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This paper is concerned with the new types of entire solutions other than traveling wave solutions of nonlocal dispersal equations with monostable nonlinearity in space periodic habitats. We first establish the existence and properties of spatially periodic solutions connecting two steady states. Then new types of entire solutions are constructed by combining the rightward and leftward pulsating traveling fronts with different speeds and a spatially periodic solution. Finally, for a class of special heterogeneous reaction, we further establish the uniqueness of entire solutions and the continuous dependence of such an entire solution on parameters, such as wave speeds and the shifted variables. In other words, we build a five-dimensional manifold of solutions and the traveling wave solutions are on the boundary of the manifold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently an all-metal aromatic sandwich compound of a [Sb3Au3Sb3]3− ion has been synthesized and characterized experimentally, which indicates that there might exist a variety of stable all-metal sandwich complexes. The intralayer and interlayer chemical bonding interaction in this system plays significant roles in their stability, chemical properties and functionalities. Here we report a systematic theoretical study on the geometries, electronic structures, and chemical bonding of the [Sb3Au3Sb3]3− ion and its congeners of [X3Au3X3]3− (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Uup) as well as [X3M3X3]3− (M, X = Cu, As; Ag, Bi; Au, Sb; Rg, Uup) to understand the special stabilities of these species. Additional studies are also performed on the oligomers [Sb3(Au3Sb3)n]3− (n = 1–4) to explore whether the sandwich compound can form stable extended systems. Through extensive theoretical analyses, we have shown that among the [Au3X6]3− (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Uup) species, [Sb3Au3Sb3]3− is most stable due to superb matching of Sb3 and Au3 in both geometric size and fragment orbital energies. The significant stability of the [Au3Sb6]3− ion is determined by the interlayer (p-d-p)σ interactions between the vertical Au 5d6s hybrid orbitals of Au3 and Sb 5pπ orbitals of the Sb3 rings. Each Sb3 ring demonstrates unique σ aromaticity, which remains when the complex is extended to oligomers. The results suggest that it is likely that there might exist other stable [ApMpAp]x− (M = transition metals, A = main group elements, p = 3, 4, 5, …) sandwich ions and oligomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Xiaoer Chaigui Tuire Oral Liquid (XCTOL) is a popular Chinese herbal formula. It is used to treat exogenous fever in children by inducing diaphoresis and clearing interior heat. Aim of the study To evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of XCTOL in mice and rats, respectively. Materials and methods In the acute toxicity study, mice were orally administered 100 g/kg body weight XCTOL three times a day. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were recorded for 14 days after treatment. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, rats were orally administered 0, 20 or 80 g/kg XCTOL for 30 days. The rats were observed daily for clinical signs and mortality. Body weight changes were measured every three days, and relative organ weights, hematological parameters, urinalysis results, biochemical parameters and pathology were monitored at the end of treatment. After treatment, a 30-day withdrawal study was conducted. Results In the acute toxicity study, after the mice were administered with 300 g/kg (3×100 g/kg) XCTOL in the first day, no adverse effects or death were observed in the following 14 days. In the 30-day sub-chronic toxicity study, daily oral administration of 80 g/kg XCTOL resulted in significant body weight loss in both male and female rats. In the male rats, the red blood cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD) and red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variability (RDW-CV) in the hematological test and total bilirubin (T-Bil) in the blood biochemistry test were significantly increased (RDW-SD, p <0.01; RDW-CV and T-Bil, p <0.05 vs. the control group). In the female rats, the specific gravity of the urinalysis was significantly increased ( p <0.05 vs. the control group). Pathological damage was not observed in the main organs in the 80 g/kg group. In the 20 g/kg group, the lymphocyte % (LYM%) was significantly increased ( p <0.05 the control group) in the female rats. Conclusions The maximum-tolerated dose of XCTOL was greater than 300 g/kg in mice. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level was between 20 and 80 g/kg body weight for 30 days in rats, which is 2.2–8.8 times higher, respectively, than the dose that has already been used in the clinical practice. Therefore, XCTOL at a dose less than 300 g/kg in one day or 20 g/kg per day for 30 days is considered safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through using in-situ electron back-scattered diffraction and uniaxial tensile tests, this work mainly focuses on the deformation behavior of retained austenite (RA) in a low-carbon quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel. In this paper, three different types of RA can be distinguished from different locations, respectively, RA grains at the triple edges, twinned austenite and RA grains positioned between martensite. The results have shown that grains at the triple edges and twinned austenite could transform easily with increasing strain, i.e. are less stable when compared with RA grains distributed between martensite that could resist a larger plastic deformation. Meanwhile, the strain leads to rotations of RA grains distributed at the triple edges and between martensite. Moreover, RA grains with a similar orientation undergone similar rotations with the same true strain. These RA grains rotated along a specific slip plane and slip direction and the grain rotation is taken as a significant factor to improve the ductility of steel. In addition, grain sizes of RA decreased gradually with an increase of true strain and smaller (0–0.2 μm) grains were more capable of resisting the deformation. According to kernel average misorientation (KAM) analysis, it can be found that strain distribution is preferentially localized near martensite–austenite phase boundaries and in the interior of martensite. The average KAM values increased continuously with increasing true strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) were reported to have therapeutic potential in degenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the effects of BMSC-Exos on inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization, reducing excessive nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) apoptosis, and inhibiting ECM degradation during intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Rat IDD models were established by acupuncture. For the co-culture experiment, we used BMSC-Exo or human monocyte leukemia (THP-1) medium to incubate THP-1 or NPCs, respectively. BMSC-Exo was isolated from the BMSC medium, identified by TEM and NTA, and injected into the intervertebral discs of IDD rats. The macrophage infiltration in intervertebral disc tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. ELISA was used to measure the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. The ECM degradation was analyzed by Western blot. The cell proportion and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The morphological change of the intervertebral disc was analyzed by HE and safranin O fixation staining. In intervertebral disc tissues of IDD rats, we found the increased infiltration of M1 macrophages, with upregulated iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Compared with BMSCs, the expression of CAHM in BMSC-Exo was significantly higher. Using co-cultured experiments, we proved that BMSC-Exo reduced apoptosis and ECM degradation of NPCs by inhibiting M1-type macrophage polarization by delivering CAHM. In addition, BMSC-Exo could improve IDD in vivo, including increased proteoglycan content, reduced macrophage infiltration and ECM degradation, and decrease expression of inflammatory factors by delivering CAHM. In conclusion, BMSC-Exo delivered exogenous CAHM via exosomes to regulate macrophage polarization and ameliorate IDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern agricultural practice, the land use pattern has been changing due to economic reasons and related policies, which significantly affects the basic physical and chemical properties of soils, thereby influencing the speciation and distribution of heavy metals (HMs) in soils. In this study, we selected three typical types of land use patterns (vegetable field, paddy field and forest field) in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, to analyze the content and distribution of HMs, screen the sensitive physicochemical properties, and predict the phytoavailability of HMs under different land use patterns with the multi-surface model (MSM). The forest field had relatively lower levels of labile and free HM ions than both paddy and vegetable fields, which may be attributed to the lower HM content in forest field. The modeling results revealed that organic matter (OM) is the primary carrier of HMs, accounting for 0.19%–97.92% of labile HMs. The sensitivity of soil physicochemical properties to free HM ions followed the order of pH > SOM > goethite > clay. Besides, the conversion of paddy field into vegetable or forest field increased the environmental risk of HMs. Our results may help better decision making in agricultural restructuring to reduce the risk of HM-contaminated soils, as well as give a demonstration for the application of the MSM in predicting the phytoavailability of HMs as a powerful technique. [Display omitted] • Free heavy metals on three land use patterns were studied by multi-surface model. • The sensitive physicochemical properties of soil were screened. • Forest field was found to have lower levels of labile and free heavy metals ions. • Conversion of paddy field into other fields increased the environmental risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hollow RuCu nanospheres as SERS substrates are first synthesized. • Lowest detection concentration of Sudan I is down to 0.1 mg/L. • Three illegal food additives at ultralow concentrations are examined. In this work, hollow ruthenium-cooper (RuCu) bimetallic nanospheres were synthesized via a facile galvanic replacement reaction with cobalt nanoparticles as a sacrificial template. The well-defined hollow nanospheres exhibit excellent SERS activity towards the detection of Sudan I at the lowest concentration of 0.1 mg/L with a relative standard deviation around 10%. Following, satisfactory determination of prohibited colorants acid orange II, rhodamine B, and malachite green was achieved with the RuCu SERS substrate. This study demonstrates a novel and cost-effective SERS substrate for efficient detection of illegal food additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myometrial contraction is stringently controlled throughout pregnancy and parturition. Progesterone signaling, effecting through the progesterone receptor (PR), is pivotal in modulating uterine activity. Evidence has shown that two major PR isoforms, PR-A and PR-B, have distinct activities on gene regulation, and the ratio between these isoforms determines the contractility of the myometrium at different gestational stages. Herein, we focus on the regulation of PR activity in the myometrium, especially the differential actions of the two PR isoforms, which maintain uterine quiescence during pregnancy and regulate the switch to a contractile state at the onset of labor. To demonstrate the PR regulatory network and its mechanisms of actions on myometrial activity, we summarized the findings into three parts: Regulation of PR Expression and Isoform Levels, Progesterone Receptor Interacting Factors, and Biological Processes Regulated by Myometrial Progesterone Receptor Isoforms. Recent genomic and epigenomic data, from human specimens and mouse models, are recruited to support the existing knowledge and offer new insights and future directions in myometrial biology. • Progesterone via the progesterone receptor (PR) controls uterine contractions. • PR isoforms and cofactors together permit a wide spectrum of progesterone actions. • Isoform-specific protein levels and modifications contribute to overall PR activities. • Myometrial PR-A and PR-B confer divergent cellular actions via unique target genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correction: Sperm associated antigen 9 promotes oncogenic KSHV-encoded interferon regulatory factor-induced cellular transformation and angiogenesis by activating the JNK/VEGFA pathway In Fig 1D, the incorrect image is included for the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of LANA in normal skin. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of KSHV LANA, SPAG9 in normal skin, skin KS of patient #1 (Skin KS1), patient #2 (Skin KS2), and patient #3 (Skin KS3). [Extracted from the article]

Correction to: Arch Rational Mech Anal https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-021-01711-x In this article the affiliation "School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China" for Author Zhi-Cheng Wang was missing. Furthermore, in the footnote of the first page of this article the grant number relating to the National Natural Science Foundation of China given for Zhi-Cheng Wang was incorrectly given as 11371179 and should have been 12071193. The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-021-01711-x. [Extracted from the article]

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic lung disorder characterized by the presence of scarred and thickened lung tissues. Although the Food and Drug Administration approved two antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone, and nintedanib, that are currently utilized for treating idiopathic PF (IPF), the clinical therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory. It is crucial to develop new drugs or treatment schemes that combine pirfenidone or nintedanib to achieve more effective outcomes for PF patients. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying PF could potentially facilitate drug discovery. Previous studies have found that the activation of inflammasomes, including nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein (NLRP)1, NLRP3, NOD-like receptor C4, and absent in melanoma (AIM)2, contributes to lung inflammation and fibrosis. This article aims to summarize the cellular and molecular regulatory cues that contribute to PF with a particular emphasis on the role of AIM2 inflammasome in mediating pathophysiologic events during PF development. The insights gained from this research may pave the way for the development of more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of PF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

City planners are increasingly captivated by the possibilities of transforming urban spatial structures as an important strategy for reducing heat island intensity. This study addresses the mixed findings of polycentric urban spatial structures on surface urban heat island intensity, using a multiple regression method and pathway analysis for the city region and city proper in China. We found that the polycentric spatial structure can reduce the surface urban heat island intensity at the scale of both the city region and city proper, although the reduction was economically insignificant at the city region scale. Path analysis explained the reduction in surface urban heat island intensity in the city proper: polycentric structures disperse industrial firms to the "rural" areas and centralizes green spaces in the "urban" areas. Our findings may serve as references for policymakers when optimizing urban spatial structures to improve the thermal environment. • The polycentric structure can reduce the surface urban heat island intensity. • The polycentric structure disperses industrial firms to the suburbs. • The polycentric structure centralizes green spaces into the downtown area. • The polycentric city proper has a lower surface urban heat island intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuning the activity of radicals is crucial for radical reactions and radical-based materials. Herein, we report a supramolecular strategy to accelerate the Fenton reaction through the construction of supramolecularly activated radical cations. As a proof of the concept, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) was introduced, through host-guest interactions, onto each side of a derivative of 1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4- c]pyrrole (DPP), a model dye for Fenton oxidation. The DPP radical cation, the key intermediate in the oxidation process, was activated by the electrostatically negative carbonyl groups of CB[7]. The activation induced a drastic decrease in the apparent activation energy and greatly increased the reaction rate. This facile supramolecular strategy is a promising method for promoting radical reactions. It may also open up a new route for the catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants for water purification and widen the realm of supramolecular catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuning the activity of radicals is crucial for radical reactions and radical-based materials. Herein, we report a supramolecular strategy to accelerate the Fenton reaction through the construction of supramolecularly activated radical cations. As a proof of the concept, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) was introduced, through host-guest interactions, onto each side of a derivative of 1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4- c]pyrrole (DPP), a model dye for Fenton oxidation. The DPP radical cation, the key intermediate in the oxidation process, was activated by the electrostatically negative carbonyl groups of CB[7]. The activation induced a drastic decrease in the apparent activation energy and greatly increased the reaction rate. This facile supramolecular strategy is a promising method for promoting radical reactions. It may also open up a new route for the catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants for water purification and widen the realm of supramolecular catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolayer-boron (borophene) has been predicted with various atomic arrangements consisting of a triangular boron lattice with hexagonal vacancies. Its viability was confirmed by the observation of a planar hexagonal B36 cluster with a central six-membered ring. Here we report a planar boron cluster doped with a transition-metal atom in the boron network (CoB18−), suggesting the prospect of forming stable hetero-borophenes. The CoB18− cluster was characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations, showing that its most stable structure is planar with the Co atom as an integral part of a triangular boron lattice. Chemical bonding analyses show that the planar CoB18− is aromatic with ten π-electrons and the Co atom has strong covalent interactions with the surrounding boron atoms. The current result suggests that transition metals can be doped into the planes of borophenes to create metallo-borophenes, opening vast opportunities to design hetero-borophenes with tunable chemical, magnetic, and optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolayer-boron (borophene) has been predicted with various atomic arrangements consisting of a triangular boron lattice with hexagonal vacancies. Its viability was confirmed by the observation of a planar hexagonal B36 cluster with a central six-membered ring. Here we report a planar boron cluster doped with a transition-metal atom in the boron network (CoB18−), suggesting the prospect of forming stable hetero-borophenes. The CoB18− cluster was characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations, showing that its most stable structure is planar with the Co atom as an integral part of a triangular boron lattice. Chemical bonding analyses show that the planar CoB18− is aromatic with ten π-electrons and the Co atom has strong covalent interactions with the surrounding boron atoms. The current result suggests that transition metals can be doped into the planes of borophenes to create metallo-borophenes, opening vast opportunities to design hetero-borophenes with tunable chemical, magnetic, and optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with space periodic traveling wave solutions of the following Lotka–Volterra competition system with nonlocal dispersal and space periodic dependence, { ∂ u 1 ∂ t = ∫ R N κ ( y − x ) u 1 ( t , y ) d y − u 1 ( t , x ) + u 1 ( a 1 ( x ) − b 1 ( x ) u 1 − c 1 ( x ) u 1 ) , x ∈ R N ∂ u 2 ∂ t = ∫ R N κ ( y − x ) u 2 ( t , y ) d y − u 2 ( t , x ) + u 2 ( a 2 ( x ) − b 2 ( x ) u 1 − c 2 ( x ) u 2 ) , x ∈ R N . Under suitable assumptions, the system admits two semitrivial space periodic equilibria ( u 1 ⁎ ( x ) , 0 ) and ( 0 , u 2 ⁎ ( x ) ) , where ( u 1 ⁎ ( x ) , 0 ) is linearly and globally stable and ( 0 , u 2 ⁎ ( x ) ) is linearly unstable with respect to space periodic perturbations. By sub- and supersolution techniques and comparison principals, we show that, for any given ξ ∈ S N − 1 , there exists a continuous periodic traveling wave solution of the form ( u 1 ( t , x ) , u 2 ( t , x ) ) = ( Φ 1 ( x − c t ξ , c t ξ ) , Φ 2 ( x − c t ξ , c t ξ ) ) connecting ( u 1 ⁎ ( ⋅ ) , 0 ) and ( 0 , u 2 ⁎ ( ⋅ ) ) and propagating in the direction of ξ with speed c > c ⁎ ( ξ ) , where c ⁎ ( ξ ) is the spreading speed of the system in the direction of ξ . Moreover, for c < c ⁎ ( ξ ) there is no such solution. When the wave speed c > c ⁎ ( ξ ) , we also prove the asymptotic stability and uniqueness of traveling wave solution using squeezing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a dynamic traffic signal timing optimization strategy (DTSTOS) based on various vehicle fuel consumption and dynamic characteristics to minimize the combined total energy consumption and traffic delay for vehicles passing through an intersection. With increasing penetration of new vehicle types and configurations, vehicle fuel consumption characteristics have become rather diversified and dynamic and need to be explicitly incorporated in the traffic light timing control to reduce total energy consumption and traffic delay. Through vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, information and states of individual vehicles around an intersection can be made available to the traffic light controller to produce optimal traffic light timing. Unified and control-oriented speed-type fuel consumption models for various types of vehicles in conjunction with a simplified traffic model are employed to conduct real-time traffic light timing control optimization using an iterative grid search (IGS) method. The effectiveness of the DTSTOS was evaluated and demonstrated with a traffic simulator in VISSIM with various traffic flows and vehicle types. The proposed timing plan was compared with Synchro, and consistent results were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new two-dimensional conjugated copolymers (named r - PTTDPP50 and r - PTTDPP75) consisting of a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivative, thiophene with a conjugated side chain, and 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene were designed and synthesized via Stille cross-coupling reactions for use in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs); the feed-in ratios were varied to obtain the copolymers. It was found that the content of DPP units in the copolymer main chain significantly affected the molecular weight, absorption range, electronic energy level, and morphology of thin films of the copolymers. In the thin-film state, both copolymers exhibited a broad absorption band with two obvious peaks and a vibronic shoulder, as well as an absorption edge for wavelengths of up to 1000 nm. The vibronic shoulder in the absorption spectrum of r - PTTDPP75 was more intense than that in the spectrum of r - PTTDPP50, owing to the presence of a greater number of coplanar DPP units in the former. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels for r - PTTDPP50 and r - PTTDPP75 were −5.16 and −5.19 eV, respectively, while their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels were −3.89 and −3.99 eV, respectively. On increasing the number of electron-deficient DPP segments in r - PTTDPP75 , the LUMO energy level was lowered. Further, its HOMO energy level was also affected. BHJ PSCs composed of the electron-donor copolymers blended with an electron acceptor, namely [6,6],-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) or [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM), in 1:2 wt ratio were fabricated and characterized. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the r - PTTDPP50 / PC 71 BM-based (w/w = 1:2) PSC reached 2.32% for an open-circuit voltage of 0.632 V, short-circuit current of 9.81 mA/cm 2 , and fill factor of 37.4%, under the illumination of AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm 2 ). Ternary blend BHJ solar cells formed by doping r - PTTDPP50 into the common binary blend of P3HT and PC 61 BM were also investigated. The optimized r - PTTDPP50 :P3HT:PC 61 BM device exhibited a PCE of 3.85%, which was significantly higher than that of the P3HT:PC 61 BM device (2.97%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted six-membered lactones was developed. Enantioselective construction of quaternary carbon centers by utilizing Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation proved its feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutathione–Ag (GSH–Ag) supramolecular hydrogels have almost no mechanical strength, and the disassembly of GSH–Ag complexes occurs very easily under UV irradiation. In this work, low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to reinforce GSH–Ag gels. The phase transition temperature of GSH–Ag gels can be increased from 45 to 60 °C in the presence of only 0.8 wt% of PVA. Rheological studies indicated that the storage modulus of reinforced GSH–Ag gels was 6 times higher than that of unreinforced gels. SEM studies revealed that the macromolecular chains of PVA are intertwined with the GSH–Ag aggregates, leading to an increase of mechanical strength. The TEM studies and UV-vis spectra indicated that Ag+ within the GSH–Ag gels was in situ reduced to form Ag nanoparticles under UV irradiation. Meanwhile, gradual disassembly of GSH–Ag hydrogels can be induced through controlling the time of UV irradiation. Based on this feature, the controllable release of a loaded model drug (crystal violet) and Ag species can be realized from the reinforced GSH–Ag gels. The release media show a good inhibition effect on E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a gammaherpesvirus etiologically associated with KS, a highly disseminated angiogenic tumor of hyperproliferative spindle endothelial cells. KSHV encodes 25 mature microRNAs but their roles in KSHV-induced tumor dissemination and angiogenesis remain unknown. Here, we investigated KSHV-encoded miR-K12-6-3p (miR-K6-3p) promotion of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, which are the underlying mechanisms of tumor dissemination and angiogenesis. We found that ectopic expression of miR-K6-3p promoted endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Mass spectrometry, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analyses revealed that miR-K6-3p directly targeted sequence in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein (SH3BGR). Overexpression of SH3BGR reversed miR-K6-3p induction of cell migration and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, miR-K6-3p downregulated SH3BGR, hence relieved STAT3 from SH3BGR direct binding and inhibition, which was required for miR-K6-3p maximum activation of STAT3 and induction of cell migration and angiogenesis. Finally, deletion of miR-K6 from the KSHV genome abrogated its effect on the SH3BGR/STAT3 pathway, and KSHV-induced migration and angiogenesis. Our results illustrated that, by inhibiting SH3BGR, miR-K6-3p enhances cell migration and angiogenesis by activating the STAT3 pathway, and thus contributes to the dissemination and angiogenesis of KSHV-induced malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the genes involved in venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence is important not only for understanding the pathogenesis but also for discovering the therapeutic targets. We proposed a novel prioritization method called Function-Interaction-Pearson (FIP) by creating gene-disease similarity scores to prioritize candidate genes underling VTE. The scores were calculated by integrating and optimizing three types of resources including gene expression, gene ontology and protein-protein interaction. As a result, 124 out of top 200 prioritized candidate genes had been confirmed in literature, among which there were 34 antithrombotic drug targets. Compared with two well-known gene prioritization tools Endeavour and ToppNet, FIP was shown to have better performance. The approach provides a valuable alternative for drug targets discovery and disease therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we report for the first time the formation of a dominant Dillamore orientation in a multilayered high-purity aluminum (99.99 %) subjected to an ultra-high von Mises strain of 11.2 by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). This multilayered aluminum with an average layer thickness of 180 nm was produced from an original aluminum sheet thickness of 100 μm. Microstructure and texture evolutions during ARB processes were investigated in detail and the formation of a dominant orientation is explained. The grain boundary spacing was observed to reduce with increasing number of ARB cycles. However, after 8 ARB cycles, the average grain boundary spacing was measured to be larger than the theoretical layer thickness. Also, a single and strong Cu orientation formed after an intermediate number (8-12) of ARB cycles, which rotated to a dominant Dillamore orientation with further ARB cycles. This is rationalized on the basis of three mechanisms: First, a homogeneous deformation causing lamella structure formation; second, the enhanced dynamic recovery of this pure aluminum through the movement of Y-type triple junction boundaries, resulting in grain coarsening; and third, the coarsening process eliminating the original few and small Brass and S lamellae and simultaneously enhancing the Cu and Dillamore orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survivin has a known beneficial role in the survival of both cancer cells and normal cells. Therapies targeting survivin have been proposed as an alternative treatment modality for various tumors; however, finding the proper indication for this toxic therapy is critical for reducing unavoidable side effects. We recently observed that high survivin expression in CD133 + cells is related to chemoresistance in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. However, the effect of survivin-targeted therapy on CD133 + colon cancer is unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of CD133 and survivin expression in colon cancer biology in vitro and comparatively analyzed the anticancer effects of survivin inhibitor on CD133 + cells (ctrl-siRNA group) and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced CD133 − cells (CD133-siRNA group) obtained from a single colon cancer cell line. CD133 knockdown via siRNA transfection did not change the tumorigenicity of cells, although in vitro survivin expression levels in CD133 + cells were higher than those in siRNA-induced CD133 − cells. The transfection procedure seemed to induce survivin expression. Notably, a significant number of CD133 − cells (33.8%) was found in the cell colonies of the CD133-siRNA group. In the cell proliferation assay after treatment, YM155 and a combination of YM155 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) proved to be far more effective than 5-FU alone. A significantly increased level of apoptosis was observed with increasing doses of YM155 in all groups. However, significant differences in therapeutic effect and apoptosis among the mock, ctrl-siRNA, and CD133-siRNA groups were not detected. Survivin inhibitor is an effective treatment modality for colon cancer; however, the role of CD133 and the use of survivin expression as a biomarker for this targeted therapy must be verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously reported that SIRT1, an NAD-dependent deacetylase belonging to the class III histone deacetylases, enhances hepatitis virus B (HBV) replication by targeting the transcription factor AP-1. However, the potential antiviral effects of nicotinamide, a SIRT1 inhibitor, have not yet been explored. In this study, we show that nicotinamide exhibits potent anti-HBV activity with little cytotoxicity. Nicotinamide suppressed both HBV DNA replicative intermediates and 3.5-kb mRNA expression. Moreover, nicotinamide treatment also suppressed core protein expression and the secretion of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in HBV-expressing cell models. Importantly, nicotinamide treatment suppressed serum HBV DNA, HBsAg and HBeAg levels and liver HBV DNA in HBV-transgenic mice. Furthermore, using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, it was found that nicotinamide exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the HBV core, SpI, SpII and X promoters, accompanied by decreased expression of the transcription factors AP-1, C/EBPα and PPARα. Therefore, nicotinamide suppresses HBV replication in vitro and in vivo by diminishing HBV promoter activity. This study highlights the potential application of nicotinamide in HBV therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the existence of fast traveling waves connecting an equilibrium and a periodic orbit in a delayed population model with stage structure on a two-dimensional spatial lattice, under the assumption that the corresponding ODEs have heteroclinic orbits connecting an equilibrium point and a periodic solution. In this work, we rewrite the mixed functional differential equation as an integral equation in a Banach space and analyze the corresponding linear operator. Our approach eventually reduces a singular perturbation problem to a regular perturbation problem. The existence of traveling wave solution therefore is obtained by using the Liapunov-Schmidt method and implicit function theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with entire solutions of a nonlocal dispersal epidemic model. Unlike local (random) dispersal problems, a nonlocal dispersal operator is not compact and the solutions of nonlocal dispersal system studied here lack regularity in suitable spaces, which affects the uniform convergence of the solution sequences and the technique details in constructing the entire solutions. In the monostable case, some new types of entire solutions are constructed by combining leftward and rightward traveling fronts with different speeds and a spatially independent solution. In the bistable case, the existence of many different entire solutions with merging fronts are proved by constructing different sub- and super-solutions. Various qualitative features of the entire solutions are also investigated. A key idea is to characterize the asymptotic behaviors of the traveling wave solutions at infinite in terms of appropriate sub- and super-solutions. Finally, we also obtain the smoothness of the entire solutions in space, i.e., the solutions established in our paper are global Lipschitz continuous in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The O/N-functionalized NHC precursors 1-[RNHC(O)CH2]-3-[2-OH-3,5-tBu2-(C6H2)CH2]-imidazolium bromide, [H3(1a-f)]Br (a: R = 2,6-iPr2-(C6H3); b: R = 2,4,6-Me3-(C6H2); c: R = 2,6-Me2-(C6H3); d: R = 4-Me-(C6H4); e: R = 4-Cl-(C6H4); f: R = tBu), have been synthesized and characterized. Reactions between the aryloxy/amido-NHC precursors [H3(1a-e)]Br and Ag2O resulted in the NHC rearrangement to compounds [2-OH-3,5-(tBu)2-(C6H2)CH2][R]NC(O)-CH2-(C3N2H3) (4a-e) in 68-89% yield. The preliminary study suggested that, after deprotonation, the o-quinone methide (o-QM) intermediate was in situ generated by the C-N cleavage and proton transfer of the resultant aryloxybenzyl NHCs, followed by the nucleophilic attack of o-QM to the nitrogen atom of the amido group. Treatment of salicylaldimine-functionalized NHC precursor 1-iPr-3-[2-HO-C6H2-3,5-tBu2-C(H)═N-CH2CH2]-imidazolium bromide, [H2(2)]Br, with sodium hydride and group 4 metal sources MCl4(THF)2 (M = Ti, Zr) step by step afforded rare zwitterionic complexes [M(13)Cl4] (M = Ti, 10; Zr, 11) in 50-53% yield. The formation of phenolate-amine 13 was attributed to the nucleophilic addition of the formed NHC to the imine carbon after deprotonation. The corresponding products 4a and {[Ti(13)Cl4]2(μ-O)} (12) from the controlled hydrolysis of 10 have been confirmed by X-ray single-crystal analysis. Two novel NHC precursors, {H2(5)}Br and [H3(7)]Br, together with silver complex [Ag2(5)2] (6) were conveniently derived. Several relative group 4 metal complexes, [MX2(k²-N,O-OC6H2-3,5-tBu2-C(H)═N--CH2CH2-Im)2][Br]2 (M = Zr, X = Cl, 8; M = Hf, X = OSiMe3, 9) and [Ti(7)Cl2] (14), have been prepared and tested for ethylene polymerization with MAO as cocatalyst. Complex 14 showed the highest catalytic activity of up to ca. 114 kg PE/(mol Ti·h·atm) to produce linear polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sound radiation from elastically restrained plates covered by a decoupling layer is studied using the Spectrogeometric Method (SGM), which is a meshless and parametric modeling technique. By adopting the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure and the Rayleigh integral, a vibroacoustic coupling system is established. This model studies the situation when the plate is immersed in heavy fluid, such as water, in which the strong coupling between the structure and sound field should be fully considered. The influence of the boundary conditions on the radiated sound power and sound reduction provided by the decoupling layer based on the locally reacting model is studied. The nonuniform distributed decoupling layer is also studied to analyze the sound reduction effect. The sound intensity on the outer surface of the decoupling layer is investigated and tends to be uniform along the plate scale with increasing thickness of the decoupling layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The miR2118 is highly conserved in leguminous plants. Its function is to regulate the expression of genes encoding the TIR-NBS-LRR resistance protein. In this study, cin-miR2118 from Caragana intermedia was functionally characterized, especially with regard to its role in drought stress resistance. Two target genes of cin-miR2118 were predicted and cloned, the occurrence of miR2118 target sequence in both genes indicated that they might be targets of cin-miR2118. We investigated the expression patterns of cin-miR2118 and its target genes in C. intermedia stems and found diverse changes in expression in response to drought stress. CiDR1 was negatively correlated with corresponding miR2118 expression while CiDR2 was positively correlated with cin-miR2118. For further study, induced tolerance was observed in the transgenic Tobacco with overexpression cin-miR2118 upon 140-min water deficiency. And the expression level of cin-miR2118 was dramatically increased under drought stress. These results reveal that cin-miR2118 exert positive effects on drought stress tolerance. In addition, our study unexpectedly found that overexpression of cin-miR2118 in Tobacco can cause phenotype changes, which suggested that cin-miR2118 may have a novel function as a growth regulator in Tobacco . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of (E,Z)-1-(dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-3-phenyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propen-1-ones (C1-C35) were designed and synthesized, and the structures of compounds (Z)-C27 and (Z)-C29 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The antitumor activities of these novel compounds against cervical cancer (HeLa), lung cancer (A549), and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines were evaluated in vitro. Majority of the title compounds exhibited strong antitumor activities and were much more promising than the positive control Taxol, which were also accompanied by lower cytotoxicity to normal cells. In particular, compounds (E,Z)-C24 exhibited the most consistent potent activities against three neoplastic cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.2 to 7.1 μM. Further researches demonstrated that compounds (E,Z)-C24 could induce cell apoptosis and arrest cell cycle at the G2/M and S phases. Meanwhile, the structure-activity relationship between the configurations and cytotoxicity of the compounds was also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A susceptible-infected-susceptible almost periodic reaction-diffusion epidemic model is studied by means of establishing the theories and properties of the basic reproduction ratio $${R_{0}}$$ . Particularly, the asymptotic behaviors of $${R_{0}}$$ with respect to the diffusion rate $${D_{I}}$$ of the infected individuals are obtained. Furthermore, the uniform persistence, extinction and global attractivity are presented in terms of $${R_{0}}$$ . Our results indicate that the interaction of spatial heterogeneity and temporal almost periodicity tends to enhance the persistence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy via the oral route remains a considerable challenge due to poor water-solubility and permeability of anticancer agents. This study aimed to construct lipid nanoparticles using broccoli-derived lipids for oral delivery of tripterine (Tri), a natural anticancer candidate, and to enhance its oral bioavailability. Tri-loaded broccoli lipid nanoparticles (Tri-BLNs) were prepared by a solvent-diffusion method. The resulting Tri-BLNs were 75 ± 10 nm in particle size with entrapment efficiency over 98%. In vitro release study indicated that Tri was almost not released from Tri-BLNs (<2%), whereas the lipolytic experiment showed that Tri-BLNs possessed a relatively strong anti-enzymatic degradation ability to Tri-CLNs (Tri-loaded common lipid nanoparticles). In situ single-pass intestinal perfusion manifested that the effective permeability of Tri-BLNs were significantly higher than that of Tri-CLNs. Further, Tri-BLNs exhibited more efficient cellular uptake in MDCK-II cells as evidenced by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The relative bioavailability of Tri-BLNs and Tri-CLNs was 494.13% and 281.95% compared with Tri suspensions, respectively. Depending on the ability in enhancement of biomembrane permeability, broccoli-derived lipids as an alternative source should be useful to construct lipid nanoparticles for bettering oral delivery of drugs with low bioavailability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efflux transport is a critical determinant to the pharmacokinetics of sulfate conjugates. Here we aimed to establish SULT1A3 stably transfected HEK293 cells, and to determine the contributions of BCRP and MRP transporters to excretion of chrysin and apigenin sulfates. The cDNA of SULT1A3 was stably introduced into HEK293 cells using a lentiviral vector, generating a sulfonation active cell line (i.e., SULT293 cells). Identification of sulfate transporters was achieved through chemical inhibition (using chemical inhibitors) and biological inhibition (using short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs)) methods. Sulfated metabolites were rapidly generated and excreted upon incubation of SULT293 cells with chrysin and apigenin. Ko143 (a selective BCRP inhibitor) did not show inhibitory effects on sulfate disposition, whereas the pan-MRP inhibitor MK-571 caused significant reductions (38.5–64.3%, p < 0.001) in sulfate excretion and marked elevations (160–243%, p < 0.05) in sulfate accumulation. Further, two efflux transporters (BCRP and MRP4) expressed in the cells were knocked-down by shRNA-mediated silencing. Neither sulfate excretion nor sulfate accumulation was altered in BCRP knocked-down cells as compared to scramble cells. By contrast, MRP4 knock-down led to moderate decreases (17.1–20.6%, p < 0.05) in sulfate excretion and increases (125–135%, p < 0.05) in sulfate accumulation. In conclusion, MRP4 was identified as an exporter for chrysin and apigenin sulfates. The SULT1A3 modified HEK293 cells were an appropriate tool to study SULT1A3-mediated sulfonation and to characterize BCRP/MRP4-mediated sulfate transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel copper phthalocyanine complex with bridging butanedioic acid moieties, 1,11,15,25-tetrahydroxy-4,8,18,22-bis(bridging butanedioic acid) phthalocyanine copper, is reported. This complex is soluble in chloroform, THF, DMSO and DMF, and sparingly soluble in i-PrOH. The compound is characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopies and MALDI–TOF–MS. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the complex exhibited well-defined ring-based reduction and oxidation processes. NIR OLEDs containing tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum doped with the copper phthalocyanine complex were fabricated. Room-temperature electroluminescence was observed near 1098 nm originating from the transition from the first excited singlet state to the ground state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of white light using CdSe quantum dots (QDs) alone presents exciting possibilities for solid state lighting technology. In this work, Cd(Ac) 2 ·2H 2 O and Na 2 SeSO 3 are used as precursors to synthesize CdSe-QDs with an average diameter ranging from 2.77 to 4.65 nm at the low temperature from 60 to 180 °C. Smaller CdSe-QDs with an average diameter of 2.29 nm are got by an oxidation etching process using H 2 O 2 as oxidant. The structural and optical properties of these QDs are investigated and proper formulation of CdSe QDs with various sizes is carefully designed to achieve white light with a high color rendering index (CRI). It is observed for the first time that the as-prepared white light-emitting diodes from single CdSe-QDs show the Commission Inernationale del’Eclairage coordinate (CIE) of (0.30,0.34) very close to that (0.33,0.33) of pure white light and a high CRI of 84. Owing to these advantages, the as-prepared white light-emitting diodes from a single compound are promising for lighting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are concerned with the positive solution set of the following quasilinear elliptic system { − Δ [ ( 1 + α v ) u ] = u ( a − u − c v 1 + m u ) , x ∈ Ω , − Δ [ ( 1 + γ 1 + β u ) v ] = v ( b − v + d u 1 + m u ) , x ∈ Ω , u = v = 0 , x ∈ ∂ Ω , where Ω is a bounded smooth domain in R N , α , β , γ are nonnegative constants, a , c , d , m are positive constants, b is a real constant. This elliptic system is the stationary problem of a predator–prey model, in which u and v denote the population densities of the prey and predator, respectively. Regarding b as the bifurcation parameter, the global bifurcation structure of the positive solution set is shown. Then the nonlinear effect of either large α or β on the bifurcation point is deduced. Moreover, as α is large, we show that the positive solution set is only of one type, whereas, as β is large, the positive solution set is of two types. Additionally, in certain circumstances, we also show that which one of the two types can characterize the positive solution set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nickel-catalyzedregiosepecific C2- versus C3-oxidative cross-couplingreaction of indoles with 1,4-dioxane and other inactive C(sp3)–H bonds is described. The divergent synthesis of C(sp3)–C(sp2) bonds was achieved in satisfactoryyields with di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as theoxidant, which provides an efficient strategy for the selective constructionof cyclic ethers containing heteroaromatic core structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of the boron dicarbonyl complex [B(CO)2]−. The bonding situation is analyzed and compared with the aluminum homologue [Al(CO)2]− using state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of the boron dicarbonyl complex [B(CO)2]−. The bonding situation is analyzed and compared with the aluminum homologue [Al(CO)2]− using state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the damped oscillating traveling waves of a diffusive SIR model with vital dynamics. Our result implies that the vital dynamics can induce damped spatio-temporal oscillations. Biologically, this shows that the vital dynamics can cause multiple outbreaks of infection with decreasing maximum outbreak sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Response to drugs can vary between individuals and between different ethnic populations. The biological (age, gender, disease and genetics), cultural and environmental factors which contribute to these variations are considered in this review. The most important aspect is the genetic variability between individuals in their ability to metabolize drugs due to expression of ‘polymorphic’ enzymes. Polymorphism enables division of individuals within a given population into at least two groups, poor metabolisers (PMs) and extensive metabolisers (EMs) of certain drugs. The two most extensively studied genetic polymorphisms are those involving cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and CYP2C19. CYP2D6 metabolizes a number of antidepressants, antipsychotics, beta-adrenoceptor blockers, and antiarrhythmic drugs. About 7% of Caucasians and 1% of Asians are PMs of CYP2D6 substrates. CYP2C19 enzyme participates in the metabolism of omeprazole, propranolol and psychotropic drugs such as hexobarbital, diazepam, citalopram, imipramine, clomipramine and amitriptyline. The incidence of PMs of CYP2C19 substrates is much higher in Asians (15–30%) than in Caucasians (3–6%). Variations in metabolism of psychotropic drugs result in variations in their pharmacokinetic parameters. This may lead to clinically significant intra- and inter-ethnic differences in pharmacological responses. Such variations are discussed in this review. Differential receptor-mediated response may play a role in ethnic differences in responses to antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants, but such pharmacodynamic factors remain to be systematically investigated. The results of studies of ethnic differences in response to psychopharmacotherapy appear to be discrepant, most probably due to limitations of study design, small sample size, inadequately defined study sample, and lack of control of confounding factors. The clinical value of understanding pharmacogenetics is in its use to optimize therapeutic efficacy, to prevent toxicity of those drugs whose metabolism is catalysed by polymorphic isoenzymes, and to contribute to the rational design of new drugs. Finally, applications and impact of pharmacogenetics in the field of psychopharmacotherapy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of lithium in the treatment of acute mania. Method: Systematic overview of the literature and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Estimation of (i) the differences in the reduction in mania severity scores, and (ii) the ratio and difference in improvement response rates. Results: A total of 658 patients from 12 trials were included. Treatment periods ranged from 3 to 4 weeks. The response rate ratio for lithium against placebo was 1·95 (95%CI 1·17–3·23). The mean number needed to treat was five (95%CI 3–20). Patients were twice as likely to obtain remission with lithium than with chlorpromazine (rate ratio = 1·96, 95%CI 1·02–3·77). The mean number needed to treat was four (95%CI 3–9). Neither carbamazepine nor valproate was more effective than lithium. The response rate ratios were 1·01 (95%CI 0·54–1·88) for lithium compared to carbamazepine and 1·22 (95%CI 0·91–1·64) for lithium against valproate. Haloperidol was no better than lithium on the basis of improvement based on assessment of global severity. The differences in effects between lithium and risperidone were –2·79 (95%CI –4·22 to –1·36) in favour of risperidone with respect to symptom severity improvement and –0·76 (95%CI –1·11 to –0·41) on the basis of reduction in global severity of disease. Symptom and global severity was as well controlled with lithium as with verapamil. Lithium caused more side-effects than placebo and verapamil, but no more than carbamazepine or valproate. Conclusion: The clinical trial evidence suggests that lithium should remain the first line treatment for acute mania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the polycentric urban structure is perceived as a bridging concept to achieve various policy goals, such as promoting economic efficiency, diminishing spatial inequity, and encouraging environmental sustainability, most studies tend to focus only on a singular dimension of polycentricity. Drawing on the non-radial direction distance function approach, our study aimed to provide a three-dimensional integrated assessment of the benefits of polycentric spatial structure in the Chinese prefectural city-regions. However, our findings were not as expected; specifically, a lower degree of polycentric city structure is robustly associated with better overall performance, and this performance is size-dependent and dominated by economic efficiency. These results shed light on the prevailing role of agglomeration economies and suggest that a polycentric-oriented spatial strategy may not be a feasible policy for Chinese prefecture-level cities. • A lower degree of polycentric city structure is robustly associated with better overall performance • The performance of the polycentric city structure has a size effect. • The overall (in)efficiency of urban polycentricity is mainly dominated by economic (in)efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper is concerned with propagation phenomena for time-space periodic monotone semiflows and applications to time-space periodic cooperative systems in multi-dimensional media. We first establish some abstract theory on spreading speeds and traveling waves for time-space periodic monotone semiflows in the space of vector-valued functions on R N. Among others, we prove the equivalence of spreading speeds adopted by two different approaches, several spreading properties in terms of the spreading speeds, and the existence of periodic traveling waves which extends several known results in various special cases. By applying the abstract theory, we study the spreading speeds and traveling waves of time-space periodic cooperative systems in multi-dimensional media. It is proved that such a system admits a single spreading speed (resp. asymptotic spreading ray speed and asymptotic spreading set) under certain conditions. A set of sufficient conditions are also given for the single spreading speed to be linearly determinate. Furthermore, we show that the spreading speed can be characterized as the minimal wave speed of periodic traveling waves. The obtained results are then applied to the two-species periodic competition system in multi-dimensional media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma ( NLPHL) accounts for about 5% of all Hodgkin lymphomas and predominantly involves peripheral lymph nodes. Primary NLPHL of uterine cervix is very rare. Here, we report cervical NLPHL with CD21 expression in a 43-year-old woman, who presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding for 1 year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]