofs. Moreover, we extend the definition of approximately pseudo-dissipative in the setting of metrizable topological vector spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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16. Refining Characteristics of Isometric Straight Bar Plates with Different Bar Angles.
- Author
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Huan Liu, Jixian Dong, Hui Jing, Xiya Guo, Chuanwu Duan, Kai Qi, Ruifan Yang, Haozeng Guo, Bo Wang, and Lijie Qiao
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PAPER pulp , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Bar angle is one of the most important parameters of an isometric straight bar refiner plate and its effects on the change in pulp and paper properties during refining is still unclear. This study investigated the effect of plate bar angle on refining quality and refining efficiency by clarifying the definition of bar angle. Five isometric straight bar plates with different bar angles were used in low consistency refining of bleached sulphate eucalyptus pulp (BSEP). Samples at different refining time intervals were collected, and the fibers, pulp, and paper properties were detected and analyzed. There was a great influence of bar angle on the fibers, pulp, and paper properties. Additionally, a critical static attack angle, or critical bar angle for plates with specific field angle, existed. The modification of fibers and pulp properties was strong when the plate reached a critical bar angle. Meanwhile, there was an optimal static attack angle for a plate with specific field angle, when considering paper properties such as tensile index and tear index. The refining time was shortest when the pulp was refined by the plate with critical bar angle, allowing the paper properties to reach a maximum value. It was shown that the static attack angle of refining should be selected in the range of 45° to 70°, which includes the optimal value and the bar angle was proposed in the range of 11.25° to 23.75° for the plate with common field angle of 22.5°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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17. THE LEGAL DEFINITION OF CRYPTO ASSETS.
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Cvetkova, Irina
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ELECTRONIC money , *PAPER money , *DEFINITIONS , *ASSETS (Accounting) , *TRANSFER payments - Abstract
Cryptocurrencies or Crypto Assets appeared due to technological progress and the evolution of money as a completely liquid medium of exchange. Originally money fulfilled a function of exchange of goods. It was then assigned to gold as the universal equivalent. The next stage - transition to paper money, until the emergence of electronic money. The past ten years have seen the creation of a new class of digital instruments that are not issued by a sovereign institution or commercial bank. Since these instruments may be used as a currency, they are variously labeled "electronic cash", "digital currency", "virtual currency", "cryptocurrency" or "Crypto Asset". The Crypto Assets is a cryptographically protected decentralized digital currency used as means of exchange. Due to development of new technologies and innovations, the rate of using of cryptocurrency is rapidly increasing throughout the globe, replacing not only cash payment and payments by bank transfer, but also electronic or virtual payments. There are more than 2524 kinds of Crypto Assets in the world, and this data is changing every second. The law scholars have not yet reached a consensus regarding nature and legal status of the Crypto Assets. The Crypto Asset possesses both the nature of obligations rights and property rights, since it may be both a commodity and means of payment. In some countries the approach to definition of Crypto Assets is different. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the legal status of Crypto Assets. Comparative and analytical research methods are used for this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
18. Relational properties: Definition, reduction, and states of affairs.
- Author
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Meinertsen, Bo R.
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ONTOLOGY , *METAPHYSICS , *DEFINITIONS , *LITERATURE - Abstract
This paper defines relational properties and argues for their reducibility in a, broadly speaking, Armstrongian framework of state of affairs ontology and truthmaking. While Armstrong's own characterisation and reduction of them arguably is the best one available in the literature of this framework, it suffers from two main problems. As will be shown, it neither defines relational properties very clearly (if at all), nor provides an adequate conception of their reduction. This paper attempts to remedy this situation in four steps. First, it introduces relational properties and why they matter in metaphysics in general. Second, by briefly comparing and contrasting them with extrinsic properties, and by briefly mapping them onto a tripartite division of relations, the particular kinds of relevant relational properties are identified. Third, it classifies relational properties and thereby makes possible an apt definition of them. Finally, using the notion of truthmaking, it outlines a more satisfactory case for their reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Relatively Anosov representations via flows II: Examples.
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Zhu, Feng and Zimmer, Andrew
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DEFINITIONS , *CONTRACTS - Abstract
This is the second in a series of two papers that develops a theory of relatively Anosov representations using the original "contracting flow on a bundle" definition of Anosov representations introduced by Labourie and Guichard–Wienhard. In this paper, we focus on building families of examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Deceiving versus manipulating: An evidence‐based definition of deception.
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Fallis, Don
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DECEPTION , *DIGITAL technology , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
What distinguishes deception from manipulation? Cohen (Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 96, 483 and 2018) proposes a new answer and explores its ethical implications. Appealing to new cases of "non‐deceptive manipulation" that involve intentionally causing a false belief, he offers a new definition of deception in terms of communication that rules out these counterexamples to the traditional definition. And, he leverages this definition in support of the claim that deception "carries heavier moral weight" than manipulation. In this paper, I argue that these cases of "non‐deceptive manipulation" are even more prevalent than Cohen suggests—especially in the digital world. Thus, if his moral claim were correct, a lot of what is happening on the internet these days would constitute moral improvement over old‐fashioned deception. Fortunately, we are not forced to accept this counterintuitive conclusion. Cohen's definition must be rejected because it incorrectly rules out clear instances of deception. In this paper, I defend a definition of deception in terms of evidence that does correctly distinguish between deception and non‐deceptive manipulation. Moreover, it does not support Cohen's claim that deception is morally worse than other forms of manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. L’usignolo di Keats. Documenti, archivi e oggetti informativi.
- Author
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Domenella, Camilla, Fedriga, Riccardo, and Mattioni, Margherita
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DEFINITIONS , *ARCHIVES - Abstract
The paper first analyzes the complexity of the notion of the archival document, in its fundamental definition and its updates prompted by the shift to the digital dimension. It then sets out to consider – from a digital hermeneutic point of view – the notion of ‘document’ from the perspective of the information object and therefore of the intentional object. Finally, the paper discusses the ways in which the archive is a technological enhancement for the interrogability and ‘consultability’ of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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22. A detailed look at continuity in Calculus textbooks.
- Author
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Burazin, Andrijana, Jungić, Veselin, and Lovrić, Miroslav
- Abstract
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the role of intuition and ambiguity in doing, teaching and learning mathematics. We start by discussing the ways in which limits and continuity are presented in Calculus textbooks, to illustrate some of the ambiguities, and to contrast them with precise and rigorous definitions and statements. Next, we offer a brief overview of the topological terms necessary to introduce the notion of a continuous function in the topological setting. We conclude by suggesting a way of presenting the concept of a continuous function appropriate for Calculus instruction, while still staying true to its topological roots. This paper is also a suggestion to mathematics instructors to consider modifying the way they introduce limits and continuity in their classrooms, by creating a balance (appropriate for their students!) between rigour on the one side and intuition and ambiguity on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. Thin Polytopes: Lattice Polytopes With Vanishing Local h*-Polynomial.
- Author
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Borger, Christopher, Kretschmer, Andreas, and Nill, Benjamin
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LEANNESS , *POLYNOMIALS , *POLYTOPES , *CLASSIFICATION , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In this paper, we study the novel notion of thin polytopes: lattice polytopes whose local |$h^{*}$| -polynomials vanish. The local |$h^{*}$| -polynomial is an important invariant in modern Ehrhart theory. Its definition goes back to Stanley with fundamental results achieved by Karu, Borisov, and Mavlyutov; Schepers; and Katz and Stapledon. The study of thin simplices was originally proposed by Gelfand, Kapranov, and Zelevinsky, where in this case the local |$h^{*}$| -polynomial simply equals its so-called box polynomial. Our main results are the complete classification of thin polytopes up to dimension 3 and the characterization of thinness for Gorenstein polytopes. The paper also includes an introduction to the local |$h^{*}$| -polynomial with a survey of previous results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. A new definition of conditional expectation for finite uncertainty spaces.
- Author
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Frondoza, Michael, Eden, Richard, and Lara-Tuprio, Elvira de
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CONDITIONAL expectations , *EXPECTANCY theories , *DEFINITIONS , *CONDITIONAL probability - Abstract
This paper continues the authors' previous work on developing a theory of conditional expectations in uncertainty spaces. In a previous paper, they adopted the standard definition from classical probability by defining the conditional expectation E[X|풢] of an uncertain variable X with respect to a σ-algebra 풢 as a 풢-measurable function provided by a version of the Radon-Nikodym Theorem for uncertainty spaces. In this current work, a definition is provided by minimizing the expected mean squared error (X − Y)2 among 풢-measurable functions Y. The development, adopted from an existing work on non-additive probability spaces and repurposed for the current setting, similarly assumes a finite sample space and hence finitely many atoms for 풢. It also justifies the existence of conditional expectations and discusses some of their properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. On the structure of solutions of Volterra interval‐valued integro‐differential equations.
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Younus, Awais, Shaheen, Tahira, and Tunç, Cemil
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VOLTERRA equations , *EQUATIONS , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the structure of the solutions for linear interval‐valued Volterra integro‐differential equations (VIDEs) based on gH‐difference. The considered VIDEs consist of six forms. Among those six forms, three forms are obtained by using the definition of generalized Hukuhara difference (or gH‐difference). We obtain solutions of that linear interval‐valued VIDEs and discuss their properties. Some examples illustrate the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Visualizing the Dickson–Siegel–Eichler–Roy elementary orthogonal group.
- Author
-
Ambily, A. A. and Rao, R. A.
- Subjects
- *
ORTHOGONALIZATION , *GENERATORS of groups , *FREE groups , *DEFINITIONS , *HYPERBOLIC groups - Abstract
In this paper, we define a set of elementary orthogonal matrices similar to Vaserstein's definition of elementary symplectic matrices. We prove that the elementary orthogonal group generated by these matrices is a conjugate of the Dickson–Siegel–Eichler–Roy (DSER) elementary orthogonal group defined on a free quadratic module with a hyperbolic summand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A clarity and fairness aware framework for selecting workers in competitive crowdsourcing tasks.
- Author
-
Bozorg Zadeh Razavi, Seyyed Javad, Amintoosi, Haleh, and Allahbakhsh, Mohammad
- Subjects
- *
CROWDSOURCING , *FAIRNESS , *DEFINITIONS , *MACHINERY , *HUMAN beings - Abstract
Crowdsourcing is a powerful technique for accomplishing tasks that are difficult for machines but easy for humans. However, ensuring the quality of the workers who participate in the task is a major challenge. Most of the existing studies have focused on selecting suitable workers based on their attributes and the task requirements, while neglecting the requesters' characteristics as a key factor in the crowdsourcing process. In this paper, we address this gap by considering the requesters' preferences and behavior in crowdsourcing systems with competition, where the requester chooses only one worker's contribution as the final answer. A model is proposed in which the requesters' characteristics are taken into consideration when finding suitable workers. Also, we propose new definitions for clarity and the fairness of requesters and propose models and formulations to employ them, alongside task and workers' attributes, to find more suitable workers. We have evaluated the efficacy of our proposed model by analyzing a real-world dataset and compared it with two current state-of-the-art approaches. Our results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method in assigning the most suitable workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Complexity of a projected Newton-CG method for optimization with bounds.
- Author
-
Xie, Yue and Wright, Stephen J.
- Subjects
- *
NEWTON-Raphson method , *CONJUGATE gradient methods , *LOW-rank matrices , *DEFINITIONS , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
This paper describes a method for solving smooth nonconvex minimization problems subject to bound constraints with good worst-case complexity guarantees and practical performance. The method contains elements of two existing methods: the classical gradient projection approach for bound-constrained optimization and a recently proposed Newton-conjugate gradient algorithm for unconstrained nonconvex optimization. Using a new definition of approximate second-order optimality parametrized by some tolerance ϵ (which is compared with related definitions from previous works), we derive complexity bounds in terms of ϵ for both the number of iterations required and the total amount of computation. The latter is measured by the number of gradient evaluations or Hessian-vector products. We also describe illustrative computational results on several test problems from low-rank matrix optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Single-Valued Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic Soft Set.
- Author
-
Shil, Bimal, Das, Suman, Das, Rakhal, and Pramanik, Surapati
- Subjects
- *
SOFT sets , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Soft set (SS) and neutrosophic set (NS) are important mathematical concepts to deal with uncertainty. NS was further extended to pentapartitioned neutrosophic set (PNS) to deal with uncertainty comprehensively. In order to expand the concept of single-valued pentapartitioned neutrosophic set (SVPNS) and SS, the paper aims to introduce the concept of single-valued pentapartitioned neutrosophic soft set (SVPNS-Set) by adding the ideas of SS and SVPNS together. Furthermore, based on SVPNS-Set, several definitions, examples, properties, propositions and theorems have been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
30. Tarsis: An effective automata‐based abstract domain for string analysis.
- Author
-
Negrini, Luca, Arceri, Vincenzo, Cortesi, Agostino, and Ferrara, Pietro
- Subjects
- *
FINITE state machines , *SEMANTICS , *COST , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce Tarsis, a new abstract domain based on the abstract interpretation theory that approximates string values through finite state automata. The main novelty of Tarsis is that it works over an alphabet of strings instead of single characters. On the one hand, such an approach requires a more complex and refined definition of the lattice operators and of the abstract semantics of string operators. On the other hand, it is in position to obtain strictly more precise results than state‐of‐the‐art approaches. We compare Tarsis both with simpler domains and with the standard automata model, targeting case studies containing standard yet challenging string manipulations. The performance gain w.r.t. the standard automata model is also assessed, measuring the speed‐up gained by Tarsis. Experiments confirm that Tarsis can obtain precise results without incurring in excessive computational costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A new approach to topological T-duality for principal torus bundles.
- Author
-
Dove, Tom and Schick, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
STRING theory , *TORUS , *K-theory , *DEFINITIONS , *VIRTUE - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new ‘Thom class’ formulation of topological T-duality for principal torus bundles. This definition is equivalent to the established one of Bunke, Rumpf, and Schick but has the virtue of removing the global assumptions on the H-flux required in the old definition. With the new definition, we provide easier and more transparent proofs of the classification of T-duals and generalize the local formulation of T-duality for circle bundles by Bunke, Schick, and Spitzweck to the torus case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Differences between Riemann–Liouville and Caputo calculus definitions in analyzing fractional boost converter with discontinuous‐conduction‐mode operation.
- Author
-
Chen, Yanfeng, Wang, Xin, Zhang, Bo, Xie, Fan, and Chen, Sheng
- Subjects
- *
FRACTIONAL calculus , *CALCULUS , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Summary: Fractional‐order calculus is an extension of the integer‐order calculus in that its order is not limited to integers but can be noninteger as well, thus making the application of fractional‐order calculus more flexible. It has been shown that actual reactive elements such as capacitors and inductors have fractional‐order properties and that the theory of fractional‐order calculus can be utilized to more accurately characterize circuits and systems containing reactive elements. However, there is no uniform definition of fractional order calculus. Different definitions will yield different results in solving the same fractional‐order circuits and systems, and it is worth exploring whether these differences have an impact on the accuracy of solving fractional‐order systems. Taking a fractional‐order boost converter running in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) as an example, this paper focuses on the differences between the Riemann–Liouville (R–L) and the Caputo fractional calculus definitions. Effects of the two definitions on the division of the converter's CCM (continuous conduction mode) and DCM operating regions are analyzed, as well as their impact on the characterization of a fractional‐order boost converter in DCM operation, including the DC (direct current) operating point, current ripple, and voltage gain. Simulations and experiments show that the analytical results based on the R–L definition can more accurately describe the operation of a real fractional‐order converter than those based on the Caputo definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. ‘Austin vs. Searle on locutionary and illocutionary acts'.
- Author
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Reiland, Indrek
- Subjects
- *
DEFINITIONS , *SENSES - Abstract
The central pillar of Austin’s theory of speech acts is the three-way distinction between locutionary acts like saying, illocutionary acts like asserting, and perlocutionary acts like persuading [Austin, J. L. 1962.
How To Do Things With Words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press] (VIII–IX). While the latter distinction has been widely accepted, the former distinction has been frequently rejected due to Searle’s objections, who argued that since Austin’s locutionary acts are supposed to be forceful in the sense contrasting with neutral expression of a content and all force is by Austin’s own definition illocutionary, the notion of a locutionary act collapses into that of an illocutionary act [Searle, J. 1968. “Austin on Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts.”The Philosophical Review 77 (4):405–424. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183008]. In this paper, I provide an interpretation of Austin’s distinction between locutionary and illocutionary acts and defend it against Searle’s objections. I argue that Searle’s main objection relies on mistakenly running together two notions of ‘force’: the notion of representational force as presentation-as-true and the Austinian notion of illocutionary force as the social-communicative significance of the speech act. Once we distinguish these we can see that although Searle is correct that Austin’s locutionary acts are forceful in the former sense, he’s mistaken in thinking that such force is illocutionary. Given this, his objection that locutionary acts collapse into illocutionary acts misses its mark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Tangle contact homology.
- Author
-
Asplund, Johan
- Subjects
- *
GLUE , *AMBIENT intelligence , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Knot contact homology is an ambient isotopy invariant of knots and links in ℝ3. The purpose of this paper is to extend this definition to an ambient isotopy invariant of tangles and prove that gluing of tangles gives a gluing formula for knot contact homology. As a consequence of the gluing formula we obtain that the tangle contact homology detects triviality of tangles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The phenomenon of revivals on complex potential Schrödinger’s equation.
- Author
-
Boulton, Lyonell, Farmakis, George, and Pelloni, Beatrice
- Subjects
- *
NINETEENTH century , *OPTICS , *EQUATIONS , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
The mysterious phenomenon of revivals in linear dispersive periodic equations was discovered first experimentally in optics in the 19th century, then rediscovered several times by theoretical and experimental investigations. While the term has been used systematically and consistently by many authors, there is no consensus on a rigorous definition. In this paper, we describe revivals modulo a regularity condition in a large class of Schrödinger’s equations with complex bounded potentials. As we show, at rational times, the solution is given explicitly by finite linear combinations of translations and dilations of the initial datum, plus an additional continuous term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Right Quantum Calculus on Finite Intervals with Respect to Another Function and Quantum Hermite–Hadamard Inequalities.
- Author
-
Cuntavepanit, Asawathep, Ntouyas, Sotiris K., and Tariboon, Jessada
- Subjects
- *
INTEGRAL functions , *CALCULUS , *INTEGRALS , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In this paper, we study right quantum calculus on finite intervals with respect to another function. We present new definitions on the right quantum derivative and right quantum integral of a function with respect to another function and study their basic properties. The new definitions generalize the previous existing results in the literature. We provide applications of the newly defined quantum calculus by obtaining new Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for convex, h-convex, and modified h-convex functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A Factory of Fractional Derivatives.
- Author
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Ortigueira, Manuel D.
- Subjects
- *
DEFINITIONS , *FACTORIES - Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate that, beyond the small world of Riemann–Liouville and Caputo derivatives, there is a vast and rich world with many derivatives suitable for specific problems and various theoretical frameworks to develop, corresponding to different paths taken. The notions of time and scale sequences are introduced, and general associated basic derivatives, namely, right/stretching and left/shrinking, are defined. A general framework for fractional derivative definitions is reviewed and applied to obtain both known and new fractional-order derivatives. Several fractional derivatives are considered, mainly Liouville, Hadamard, Euler, bilinear, tempered, q-derivative, and Hahn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The discrete, fractional order model of a two-dimensional temperature field using Grünwald-Letnikov definition.
- Author
-
OPRZĘDKIEWICZ, Krzysztof
- Subjects
- *
TWO-dimensional models , *THERMAL imaging cameras , *STOCHASTIC convergence , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In the paper a new, fractional order, discrete model of a two-dimensional temperature field is addressed. The proposed model uses Grünwald-Letnikov definition of the fractional operator. Such a model has not been proposed yet. Elementary properties of the model: practical stability, accuracy and convergence are analysed. Analytical conditions of stability and convergence are proposed and they allow us to estimate the orders of the model. Theoretical considerations are validated using experimental data obtained with the use of a thermal imaging camera. Results of analysis supported by experiments point that the proposed model assures good accuracy and convergence for low order and relatively short memory length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. On functions of bounded β-dimensional mean oscillation.
- Author
-
Chen, You-Wei and Spector, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
OSCILLATIONS , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In this paper, we define a notion of β-dimensional mean oscillation of functions u : Q 0 ⊂ ℝ d → ℝ which are integrable on β-dimensional subsets of the cube Q 0 : ∥ u ∥ BMO β (Q 0) := sup Q ⊂ Q 0 inf c ∈ ℝ 1 l (Q) β ∫ Q | u - c | 푑 ℋ ∞ β , where the supremum is taken over all finite subcubes Q parallel to Q 0 , l (Q) is the length of the side of the cube Q, and ℋ ∞ β is the Hausdorff content. In the case β = d we show this definition is equivalent to the classical notion of John and Nirenberg, while our main result is that for every β ∈ (0 , d ] one has a dimensionally appropriate analogue of the John–Nirenberg inequality for functions with bounded β-dimensional mean oscillation: There exist constants c , C > 0 such that ℋ ∞ β ({ x ∈ Q : | u (x) - c Q | > t }) ≤ C l (Q) β exp (- c t ∥ u ∥ BMO β (Q 0) ) for every t > 0 , u ∈ BMO β (Q 0) , Q ⊂ Q 0 , and suitable c Q ∈ ℝ . Our proof relies on the establishment of capacitary analogues of standard results in integration theory that may be of independent interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Translation of Neutrosophic INK-Algebra.
- Author
-
AL-Omeri, Wadei Faris, Kaviyarasu, M., and Rajeshwari, M.
- Subjects
- *
FUZZY sets , *DEFINITIONS , *MULTIPLICATION - Abstract
This study investigates the philosophical foundations of the neutrosophic set(ℕS), as first proposed by Smarandache. It clarifies the connection between single-valued ℕs and their function as a specialized subset in the larger context of Nss, particularly in the fields of science and engineering. This paper investigates neutrosophic INK-ideals(NINK-Is) within INK-algebras(INK-A) by using the notion of translation, which is positioned as an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The notion of translation neutrosophic INK-algebras(NTINK-A) is introduced and their fundamental characteristics are explored. In addition, properties associated with the translation of INK-subalgebra(INK-Ss) and INK-ideals(INK-I) are investigated, along with the dynamics of their multiplications, unions, and intersections in the context of neutrosophic INK-ideals(NINK-I). Further definitions and theorems are added in the article, providing comprehensive insights complexities of NINK-A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
41. Special issue: selected papers from LREC 2016.
- Author
-
Ide, Nancy and Calzolari, Nicoletta
- Subjects
- *
LINGUISTIC analysis , *CORPORA , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
An introduction is presented in which the editors discuss the journal's theme of linguistic analysis, commenting on articles in the issue on topics including corpora, definitions, and dialogues.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Causal inference with misspecified exposure mappings: separating definitions and assumptions.
- Author
-
Sävje, F
- Subjects
- *
CAUSAL inference , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Exposure mappings facilitate investigations of complex causal effects when units interact in experiments. Current methods require experimenters to use the same exposure mappings to define the effect of interest and to impose assumptions on the interference structure. However, the two roles rarely coincide in practice, and experimenters are forced to make the often questionable assumption that their exposures are correctly specified. This paper argues that the two roles exposure mappings currently serve can, and typically should, be separated, so that exposures are used to define effects without necessarily assuming that they are capturing the complete causal structure in the experiment. The paper shows that this approach is practically viable by providing conditions under which exposure effects can be precisely estimated when the exposures are misspecified. Some important questions remain open. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Conflict personalization: a systematic literature review and the development of an integrative definition.
- Author
-
Hoogenboom, Lilian M., Dijkstra, Maria T.M., and Beersma, Bianca
- Subjects
- *
DEFINITIONS , *THEMATIC analysis , *SOCIAL interaction - Abstract
Purpose: Scholars and practitioners alike wish to understand what makes workplace conflict beneficial or injurious to, for example, performance and satisfaction. The authors focus on parties' personal experience of the conflict, which is complementary to studying conflict issues (i.e. task- or relationship-related conflict). Although many authors discuss the personal experience of conflict, which the authors will refer to as conflict personalization, different definitions are used, leading to conceptual vagueness. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop an integrative definition of the concept of conflict personalization. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a systematic literature review to collect definitions and conceptualizations from 41 publications. The subsequent thematic analysis revealed four building blocks that were used to develop an integrative definition of conflict personalization. Findings: The authors developed the following definition: Conflict personalization is the negative affective as well as cognitive reaction to the self being threatened and/or in danger as a result of a social interaction about perceived incompatibilities. Practical implications: The integrative definition of this study enables the development of a measurement instrument to assess personalization during workplace conflict, paving the way for developing effective research-based interventions. Originality/value: Conceptual vagueness hampers theoretical development, empirical research and the development of effective interventions. Although the importance of conflict personalization is mentioned within the field of workplace conflict, it has not been empirically studied yet. This paper can serve as the basis for future research in which conflict issue and personal experience are separated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Definition of Economics in Retrospective: Two Epistemological Tensions That Explain the Change of the Study Object in Economics.
- Author
-
Durán-Sandoval, Daniel and Uleri, Francesca
- Subjects
- *
VALUE (Economics) , *RESEARCH questions , *GENDER mainstreaming , *DEFINITIONS , *ECONOMIC research , *ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Throughout history, schools of economic thought have defined political economy—or economics—and its object of study in multiple ways. This paper reflects on the definitions of economics by schools of economic thought and also proposes the concepts of value and scarcity as key concepts to explain the differences between them. The most important findings of the paper are: (a) the ontological and epistemological characteristics of the concept of value and scarcity have shaped the definitions of economics; (b) the boundaries of the study object of economics have been expanded since today's mainstream economics deals with multiple topics as diverse as crime, education, development, health, etc. However, the methodological tools used in mainstream economics have been narrowed since approaches such as the philosophical, ethical, historical, and institutional approaches have been left behind; (c) the part of reality that mainstream economics can grasp have left behind important issues of the contemporary world, such as gender, social, and environmental issues. A clear understanding of the scope and boundaries of economics could help to define more realistic research questions for economic science, and it would help to define new economic paradigms that address the contemporary issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Intuitionistic Fuzzy Modal Multi-Topological Structures and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-Modal Multi-Topological Structures.
- Author
-
Atanassov, Krassimir
- Subjects
- *
FUZZY sets , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
On the basis of K. Kuratowski's definitions of a topological structure with a closure or interior operator, the concept of a modal topological structure (MTS) with one of these operators was introduced by the author. This new structure was illustrated with examples with intuitionistic fuzzy topological operators from both examples, and for this reason, these structures were named intuitionistic fuzzy MTSs (IFMTSs). In a series of papers, the author introduced some modifications and extensions to the IFMTSs, e.g., intuitionistic fuzzy temporal topological structures, intuitionistic fuzzy level topological structures and others, and intuitionistic fuzzy multi modal topological structures and others. In the present paper, four new examples of intuitionistic fuzzy multi modal topological structures are given. On their base, the concepts of a modal multi-topological structure and of a multi-modal multi-topological structure are introduced and illustrated with examples from the area of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets—intuitionistic fuzzy modal multi-topological structure with a closure or an interior operator; and intuitionistic fuzzy multi-modal multi-topological structure with one of these operators. Two intuitionistic fuzzy topological operators are defined. Their basic properties are studied and they are used in the new structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A Critique on the Current State of Research on the Social and Emotional Experiences of Gifted Individuals and a Framework for Moving the Field Forward.
- Author
-
Rinn, Anne N.
- Subjects
- *
EMOTIONAL experience , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Despite multiple edited volumes dedicated to the various theories and conceptions of giftedness and talent that have been published over the past 40 years, the field of gifted education is still definitionally and paradigmatically fractured. These differences have led to a misunderstanding about the social and emotional experiences of gifted individuals that has further divided the field of gifted education. One purpose of this paper is to explain how varying definitions and paradigms of giftedness lead us to different answers and assumptions about the social and emotional experiences of gifted individuals, and the implications of those. The other purpose of this paper is to outline a framework for moving forward in thinking about and conducting research on the social and emotional experiences of gifted individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Complex network to enhance characterization analysis in modelling product development process.
- Author
-
Bencherif, Fateh and Mouss, Leila Hayet
- Subjects
- *
NEW product development , *ELECTRIC generators , *PAPER products , *DEFINITIONS , *PRODUCT quality - Abstract
Nowadays, successful and innovative product development is highly correlated with the company's success and reason for existence. A development process is a major factor influencing cost, timing and quality of product development. It requires additional attention to decisions made about programme, budget, technical and market risks. In this paper a product development process model is proposed in an innovation context and strategy framework of design process and project management. The process modelling is complex network theory based, to improve characterization analysis for product development process modelling. Required concepts for complex process are established to build product development mathematical model, and provide an overview of key definitions and complex networks advanced tools. Finally, a case study for an Algerian electric generator company is carried out to prove the practicality of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Tangent space in reliability manifolds.
- Author
-
Abbas, Nada Mohammed and Sabrie, Audie
- Subjects
- *
DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In this paper, a tangent space at a point is defined with definitions related to it, and some theorems are appended for discussing tangent spaces in reliability manifolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Sub-exact sequence of quotient modules.
- Author
-
Agusfrianto, Fakhry Asad, Fitriani, Mahatma, Yudi, and Isnaini, Uha
- Subjects
- *
DIVISION rings , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Given right module M over ring R and S is a set of the right denominator of M, then Ms is a right quotient module of M over S. Next, given a sequence A →B→C, then we say that the sequence is X−sub-exact if A →X→C exact where X sub-modules of B. If KS−1 is a submodule of MS−1, then we can construct a sub-exact sequence using K.S−1, M.S−1 and M. S − 1 K. S − 1 . We can construct a sub-exact sequence for a particular case when R is a division ring. The aim of this paper is to define a sub-exact sequence specifically for quotient modules based on the definition of the sub-exact sequence, define σ (K, L, M) when K, L, M are quotient module, and define maximal element when K, L, M are quotient module. We also construct several examples for sub-exact sequence, σ (K, L, M) and maximal element when the module is replaced by quotient module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Equivalence testing for multiple groups.
- Author
-
Pourmohamad, Tony and Lee, Herbert K. H.
- Subjects
- *
MATHEMATICAL equivalence , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Summary: Testing for equivalence, rather than testing for a difference, is an important component of some scientific studies. While the focus of the existing literature is on comparing two groups for equivalence, real‐world applications arise regularly that require testing across more than two groups. This paper reviews the existing approaches for testing across multiple groups and proposes a novel framework for multigroup equivalence testing under a Bayesian paradigm. This approach allows for a more scientifically meaningful definition of the equivalence margin and a more powerful test than the few existing alternatives. This approach also allows a new definition of equivalence based on future differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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