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Background: Stroke is a heterogeneous and multi-factorial disease that affects people globally. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 is involved in blood- brain barrier breakdown, edema development, pro-inflammatory cytokine activation and destruction of myelin proteins are all connected to the pathogenic events that take place during an ischemic stroke., matrix metalloproteinase- 9 concentration is greatly related to infarct extension, neurologic impairments, and hemorrhagic transformation in individuals with ischemic stroke. Objective: We focused our research on improving individuals' outcomes after having an acute ischemic stroke by assessing the level of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 24 hours after the stroke begins and the relation between Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, clinical severity, and ischemic stroke prognosis. Methods: This follow up prospective cohort research was conducted at Zagazig University Hospitals' Intensive Care Unit and Stroke Unit at the Neurology Department and Emergency Room. The study included 54 people experiencing their first acute ischemic stroke. Stroke severity and serum MMP-9 level were assessed on admission and following a 15-day follow-up. Results: Level of Serum MMP-9 was 1085.93 ng/ml with a range from 485 to 1544 ng/ml. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between serum MMP-9 and neurological severity as measured by NIHSS at admission and after 15 days. Also, there was a highly significant positive correlation between MMP-9 and functional outcome as assessed by mRS after 15 da ys follow up. The best cutoff of MMP-9 in prediction of large size infarction, that was ≥ 1042 Also, the best cutoff of MMP-9 in prediction of severe stroke was ≥ 1091 ng/ml. The best cutoff of MMP-9 in prediction of severe stroke after 15 days is ≥972.5 ng/ml. Among factors significantly correlated with baseline NIHSS, MMP-9, size of infarct, BI and mRS were significantly independently associated with baseline NIHSS among studied patients.Conclusion: Serum MMP-9 may act as potential prognostic factor predicting neurological severity and short term outcome in individuals with ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with liver cirrhosis who present with bleeding esophageal varices are at a higher risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI), which, in turn, has negative impacts and a poor prognosis. In our study, we aimed to determine the association between recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding and the presence of AKI in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: Our study included 203 cirrhotic patients, divided into two groups based on the absence or presence of AKI. All patients underwent a comprehensive medical history evaluation, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations. Treatment for all patients included fluid resuscitation, vasopressor agents, and endoscopic management. Both groups were closely monitored to assess the rate of esophageal variceal re-bleeding. Results: Out of the 203 patients, 91 (45%) developed AKI. Several factors, such as low systemic blood pressure, a high volume of blood transfusion, and a high Child-Pugh score, were identified as independent predictors for AKI. Factors such as Child-Pugh scores (p = 0.006), active bleeding observed during endoscopy (p = 0.04), and the occurrence of AKI (p = 0.049) were identified as independent predictors of variceal re-bleeding at both 72 hours and 1 month. Among patients with AKI, the variceal re- bleeding rate was 27.5% at 72 hours, 16.5% at 1 month, and 12.1% at 3 months, compared to 9%, 5.4%, and 4.5%, r espectively, in patients without AKI. Within the first 72 hours, the rate of esophageal variceal re-bleeding was higher in patients with a more advanced stage of AKI. Conclusions: The incidence of recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis who developed AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural architecture search can be used to find convolutional neural architectures that are precise and robust while enjoying enough speed for industrial image processing applications. In this paper, our goal is to achieve optimal convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for multiple‐templates matching for applications such as licence plates detection (LPD). We perform an iterative local neural architecture search for the models with minimum validation error as well as low computational cost from our search space of about 32 billion models. We describe the findings of the experience and discuss the specifications of the final optimal architectures. About 20‐times error reduction and 6‐times computational complexity reduction is achieved over our engineered neural architecture after about 500 neural architecture evaluation (in about 10 h). The typical speed of our final model is comparable to classic template matching algorithms while performing more robust and multiple‐template matching with different scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although antiviral medications are commonly used to treat virus patients, their use in individuals is restricted due to critical aspects such as toxicity, virus resistance to antiviral agents, and host phenotypic responses against antiviral therapies. As a result, efforts are now being made to discover bioactive compounds in natural antiviral plants. For a long time, Verbascum thapsus L. has been used to relieve various lung illnesses and is traditionally used to treat certain respiratory diseases. In this study, we examined the antiviral activities (against the HCov-229E , HBV, and HSV II) by real-time RT–PCR, antibacterial activities (against Streptococcus pneumonia ATCC 1659, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Haemophilus influenza ATCC 10211) by disk diffusion method, and anticancer activities (against prostate and colorectal cancer cell lines) by SRB assay of the methanol extract of V. thapsus L. leaves and flowers. The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is performed to annotate the secondary metabolites in leaves and flowers. The latter analysis reported the annotation of 31 secondary metabolites classified into different classes. Among these metabolites, 12 tentatively identified metabolites were reported for the first time in V. thapsus L., but some had previously been found in other Verbascum species. Some flavonoids, phenyl-ethanoid glycoside, and iridoids enhanced the flowers extract as a potent antiviral activity against the HCov-229E , HBV, and HSV II, reaching about 8-folds, 2-folds, and 4-folds reductions, respectively than that of the leaves extract, upon compared to the positive control. On the other hand, the leaves extract had a 5-fold higher antiviral impact against HCV than the flowers extract. Due to its richness in particular phenyl-ethanoid glycosides, phenolic acids, and terpenoid, the methanol extract of leaves had slightly stronger antibacterial activity (50–62%) than that of the flowers (42–54%). Both leaves and flower extracts demonstrated weak cytotoxic activity (≤10%). This plant has emerged as a strong future alternative for testing against numerous enveloped viruses as a natural, affordable, accessible, and compelling medication or adjuvant. [Display omitted] • Chemical makeup and health benefits of Verbascum thapsus. • Differentiation between flowers and leaves of the great mullein is presented. • Potent antiviral effect of the flowers against HCov-229E, HBV, and HSV II. • The leaves proved higher antibacterial activity (50–62%) due to its richness with phenyl-ethanoid glycosides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lumbar radicular pain (LRP) is one of the most encountered complaints in neurosurgical practice that pose a challenge in its management as adequate pain control, which is not always achieved. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of pulsed radiofrequency as a minimally invasive tool in the management of lumbar radicular pain of lumbar discogenic origin. Methods: This is a prospective study that included 20 patients with lumbar radicular pain with radiological evidence of lumbar disc prolapse, who have been subjected to pulsed radiofrequency. Results: The mean preoperative visual analogue score was 71 ± 14.38 dropped to a mean of 43.5 ± 21.47 at six-month follow-up. Seventy percentage of the study population had a satisfactory outcome, which did not correlate with the age, sex, or body mass index of the patients. Conclusions: Pulsed radiofrequency is a safe and useful tool that may be used in the management of lumbar radicular pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We conducted this study to reflect a single-center experience with the use of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NAC) for the management of women with operable breast cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review on all women presenting with operable, stage II–III, breast cancer and were scheduled for NAC at Suez Canal University Hospital. The primary outcome of this study was to estimate the proportion of patients with breast cancer who become eligible for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after (NAC). Results: A total of 147 patients were included. Before the initiation of chemotherapy, only 66 (44.9%) patients were indicated for (BCS). A total of 40 (49.4%) new patients, out of the 81 patients who were ineligible before chemotherapy, became eligible for BCS after NAC (95% CI 39.3–61.9%). On the other hand, 8 (12.1%) patients became ineligible for BCS after NAC, out of 66 patients who were initially eligible. Out of the 98 eligible patients for BCS after chemotherapy, 72 (73.5%) patients underwent the surgery, and the remaining 26 (26.5%) patients chose modified radical mastectomy (MRM). A total of 55 out of 72 (76.4%) patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR). One woman (0.1%) experienced relapse in the 3rd year of follow-up and three women (2%) experienced relapse in the 5th year of follow-up. We found a statistically significant relationship between patients who became eligible for breast-conserving surgery and both age and estrogen receptor negativity (p = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusion: NAC can play a crucial role in increasing the rate of eligibility for BCS among women with operable, stage II–III, breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Amyand's hernia (AH) is a rare condition due to herniation of an appendix into the sac of the inguinal hernia. There is no consensus concerning the ideal management of AH whether to do appendectomy during herniotomy or not. Methods A retrospective analysis of all patients' data records with AH operated at Minia University pediatric surgery unit from Jan. 2018 to Dec. 2022 was done. Results From 2018 to 2022, 11 cases of AH were operated at Minia University pediatric surgery unit. The appendix alone was found in 7 (63.6%) cases, while it was associated with cecum in 2 (18.1%) cases and with bowel in 1 (9%) case and with both cecum and small bowel in 1 (9%) case. In 5 (45.45%) cases, the appendix was looking normal and was managed by reduction of appendix and herniotomy. In 6 (54.54%) cases the appendix was inflamed and managed by appendectomy and then herniotomy. The postoperative period was uneventful in all cases. Conclusions Appendectomy should be done only for inflamed and/or ischemic appendages. Reduction of the appendix into the abdominal cavity followed by herniotomy in a normally looking appendix is a safe option and appendectomy should not be made for all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was the clinical evaluation of the capsular management with arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears by comparing the functional outcomes of closed versus open capsule. Methods: Patients with a median age of 38 years (18–55), clinical and radiological features of FAI and/or labral tear, and non-arthritic non-dysplastic hips were selected for arthroscopic treatment. Capsulotomy was performed primarily as an interportal section, then a distal extension preserving the zona orbicularis was added. The study compared two matched groups: patients with open capsule versus patients with closed capsule. Clinical outcomes were assessed by Non-Arthritic Hip Score, hip outcome scores of daily living activities and sports-specific scales. Scores were collected preoperatively and 6 months, 2 years and 5 years postoperatively. Rate of revision arthroscopy and conversion to total hip arthroplasty were used for comparing groups. Minimal clinically important differences were calculated for both groups. Results: The study included 42 patients in the OC group and 44 patients in the CC group. Significant improvement of postoperative PROMs was recorded in both groups compared to preoperative scores. CC group significantly improved more than the OC group based on NAHS, HOS-ADL and HOS-SSS over all check points except for NAHS and HOS-ADL at 6 months, which were statistically non-significant. A non-significant difference was observed in the percentage of patients who met the MCID for all reported outcome scores at 5 years in both groups. The rate of reoperation was similar in both groups, but with different indications. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment of FAI and labral repair with complete closure of the hip capsule led to significantly improved functional outcomes after 5 years follow-up compared with open capsule. Closed capsule can provide greater improvement in the sports-specific outcomes at early follow-up. Controlled capsulotomy limited by zona orbicularis did not produce instability at any postoperative stage. Similar proportions of patients achieved minimal clinically important difference, and similar rates of reoperation were reported in both groups. Level of evidence: III [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With a frequency of 0.5–2% in the general population, vitiligo is a chronic acquired depigmentary condition that manifests as single or clusters of achromic macules and patches on various body parts. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical psoralen-narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) treatment of non-segmental vitiligo patients in comparison with NB-UVB alone. Patients and Methods: This prospective interventional study included forty non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) patients, divided into two equal groups. Group I received only NB-UVB sessions while group II treated with topical psoralen plus NB-UVB. Vitiligo extent tensity index (VETI) was used for disease severity evaluation. All patients received three sessions weekly for sixteen weeks. The participants were recruited from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Vitiligo, Ain- Shams University Hospitals. Results: Group I and II were statistically matching as regards age, sex, special habits, vitiligo family history, disease activity or duration and associated diseases. VETI scores showed highly statistically significant post-treatment improvement in both groups. However, no statistically significant difference could be detected in those receiving NBUVB alone versus psoralen plus NBUVB. Conclusion: The combination of topical psoralen and narrow band UVB is a successful treatment option for nonsegmental vitiligo that is well tolerated. Its effectiveness is comparable to narrow band UVB alone, but not better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4D printing is a result of 3D printing of smart materials which respond to diverse stimuli to produce novel products. 4D printing has been applied successfully to many fields, e.g., engineering, medical devices, computer components, food processing, etc. The last two years have seen a significant increase in studies on 4D as well as 5D and 6D food printing. This paper reviews and summarizes current applications, benefits, limitations, and challenges of 4D food printing. In addition, the principles, current, and potential applications of the latest additive manufacturing technologies (5D and 6D printing) are reviewed and discussed. Presently, 4D food printing applications have mainly focused on achieving desirable color, shape, flavor, and nutritional properties of 3D printed materials. Moreover, it is noted that 5D and 6D printing can in principle print very complex structures with improved strength and less material than do 3D and 4D printing. In future, these new technologies are expected to result in significant innovations in all fields, including the production of high quality food products which cannot be produced with current processing technologies. The objective of this review is to identify industrial potential of 4D printing and for further innovation utilizing 5D and 6D printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-stigma develops when people with mental disorders start to accept and apply the stigma that the wider public has towards these disorders. People suffering from mental disorders are one of the most groups prone to stigmatization others, making them more likely to experience internalized stigma. Studies done in Europe found that people with schizophrenia had greater internalized stigma than those with mood disorders. Self-stigma has been linked negatively to the individual's self-esteem, coping, and other outcomes. The aim of this research was to compare young patients with bipolar disorder to those with schizophrenia as regards self-stigma and various coping mechanisms. Additionally, this study sought to evaluate the association between coping mechanisms and self-stigma in young people with schizophrenia and those with bipolar disorder. The ISMI scale and the BRIEF-COPE inventory were used to assess self-stigma and coping strategies respectively. Results: The mean ISMI total score was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group than in the bipolar disorder group (p < 0.001). The latter group showed a statistically significant higher mean total adaptive score than the schizophrenia group (p = 0.03). A significant positive correlation was found between the total maladaptive score of the BRIEF-COPE inventory and the ISMI scale total score (p < 0.001) in both groups. Conclusions: Youth with schizophrenia experience more self-stigma than those with bipolar disorder, with the former using more maladaptive coping styles. Self-stigma is strongly linked to maladaptive coping in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of 11-(1,4-bisaminopropylpiperazinyl)5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline (BAPPN), a novel derivative of 5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline, against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), colon carcinoma (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7), and lung (A549) cancer cell lines and the possible molecular mechanism through which it exerts its cytotoxic activity. BAPPN was synthesized and characterized with FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The binding affinity scores of BAPPN for caspase-3 PDB: 7JL7 was −7.836, with an RMSD of 1.483° A. In silico screening of ADME properties indicated that BAPPN showed promising oral bioavailability records in addition to their high gastrointestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier penetrability. BAPPN induced cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 3.3, 23, 3.1, and 9.96 μg/mL against cancer cells HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549, respectively. In addition, it induced cell injury and morphological changes in ultracellular structure, including cellular delayed activity, vanishing of membrane blebbing, microvilli, cytoplasmic condensation, and shrunken nucleus with more condensed chromatin autophagosomes. Furthermore, BAPPN significantly increased the protein expression of caspase-3 and tumor suppressor protein (P53). However, it significantly reduced the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein into the medium and decreased the protein expression of proliferation cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 in HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549 cells. This study indicates that BAPPN has cytotoxic action against liver, colon, breast, and lung cancer cell lines via the up-regulation of apoptotic proteins, caspase-3 and P53, and the downregulation of proliferative proteins, VEGF, PCNA, and Ki67. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting of the levels of greenhouse gases in the air with high precision and low cost is a very urgent demand for environmental protection. Phononic crystals (PnCs) represent a novel sensor technology, particularly for high-performance sensing applications. This study has been conducted by using two PnC designs (periodic and quasi-periodic) to detect the CO2 pollution in the surrounding air through a wide range of concentrations (0–100%) and temperatures (0–180 °C). The detection process is physically dependent on the displacement of Fano resonance modes. The performance of the sensor is demonstrated for the periodic and Fibonacci quasi-periodic (S3 and S4 sequences) structures. In this regard, the numerical findings revealed that the periodic PnC provides a better performance than the quasi-periodic one with a sensitivity of 31.5 MHz, the quality factor (Q), along with a figure of merit (FOM) of 280 and 95, respectively. In addition, the temperature effects on the Fano resonance mode position were examined. The results showed a pronounced temperature sensitivity with a value of 13.4 MHz/°C through a temperature range of 0–60 °C. The transfer matrix approach has been utilized for modeling the acoustic wave propagation through each PnC design. Accordingly, the proposed sensor has the potential to be implemented in many industrial and biomedical applications as it can be used as a monitor for other greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have established wide attention as strengthened fillers because of their excellent several characters. Nano polymers based on thermoplastic elastomer composed of waste polyethylene (WPE)/Waste ethylene propylene diene monomer (WEPDM) blended equally 50/50 wt. % and strengthened with different concentrations of CNT (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%) were fabricated via melt mixing. The prepared specimens were exposed to various gamma radiation doses, namely 50 and 100 kGy to evaluate the impact of radiation on the Nano polymers structure. FTIR and XRD were used to track the structure and crystallinity changes of thermoplastic elastomer with CNT filling. Mechanical features including tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E%), modulus of elasticity (EM) and hardness (Shore D) of the unirradiated and irradiated samples were evaluated. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical properties named storage (E′) and loss modulus as well as tan delta (δ) of the fabricated specimens were measured. TGA and also DSC monitored the thermal decomposition and the melting point alterations caused by CNT reinforcement. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) was studied for all fabricated samples as an application of shielding for radio frequency signals. In general, all the studied parameters revealed improvements of thermoplastic elastomer properties via CNT interference. Subsequent reinforcement of CNT concentrations into WPE/WEPDM produced higher shielding for radio frequency signals. Furthermore, applied gamma radiation doses improved the shielding properties of the fabricated nanocomposites. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocyclic compounds are used as a basic structural tool in medicinal chemistry and are very essential in our daily life. A wide range of heterocyclic compounds were reported to show in the literature with interesting biological and pharmacological properties. In their profound study on a series of several heterocyclic compounds shown to have bio applications, unfortunately, the aromatic π‐conjugated heterocyclic molecules quench the emission intensity due to aggregation caused quenching due to π–π stacking. Owing to the disadvantages, the design and function of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active heterocyclic materials were emerging abundantly. On the other note, AIE has often been used to further improve both the emission intensity and stability of compounds, with plenty of potential applications in chemical sensing and bioimaging. In this work, we comprehensively reviewed the recent progress in heterocyclic compounds with AIE characteristics that are effectively used in chemo‐selective and bio‐imaging or as highly selective sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The backward Raman amplifier (RA) can considered as one of the best solutions for optical communication, especially in Wavelength Division Multiplexing technology. They reduce the nonlinear effects, have low noise figure and a wide frequency range. The work in this paper aims to reduce the attenuation of optical signal due to its propagation optical fiber and increase both amplifier gain and output signal power. Two backward Raman models are proposed. Proposal one model consists of two cascaded RAs and the other (proposal two) consists of three cascaded RAs. Three backward pump power levels 200, 400, and 600 mW are used to simulate the models with the three types of fibers: single-mode fiber, Truewave, and Freelight, at an amplifier length of 100 km. Proposal two achieves a maximum gain of 31 dB at 600 mW pump power 600 mW using Truewave optical fiber, with 27.7 dBm maximum output signal power. This proposal is evaluated showing 11.15% gain enhancement and 200 mW saved power when compared to previously published work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional yeast-produced soy yogurt has grown in demand, because of its unique nutritional and health benefits. It has low cholesterol, no lactose, and high levels of protein, probiotic yeast, vitamins, and minerals. In this work, Soymilk (12.5%) was prepared and fermented to produce soy yogurt. Growth curves, probiotic characteristics of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCMI-745 and Lactobacillus plantarum KU985432 were determined. The nutritional value of both yogurts was evaluated, including viable cell count, protein, vitamin B-complex, sugars, phenolic acids, and fatty acids, mineral content, stability, and storage. Analysis of the physicochemical composition of the yogurts included assessment of titratable acidity, antioxidant potential, viscosity, and moisture content. The probiotic viable count of the produced yogurts met the standards for commercial yogurts. S. boulardii CNCMI-745 displayed safety characteristics and high tolerance to heat, acid, and alkaline stress. The produced B vitamins increased in both yogurts. The total saturated fatty acids in Saccharomyces-yogurt decreased, while the unsaturated fatty acids increased. Saccharomyces-yogurt showed high antioxidant activity, phenolic acids, and crude protein content. Both yogurts demonstrated the same tendency for stability during 16 day-storage. In conclusion, using nutritional yeast in the production of soy yogurt increased its nutritional content more than probiotic lactic acid bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of phosphorite deposits as an industrial resource is of paramount importance, and its sustainability largely depends on ensuring safe and responsible practices. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of phosphorite deposits for industrial applications such as the production of phosphoric acid and phosphatic fertilizers. To achieve this goal, the study meticulously examines the geochemical characteristics of the deposits, investigates the distribution of natural Radioactivity within them, and assesses the potential radiological risk associated with their use. The phosphorites are massive and collected from different beds within the Duwi Formation at the Hamadat mining area. They are grain-supported and composed of phosphatic pellets, bioclasts (bones), non-phosphatic minerals, and cement. Geochemically, phosphorites contain high concentrations of P2O5 (23.59–28.36 wt.%) and CaO (40.85–44.35 wt.%), with low amounts of Al2O3 (0.23–0.51 wt.%), TiO2 (0.01–0.03 wt.%), Fe2O3 (1.14–2.28 wt.%), Na2O (0.37–1.19 wt.%), K2O (0.03–0.12 wt.%), and MnO (0.08–0.18 wt.%), suggesting the low contribution of the detrital material during their deposition. Moreover, they belong to contain enhanced U concentration (55–128 ppm). They are also enriched with Sr, Ba, Cr, V, and Zn and depleted in Th, Zr, and Rb, which strongly supports the low detrital input during the formation of the Hamadat phosphorites. The high Radioactivity of the studied phosphorites is probably due to the widespread occurrence of phosphatic components (e.g., apatite) that accommodate U in high concentrations. Gamma spectrometry based on NaI (Tl) crystal 3×3 has been used to measure occurring radionuclides in the phosphorite samples. The results indicate that the radioactive concentrations' average values of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are 184.18±9.19, 125.82±6.29, and 63.82±3.19 Bq Kg-1, respectively. Additionally, evaluations have been made of the radiological hazards. The calculated risk indicators exceeded the recommended national and world averages. The data obtained will serve as a reference for follow-up studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the Radioactivity of phosphatic materials collected from the Hamdat mine area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the importance of the multi-level fully rough interval linear programming (MLFRILP) problem to address a wide range of management and optimization challenges in practical applications, such as policymaking, supply chain management, energy management, and so on, few researchers have specifically discussed this point. This paper presents an easy and systematic roadmap of studies of the currently available literature on rough multi-level programming problems and improvements related to group procedures in seven basic categories for future researchers and also introduces the concept of multi-level fully rough interval optimization. We start remodeling the problem into its sixteen crisp linear programming LP problems using the interval method and slice sum method. All crisp LPs can be reduced to four crisp LPs. In addition, three different optimization techniques were used to solve the complex multi-level linear programming issues. A numerical example is also provided to further clarify each strategy. Finally, we have a comparison of the methods used for solving the MLFRILP problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talocalcaneal coalition is the most common cause of rigid flat foot in adolescents. It presents with recurrent ankle sprains, foot and ankle pain, and foot deformity. Management is still controversial. Multiple options were utilized during the last 40 years, including coalition excision only or coalition excision with hind foot arthrodesis or corrective osteotomies. However, the effect of arthroereisis after coalition excision is still questionable. Thirty feet in 28 patients with rigid flat foot due to talocalcaneal coalition, who presented to our institution between September 2018 and April 2020, were prospectively analyzed. Randomization was performed by random allocation using a computer-based system into two groups: group A for coalition excision and arthroereisis, group B for coalition excision and osteotomies. Functional and radiological outcomes and complications were recorded and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Thirty feet in 28 patients were included in the final analysis (15 feet in each group). One patient in each group had bilateral affection. The mean age was 14.5 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 24 months. At final follow-up, the mean AOFAS was 78.8 ± 4.04 in group A and 76.73 ± 4.66 in group B, while the FAAM scores were 80 ± 5 and 79 ± 3 in groups A and B, respectively. The complication rate was higher in group A, however with no statistical significance. The combination of talocalcaneal coalition resection with either corrective osteotomies or arthroereisis had a significant improvement of functional and radiological outcomes in the management of rigid pes planovalgus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high penetration of renewable energy resources' (RESs) and electric vehicles' (EVs) demands to power systems can stress the network reliability due to their stochastic natures. This can reduce the power quality in addition to increasing the network power losses and voltage deviations. This problem can be solved by allocating RESs and EV fast charging stations (FCSs) in suitable locations on the grid. So, this paper proposes a new approach using the red kite optimization algorithm (ROA) for integrating RESs and FCSs to the distribution network through identifying their best sizes and locations. The fitness functions considered in this work are: reducing the network loss and minimizing the voltage violation for 24 h. Moreover, a new version of the multi-objective red kite optimization algorithm (MOROA) is proposed to achieve both considered fitness functions. The study is performed on two standard distribution networks of IEEE-33 bus and IEEE-69 bus. The proposed ROA is compared to dung beetle optimizer (DBO), African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA), bald eagle search (BES) algorithm, bonobo optimizer (BO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), multi-objective multi-verse optimizer (MOMVO), multi-objective grey wolf optimizer (MOGWO), and multi-objective artificial hummingbird algorithm (MOAHA). For the IEEE-33 bus network, the proposed ROA succeeded in reducing the power loss and voltage deviation by 58.24% and 90.47%, respectively, while in the IEEE-69 bus it minimized the power loss and voltage deviation by 68.39% and 93.22%, respectively. The fetched results proved the competence and robustness of the proposed ROA in solving the problem of integrating RESs and FCSs to the electrical networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In several works, scientific researchers targeted the development of polymeric materials with good mechanical and thermal properties and resist heat and fire propagation. In a new approach, this article goals to the usage of waste polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) based polymer composites derived from PVC pipes scrap filled with fixed percent of zinc borate particles (ZnB), which were prepared via two different techniques named melt mixing WPVC/ZnB (M) and casting WPVC/ZnB (C). The fabricated composites by the two methods were irradiated in an electron beam accelerator (EB) at 30 kGy. A comparative study of the thermal and mechanical properties based on stress-strain curves, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E %), and tear strength were evaluated. Furthermore, the rate of heat burning (%) for the two methods has been performed. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the activation energy (Ea) calculation of the prepared samples have been considered. The observed improvements in the mechanical, thermal, and flammability behavior of WPVC were succeeded by incorporating ZnB particles. The irradiated WPVC loaded with zinc borate presented a superior flame propagation fraction when matched with their corresponding unirradiated composites. Also, WPVC composite films prepared via the melt mixing method reveal more excellent properties than those equipped by the casting process for the most investigated factors. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When it comes to cancer, breast cancer (BC) is by far the most common type among females worldwide. As a result of a number of circumstances, including the current COVID-19 pandemic, routine breast imaging has been drastically reduced in recent times. It is also important to keep in mind throughout this time frame since a delay in diagnosis of as little as three months can have a significant impact on breast cancer survival rates. Objective: Review of the literature on imaging modalities of breast masses. Methods: We looked for data on Breast Masses and Imaging, in medical journals and databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. However, only the most recent or extensive study was taken into account between July 2000 and February 2021. References from related works were also evaluated by the writers. There were not enough resources to translate documents into languages other than English, hence those documents have been ignored. It was generally agreed that documents such as unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations did not qualify as legitimate scientific study. Conclusion: Functional imaging has been shown to have better diagnostic performance than morphological imaging, allowing for earlier diagnosis and thus ever-more-tailored treatments and screenings for individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation characterized by bilateral irregular brown macules and patches over sun-exposed areas of face and less commonly, forearms. No single treatment is universally effective. It has been shown that metformin could decrease intracellular cyclic adenosine mono phosphate. Since c-AMP has a role in melanogenesis, metformin can inhibit melanogenesis resulting in a significant reduction in melanin in the basal layer. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical metformin for melasma treatment. Patients and Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre-post comparison study) study included 30 female cases of melasma from the Dermatology outpatient clinic of Mansoura University Hospital, during the period between March 2021 and March 2022. Included females had more than 18 years old. The metformin lotion was prepared using metformin powder and a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) -6; Ethylene Glycol; PEG-32, acetyl alcohol, liquid Paraffin, Methylparaben, propylparaben, and distilled water. Participants applied one layer of metformin 30% lotion on the affected area on face at night to the morning for a period of 3 months. Results: Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score decreased gradually after successive sessions (mean 13.8, 13.7, 11.5, 11.4, 11.4, respectively), with statistically significant improvement after 2, 3 months and also 1 month after the end of treatment (P values 0.002, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Grades of improvement significantly increased after 1, 2 months, but became stable by the 3rd month and one month after therapy. After the end of therapy, 20% of participants were satisfied, 36.7% were slightly satisfied, 26.7% were poorly satisfied, and 16.7% were not satisfied. No side effects were reported. Conclusion: Melasma was improved after using of topical metformin with no side effects appeared. Thus, topical metformin is a new, safe, and effective for melisma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study attempted to evaluate the impact of drilling parameters and delamination on the bearing strength of both neat GFRP (NG) and hybrid GFRP/aluminum (Al)-wire mesh with two various configurations, first with Al-mesh in the outer surface of specimen (AG) and the other with Al-mesh in the core of specimen (GA). Drilling procedure is carried out using ∅ 6 mm carbide twist drill with three different tip angles (90°, 120° and 135°), as well as Three different speeds and feeds (1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm) and (20, 40, and 60 mm/min), respectively. Taguchi and ANOVA analyses are used to analyze the influence of processing parameters. The findings showed that AG specimen experienced the least delamination damage. The maximum bearing strength refers to NG specimen, which is 9.6% and 8.7% more than AG and GA specimens, respectively. Drill point angle has the major effect on bearing strength for both AG and GA specimens, while for NG feed rate is of the major effect. The developed regression model displayed a high level of fitness with an average prediction error of less than 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Male infertility is a major health problem with multi-factorial etiology. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has revolutionized the treatment of men with severely compromised semen parameters and improved their chances of achieving pregnancy. However, many concerns have been raised about ICSI safety; in part owing to utilizing aneuploid sperms from infertile men, which may be associated with an increased incidence of chromosomal aneuploidies in ICSI pregnancies. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of sperm aneuploidies for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y in semen of infertile males with failed ICSI. This will assist infertile couples and enable them to make informed decisions. For this purpose, sperm aneuploidy frequency for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y was evaluated by multicolor fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) in 35 patients with abnormal semen parameters, and 10 normozoospermic healthy men who served as controls. Results: Sperm aneuploidies for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y in semen from infertile men with failed ICSI were detected at higher frequencies than controls. Patients had significantly higher disomy, nullisomy, diploidy, and polyploidy frequencies compared to controls. Conclusions: Infertile men with failed ICSI have a significantly increased frequency of sperm chromosome abnormalities compared to controls. Fluorescence in situ hybridization facilitated the study of numerical chromosomal abnormalities in human sperm nuclei (sperm FISH). Sperm FISH, prior to the application of assisted reproductive techniques, saves a considerable amount of time and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae have garnered scientific interest for their potential to produce bioactive compounds. However, the large-scale industrial utilization of microalgae faces challenges related to production costs and achieving optimal growth conditions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential role of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) application in improving the growth and production of bioactive metabolites in microalgae. To this end, the study employed different concentrations of exogenously administered IAA ranging from 0.36 µM to 5.69 µM to assess its influence on the growth and biochemical composition of Synechocystis and Chlorella. IAA exposure significantly increased IAA levels in both strains. Consequentially, improved biomass accumulation in parallel with increased total pigment content by approximately eleven-fold in both strains was observed. Furthermore, the application of IAA stimulated the accumulation of primary metabolites. Sugar levels were augmented, providing a carbon source that facilitated amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis. As a result, amino acid levels were enhanced as well, leading to a 1.55-fold increase in total amino acid content in Synechocystis and a 1.42-fold increase in Chlorella. Total fatty acids content increased by 1.92-fold in Synechocystis and by 2.16-fold in Chlorella. Overall, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of exogenously adding IAA as a strategy for enhancing the accumulation of microalgae biomass and biomolecules. These findings contribute to the advancement of microalgae-based technologies, opening new avenues to produce economically important compounds derived from microalgae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas sensors that can measure multiple pollutants simultaneously are highly desirable for on-site air pollution monitoring at various scales, both indoor and outdoor. Herein, we introduce a low-cost multi-parameter gas analyzer capable of monitoring multiple gaseous pollutants simultaneously, thus allowing for true analytical measurement. It is a spectral sensor consisting of a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) gas analyzer based on a mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometer. The sensor is as small as 7 × 5 × 2.5 cm3. It was deployed in an open-path configuration within a district-scale climatic chamber (Sense City, Marne-la-Vallée, France) with a volume of 20 × 20 × 8 m3. The setup included a transmitter and a receiver separated by 38 m to enable representative measurements of the entire district domain. We used a car inside the climatic chamber, turning the engine on and off to create time sequences of a pollution source. The results showed that carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) were accurately monitored using the spectral sensor, with agreement with the reference analyzers used to record the pollution levels near the car exhaust. Furthermore, the lower detection limits of CO, NO2 and NO were assessed, demonstrating the capability of the sensor to detect these pollutants. Additionally, a preliminary evaluation of the potential of the spectral sensor to screen multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was conducted at the laboratory scale. Overall, the results demonstrated the potential of the proposed multi-parameter spectral gas sensor in on-site gaseous pollution monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protective oxide layers on Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr (TC21) alloy with equiaxed microstructure considerably influence micro-hardness and hot corrosion resistance. The present work's thermal oxidation of TC21 alloy was performed at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 5, 20, and 50 h durations. Hot corrosion methods in NaCl and NaCl + Na2SO4 salt media were applied to raw (unoxidized) and oxidized samples at 600 and 800 °C for 50 h. Hot corrosion was conducted at 600 °C for 5 cycles with 10-h steps. The best oxide layer thickness was observed at 800 °C, which increased with increased oxidation time and temperature. The surface hardness of the oxide layer at 800 °C was 900 ± 60 HV0.05 owing to the formation of TiO2 and Al2O3 phases. Raw material hardness was 342 ± 20 HV0.05, increasing threefold due to thermal oxidation. In the case of NaCl, weight loss dominated all samples except at 800 °C for 5 h. In the case of NaCl + Na2SO4, weight gain occurred at 600 and 800 °C for 5 h. Weight loss occurred for the raw samples and those processed at 800 °C for 20 and 50 h, where the oxide layer flaked off. Surface hardness increased upon hot corrosion testing because of the formation of brittle phases, such as TiO2 and Na4Ti5O12. Samples that oxidized at 800 °C for 5 h had the highest hardness and corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower back pain is a universal dilemma leaving a negative effect on both health and life quality. It was found that a fixed dose combination of chlorzoxazone and ibuprofen gave a higher efficiency than analgesic alone in treatment of acute lower back pain. Based on the significant benefit of that combination, a green, sensitive, rapid, direct, and cost-effective method is created for concurrent determination of ibuprofen and chlorzoxazone in presence of 2-amino para chlorophenol (a synthetic precursor and potential impurity of chlorzoxazone) adopting the synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. Synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique is adopted to avoid the highly overlapped native spectra of both drugs. The synchronous spectrofluorometric method was applied at Δλ = 50 nm, ibuprofen was measured at 227 nm while chlorzoxazone was measured at 282 nm with no hindering from one to another. The various experimental variables affecting the performance of the suggested technique were explored and adjusted. The suggested technique showed good linearity from 0.02 to 0.6 and 0.1 to 5.0 µg/mL for ibuprofen and chlorzoxazone, respectively. The produced detection limits were 0.27 × 10–3 and 0.03, while the quantitation limits were 0.82 × 10–3 and 0.09 µg/mL for ibuprofen and chlorzoxazone, respectively. The suggested approach was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in the synthetic mixture, different pharmaceutical preparations, and spiked human plasma. The suggested technique was validated with respect to the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) recommendations. The suggested technique was found to be simpler and greener with lower cost compared to the earlier reported methods which required complicated techniques, longer time of analysis, and less safe solvents and reagents. Green profile assessment for the developed method compared with the reported spectrofluorometric method was performed using four assessment tools. These tools confirmed that the recommended technique attained the most possible green parameters, so it could be used as a greener option in routine quality control for analyzing the two drugs in genuine form and pharmaceutical preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignant tumors that account for less than 1% of all adult cancers and 12% of pediatrics cancers, apart from the tumors, location and grade, the histologic subtype of STS is a significant prognostic factor, Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are among the most common treatments for STSs today. Aim: This study aims to ascertain retrospectively the epidemiology and prognostic factors of soft tissue sarcoma and also highlights the outcomes in the terms of (overall survival) and (progression free survival) among Egyptian patients at clinical oncology and nuclear medicine department, Zagazig University and Ahmad Maher Teaching hospitals. Patient and Methods: Retrospective study of patients with non-metastatic extremities soft tissue sarcoma, these Study was done from two oncological centers in Egyptian Ahmed Maher teaching hospital and Zagazig University Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine department, about 73 patient medical records from Jan 2010 till December 2021. Results: The median follow-up duration was 60 months (range; 11-72 months). Patients received by recording outcome of treatment we found that LRFS 45.5% over 5years while DMFS was 84.7% over 5 years and median disease free survival were 44.2% over 5 years, progression was seen in 3 patient With progression median time of 4 months, events accrued in 20 patient only With events free median time of 60 months and till now 58 patient mortality rates Were 20.5% and overall survival after 5 year were 70.7%. Conclusion: median overall survival (OS) for non-metastatic extremities soft tissue sarcoma was 72 months, median disease free survival (DFS) was 60 months, median distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) was 106 month and median event free survival (EFS)was 60 months, median progression free survival (PFS) was 4 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer demand for natural preservatives in processed meat products has prompted research into alternative options that can maintain health and safety standards. In this study, the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) (BB) were investigated, and four beef burger formulas were (control beef burger) (C), a beef burger with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (T1), a beef burger with 1% BB (T2), and a beef burger with 1.5% BB (T3). The results revealed that BB contained high levels of total phenolics (435 mg GAE/100g sample, flavonoids (59.76mg Quercetin/ 100g sample), and anthocyanins (173.3mg/ 100g.), making it a promising candidate for use as a natural preservative. Furthermore, incorporating BB into the beef burgers improved all sensory parameters when compared with control, and significantly increased cooking yield, while decreasing cooking loss (p< 0.05). The inclusion of BB also resulted in a clear decrease in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide values (p<0.05), indicating its potential as a functional ingredient with preservative ability during meat product processing. Therefore, the use of blueberries as a natural preservative in meat products is recommended as a sustainable alternative to synthetic preservatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) are increased probability of suffer from feeding difficulties, which can have long-term health effects, such as growth deficits and lower scholastic and cognitive performance that causes a negative impact on children's well-being. Purposes: This study aimed to investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on oral motor skills and swallowing and feeding functions in children with Down syndrome. Methods: Forty-eight children with DS from both sexes contributed to this research, with ages ranging from 3-6 years. They were randomly divided into two groups of equal numbers. The control group received an especially designed physical therapy program and oral motor training program. The study group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in addition to a specially designed physical therapy program and oral motor training program given to the control group. Both groups received the treatment program 3 times / week for 3 successive months. Assessment of oral motor skills was conducted by oral motor assessment scale (OMAS) and the pediatric eating assessment tool (Pedi-EAT) was used for assessment of swallowing and feeding functions. Assessment was performed before and after 3 months of intervention. Results: The results of the present study showed statistically significant improvement within both groups in all measured variables when comparing their pre- and post-treatment mean values. Statistically significant differences were observed in all measured variables between the two groups in favor of the study group. Conclusion: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in conjunction with oral motor exercises is more effective than using oral motor exercises alone in improving oral motor skills and swallowing function in children with Down syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute leukemia is considered as the most popular hematological neoplasm, reflected bypresenceof precursor cells of malignant clone in peripheral circulation and bone marrow. Objectives: Our survey was done to evaluate the role of new prognostic factors as body mass index in adult patients receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Patients and Methods: this study was carried out during the period from February 2018 to February 2019 in Clinical Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department of Zagazig University Hospitals. The study is Cross sectional of total subjects included 80 patients who were diagnosed as acute leukemia; 28 of them were females and 56 were males. Body mass index (BMI) is defined as the summation of division of weight calculated in kilograms by the square of height calculated in meters (kg/m²). Results: We found a statistically significant difference between the overweight patients and underweight patients regarding primary induction failure (PIF) rates. There is an increase in rates of PIF in the group of underweight patients than overweight group. Patients whom BMI is more than 25 can carry better results than underweight patients whom BMI > 25 as regarding to induction chemotherapy outcomes and overall survival, it may be due to increased period of chemotherapy distribution through the obese patients body with low rates of drug clearance. Sensitivity and specificity of BMI as a predictor for detection of response was calculated under cut-off range. There was an increase in rates of death rates in the group of underweight patients than overweight group. In addition to Disseminated intravascular coagulation was more frequently observed in the underweight group as compared to the normal and overweight groups. BMI level cutoff > 26.4 the sensitivity was 75 % and specificity was 66.67 % and Sensitivity and specificity of BMI as a predictor for detection of primary induction failure was calculated with cut-off range ≤28.7, the sensitivity was 83.33% and specificity was 49.02%. and specificity of BMI as a predictor for detection of death was calculated ≤ 26.6, the sensitivity was 90.91 % and specificity was 59.42 %. Conclusions: Evaluation of BMI in acute myeloid leukemia patients before starting chemotherapy is is a respectable prognostic markers in assuming consequences in adult patients on induction chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are more likely than the general population to contract the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Due to the possibility of developing cardiovascular disease and liver fibrosis, HCV hemodialysis patients' survival rates are lower than those without HCV. Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis by biochemical indicators such as serum hyaluronic acid and the evaluation of liver stiffness fibroscan can be used to evaluate the severity of fibrosis. Aim: To evaluate the role of fibro scan and hyaluronic acid (HA) for the detection of hepatic fibrosis in HD individuals who have HCV. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study on HD children receiving regular hemodialysis was conducted in the Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit of Children Hospital, and Clinical Pathology Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. 54 patients were split into: Group 1: Hepatitis C individuals with HD make-up and Group 2: HD patients without hepatitis C. Serum hyaluronic acid and fibroscan were done. Results: Regarding serum hyaluronic acid, there is no statistically significant difference between the HD patient groups that were HCV positive and those that were HCV negative. There is a statistically significant correlation between serum hyaluronic acid and the degree of liver fibrosis, when performing a PAIRWISE comparison, F2 and F0 show a considerable difference. Conclusion: Fibroscan is a good noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in HD patients with HCV. Despite the study's small sa mple size, serum hyaluronic acid and the degree of liver fibrosis determined by fibroscan are significantly correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by abnormal fat metabolism in the liver due to nonalcoholic causes. Adropin is a peptide hormone with an essential role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Methods: 42 male rats were divided into 2 groups, each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups: group Ia: control 4 weeks; group Ib: high fat diet (HFD) 4 weeks, group Ic: HFD 4 weeks +exercise; group IIa: control 12 weeks, group IIb: HFD 12 weeks; and group IIc: HFD 12 weeks + exercise. Serum Adropin, glucose, HOMA-IR, insulin, lipid profile, ALT, AST, TNFα, IL6, hepatic ROS, MDA, and SOD were measured. Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical study, and Mallory's trichrome staining of the liver were performed. Results: significant increases in insulin resistance, lipid profile parameters, ALT, AST, TNFα, IL6, hepatic ROS, MDA, and a decrease in SOD were found in HFD groups. Histopathological examination revealed steatosis in group Ib and steatohepatitis in group IIb. These changes were associated with a decrease in serum adropin levels. Exercise in groups Ic and IIc improved these changes with a significant increase in adropin level. Conclusion: HFD induced functional and structural deterioration in the liver, leading to NAFLD with a significant decrease in serum adropin level. Exercise induced a significant increase in serum adropin, which may have a role in the remission of hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and steatohepatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study explores the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic fatigue among well-educated Egyptians measured in terms of their level of adherence toward COVID-19 protective measures along 20 months since the beginning of the pandemic. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2021, using an online questionnaire for well-educated Egyptians in different governorates. Results: A total of 888 participants completed the questionnaire, their mean age was 39 ± 7.2 years and 60% of them were females. There was a strong association between the presence of either behavioral risk factors or chronic conditions and % of infection. The main sources of COVID-19 information were social media, followed by the Egyptian Ministry of health and population and WHO websites. A pandemic fatigue was observed after nearly 7 to 10 months from the pandemic emergence. The participant's age, previous COVID-19 infection, and occupation status were significant predictors for adherence to COVID-19 protective measures. The participants claimed that difficulty in remaining at home, feeling uncomfortable with face masks, the high cost of protective supplies, absence of governmental enforcement, and forgetfulness are the most perceptive barriers hindering their adherence to COVID-19 protective measures. They suggested some strategies for better adherence and reduced pandemic fatigue that includes: the implementation of governmental enforcement measures, including penalties for nonwearing masks, educational health programs, and availability of free protective supplies at the workplace. Conclusions: Pandemic fatigue was observed after 7 to 10 months from the pandemic emergence even though the high education level of the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The study aims to identify the prevalence and risk factors for OSA in a group of Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods 125 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visited Mansoura University Hospital (Diabetes Mellitus Outpatient Clinic (OPC) at Specialized Medical Hospital and the Sleep Disordered Breathing Unit of the Chest Department), all of them exposed to history taking, the patients underwent anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, neck circumference), a test of their tonsillar size, Malampati score, Friedman OSA score, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Berlin questionnaire, STOP BANG questionnaire, full-night polysomnography, fasting, and postprandial blood sugar. Results The study included 125 T2DM Egyptian patients with a mean age of 54.63 ± 9.47 years. Males accounted for 35.2 percent of patients, while females accounted for 64.8%. According to the study of co-morbidity, hypertension constituted 77 (61.1%), ischemic heart disease 28 (22.4%), other cardiac diseases 11 (8.8%), bronchial asthma 6 (4.8%), liver diseases 6 (4.8%), hypothyroidism 3 (2.4%), and renal diseases 3 (2.4%). A total of seven patients (5.6%) had no OSA symptoms, 87 had borderline symptoms, and 31 had positive symptoms. There were 51 (40.8%) normal patients, 12 (9.6%) borderline patients, and 62 (49.6%) sleepy patients on the Epworth scale. According to the Stop-Bang questionnaire, 121 (96.8%) patients answered positively. It was determined that 122 patients (97.6%) were at high risk based on the Berlin questionnaire. There were 17 patients (13.6%) with OSA on polysomnography, of which six were moderate (35.3%) and 11 were severe (64.7%). Among moderate and severe OSA patients, glycosylated hemoglobin levels differed significantly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for independent predictors of OSA, chronic renal disease patients is the most common associated risk factor (OR = 14.3, CI = 1.2-67) then hypertension (OR = 5.6, CI=1.2-25.5) and heart failure (OR = 4.4). Conclusions OSA affects 13.6% patients with type 2 diabetes patients who are hypertensive are at higher risk of OSA, chronic renal failure is considered another risk factor Furthers studies are needed on a big scale of Egyptian diabetic patients to detect the prevalence of OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, can be classified into transudative and exudative effusion. A parapneumonic effusion is a pleural effusion that forms adjacent to pneumonia. Para pneumonic effusion can be subtyped into uncomplicated and complicated effusion. The aim of our work was to identify accuracy of pleural fluid lactate level to discriminate transudative from exudative effusion and uncomplicated from complicated parapneumonic effusion. Methods Thoracocentesis was done with subsequent evaluation of pleural fluid PH, protein, LDH, glucose and lactate. Also, gram stain, microbiological cultures, cytological examination was performed. Medical thoracoscopy was done whenever indicated. Results Our study included 52 males and 38 females with mean age 57.14 ± 11.69 years. Transudative effusions were detected in 22 patients (24.4%). Parapneumonic effusions accounted for 39 cases (43.3%), of these 23 cases were uncomplicated and 16 cases were complicated. The median pleural fluid lactate level in exudative effusion was significantly higher than transudative effusion (P value<0.001), in complicated parapneumonic effusion was significantly higher than uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (P value<0.001). Pleural fluid lactate cut-off value of 2.68 mmol/l or more yielded 97% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity for detection of exudative effusion (Auc 0.968). A cut of value of 6.22 mmol/l had 87.5% sensitivity, 91.3% specificity for detection of complicated parapneumonic effusion. (Auc 0.971). Conclusion The pleural fluid lactate level has a high accuracy to discriminate transudative from exudative pleural effusion and uncomplicated from complicated parapneumonic effusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of heart failure and has a poor prognosis. Addressing behavioral risk factors like obesity and overweight helps avoid most cardiovascular illnesses. The satiety hormone leptin reduces appetite and regulates energy. Aim of the study: Leptin levels in lean and obese patients with ischemic heart disease, with or without diastolic dysfunction, were compared. Methods and Patients: Between June 2019 and November 2020, 140 ischemic patients from Ain Shams University hospitals were included. History, examination, Duke Coronary Artery Disease score, Body Mass Index, serum leptin, and echocardiography were recorded. Patients were placed into four BMI and diastolic function groups plus the control group. A: lean ischemic patients without significant diastolic dysfunction, B: lean ischemic patients with diastolic dysfunction (II-IV), C: obese ischemic patients without significant diastolic dysfunction, Group D: obese ischemic patients with diastolic dysfunction, and E was a control group. Results: A positive correlation was seen between serum leptin and Duke score in all ischemia groups (n=140) (p<0.001). Serum leptin was higher in diastolic dysfunction groups (n=70) than in non-dysfunction groups (N=70) (Group B 25.7%, Group D 28.6% vs Group A 5.7%, Group C 8.6%, and Control Group (n=35) 0.0%). Conclusion: Leptin independently increases CAD risk. In CAD patients, elevated leptin was related to diastolic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal Spinal anesthesia frequently has side effects like hypotension and bradycardia during caesarean delivery. Maternal Spinal anesthesia frequently has side effects like hypotension and bradycardia during caesarean delivery. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate effect of prophylactic intravenous ondansetron on hemodynamic parameters in elective cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia. Patients and methods: A total of 80 patients with physical condition as defined by the ASA class II and ages ranging from 21 to 45 years old scheduled for surgery at Zagazig University's Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Hospitals; elective CS and Surgery were lasting no longer than 60 minutes. Patients in the control group (group C) got 10 ml of saline. Individuals in the ondansetron group (group O) received intravenously 4 mg of ondansetron diluted in 10 ml of saline five minutes before subarachnoid block. The following variables were measured throughout the course of the trial in both groups: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MAO), heart rate, oxygen saturation percentage, and intraoperative need for ephedrine. Moreover, any issues that arise throughout or following operation were recorded. Results: The frequency of hypotension in expectant women undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective caesarean delivery was significantly reduced, when prophylactic 4 mg ondansetron was administered. The use of vasopressors Ondansetron significantly decreased the incidence of hypertension. Systolic blood pressure was consistently higher and fewer vasopressor medications were used in the ondansetron group. Conclusion: Intravenous premedication with 4mg ondansetron can effectively reduce the drop in SBP, DBP, and MAP in expectant mothers scheduled for CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) worsens over time. Severe symptoms can be avoided with an early diagnosis. RA increases CRP-albumin ratio (CAR) as acute-phase reactants. Objective: To validate the CAR inflammatory impact in RA and how it correlates with disease activity indices and musculoskeletal ultrasonography. Methods: Seventy-five RA patients were involved in this cross-sectional research. 50 normal subjects were included as a control group. All participants were tested for CRP, albumin, and CAR. Disease activity indices "The Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ), and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI)?, and ultrasound, which was performed in both grayscale and power Doppler modes, were utilized to assess the patient's disease activity. Results: CAR in the RA group was 2.25 (0 -13) and 0.41 (0 - 0.9) among controls (p< 0.001). ESR, albumin, CRP, DAS-28, CDAI, and HAQ scores were all found to be correlated with CAR. In patients with active RA, CAR levels were considerably greater than in patients in remission (P< 0.001). Cases who had synovial thickening and power Doppler alterations had higher CAR (p<0.001). At a cut-off of (2.6), sensitivity was 79.1%, specificity was 72.3%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.77, as measured by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Conclusion: CAR is a measure that can be evaluated easily and affordably. CAR predicts disease activity among moderate to severely active RA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered the most frequent ovulatory disorder. PCOS often has a problem in (GnRH) release, with increase in the pituitary secretion of (LH) hormone and high LH/FSH ratio. Objective: The current study aimed at detecting the predictive level of LH/FSH ratio for the ovarian response, pregnancy and miscarriage rates in PCOS patients underwent mild ovarian stimulation. Patients and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included PCOS women aged from 20 to 37 years, with at least 1 year of infertility, and normal semen analysis. The exclusion criteria were pelvic surgery and/or pathology. Cycle day 2-5 Serum LH and FSH were measured. Transvaginal ultrasound was done on cycle day 2-3 to prove quiescent ovaries, letrozole (2.5-5mg) was started from day 2-3 for successive 5 days with/without HMG (75-150IU/d) then follicular tracking was done till 1-3 follicles reached =18 mm upon which ovulation trigger was given. Results: A total 63 infertile women were included in the study. The mean age was 24.81 (SD 2.83) years, the mean BMI 30.65 (SD 6.58) Kg/m2. Basal FSH, LH level, and LH/FSH ratio ranged from 1.9-11.9 mIu/ml, 2.34-21 mIu/ml and 0.37-4.63, respectively. ROC curve analysis showed LH/FSH ratio to be non-useful predictor of ovarian response, occurrence of pregnancy or miscarriage in PCOS patients underwent simple ovarian induction, AUC (0.51, 0.64 and 0.69 respectively). Conclusion: LH/FSH ratio seems to have no role in prediction of stimulated cycle outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hearing loss and cognitive impairment are postoperative complications which need more awareness by anaesthesiologists. We set out to investigate whether sevoflurane or propofol would have a negative impact on auditory function, attention, or auditory memory. This is a prospective randomized controlled study which was conducted on patients who were candidates for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia with either the sevoflurane or the propofol. All included participants were subjected to cognitive and auditory evaluation preoperative and 1 week after the operation. Cognitive assessment included: Paired Associate Learning test (PALT) and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Audiological assessment was done by measuring the auditory brainstem response (ABR). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in either age (p value = 0.537) or sex (p value = 0.175). In the propofol group, the postoperative values of LT ABR-I and III were significantly higher than the preoperative ones (p value < 0.001, 0.003), all the postoperative RT ABR waves were significantly higher than the preoperative ones (P < 0.05). In the sevoflurane group, the postoperative values for LTABR-I, III, III–V were significantly higher than the preoperative ones with p value (0.012, 0.008 and 0.009) and the postoperative values for RTABR-III, V, I–III, and III–V were significantly higher than preoperative values (P = 0.041, 0.029, 0.005 and < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the propofol and sevoflurane groups in all waves of ABR on both sides (P > 0.05). There was a significant worsening between pre- and postoperative PASAT scores in the propofol and sevoflurane groups, respectively, with p value (< 0.001) with no statistically significant difference between both groups (p value = 0.906). In addition, there was a significant worsening between pre- and postoperative PALT scores in the propofol group only (p value = 0.01) with a statistically significant difference between both groups (p value = 0.038). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant postoperative impairment in auditory function and attention following both the propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia with no significant difference between the two drugs. Whereas, the auditory memory was significantly impaired following the propofol only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae, as a diverse photosynthetic group of microorganisms with substantial ecological significance, have enormous potential for use in the food, medicine, and energy industries. However, current limitations in cost-effective production restrict their ubiquitous use. The purpose of this comprehensive mini-review is to investigate the impact of random mutagenesis techniques on microalgae and their biomolecule content, with the intention of improving the productivity and sustainability of cell factories for economically viable bioprocesses. Moreover, due to their simplicity and ease of cultivation in laboratory settings, microalgae serve as valuable model organisms for numerous scientific studies. This study investigates the effects of chemical and physical mutagens on microalgae in order to generate a heterogeneous microalgal population with advantageous traits such as increased lipids, proteins, and carotenoids, accelerated development, and enhanced nutrient absorption. This study findings will provide valuable insights into the manipulation of microalgae to increase biomolecule production and release their potential for a variety of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the incidence of the virulence genes among predominant Brucella strains in infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, and camels as well as in humans in Egypt, a total of 263 samples (85 milk, 167 tissue, 11 whole blood samples), yielded 140 (53.2%) Brucella isolates. Confirmation of Brucella isolates was carried out by conventional biotyping and by PCR using IR1/IR2 primers targeting Brucella genus showing an amplicon of 839 bp in all Brucella isolates. Conventional biotyping, as well as duplex PCR of the isolated non-repetitive Brucella strains, identified 107 (76.4 %) as B. melitensis with an amplicon of 731 bp and 33 (23.6%) as B. abortus with an amplicon of 498 bp. Out of 87 Brucella strains isolated from cattle, 63 (72.4%) were B. melitensis. No Brucella isolates were obtained from 7 lymph nodes of camels or 11 human blood samples; however, DNA extraction from 7 human sera and 3 camel lymph nodes gave positive PCR yield. All these samples gave PCR products indicating infection with B. melitensis. The distribution of the virulence genes among 33 B. abortus isolates revealed that virB recorded the highest incidence (97%), then followed bvfA, ure, and omp25 (93.9%), wbkA (90.9%), manB (87.9%) and amiC (84.8%). All 107 B. melitensis isolates had the bvfA, virB, and omp25 genes, while the prevalence of ure was 99.1%, that of wbkA: 96.3%, manB: 95.3% and amiC: 94.4%. The obtained results indicated the high incidence of virulence genes among field Brucella strains among farm animals in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acrylamide (AA) became an urgent public health interest as it is commonly consumed in fast food cooked at high temperatures. Various health organizations recommend stoppage of its use in certain food due to its health hazards. Aim of the Work: To investigate the effect of abrupt and gradual withdrawal of acrylamide on its destructive impact on the hepatic and renal cortical tissues. Materials and Methods: Rats were classified into 4 groups 10 rats in every group. The control group (group I). The acrylamide group (group II): Acrylamide was orally administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks. The abrupt withdrawal group (group III): Acrylamide was given by the same route as group II for 3 weeks, then abruptly stopped in the following 3 weeks. The gradual withdrawal group (group IV): Acrylamide was given by the same route as group II for 3 weeks then the acrylamide was gradually withdrawn in the following three weeks. Liver and renal cortical tissues were taken and used for histological (H&E, PAS and Masson stain), immunohistochemical (PCNA, caspase 3 and alpha SMA) and morphometric studies. Results: The histological examination of the liver and renal cortical tissue section of groups II and IV revealed marked destruction of their architecture. On the other hand, group III showed marked improvement. Conclusion: The usage of AA caused deleterious effects in liver and renal cortical tissues mainly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Stopping AA administration showed marked improvement in the histology of liver and renal tissue if compare with the its gradual withdrawal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Migraine attacks are reported to be severe enough to affect daily living events and can affect different age groups including early childhood. Chronic migraine is usually associated with several comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, fibromyalgia, and fatigue. The existence of a bidirectional relationship between sleep and migraine is documented. This study aims at assessing the relationship between serum melatonin, sleep quality, and both migraine and migraine severity. This case–control study was executed on 70 patients and 70 healthy controls. Serum melatonin was assessed in morning and evening blood samples. Patients underwent a thorough clinical examination, assessing migraine severity using the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale and the sleep quality of both groups was evaluated using the sleep quality scale. Results: Serum melatonin levels were significantly reduced among migraine patients in both morning and evening samples. Sleep quality was significantly impaired in migraine patients. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between melatonin in both samples and both of frequency of attack and migraine disability. Positive family history, presence of aura and chronic migraine had significantly lower melatonin in both samples compared to those without aura was associated with significantly lower melatonin. Sleep quality was negatively correlated with serum melatonin, and positively correlated with migraine severity and frequency. Conclusion: Serum melatonin is significantly reduced among migraineurs, and linked to migraine severity; they also had impaired sleep quality so melatonin administration may represent a chance for improving headache characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a noteworthy complication of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia. The aim of this work was to compare the effect of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia using nitroglycerine versus phentolamine on event-related potentials and cognitive function in patients undergoing septoplasty surgery. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 patients indicated for septoplasty under general anesthesia; 40 patients received intra-operative Nitroglycerine and 40 patients received intra-operative Phentolamine. Cognitive assessment (using Paired Associate Learning test (PALT) and Benton Visual Retention test (BVRT)) and P300 recording were done for all included patients pre-operatively and one week postoperatively. Results: The scores of PALT and Benton BVRT significantly declined one week following surgery in both Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups. There was no statistically significant difference between Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups in the postoperative decline in either PALT or BVRT (P-value = 0.342, 0.662 respectively). The values of P300 latency showed a significant delay one week following surgery in both Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups (P-value ≤ 0.001, 0.001), but in Nitroglycerine group, the delay is significantly higher than in Phentolamine group (P-value = 0.003). The values of P300 amplitude significantly decreased one week following surgery in both Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups (P-value ≤ 0.001, 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups (P-value = 0.099). Conclusion: Phentolamine is preferred over nitroglycerin in deliberate hypotensive anesthesia because it has less harmful effect on cognitive function than nitroglycerin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigated the effectiveness of the strength of axial flow and suction/injection for the viscous mode (type II) instability within the boundary layer of a rotating disk. To investigate the lower branch, we scaled the viscous mode by using a familiar triple-deck structure analogous to that which was found for Blasius flow over a flat plate. We also analyzed the linear stability behavior of high-Reynolds laminar-turbulent transition. To describe the stationary type II wavenumber and waveangle, we conducted an asymptotic analysis followed by a comparison with the type I mode. We found that a positive axial flow had a stabilizing effect and vice versa a negative axial flow exhibited a destabilizing effect. The results were consistent with previous studies in the literature for positive axial flow, as disturbances were advected downstream in the radial direction. Regarding the suction/injection study, we found suction to be stabilizing, which aligns with previous results in the literature although, conversely, the injection was found to be destabilizing. For the numerical analysis, we found that parameters which result in an increase or decrease of the critical Reynolds number led to a stabilization or destabilization of the flow, respectively. Finally, we compared the asymptotic and numerical stability results for both types I and II followed by the critical Reynolds numbers comparisons, which were found to be consistent in general with results in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]