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In 2006, Marks and Fraley published research suggesting that people remembered more information that was consistent rather than inconsistent with a sexual double standard. Despite the impact of that paper on the field, there were several caveats of that research, including a small sample. The present research, therefore, aims to replicate and extend Marks and Fraley's research. Presently, 400 participants read a vignette about a sexually active man or woman for two minutes. This vignette contained an equal amount of positive and negative information. Participants then had 5 minutes to recall the information from the vignette. In the extension portion of the research, some participants experienced an experimentally varied delay, which was used to create forgetting curves in an effort to parse apart whether any differences in recall were due to differences in the encoding process, retrieval process, or both. Recall results replicated the pattern of results from Marks and Fraley (2006), in that participants remembered more negative information about the woman than the man, and more negative than positive information about the woman. Analyses of forgetting curves were inconclusive, as the predictors explained less than 0.5% of the variance in recalled information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how social workers integrate personal spirituality within nursing homes, where a highly regulated, stressful environment marginalizes professional identity and challenges retention. Researchers offer new evidence of how spirituality informs professional identity, ethical practice, and continuation in the role. Twenty BSW/MSW licensed nursing home social workers (NHSWs) reported how they daily navigate the personal spirituality-at-work opportunity and challenge. Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews resulted in three primary codes and related subcodes: Spirituality-Integrated Professional Identity (Vocational Affirmation and Value Alignment), Spirituality-Informed Practice (Intervention Asset, Relational Affinity, and Ambiguous Boundaries), and Spiritually-Sustained Career Resilience. Respondents reported how spirituality animated professional identity, informed daily role enactment, and sustained role involvement. Recommendations are provided for normalizing ethical spirituality-at-work through social work education and practical guidance in navigating the spirituality and practice space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature on occupational risks among organic farmers is scarce. This study explored safety practices and non-fatal injuries among organic producers, and the role of sociodemographic, work, and farm characteristics on safety and injury. Cross sectional survey of certified organic crop producers in the Southwest (SW) region of the United States (US). The Organic Integrity Database was used for recruitment. Data were collected through an electronic and paper survey. Analyses were conducted on 115 cases; response rate was estimated at 25%. A high majority of respondents owned their operation and were younger than 65 years, male, educated beyond high-school, and non-Hispanic whites. Less than half had more than 10 years of experience in organic farming; one-third worked off the farm year-round. Safety practices were very basic despite the widespread use of equipment and machinery, and limited to wearing normal clothing and apparel such hats and glasses. About half of respondents (52.6%) reported non-fatal injuries in the past year; and one-third (32.7%) time lost due to injuries. The overall cumulative incidence rate was estimated at 5.3 injuries per 10 workers within the last year. The injury rate decreased with hours worked. Significant differences were found on gender and education level and safety practices, with female respondents and the more educated being more proactive in practicing safety. Those working less than 40 h/week, in farms smaller than 50 acres, using light machinery or compact utility tractors, and tractors without roll-over protection reported significantly higher injury frequency compared to their counterparts. This study contributes unique data on an essential workforce not captured by current occupational injury and illness surveillance systems. It identifies important personal and contextual factors that may contribute to safety and injury in this population. The findings indicate the need to promote safety and prevent injuries that result in work time lost. This study may also inform future occupational safety and health research and practice, including surveillance, injury prevention programs that target certain workers and production practices, and policies that support and protect the organic farmer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Research shows that women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) are at risk for a range of adverse mental health outcomes, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidality. However, few studies use measures that reflect the broad range of IPV exposures that women experience. This paper examines the associations between multiple IPV types and adverse mental health among a sample of survivors engaged in care. Methods: This article draws on data from a web-based survey administered to 377 women seeking IPV services in a Southwestern U.S. state. Multivariate regression analyses with multiple imputation were conducted to investigate the net association between multiple types of IPV and three mental health outcomes: depression, PTSD, and a prior suicidal attempt or threat, controlling for socio-demographics and self-rated health. Results: Multivariate analyses indicated significant associations between reproductive coercion (β = 6.89, p <.001), technology-facilitated violent threats (β = 5.27, p <.05), and psychological vulnerability/abuse (β = 4.45, p <.05) and symptoms of depression. Findings also indicated significant net associations between reproductive coercion (β = 7.05, p <.001), technology-facilitated humiliation (β = 4.87, p <.05), and psychological vulnerability/abuse (β = 7.76, p <.001) and increased PTSD symptomology. Finally, psychological vulnerability/abuse (aOR = 3.36, p <.01) increased the likelihood of reporting a prior suicidal attempt or threat. Conclusion: Women reporting reproductive coercion, technology-facilitated abuse, and psychological vulnerability/abuse had a higher risk of adverse mental health. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms that underlie these varied associations and to develop a cohesive practice model attuned to integrated needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study on the impact of health literacy on listing for kidney transplantation, which references a research paper by G. Chen et al., published in a 2022 issue of "Progress in Transplantation." Topics discussed include the complexity of the transplant evaluation process, the methods used in the study, and the association of education, insurance, dialysis vintage and the time of completion of the transplant evaluation with listing status.

This paper explores teachers' reflections on: (1) self-assessment of their own videotaped lesson using a standards-based appraisal system; (2) comparison to an external reviewer's evaluation of the same lesson; and (3) effect of the appraisal system on their pedagogical views, professional development, and actual practice improvement. Findings indicate that teachers view the appraisal system as evaluative with little impact on their teaching practice and professional growth. Participating teachers indicated that the self-evaluative reflection process utilized in the study had a greater influence on their professional development than the appraisal system as it is currently structured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive functioning deficits found in college students with ASD may have debilitating effects on their everyday activities. Although laboratory studies tend to report unimpaired inhibition in autism, studies of resistance to distractor inhibition reveal difficulties. In two studies, we compared a Virtual Classroom task with paper-and-pencil and computerized Stroop modalities in typically developing individuals and individuals with ASD. While significant differences were not observed between ASD and neurotypical groups on the paper-and-pencil and computerized task, individuals with ASD performed significantly worse on the virtual task with distractors. Findings suggest the potential of the Virtual Classroom Bimodal Stroop task to distinguish between prepotent response inhibition (non-distraction condition) and resistance to distractor inhibition (distraction condition) in adults with high functioning autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The “Chaco Phenomenon” has been a major research focus within Ancestral Puebloan archaeology, yet while most scholars agree that some kind of shared ideology and ritual permitted the creation of this distinctive network of pueblo villages throughout a vast region of the American Southwest, few have attempted to explain the specifics of Chacoan ritual practice. This paper uses a phenomenological approach to examine exotic imports in Chaco Canyon including turquoise, shell, cacao, copper bells, and macaws and argues for the importance of these objects’ unique sensory characteristics in crafting Chaco's compelling ritual environment. By skillfully employing striking new colors, sounds, and tastes in both “concealed” and “conspicuous” practices of ritual deposition and public performances, Chacoan religious personnel would have not only have demonstrated their spiritual prestige by having acquired such items, but also allowed ritual participants to hear, see, and taste a paradisiacal realm akin to the shared Mesoamerican-Southwestern Flower World. Ultimately, this paper argues that sensory-based archaeological approaches can greatly enrich investigations of ritual practice, cosmology, and human experience at Chaco Canyon. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Zooarchaeology has occupied a peculiar place within the archaeology of the American Southwest. While archaeologists with an interest in animal bone have worked here from the nineteenth century onward, and the presence of taxa such as macaws, domestic dogs, and domestic turkeys as well as taxa more commonly used in subsistence in southwestern zooarchaeological assemblages is of interest to archaeologists outside the Southwest as well as within it, the southwestern record has not figured prominently within the history of North American zooarchaeology. In the hopes of increasing the reach of southwestern zooarchaeology, this special issue presents three papers, each reflecting a potential new direction in southwestern zooarchaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating and exercise habits of families with young children, their knowledge of health and obesity risks, and their attitudes toward prevention and intervention efforts. Parents and caregivers (N=205) of children aged 3 to 10 years completed a survey online or on paper. Participants were recruited from preschools and Head Start centers in the Southwestern United States. Results indicated that many parents and children were overweight, but most parents incorrectly labeled their overweight and obese children as being of healthy weight. Parents showed uncertainty and lack of knowledge regarding healthy eating, portion sizes, physical activity recommendations, obesity trends, and health risks. They rated themselves as most responsible for addressing childhood obesity, but support for various intervention efforts varied. Based on parent responses, the main barriers toward healthy weight status were food cost, lack of knowledge, and lack of time. Researchers and medical professionals should be mindful of these barriers when designing obesity prevention efforts and advising families on healthy lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since water-transport vessels are often a highly conservative vessel form, the appearance of a new water vessel shape—the flat-backed canteen—in the American Southwest around the time of Spanish arrival raises questions concerning its introduction. This paper documents the presence of the flat-backed canteen in the American Southwest from the sixteenth through twentieth centuries and explores changes in their distribution and use through time. A total of 128 flat-backed canteens were analyzed from archaeological and ethnographic collections, while 97 additional New World canteens were documented through an extensive literature review. Its contemporary use in Spain is demonstrated, in addition to its arrival in the Spanish-controlled Caribbean. I conclude that multiple Pueblos adopted the form in the sixteenth century, followed by a contraction in use in the eighteenth century, and a revival of the form in the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper analyzes the Hopi yellow ware design system in terms of the plane pattern symmetries that structure the designs. This analysis reveals that the advent of the yellow wares correlates with the aggregation of farming villages into large pueblos in response to the thirteenth-century drought. Coincident with this settlement change is a shift from geometric designs organized by bifold rotation that metaphorically represent the reciprocities central to the corn lifeway to quasi-representational images organized by a number of different symmetries, some new to the region. Oral tradition indicates that Hopi villages are composed of many different groups of people, each with their own rituals and living practices. This paper suggests that the new symmetries and images not only mark the arrival of these in-migrating groups to Hopi villages but also the development of new social institutions to organize these larger communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Schools should provide children 30 minutes/day of moderate-to-vigorous-physical-activity (MVPA). Determining school day segments that contribute to children's MVPA can inform school-based activity promotion. The purpose of this paper was to identify the proportion of children accumulating 30 minutes/day of school-based MVPA, and to identify school day segments' contribution to children's MVPA. METHODS First-third graders (N = 323 [173 girls and 150 boys]) accelerometer-derived sedentary behaviors, light activity, and MVPA were measured for 1 to 5 school days. Children's activity was estimated during class time, lunch, physical education (PE), and recess. To explore disparities in MVPA, children were stratified into high/low-active groups. RESULTS Girls and boys accumulated 30.4 and 34.4 minutes/day of MVPA on PE days and 23.5 and 27.3 minutes/day of MVPA on non-PE days. This translated to 36.5 and 44.1% of girls and boys accumulating 30 minutes of MVPA on PE days and 16.3 and 36.5% on non-PE days. On PE days, PE contributed the most MVPA for girls and boys (11.8 and 13.0 minutes/day), followed by class time (11.4 and 12.5 minutes/day), recess (5.2 and 6.5 minutes/day), and lunch (2.0 and 2.4 minutes/day). Disparities between high/low children were greatest during PE and class time. CONCLUSIONS Most children were not accumulating 30 minutes/day of MVPA. PE and class time are promising school day segments for promoting MVPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on what has been termed the privatization of urban public space and the negative consequences attributed to this transformation. The first part examines this dichotomy between public and private space and finds it to be more apparent than real, insofar as it is difficult to claim a sharp conceptual distinction between the two; moreover, the social benefits of public space are shown to be overdrawn, while those of private space are shown to be commonly overlooked. Having begun to dismantle the dichotomy, the second part of the paper discusses the public–private spaces in a rapidly growing metropolitan area in the Southwestern US and explores their implications for social relations. Given that these newer spaces are less different than is sometimes claimed, it is not surprising that they display some familiar forms of social interaction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents an abstract of the study `Maternal Lineages in the US Southwest Through Time' by S.W. Carlyle, D.H. O'Rourke and M.G. Hayes.

The article presents information on the schedule of the eighteenth annual meeting of the Southwestern Social Science Association. The first paper, titled Labor Relations in the Southwest, was presented by Edwin A. Elliott, regional director of National Labor Relations Board, on March 26. The second paper, Struggle Between Fascism and Communism in Europe, was presented by E.E. Hale of University of Texas. The other papers for the day were National Banks and Bank Failures and Private Affiliates, by George L. Anderson; Europe's Efforts at Peacemaking, by W.C. Askew of University of Arkansas; French Opinions of the Confideracy, by L.M. Case; A Study of the People of West Texas, by Gus Ford of Houston; The Geography of Ancient Carthage, by Edward E. K&eacaute;so; The Distribution of Mexican Population in the U.S., by Bea Mantooth; Retail Trade as a Primary Urban Function in Oklahoma, by Allen Belden; Survey of Youth in Arkansas, by J.C. London; Survey of Welfare Activities in Oklahoma City, by Fred A. Replogie.

Aurelio Espinosa (1880-1958) studied folklore in the American Southwest and Spain. Espinosa was one of the first academic folklorists to work with American materials and the first scholar to write about Mexican American culture. This paper is an attempt to re-insert this forgotten figure into the history of folklore studies. At the same time, drawing on new archival sources, this study will show that Espinosa's active support of Franco in Spain contributed to his theory of cultural transmission in the American Southwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although some research has examined men and women’s general attitudes toward women growing body hair, little research has engaged in a side-by-side examination of women’s imagined experiences of growing body hair with an experiential component of growing their own body hair. In the first of two studies, I asked a diverse community sample of women aged 18 to 59 to assess their impressions of women who grew body hair and to imagine their own, and others’, reactions to their hypothetical body hair growth. For the second study, I utilized response papers from 62 women from diverse backgrounds in an undergraduate women’s studies course, who grew their body hair for an assignment. Results showed overwhelming negativity toward women growing body hair in both studies, but they differed in perceptions of social control and individual agency. Women in Study 1, who merely imagined body hair growth, described it more nonchalantly and individualistically, citing personal choice and rarely acknowledging social pressures placed upon women even disgusted by other women’s body hair. Women in Study 2 regularly discussed unanticipated social pressures and norms, rarely discussed personal choice, and reported a constellation of difficulties, including homophobia, family and partner anger, and internalized disgust and “dirtiness.” These results on a seemingly “trivial” subject nuance the “rhetoric of choice” debate within feminist theories of the body while also illustrating a vivid experiential assignment that delves into women’s personal values, relationships, and social norms. Implications for assessing and changing attitudes about women’s bodies—particularly “abject” or “othered” bodies—are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although ceramic types are applied most commonly to sherds (simply because of their abundance), most typologies have been derived at least in part from patterns of attribute covariation on whole vessels. As a result, one typological concern is the 'non-diagnostic sherd problem,' where only a fraction of the sherds deriving from a whole vessel share all of the attributes of that vessel. This paper assesses the severity of the non-diagnostic sherd problem for Jeddito Yellow Ware polychrome sherds, demonstrating that it may cause up to half of the sherds from some polychrome vessels to be incorrectly typed. Implications for chronology and social dynamics are discussed, and a preliminary correction for the non-diagnostic sherd problem is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a college community's views of the diagnostic characteristics and causes associated with autism spectrum disorders. An anonymous on-line survey of autism knowledge was distributed via campus server university-wide to all undergraduates, graduate students, faculty, and staff. Of the 1,057 surveys completed, 76 % of respondents had more correct answers than neutral and incorrect ones. Respondents who reported that they or someone in their immediate family had autism had significantly more correct responses than other respondents. Demographic variables of respondent sex, age, education, and role at the university independently accounted for significant, though modest, variance in autism knowledge. More accurate and widespread dissemination of information about autism may facilitate a smoother transition for college students who are on the spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Bloody Receipts" details and explores the relation among scalp hunting, international security, and internal safety and investigates the rise of scalp hunting in northern Mexico and the American Southwest. This article also elucidates the reasons why Mexican governments, such as those in the states of Chihuahua and Sonora, monetarily endorsed American scalp hunting gangs. Additionally, the article reveals that what seemed to be a solution to Apache and Comanche raids in fact made the situation worse. My thesis is that, by hiring violent American mercenaries, the Mexican state governments opened up a Pandora's Box of destruction as these filibusters killed peaceful Native Americans and Mexican citizens for the bounty. Native Americans, as the historian Ralph Smith has claimed, feared most of all being scalped because "scalping is annihilation; the soul ceases to exist." The Mexican government believed sending out scalp hunters would be the firmest retribution against Native American incursion; yet the result was far from what they had in mind. This paper uses memoirs, travel narratives, newspaper articles, and governmental reports to show how and why this solution failed. Other than the works by the historian Ralph Smith, scalp hunting's cultural, security, racist, or economic reasons have been largely ignored by scholars. My research shows that the state governments of northern Mexico knew of this psychological warfare and, for safety purposes, hired scalp hunters to drive away the Native Americans and protect the local inhabitants but failed to foresee why the economic incentive could lead to disastrous results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the distribution of flaked-stone projectile points from southern Arizona that have previously been suggested to date to the Historic period. The locations of these artifacts within the Gila River Indian Community and other lines of evidence including ceramic data are consistent with ethnohistorically and ethnographically documented Akimel O'odham settlement patterns along the middle Gila River. The results of this analysis demonstrate that the three point types considered here were indeed produced during the Protohistoric and Historic periods, and it appears that it is possible to characterize diagnostic projectile point types from this time. These data also provide corroborating evidence for historically documented population movements during the Historic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional interpretations of architecture and artifacts have concluded that the Ancestral Puebloans of the Upper San Juan (or uplands of the Eastern Mesa Verde) region were slow to respond to cultural changes that were occurring in the Central Mesa Verde region to the west and Chaco/Cibola region to the South. Rather than being a "cultural backwater," this paper examines the idea that these groups practiced an orthodox form of the Puebloan lifeway, rejecting the changes that were occurring elsewhere in the northern Southwest. During the Pueblo II period (A.D. 900-1150), this orthodoxy is evident in the retention of material culture and architecture that is reminiscent of earlier time periods, such as plain gray ceramics and pit structures. The rejection of change in the Upper San Juan region is significant because it argues for a socially diverse landscape inhabited by both progressive groups accepting of change and groups that had a more conservative attitude toward change over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological studies have demonstrated the increasingly important role of turkeys in the lives of ancient Puebloan peoples of the American Southwest. The origin of domesticated turkeys, however, remains an unanswered question especially given the absence of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in early and middle Holocene contexts prior to the arrival of maize agriculture. This paper reports turkey remains from very early Holocene deposits in North Creek Shelter in southern Utah and reviews extant literature for early turkey remains in the Southwest. These data provide tentative support for an autochthonous population of turkeys in portions of the greater Southwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we highlight the value of taking standardized measurements from fragmented bones of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from ancient sites in the American Southwest. We present turkey measurement data from two sites in the Central Mesa Verde region of southwestern Colorado; Albert Porter and Sand Canyon Pueblos, dating to the Pueblo II and III (AD 920-1280) periods. Our analyses indicate that fragmented bone epiphyses can successfully distinguish male from female turkeys. Such data can be used to construct population profiles of turkeys and contribute to an understanding of husbandry and the domestication process. At Albert Porter Pueblo we also investigated whether or not turkeys from the Pueblo II period (A.D. 920-1140) differed in size from turkeys during Pueblo III period (A.D. 1140-1280). Although the average bone measurements are smaller for turkeys from Pueblo II compared to Pueblo III, our data are inconclusive and limited by small sample sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various topics related to the field of Southwestern U.S. history. It presents a call for papers for the 117th Annual Meeting of the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), to be held in Fort Worth, Texas, from February 28 to March 2, 2013. The author announces that the 2012 annual convention of the North American Society of Oceanic Historians (NASOH) will take place at the Tremont Hotel in Galveston, Texas from April 22 to April 26, 2012. The article also lists individuals who have become members of the TSHA, including Susan Edwards, Carol Sayle, and Levi Goode.

Over the past decade the empirical foundation which supports the use of evidence-based practices in adolescent substance abuse treatment has increased significantly. However, there remains a gap in the literature regarding the effectiveness of utilising assertive methods for re-engaging adolescents that leave treatment early or providing continuing care following treatment. This paper helps to fill this gap by (1) describing the Assertive Adolescent Family Treatment (AAFT) initiative funded to replicate the implementation of the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA) followed by Assertive Continuing Care (ACC); (2) discussing the primary components of A-CRA and ACC (e.g., number of sessions, therapeutic content) and the implementation strategies employed in an adolescent outpatient treatment setting in the Southwestern United States (e.g., personnel, training, fidelity monitoring); (3) describing a sample of 144 adolescent participants between the ages of 12 and 17 years old that received A-CRA and/or ACC; and (4) examining differential effects of A-CRA and ACC on key outcomes. The article concludes with a discussion of the practical implications and applications for social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the ethnology of northern and western Arizona, as recorded by Fray Francisco Garcés in 1775-1776. Several terms in Garcés' diary have proven problematic for Southwest ethnohistory-especially Yabipai, Tejua, and Napac/Napao. It is argued that some key problems derive from the standard translation by Elliott Coues (1900). With a close reading of several manuscript and published versions of Garcés' diary and with the aid of now-known Yuman ethnography and linguistics, the problem terms may be recovered as meaningful. The influential hypothesis of Coues and F W. Hodge that Napao=Navajo is shown to be false both textually and factually, requiring a reassessment of Navajo historical geography. it is suggested that Garcés' ethnography, overall perceptive and reliable, is potentially a richer source for Southwest ethnohistoiy than has hitherto been recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of earthen sites poses challenging questions regarding conservation methods and historic preservation. The National Park Service and other site managers have to strike a balance between conserving the sites while presenting them to the public: there is no ideal choice. It is impossible to prevent a ruin from continuing to deteriorate without changing its appearance or its status as a ruin. Therefore, the conservation of historic earthen ruins should perhaps be more appropriately thought of as a process which slows the pace of decay, rather than suspending or preventing it. This paper looks at over one hundred years (from 1889 to the present) of site conservation at a variety of earthen historic and archaeological sites in the American Southwest. In each case, the National Park Service manages and treats the earthen ruins. The main categories of conservation techniques, and the preservation questions that these techniques raise, are examined along with their advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objectives: To determine the feasibility of Web-based, multisite data collection using electronic instruments and the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of that data collection method to parents of children with cancer.Design: Prototype development and feasibility study.Setting Three Children's Oncology Group centers in the United States.Sample: 20 parents of children with cancer who made a treatment decision within the previous six months.Methods: Eight instruments were translated from print to electronic format and deployed using a secure Web-based server. Parents completed printed versions of two of the instruments to assess comparability of the two formats. A post-survey interview focused on parents' computer experiences and the acceptability and ease of use of the instruments.Main Research Variables: Time to orient parent to Web site, time to complete instruments, investigators' field notes, and postsurvey questionnaire.Findings: Eighty percent of parents preferred the Web-based data collection and found it at least as easy as completing paper-and-pencil instruments. All parents, regardless of their computer expertise, were comfortable with the electronic data collection system. Statistical analysis demonstrated no evidence of systematic or clinically significant bias.Conclusions: The Web-based data collection was feasible, reliable, and preferred by most study participants. The authors will use this strategy in future intervention trials of parents making treatment decisions.Implications for Nursing: Web-based data entry is feasible and acceptable to parents of children with cancer. Future multicenter collaborative studies should develop and test nursing interventions to support parents making treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine some of the relationships among mortuary features, individual identities, and group identities in the context of the Ridges Basin community, one of the earliest village communities in the American Southwest. Architectural and biodistance data suggest that more than one ethnic group composed the Ridges Basin Pueblo I community and that these groups occupied different house clusters throughout the basin. Mortuary data are examined for patterning in body arrangement, context of interment, and treatment to corroborate the presence of different groups within this community. Results indicate that groups and individuals performed mortuary rituals and incorporated particular rare and exotic items that aided in the construction of personal identities, particularly gendered identities, and that ultimately came to represent and reify group distinctions. It is suggested that, in early villages, elaborations of both gender and ethnicity in mortuary contexts provided accessible and highly visible and noticeable avenues of distinction in the absence of formally instituted leadership and group identity categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the continuation of the research (from the planer's view) on the American prehistoric settlements, but this time of the Southwest. The Southwest was a cradle for numerous cultures and communities which have left astonishing masterpieces of Places which they have erected between 7th and 13th century AD, in order to make their living easier in this arid and hot environment. Structural and location differences, along with author's personal observation and experience, have been inter-compared and presented. The main conclusion for this research can be summarized in a few words: despite the lack of the written and calculus skills, they had the knowledge of how to observe the Universe above and make conclusions on sequences of celestial events through the design of their settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section offers news briefs related to Southwestern history. The first Save Texas History Symposium will be held at the Texas General Land Office in Austin, Texas on November 6, 2010. A collection of papers relating to the career of Mirabeau B. Lamar has been accessioned by the Archives Division of the Texas State Library. A visual chronicle of the history of the West Texas A&M University in Canyon is presented at the Panhandle Plains Historical Museum.

Relatively little attention has been paid to the impacts of the A.D. 1130-1180 drought in the central Mesa Verde region, despite the fact that this period coincides with the collapse of the Chaco regional system. Were great house communities depopulated during the A.D. 1130-1180 drought? This paper calls into question the use of tree-ring distributions as the sole means of re-creating population history and offers an alternative approach utilizing multiple lines of excavation evidence, as applied at Albert Porter Pueblo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of how rivers cross obstructing mountains, once popular in the early twentieth century, has seen a dramatic resurgence in the last decade. Since Hutton's scholarly introduction to a possible cause for transverse drainage, however, no single study has compiled all of the various criteria that can be used to discriminate among the four possible mechanisms of antecedence, superimposition, overflow, and piracy. This paper presents the first such compilation and related methodology to apply these criteria both in tabular and graphical formats, as well as an online interactive tool in the data repository. Combining nominal and ordinal data sources, this methodology generates an objective, reproducible assessment for the mechanism most likely to have established the transverse drainage at five ordinal levels of confidence. When applied to southwestern U.S. sites, randomly selected through an objective spatial procedure, four general observations emerged on the relationship between the development of transverse drainage and landscape evolution. (1) Streams persisting through lengthy periods of extension develop antecedent canyons. (2) In order to reestablish through-flowing channels, streams overflow closed basins as active extension wanes. (3) Following a drop in base level related to the newly developed trunk channels, streams tributary to the trunk channels incise into basin-fill deposits--sometimes leading to the development of superimposed drainages. (4) Tributaries eroding headward, in response to the integration of two or more closed basins, can capture and redirect drainage; this permits transverse drainage through both piracy and superimposition upstream of the capture event. Because extant criteria use nominal and ordinal data almost entirely, considerable potential exists to refine this approach through future strategies that incorporate interval data. Future use of a criteria-based method has the potential to inform on prior geomorphic studies by providing a new perspective with which to study how basins evolve in active tectonic regions, the analysis of related basin sedimentation, the hydrological and biological aspects of drainage evolution, and transverse drainage found in Martian crater fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the use of increments (Schegloff 1996, Ford et al. 2002) in naturally occurring Navajo discourse (conversation.) Navajo is a polysynthetic verb-final language belonging to the Athabascan family, spoken in the American Southwest. It finds that Navajo increments, specifically "glue-ons" (Couper-Kuhlen & Ono this volume) appear in the form of temporal or locative adverbial phrases as well as unattached NPs, as is the case in English and other languages. However, Navajo increments do not appear to serve two functions suggested by Ford et al.(2002) for increments in English: "pursuing uptake" in the case of lack of recipiency, and the indexing of a "stance display" toward the speaker's own previous utterance. This is not surprising given other cultural differences in Athabaskan interaction which revolve around a value on individual autonomy, with important consequences for language use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the middle Sedentary period (ca. A.D. 1000-1070) in the deserts of southern and central Arizona, crowds from near and far regularly gathered at the centers of Hohokam villages to participate in ritual ballcourt festivities. These events were ideal venues for barter and exchange, leading some theorists to hypothesize that periodic marketplaces were associated with the ritual ballgames. Recent ceramic provenance and vessel-form evidence from the Phoenix basin have shown that the production of decorated and utilitarian pots was highly concentrated during this time and large numbers of bowls and jars were evenly distributed to far flung consumers. These findings have supported the marketplace hypothesis, suggesting that an efficient and reliable mechanism was available for moving large numbers of commodities across the region. The high volume of ceramic transactions, however seems to have placed the Hohokam case beyond the capabilities of nascent marketplaces documented from ethnohistoric and ethnographic evidence. In this paper we support the idea that marketplace barter was a central component of the Hohokam economy by presenting new ceramic data from the lower Salt River valley, which temporally links the demise of the ballcourt ceremonialism with a transformation in the organization of pottery production and distribution. We then examine some unusual circumstances pertaining to the Hohokam regional system that may help to explain how consumers could have so heavily depended on a network of horizontally organized, periodic marketplaces for basic necessities like earthenware containers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land-cover mapping efforts within the USGS Gap Analysis Program have traditionally been state-centered; each state having the responsibility of implementing a project design for the geographic area within their state boundaries. The Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) was the first formal GAP project designed at a regional, multi-state scale. The project area comprises the southwestern states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The land-cover map/dataset was generated using regionally consistent geospatial data (Landsat ETM+ imagery (1999–2001) and DEM derivatives), similar field data collection protocols, a standardized land-cover legend, and a common modeling approach (decision tree classifier). Partitioning of mapping responsibilities amongst the five collaborating states was organized around ecoregion-based “mapping zones”. Over the course of 21/2 field seasons approximately 93,000 reference samples were collected directly, or obtained from other contemporary projects, for the land-cover modeling effort. The final map was made public in 2004 and contains 125 land-cover classes. An internal validation of 85 of the classes, representing 91% of the land area was performed. Agreement between withheld samples and the validated dataset was 61% (KHAT=. 60, n =17,030). This paper presents an overview of the methodologies used to create the regional land-cover dataset and highlights issues associated with large-area mapping within a coordinated, multi-institutional management framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The interdisciplinary framework known as resilience theory used by ecologists, social scientists, as well as policy makers, is primarily concerned with the sources of transformation and stability in complex socioecological systems. The laboratory of the long and diverse archaeological record is uniquely suited to testing some of the implications of this theoretical perspective. In this paper, we consider the history of land use and landscape change across the transition from foraging to agricultural subsistence economies in the Middle Chevelon Creek region of northern Arizona. Through this discussion, we highlight the potential roles of diversity and flexibility at multiple spatial and temporal scales in the resilience of human land use practices from the prehistoric past. Expressing the long-term history of this region in a more general theoretical language that bridges the social and natural sciences promotes the collaboration of scientists with expertise deriving from different traditional disciplines. Such a broad perspective is necessary to characterize changes and stabilities in complex socioecological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines preliminary findings from an ongoing federally funded study of Native language shift and retention in the US Southwest, focusing on in-depth ethnographic interviews with Navajo youth. We begin with an overview of Native American linguistic ecologies, noting the dynamic, variegated and complex nature of language proficiencies and practices across a continuum of sociocultural settings. We then examine two pairs of youth discourses that illuminate social-psychological and macro-structural influences on language practices. These discourses juxtapose language identity with language endangerment, and language pride with language shame. As such, they expose the ways in which language allegiance is tied to the distribution of power and privilege in the larger society. Youth discourses, we argue, represent a powerful call to action for communities and schools serving Native American students. We conclude with the implications for future research and for language education planning in Indigenous and other endangered-language communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a detailed description of the relationship between spring snow mass in the mountain areas of the western United States and summertime precipitation in the southwestern United States associated with the North American monsoon system and examines the hypothesis that antecedent spring snow mass can modulate monsoon rains through effects on land surface energy balance. Analysis of spring snow water equivalent (SWE) and July–August (JA) precipitation for the period of 1948–97 confirms the inverse snow–monsoon relationship noted in previous studies. Examination of regional difference in SWE–JA precipitation associations shows that although JA precipitation in New Mexico is significantly correlated with SWE over much larger areas than in Arizona, the overall strength of the correlations are just as strong in Arizona as in New Mexico. Results from this study also illustrate that the snow–monsoon relationship is unstable over time. In New Mexico, the relationship is strongest during 1965–92 and is weaker outside that period. By contrast, Arizona shows strongest snow–monsoon associations before 1970. The temporal coincidence between stronger snow–monsoon associations over Arizona and weaker snow–monsoon associations over New Mexico (and vice versa) suggests a common forcing mechanism and that the variations in the strength of snow–monsoon associations are more than just climate noise. There is a need to understand how other factors modulate monsoonal rainfall before realistic predictions of summertime precipitation in the Southwest can be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper describes the estimated prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in 2,550 children, 5 through 17 years of age, who resided in five southwestern states of the United States and were examined in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) of 1982-84 of the National Center tot Health Statistics. Dental caries in the Mexican American children was predominantly a disease of occlusal surfaces of molars: few smooth surfaces of posterior and anterior teeth were affected by caries. This intra-oral distribution of dental caries strongly supports the use of fissure sealants as a preventive procedure. Filled tooth surfaces contributed about 66 per ¢ of the total DMFS (decayed, missing, filled surfaces) scores. The analysis also shows that about 50 per ¢ of the 17 year old Mexican Americans had five or more filled or decayed teeth. Mild gingivitis was prevalent (76.9 per ¢) in the Mexican American children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on issues related to the publication of the journal "Southwestern Social Science Quarterly," for the period from June 1944-March 1945. The journal has published 22 papers, 30 reviews of books and a number of brief notes on books not given full length reviews. Seven papers dealt with current situations in the Southwestern area of the U.S. Sixteen articles were written by people whose professional relations were largely within the same region.

The article examines the link between anthropology and demography in order to understand the variables influencing the changes of social structure in a Southwestern American community. The status of Havasupai women was said to affect demographic behavior such as fertility, sex ratio, mortality, and birth interval. In turn, these influence the improvement of women's status and their participation in community development process. In reference to John F. Martin's paper, sex ratio is not the only important variable in the study of demography in relation to anthropology, but also the consideration of socio-biological categories of a society.