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This paper mainly reveals the dhynamic occurrence rule of root-knot nematode in the vegetable soil of Chifeng protected area, and provides a theoretical basis for the control of southern root-knot nematode disease in this area. The dynamic change of root-knot nematode quantity in the soil of Chifeng protected land was monitored for 10 years. The dynamic change law of the lateral and vertical distribution of root-knot nematode in the soil from 2013 to 2014 was investigated. The dynamic occurrence law of the southern root-knot nematode under different years and agronomic measures was expounded. The results showed that the lateral distribution of southern root-knot nematodes in greenhouse soil was as follows: the northern and central nematodes were the most abundant, while the southern nematodes were the least abundant. The vertical distribution of nematodes was as follows; the southern root-knot nematodes distributed most in the 4-15 cm soil layer, and less in the 15-25 cm soil layer. During the 10 years of monitoring sites, the occurrence rule of southern root-knot nematodes was as follows: about 6 generations occurred every year in greenhouses of monitoring sites, and each crop occurred about 3 generations. In terms of quantity, the maximum number of root-knot nematodes appeared around May and November every year, and the number of overwinter stubble was greater than that of autumn stubble. The distribution and dynamic occurrence of southern root-knot nematode in soil were studied, which can provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of root-knot nematode disease in Chifeng area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Exosomes play a role in all stages of wound repair, and there is currently a large body of research on exosomes in skin wound repair, which has been shown to have great potential for clinical applications. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and discuss the main mechanisms and clinical applications of exosomes in the treatment of skin wounds, in order to promote the clinical translation of exosomes. METHODS: PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Food and Drug Administration database, and Chinese Clinical Trial Register were searched from inception to March 2023. The English search terms were “exosomes, wound healing, stem cells, chronic wound, immunoregulation, inflammation, skin, therapeutic use, isolation, characterization, infections”. The Chinese search terms were “exosomes, wound healing, stem cells, immunomodulation, clinical applications”. A total of 79 articles were included for the summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exosomes can improve and accelerate wound healing through inflammation regulation, immune protection, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration, and collagen remodeling. (2) Exosomes derived from stem cells have mature preparation techniques and related mechanism research, which is currently the mainstream research direction. Non-stem cell-derived exosomes have the advantages of convenience, economy, and easy production, and can be used as a supplement for clinical applications. (3) The clinical application of exosomes is still in its infancy, but has great potential for application. Various exosome modification techniques have laid the foundation for the future development of clinically personalized services and require further research. (4) The clinical translation of exosomes faces many challenges, such as low yield, high heterogeneity, lack of unified standards for isolation, purification, and quality control, and difficulties in storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a method in English sentence compression based on pre-reading and simple attention mechanism. On the basis of GRU and encoder-decoder, this paper modeled the original sentence semantics twice in the encoding stage. It used the first result as a global information to strengthen the second semantic model, thus obtaining a more comprehensive and accurate semantic vector. With full consideration of the particularity of the deleted sentence compression, this paper simply adopted the 3t-attention mechanism in the decoding stage to improve the efficiency and accuracy of prediction, which meant that the semantic vectors most relevant to the current decoding time step were inputted to the decoder. The results from the experiments on the Google news sentence compression dataset show that this model significantly outperforms all the recent state-of-the-art methods. Therefore, pre-reading and simple attention mechanism can effectively improve the accuracy of English sentence compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Capsaicin has been reported to inhibit fibrosis and the proliferation and collagen synthesis of hypertrophic fibroblasts. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of capsaicin on inhibiting the proliferation of fibroblasts and the corresponding molecular mechanism. METHODS: Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat epidermal fibroblasts were cultured in vitro, and were treated with capsaicin at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/L) for 24 hours. The cells without treatment of capsaicin were included in the negative control group. Morphological changes of the epidermal fibroblasts were observed under phase-contrast microscope. The cell viability and IC50 value were detected by MTT assay. The cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining. The cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of FoxO1, p-FoxO1, Akt and p-Akt were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With capsaicin concentration increasing, cell survival rate decreased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner, and IC50 value was 3.55 mg/L. Compared with the negative control group, after 24 hours, capsaicin treated fibroblasts stopped in G1 phase and the apoptosis rate increased. Meanwhile, capsaicin could decrease the expression of P-Akt and P-FoxO1. Therefore, capsaicin can inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts, promote cell apoptosis, and present a concentration-dependent effect. The Akt-FoxO1 signaling pathway may be involved in the inhibition of capsaicin on fibroblast proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]