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目的: 探讨染色测试在神经重症康复病房鼻肠管定位中的诊断应用效果。 方法: 在某医院采取连续抽样的方法, 选取 2017 年 1 月—2019 年 12 月在康复科重症康复病房的床边盲插鼻肠管进 行肠内营养的 82 例患者作为研究对象。每例患者在鼻肠管盲插置管后逐一采用导丝拔插试验、回抽负压试验、腹 部听诊及染色测试 4 种方法初步判断肠管末端位置。在初步判断鼻肠管已达幽门后, 行 X 线腹部拍片确定肠管的 位置, 分别判断 4 种方法的灵敏度、特异性, 应用一次性检验 (Kappa 检验) 确定 4 种方法与金标准的 Kappa 系数。 结果: 染色试验的诊断符合率最高, 为 97.6%, 其次为导丝拔插试验、负压试验, 腹部听诊诊断符合率最低, 为 63.4%。4 种定位方法与金标准的一致性比较, 染色试验的 Kappa 值最高, 为 0.886, 其次为导丝拔插、负压试验, 腹部 听诊一致性最低。 结论: 染色试验针对床边判断鼻肠管位置与金标准一致性好, 结果最为接近, 在神经重症康复病房应用减少了因 鼻肠管置管后床边初步定位的不准确导致的患者反复置管及拍 X 线片, 且操作简单易学, 有助于提高神经重症 患者管饲营养的效果。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on articular cartilage and subchon- dral polarization - related protein expression in aged rats. Methods Sixteen 24-month -old SD male rats were randomly divided into old group and electroacupuncture group, with 8 rats in each group. Eight SD male rats aged 6 months were youth group. Electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture treatment, and the two sides of the“Taixi”, “Zusanli”, “Yanglingquan”, “xuehai”were selected. Electroacupuncture parameters：density wave, sparse wave frequency 3 Hz, dense wave 15 Hz, current intensity 1 mA, once a day, 30 minutes each time, 5 daysa week, consecutive 8 weeks. The other two groups fixed sterile needles with adhesive tape, connected the elec- troacupuncture instrument but did not turn on. After 8 weeks, the content of C-terminal peptide（CTX-Ⅱ) in serum of type Ⅱ collagen was determined by ELISA. Microscopic CT（Micro-CT) was used to detect the microstruc- ture of the left tibia subchondral bone. The left tibial plateau cartilage was observed under light microscope with saffron-solid green staining, and the degree of articular cartilage degeneration was evaluated by modified Mankin′s score. RT-qPCR and Westernblot were used to detect matrix metalloproteinase 1（MMP-1), matrix metallopro- teinase 3（MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinase 13（MMP-13), tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α), interleukin 1β （IL-1β), and macrophage mannose-receptor（MMR). Expression levels of arginase 1（Arg1) mRNA and protein. Results （1) Compared with the young group, the CTX-Ⅱin the blood of the old group increased（P < 0.05), Saf- fron O-fast green staining showed that the structure of rat cartilage was seriously damaged, cartilage and subchon- dral bone decomposed indistinctly, calcification was severe, multiple tidal lines appeared, the number of cells decreased significantly, split layer appeared, cell morphology and structure was abnormal, and staining was uneven. and the modified Mankin′s score increased（P < 0.05). Bone mineral density, bone volume fraction and number of bone trabeculae decreased（P < 0.05), trabecular thickness and trabecular spacing increased（P < 0.05), MMP1, MMP3, MMP13 mRNA and protein expression increased（P < 0.05), TNF-α, IL-1 β mRNA and protein expres- sion increased（P < 0.05), MMR, Arg1mRNA and protein decreased（P < 0.05). （2) Compared with the senile group, the CTX-Ⅱdecreased in the electroacupuncture group（P < 0.05), The saffron O-fast green staining showed that the cartilage of the rats was slightly smooth and there was no obvious cleavage layer. The number of chondro- cytes in the aged group was higher than that in the aged group, and the staining was more uniform；and the modi- fied Mankin′s score was decreased（P < 0.05). Bone mineral density, bone volume fraction and trabecular number increased（P < 0.05), trabecular spacing decreased（P < 0.05), trabecular thickness tended to decrease（P > 0.05), MMP1, MMP3, MMP13mRNA and protein expression decreased（P < 0.05), TNF-α, IL-1 β mRNA and protein expression decreased（P < 0.05), MMR, Arg1mRNA and protein increased（P < 0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture may protect joints by promoting OA articular cartilage and subchondral bone M2 polarization, alleviating articular cartilage degradation and inhibiting subchondral bone osteoporosis in aged rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effects of modified biochar on seed germination and seedling growth of sudangrass under crude oil stress, cotton straw biochar modified by nitric acid and Fenton reagent was added to the contaminated soil with 4% oil content. The effects of the two kinds of modified biochar on germination rate, germ length, radicle length, biomass, and total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate of sudangrass were studied by soil culture germination test. The results showed that both biochar and modified biochar significantly increased soil organic matter content（P<0.05）. The addition of unmodified biochar increased soil pH, while the addition of biochar modified by nitric acid and Fenton reagent decreased soil pH. Compared with the treatment without biochar, the addition of biochar significantly increased the germination rate, germ length, and plant biomass accumulation of sudangrass. Modified biochar promoted seed growth. The germ length and biomass in treatments with 4% biochar modified with nitric acid increased by 67.83% and 80.26%, respectively, compared with the control group. The addition of biochar and modified biochar could significantly improve the degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. Compared with the treatment without biochar, the degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons in treatments with 4% biochar and 4% Fenton-modified biochar increased by 23.86 and 20.89 percentage points, respectively. Therefore, under crude oil stress, the addition of modified biochar mitigates the negative effects of crude oil pollution on seed germination of sudangrass. The modification method and the amount of added biochar will affect the short-term degradation effect of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil under the joint action of sudangrass and biochar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

对早产儿解脲支原体感染治疗的方案的临床效果进行探讨和分析。方法：选取2021年1月-2021年12月本 院新生儿科NICU病房住院病例中解脲支原体感染的早产儿42例，作为研究对象。随机分为两组，红霉素针（A组）21 例，阿奇霉素干混悬剂疗法组（B组）21例，比较两组临床治疗疗效。结果：B组总有效率90.5%，高于A组的86.7%， 两组结果表明疗效经χ 2 检验差异有显著性。结论：阿奇霉素干混悬剂组比红霉素针组治疗早产儿的解脲支原体感染治 疗效果更好。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The memory alloy itself has unique shape memory properties and excellent histocompatibility, which is currently made into various internal fixators widely for the surgical treatment of the fretting joint and the fracture site. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the modified memory alloy internal fixator for separation of pubic symphysis. METHODS: Models of pubic symphysis separation injury were established in 10 pelvic specimens and randomly divided into two groups for fixation. Models in the observation group were fixed with the modified memory alloy internal fixator for separation of pubic symphysis after reduction. The models in the control group were fixed with dynamic compression plate after reduction. A universal biomaterial testing machine was used for biomechanical testing. The horizontal, anteroposterior and vertical displacements of the pubic symphysis were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no loosening or fracture of internal fixation in both groups. (2) The horizontal displacement of the observation group was smaller than that of the control group under different loads (P < 0.05). (3) The anteroposterior displacement of the observation group was smaller than that of the control group under different loads (P < 0.05). (4) The vertical displacement of the observation group was smaller than that of the control group under different loads (P < 0.05). (5) The experimental results show that the tensile force of the modified memory alloy internal fixator for separation of pubic symphysis against horizontal and anteroposterior directions is better than that against dynamic compression plate, which resistance to vertical shear force is better than that of dynamic compression plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human trophoblast stem cells (TSC), derived from the trophoblastic ectoderm, play a decisive role in the fate of embryos, and have gradually become a hot topic in the study of human placenta. Through in vitro experiments on mouse embryos, it has been found that some related transcription factors and protein regulatory factors play a role in the regulation of TSC state, such as the transcription regulatory factors FOS related antigen 1 (FOSL1), placental expression transcription factor 1 (PLET-1), etc., can promote the expression of TSC differentiation related genes, so that TSC can differentiate into different trophoblast cell lineage; and protein regulatory factors such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) can also regulate histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) to mediate epithelial stromal transformation and promote TSC differentiation. In this paper, we review the research progress of transcription factors, kinases, gene modifying enzymes and protein regulating factors that can regulate TSC status in recent years, and provide necessary theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of pregnancy diseases related to the differentiation of human placental trophoblast cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The separation injury of pubic symphysis is most commonly associated with severe pelvic fracture injuries. Because the anatomical position of the pubic symphysis is deep, and the curative effect is often unsatisfactory. Anatomical and biomechanical studies are necessary to better guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the anatomical characteristics and biomechanical research status of pubic symphysis, and to provide some benefits for the clinical treatment of pubic symphysis separation. METHODS: The authors retrieved CNKI, VIP, and PubMed with the key words of “separation of pubic symphysis” and “biomechanics” for articles published from April 1984 to February 2020. Relevant literature was selected by title and abstract, and the titles and abstracts of the references were read. The related literatures were selected again and the duplicate literatures were eliminated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 57 eligible literatures, and 33 were finally included. (1) The present anatomical study mainly focuses on the structure of pubic symphysis and its adjacent ligaments. (2) Because of the position of pubic symphysis, no further study was carried out. The precise distribution of the starting and ending points of the peripheral ligaments and muscles, and the precise nerve and blood distribution need further study. (3) There have been relatively few studies of pubic symphysis biomechanics, and they vary widely. It needs to be deeply studied and agreed upon. (4) With the development of finite element, the biomechanics focus on the treatment of pubic symphysis. (5) Due to good mechanical stability, the reconstructed plate and the hollow screw are used as common fixation for pubic symphysis separation. However, percutaneous hollow screw fixation has become the trend in the future because of its minimal invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

糖尿病周围神经病变是糖尿病患者最常见的并发症，辅助检测是其重要的诊断方法之 一。神经传导速度是临床上较常用的辅助检测方法，主要检测大有髓神经纤维（Aα和Aβ）的传导功 能，但无法测定小纤维病变。然而，小纤维神经病变常发生在大纤维神经病变之前，糖尿病患者出现 温或冷等感觉异常或自主神经功能障碍时多提示Aδ神经纤维和无髓鞘C神经纤维等小纤维神经功 能受损。检测小纤维神经的方法主要包括：定量感觉测试、皮肤交感反射、角膜共焦显微镜、皮肤活检 等。这些方法对于小纤维神经病变的诊断和干预十分重要. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Mechano growth factor exists in a wide variety of tissues, and it can enhance the proliferation and migration of cells in different tissues. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mechano growth factor on the proliferation and migration of primary rabbit knee articular chondrocytes, and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Knee cartilage was shredded after being harvested from New Zealand white rabbits (provided by Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd.), and then chondrocytes were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion. Passage 3 cells in logarithmic growth phase were harvested and divided into five groups, and then intervened by 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/L mechano growth factor for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mechano growth factor could promote the proliferation and migration of rabbit knee articular chondrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, and mechano growth factor at 4 μg/L exhibited the strongest efficacy. Mechano growth factor could increase the expression of transforming growth factor β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 with concentration increasing. In summary, mechano growth factor can promote the proliferation and migration of rabbit knee articular chondrocytes dose-dependently, which may be via the transforming growth factor β1/Smad signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To prepare a phase⁃transforming multimodal molecular probe that carries the thrombophilic peptide glutamic acid⁃tryptophan⁃valine⁃aspartate⁃valine (EWVDV), and to study its phase change law，in vitro multimodality imaging and targeting of thrombus. Methods Nanoparticles carrying perfluorohexane（PFH），indian ink and Fe3O4 were prepared by a three⁃emulsification method using polylactic acid/glycolic acid（PLGA）as a carrier.The EGVDV⁃targeted nanoparticles modified with gallic acid（GA）were prepared by the carbodiimide method to characterize their physicochemical properties.Its phase transformation laws，in vitro multimodality imaging，and targeting of extracorporeal thrombi were studied. Results The prepared EWVDV⁃PFH⁃Ink⁃Fe nanoparticles were round，uniform in size，well dispersed，with an average particle diameter of 370.7 nm，and the EWVDV connection ratio was 62.5%.In the phase transition caused by heat，the phase transition of nano⁃particles tended to be obvious as the heating time increases and the temperature increases.In the photoinduced phase transition，after irradiation with a laser beam，when the temperature of the nanoparticles reached 60 to 80 ℃，white，uniform⁃sized phase change microbubbles were visible above the gel model，and the B⁃mode and contrast modes all probed the hy⁃perechoic ultrasound signals. At the same time，nanoparticles could also realize photoacoustic and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.In thrombotic cryosections，a large number of fluorescein nanoparticles were connected to the thrombus surface in the EWVDV⁃PFH⁃Ink⁃Fe group compared to the non⁃targeted group（PFH⁃Ink⁃Fe）. Conclusion The EWVDV⁃PFH⁃Ink⁃Fe nanoparticles prepared in this experiment can successfully achieve phase transitions and are expected to achieve controlled phase transitions. It also has ultrasound，photoacoustic and MR imaging capabilities. With the help of EWVDV peptides， nanoparticles have good targeting properties for thrombosis，which provides the potential for multimodal imaging of thrombi and precise diagnosis at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In the treatment of senile distal tibia fractures, locking compression plate (LCP) combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) exerts a satisfactory repair effect, and contributes to the function recovery of lower limbs. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the efficacy of LCP combined with MIPO versus intramedullary interlocking nailing for senile distal tibia fractures. METHODS: Fifty-six elderly patients with distal tibia fracture were allotted to minimally invasive and intramedullary nailing groups (n=28 per group), and received the treatment of LCP combined with MIPO and intramedullary interlocking nailing fixation, respectively. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative AOFAS ankle-hind foot scale scores, postoperative ambulation time, healing time, postoperative complications and the excellent and good rate in Johner-Wruhs' criteria were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The operation time, AOFAS ankle-hind foot scale scores, ambulation time, and healing time in the minimally invasive group were significantly superior to those in the intramedullary nailing group (P < 0.05). (2) The minimally invasive group showed a significantly higher excellent and good rate (96%) than the intramedullary nailing group (79%) (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the intramedullary nailing group, the incidence of complications was significantly reduced in the minimally invasive group (P < 0.05). (4) Our findings suggest that the combination of LCP and MIPO not only preserves the most of blood supply, and soft tissues surrounding the fracture end as suggested by the BO principle, but also is conducive for fracture healing, and holds good efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The act of benefiting the people and the patriotic feeling and loyalty to the throne of the Neo-Confucians is reflected in Zhu Xi's Fu writings. Zhu Xi often selects the Sao style in his Fu creation by emulating the best examples outside, demonstrating a dense time factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the six resistant rice varieties of BPH as test materials, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of flooding stress on secondary metabolites of resistant variety and relationship with feeding amount of BPH. The results indicated that the influence of flooding stress on secondary metabolites of resistant variety was obviously, but it ' s different in different varieties. The content of oxalic acid in Ptb33 and 570011, content of total phenols in TN1, IR56, B. W and RP1976-18-6-4-2, and the content of tannin in RHT were increased and higher than control after flooded. On the contrary, the content of tannin in TN1 and content of total phenols in Ptb33 were decreased and lower than control. While the content of oxalic acid in RP1976-18-6-4-2, content of total phenols in RHT and 570011, content of tannin in B. W, Ptb33 and 570011 has fluctuated greatly after drowned with water. The regression analysis results indicated that the feeding amount of BPH biotype II on 570011 was significantly negative correlation with the content of oxalic acid and total phenols, while Bangladesh on RHT was significantly positive correlation with the content of total phenols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of big data and the introduction of data security regulations, the awareness of privacy protection has gradually increased, and the phenomenon of data isolation has become more and more serious. Federated learning technology as one of the effective methods to solve this problem has become a hot spot of concern. In the online inference process of vertical federated learning, the current mainstream methods do not consider the protection of data identity, which is easy to leak user privacy. A privacy protection method for member inference attacks was proposed in the online inference process of the vertical federated linear model. A filter with a false positive rate was constructed to avoid the accurate positioning of data identity to ensure the security of data. Homomorphic encryption was used to realize the full encrypted state of the online inference process and protect the intermediate calculation results. According to the ciphertext multiplication property of homomorphic encryption, the random number multiplication method was used to mask data, which ensured the security of the final inference result. This scheme further improved the security of user privacy in the online inference process of vertical federated learning and had lower computation overhead and communication costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Totally 60%-70% of hospital-acquired infections are related to medical devices of different materials, and bacterial biofilm cells play an important role in chronic infections. Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are affected by the characteristics of biological materials, such as surface charge, hydrophobicity, hardness, and surface chemistry. OBJECTIVE: To study the phagocytosis of macrophages on the early biofilm cells of E. coli on polydimethylsiloxane, a biomaterial with different surface hardness. METHODS: Hard (5:1), medium (20:1) and soft (40:1) polydimethylsiloxane with three surface hardness was prepared by controlling the mass ratio of base material and curing agent. (1) E. coli were inoculated on the surface of three kinds of hard materials to incubate bacterial biofilm cells. Activated macrophages were dropped onto the surface of each material. CFU cell counting, flow cytometry and inverted fluorescence microscope were used to detect the difference in macrophages Phagocytosis of E. coli biofilm cells on surface hardness materials. (2) Macrophages were inoculated on the surface of three hard materials, and then E. coli was added. CFU cell count was applied to detect macrophages phagocytosis of E. coli biofilm cells on materials with different surface hardness. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bacteria were inoculated first and then macrophages were added to the experiment: CFU cell count, flow cytometry technology and inverted fluorescence microscope detection showed that as the surface hardness of the material increased, the phagocytosis of macrophages increased and the number of E. coli biofilm cells decreased. The difference in the phagocytic rate of bacterial biofilm cells among the three groups was significant (P < 0.001). (2) Macrophages were inoculated first and then bacteria were added to the experiment: CFU cell count test showed that as the surface hardness of the material increased, the phagocytosis of macrophages increased and the number of bacterial cells decreased. It could be seen under the microscope that the macrophages were on the hard surface material more spread, with higher activity, and visible extension of pseudopods. (3) The results show that with the increase of the hardness of polydimethylsiloxane, the efficiency of macrophages phagocytosis of E. coli biofilm cells is higher. It is speculated that by optimizing the hardness of biological materials, endophyte-related infections can be better controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Pulsed electromagnetic fields, as an important physical therapy, are exactly effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis, but the mechanism has not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on the degeneration of knee joint cartilage in aged rats. METHODS: Eight 6-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were selected as the young group and were subjected to normal diet with no treatment. Sixteen 22-monthold Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into old group (n=8) and pulsed electromagnetic field group (n=8). The rats in the pulsed electromagnetic field group were subjected to a pulsed electromagnetic field intervention, once a day, 5 days per week for continuous 8 weeks. The rats in the old group were given no treatment. All rats were anesthetized and executed after 8 weeks for the detection of relevant indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the young group, serum type II collagen C-terminal peptide level was increased in the old group (P < 0.05); compared with the old group, serum type II collagen C-terminal peptide level was decreased in the pulsed electromagnetic field group (P < 0.05). Micro-CT showed that the bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, and number of bone trabeculae decreased (P < 0.05) and the trabecular separation increased (P < 0.05) in the tibia of rats in the aged group compared with the young group; and the bone volume fraction, bone density, and number of trabeculae increased (P < 0.05) and the trabecular separation decreased (P < 0.05) in the tibia of rats in the pulsed electromagnetic field group compared with the aged group. The tibial plateau Safranin O-fast green staining showed that the articular cartilage structure of rats in the aged group was disorganized, and the number of chondrocytes was obviously reduced, and the tidal line could not be distinguished. The above results were improved in the pulsed electromagnetic field group. RT-qPCR and western blot assay showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1, matrix metalloproteinase 13, P53 and P21 in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of rats were elevated in the aged group compared with the young group (P < 0.05) and decreased in the pulsed electromagnetic field group compared with the old group (P < 0.05). To conclude, pulsed electromagnetic fields may improve osteoarthritis in aged rats by inhibiting chondrocyte senescence, alleviating articular cartilage degradation and inhibiting subchondral bone osteoporosis through suppressing the expression of P53/P21. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Pulsed electromagnetic fields generate pulsed currents, and improve bone metabolism through the stress coupling mechanism. In recent years, increasing evidence has proved that pulsed electromagnetic fields can inhibit postmenopausal osteoporosis in many ways involving bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone cells. OBJECTIVE: To review the effect and therapeutic mechanism of pulsed electromagnetic field on postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: We searched PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBMdisc databases for relevant articles with the keywords of “pulsed electromagnetic field; postmenopausal osteoporosis; bone homeostasis; bone metabolism; bone density; biomechanical property; bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; osteoblasts; osteoclasts; bone cells” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, 66 articles met the criteria for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pulsed electromagnetic fields can increase bone density, improve bone biomechanical properties, promote bone formation, and inhibit the activity of osteoclasts to inhibit postmenopausal osteoporosis. At present, pulsed electromagnetic fields are of high feasibility to mediate osteogenic differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and OPG/RANKL signaling pathway. Research on the mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts indicates a series of concepts in the initial stage, including that SIRT1 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome to mediate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell pyrolysis, long-chain non-coding RNA and related pathways regulate osteogenic differentiation, and hypoxia-inducible factors drive osteoclast differentiation. It is of important value to explore whether pulsed electromagnetic fields can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome signals through SIRT1 to inhibit the pyrolysis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, thereby exerting an anti-osteoporosis effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is one of the important factors that induce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies have shown that electroacupuncture can effectively reduce inflammation after ischemic stroke and improve the symptoms of neurological deficits, but the mechanism is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and electroacupuncture group, with 16 rats in each group. The rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was prepared by middle cerebral artery occlusion. At 24 hours after modeling, the rats in the electroacupuncture group were treated with electroacupuncture, once a day, 20 minutes each time, for a total of 5 days. The sham operation group and the model group did not do any intervention. After 5 days of intervention, Longa method was used to evaluate the degree of neurological injury in rats. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to measure the volume of cerebral infarction and the pathological changes of brain tissue in rats. Serum interleukin-6, interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected by ELISA. Expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB in the cerebral cortex at mRNA and protein levels were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham operation group, the neurological function scores, serum interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, electroacupuncture significantly reduced the neurological function scores, serum interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB mRNA and protein expression levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the sham operation group, the volume of cerebral infarction in the model group increased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the volume of cerebral infarction in the electroacupuncture group decreased (P < 0.05). In the model group, the arrangement of neurons was disordered, some nerve cells disappeared, nuclei presented with pyknosis and incomplete structure. After electroacupuncture intervention, the degree of neuronal degeneration and neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex of rats were reduced compared with those in the model group. To conclude, electroacupuncture can significantly improve the neurobehavior of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, reduce brain tissue injury, and effectively reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To explore the mechanism of oxiracetam promoting neurogenesis and migration in rats with cerebral infarction through stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) / C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) pathway. Methods 100 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, cerebral ischemia (CI) group, oxiracetam (200 mg/kg) group, and oxiracetam (200 mg/kg)+AMD3100 (5 mg/kg) group, with 25 rats in each group. Electrocoagulation was used to create rat model of local permanent cerebral infarction. After 1, 7 and 14 days of modeling, neurological deficits were scored, TTC staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction, Nissl staining was used to detect cell survival in the infarcted area, Western blot was used to detect SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein levels in ischemic zone. After 1 ~7 days of modeling, BrdU (50 mg/kg) was continuously injected intraperitoneally. After 14 days, immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the number of BrdU+ Nestin+ and BrdU+ DCX+ cells in the SVZ region. 5 days before modeling, retroviruses carrying GFP were injected into the SVZ region. After 14 days, immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the number of GFP+ DCX+, GFP+ MAP-2+ and GFP+ GFAP+ cells in infarction area. C17. 2 cells were divided into control group, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) group, oxiracetam (final concentration: 200 mg/L) group, and oxiracetam (final concentration: 200 mg/L)+AMD3100 (final concentration: 100 μmol/L) group. OGD was used to create cell CI model. After 12 hours, immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the number of BrdU+ / Nestin+ and BrdU+ / MAP-2+ cells, Transwell experiment was used to detect cell migration, Western blot was used to detect SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein levels in cell culture supernatant. Results Animal experiment results showed: compared with control group, mNSS score in CI group was increased, cerebral infarction volume was increased, the number of surviving cells in infarcted area was decreased, SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein levels were increased, the number of GFP+ DCX+, GFP+ MAP-2+ and GFP+ GFAP+ cells in SVZ region were increased (P<0. 05); compared with CI group, mNSS score in oxiracetam group was decreased, cerebral infarction volume was decreased, the number of surviving cells in infarcted area was increased, SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein levels were increased, the number of GFP+ DCX+, GFP+ MAP-2+ and GFP+ GFAP+ cells in SVZ region were increased, the number of GFP+ DCX+, GFP+ MAP-2+ and GFP+ GFAP+ cells in infarcted area were increased (P<0. 05); compared with oxiracetam group, mNSS score in oxiracetam+AMD3100 group was increased, cerebral infarction volume was increased, the number of surviving cells in infarcted area was decreased, CXCR4 protein level was decreased, the number of GFP+ DCX+, GFP+ MAP-2+ and GFP+ GFAP+ cells in the SVZ region were decreased (P<0. 05). Cell experiment results showed: compared with control group, the number of BrdU+ / Nestin+ and BrdU+ / MAP-2+ cells in OGD group were increased, the number of cell migration, SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein levels in cell culture supernatant were increased (P<0. 05); compared with OGD group, the number of BrdU+ / Nestin+ and BrdU+ / MAP-2+ cells in oxiracetam group were increased, the number of cell migration, SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein levels in cell culture supernatant were increased (P < 0. 05); compared with oxiracetam group, the number of BrdU+ / Nestin+ and BrdU+ / MAP-2+ cells in oxiracetam+AMD3100 group were decreased, the number of cell migration, CXCR4 protein level in cell culture supernatant were decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion Oxiracetam may promote the migration of neural stem cells from the SVZ region to the ischemic zone, promoting neurogenesis and functional recovery in rats with cerebral infarction by activating SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There are many treatment methods for knee osteoarthritis, among which electroacupuncture, as an important non-drug treatment, is effective in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, but its exact mechanism is not clear. OBJECTIVE: Effect of electroacupuncture on the expression of p53 and P21 in articular cartilage and subchondral bone of aged rats with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Eight 6-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the young group and sixteen 24-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into old group (n=8) and electroacupuncture group (n=8). The rats in the electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture stimulation once a day, 5 days a week, for 8 continuous weeks, and the other two groups did not do any treatment. Eight weeks later, the level of type II collagen C-terminal peptide in peripheral blood was detected by ELISA, the morphology of left knee cartilage and subchondral bone was observed by safranin O-fast green staining, the degree of knee cartilage degeneration was evaluated by modified Mankin’s score, the microstructure of left knee cartilage and subchondral bone was detected by micro-CT, and the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 13, P53, P21 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and western blot respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the young group, the level of C-terminal peptide of type II collagen in the peripheral blood was increased in the old group (P < 0.05). The micro-CT results showed that the bone volume fraction, bone mineral density and the number of bone trabeculae were decreased in the old group compared with the young group (P < 0.05), while the trabecular separation increased (P < 0.05). Safranin O-fast green staining showed that in the old group, the surface layer of cartilage was uneven with fissures, the morphology of chondrocytes was irregular and stained unevenly, the boundary between the cartilage and subchondral bone was blurred, and the matrix loss was serious. The Mankin’s score was higher in the old group than the young group (P < 0.05). The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13, P53, P21 at mRNA and protein levels increased in the old group compared with the young group (P < 0.05). Compared with the old group, electroacupuncture decreased the level of C-terminal peptide of type II collagen (P < 0.05), increased the bone volume fraction, bone mineral density and the number of bone trabeculae (P < 0.05), and decreased the trabecular separation (P < 0.05). Safranin O-fast green staining showed that in the electroacupuncture group, the surface of cartilage was smooth and red staining was uniform, and the cell morphology and structure were between the young group and the old group. Following electroacupuncture treatment, the Mankin’s score (P < 0.05), matrix metalloproteinase 13 and P21 mRNA expression (P < 0.05), and matrix metalloproteinase 13 and P53 protein expression decreased (P < 0.05), while there was a decreasing trend of P53 mRNA and P21 protein expression, but with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). To conclude, electroacupuncture may delay articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral osteoporosis in aged rats by inhibiting the expression of P53 and P21, so as to protect joints and delay joint aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of p62 gene knockout on the biological behavior of esophageal carcinoma EC109 cells. Methods: We constructed the p62 knock-out EC109 cells by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which were defined as the knockout group. At the same time, we defined wild EC109 cells as the control group. We applied T7El endonuclease to detect the target effect, Western blotting to detect p62 protein expression in EC109 cells, and we observed the cell morphology changes under an inverted microscope. We detected the proliferation ability of EC109 cells by the real-time cellular analysis ( RTCA ). We monitored the invasion ability of EC109 cells by scratch experiment and the cell cycle by flow cytometry. Results: After T7El enzyme digestion, the knockout group had a specific band at about 800 bp, while the control group had only one band at about 870 bp. The relative expression of p62 protein in the knockout group was lower than that in the control group, and the number of cell syncytia was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the cells in the knockout group were round with unclear boundary. The CI value of cell proliferation in the knockout group was lower than that of the control group, the number of cell clones was less than that of the control group, the wound healing rate in the knockout group at 96h was lower than that in the control group, and the proportion of cells blocked in the G0/G1 phase in the cell cycle was higher than that in the control group ( all P < 0.05 ). Conclusion: Esophageal squamous carcinoma EC109 cells with p62 gene knockout can form more syncytia, which can inhibit the malignant behavior of EC109 cells, and p62 is expected to be an effective genetic target for esophageal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Swallowing is a complex movement that requires the synergistic involvement between the cortices, brainstem, specific brain nerves and pharyngeal receptors of the two cerebral hemispheres. The role of the cerebral cortex in the swallowing process and its influence on swallowing remain to be solved. OBJECTIVE: To analyze cortical activation and lateralization during the repetitive saliva swallowing test in healthy adults using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: Twenty-seven healthy subjects, aged (20.41±1.66) years, were enrolled, including 13 males and 14 females. All the subjects underwent the repetitive saliva swallowing test during functional near-infrared spectroscopy measure. The brain regions activated by the task were analyzed and the lateralization index of the activated brain regions was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the repetitive saliva swallowing test, the bilateral primary somatosensory cortex, bilateral primary motor cortex, bilateral pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex, bilateral pars triangularis, bilateral frontopolar area, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly activated. More than half of the subjects had cortical hemispheric lateralization in the repetitive saliva swallowing test, but there was greater variability in hemispheric lateralization and no significant association with subject’s handedness. The use of healthy adults as subjects in this study to explore the activated areas associated with swallowing allows us to more accurately understand the neural activity during swallowing, which is important for further investigation of swallowing dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the production technology of cigar tobacco leaves with high quality in Zhaotong, by taking the variety of cigar-wrapper tobacco leaves (Yunxue No. 36) as the experimental materials, the field experiment was carried out to study the effects of shading treatment and non-shading treatment, on the growth period, botanical traits, agronomic traits, disease resistance, tobacco appearance quality, chemical composition, yield and quality of Yunxue No. 36 in Jinsha River Basin of Zhaotong. The results showed that: In addition to the shortening of the final harvest period of parietal leaves after the shading treatment, the growth stages in the field were prolonged to di任erent degrees compared with that of the leaves without the shading treatment, and the whole growing period in the field was shortened by 10 days. The agronomic characters of tobacco leaves after the shading treatment were significantly better than those of the tobacco leaves without the shading treatment, which showed the low natural infection rate in the field, better quality of tobacco leaves and thin leaves. Compared with the chemical components in the cigar-wrapper tobacco leaves with high quality at home and abroad, the nicotine content of tobacco leaves after the shading treatment, was higher, the potassium oxide content was lower, while the other chemical components were similar. The output value of tobacco leaves after the shading treatment was 187 093. 80 yuan • hm-2, which was significantly higher than that of tobacco leaves without the shading treatment (being 54 493. 80 yuan • hm-2 higher than that of tobacco leaves without the shading treatment). Therefore, under the climatic conditions of J ins ha River Basin in Zhaotong, it was necessary to carry out the shading cultivation during the field period to produce the raw materials of cigar-wrapper tobacco leaves with high quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of sodium hyaluronate on both articular cartilage and the subchondral bone of osteoarthritis models in ovariectomized rats. Methods Thirty female SD rats aged of 3 months were randomly divided into 3 groups, sham-operated group, ovariectomized rats with bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (OVX-ACLT group), ovariectomized rats with bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection + intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (treatment group), with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the sham-operation group received no treatment. Rats in OVX-ACLT group and treatment group were ovariectomized and their anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint were transected. Two weeks after OVX-ACLT, rats in the treatment group received intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate? 50(ULg once a week for 12 weeks. Rats in the OVX-ACLT group were injected with normal saline. The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks of treatment. The serum levels of C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were detected. Mankin scores of articular cartilage were also evaluated, bone mass of subchondral bone was analyzed with micro-CT. Results The serum contents of CTX-I, TRACP5b? and BALP in OVX-ACLT group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group (P<0.01, P<0.05, and P<0.05), while those in treatment group were significantly lower than in OVX-ACLT group (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.05). (2)Comparison of Mankin scores among the three groups; the scores in OVX-ACLT group were significantly higher than in sham operation group (P<0.01), and the scores in treatment group were significantly lower than in OVX-ACLT group (P<0.01). (3)The bone volume fraction and trabecular bone numbers in OVX-ACLT group were significantly lower than those in sham-operated group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01), but the degree of bone trabecular separation was significantly higher than that in sham-operated group (P<0.01). The trabecular thickness was not statistically different between the two groups (P>0.05). The bone volume fraction and trabecular bone number in treatment group were significantly higher than those in OVX-ACLT group (P<0.01, P<0.01), but the degree of bone trabecular separation was significantly lower than that in OVX-ACLT group (P<0.01). The trabecular thickness was not statistically difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Sodium hyaluronate releases osteoporosis and maintains the strength in the subchondral bone. It provides biomechanical support for the articular cartilage, and reduces the abnormal stress absorption of the cartilage, and delays the degeneration of the articular cartilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Exercise training can maintain bone mass and improve bone mineral density. However, its effect on senile osteoporosis and its possible mechanism are not clear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of exercise training on senile osteoporosis and to explore its possible molecular mechanism. METHODS: Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats aged 24 months old were regarded as the model of senile osteoporosis and randomly divided into elderly model group (n=8) and exercise training group (n=8), while eight young Sprague-Dawley rats of 3 months old were randomly selected as young control group. All rats moved freely in their cages and those in the exercise training group underwent exercise training every day for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of intervention, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, type I procollagen amino-terminal peptide, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and type I collagen aminoterminal peptide were detected using ELISA assay. Bone mineral density of the femur and the fourth lumbar vertebra were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, while bone microstructural parameters of the tibia and the fifth lumbar vertebra were determined by Micro-CT in each group. mRNA and protein expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2, Runt-related transcription factor 2, Osterix, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in bone marrow of the femur were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the elderly model group, the serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and type I procollagen aminoterminal peptide (P < 0.05), bone mineral density of the femur (P < 0.05) but not that of the fourth lumbar vertebra (P > 0.05), bone volume fraction and trabecular number of the tibia (P < 0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2, Runt-related transcription factor 2, and Osterix in the femur (P < 0.05) were significantly increased in the elderly model group, while the serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and type I collagen amino-terminal peptide (P < 0.05), trabecular separation of the tibia and the fifth lumbar vertebra (P < 0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, exercise training could improve the bone volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness of the fifth lumbar vertebra in rats with senile osteoporosis, although the differences in changes were not always statistically significant (P > 0.05). The trabecular thickness of the tibia had no significant changes after exercise training (P > 0.05). To conclude, exercise training can significantly improve bone mineral density and bone microstructure, promote osteogenic differentiation, and inhibit adipogenic differentiation in aged osteoporotic rats. The mechanism may be related to the bone morphogenetic protein 2/Runt-related transcription factor 2/Osterix signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is commonly seen in patients with ischemic stroke and seriously affects their prognosis, so it is important to explore effective treatments to alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Electroacupuncture can effectively improve the symptoms of neurological deficits in ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of electroacupuncture treatment on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats and its effect on neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex. METHODS: A total of 48 male 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group, and electroacupuncture group, with 16 rats in each group. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models were established on the left middle cerebral artery of the rats from the model and electroacupuncture groups: ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 6 hours. In the sham-operated group, only the carotid artery was exposed and dissociated. Then, rats in the electroacupuncture group were subjected to electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shuigou acupoints with sparse and dense waves at 3 Hz/15 Hz, 1 mA, for 20 minutes, once a day for 5 continuous days. On the 5th day after modeling, all rats were assessed for neurological impairment using the Longa neurological severity score. triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to determine the infarct volume. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of inflammatory factors. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis. RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham-operated group, in the model group, the neurological severity scores of rats were significantly higher (P < 0.01); the brain infarct volume of rats was significantly higher (P < 0.01); the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the left cerebral cortex of rats was significantly increased (P < 0.01); the levels of serum inflammatory factors interleukin-1β, interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α were increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01); mRNA and protein expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 in the cerebral cortex of rats were significantly higher (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, in the electroacupuncture group, the neurological severity scores of rats were reduced (P < 0.05); the volume of cerebral infarction in rats was reduced (P < 0.05); the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the left cerebral cortex area of rats was significantly reduced (P < 0.01); the levels of serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α were reduced (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05); mRNA and protein expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 in the cerebral cortex area of rats were significantly reduced (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). To conclude, electroacupuncture treatment may exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex and alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles, EV)作为再生医学和药物递送的亚细胞疗法,近年来广受关注,而血小板作为治 疗性 EV的一个来源,具有独特的优势。血小板来源的细胞外囊泡(platelet extracellular vesicles, P-EV)具有抗凝、抗炎、促进细胞 再生和免疫调节等作用,并具有药物递送载体的潜能,其应用的主要领域包括促进伤口愈合,血管生成,促进神经、肌肉、骨骼的 生成。现对目前P-EV在皮肤再生领域的研究进展作一综述。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective It is to research the problem that Mo/Al2 O3 catalyst is highly active for the reaction between H2S and CH4 to produce H2, but couldn't sustain a long term stability especially in a condition of high CH4 content. Methods Two kinds of Mo/Al2 O3 catalysts are compared in term of both H2S and CH4 reaction rates and H2 generation rate varying with reaction time on stream under the conditions of 0. 1 MPa, 800 °C, n ( H2S) n (CH4) = 1 5, and gas hourly space velocity of 20 000 Fr' ; and the various characterization and analysis techniques and methods are also used with SEM, XRD, HRTEM, BET, EA, TG, Raman and NH3-TPD/CO2-TPD. Results The Mo/Cluster Al2O3 catalyst prepared with the cluster structure Al203 as the supporter has a better catalytic activity and stability than the Mo/Com Al203 catalyst obtained with the commercial Al203 supporter. The H2 generation rate over the Mo/Cluster Al2O3 catalyst reached 8.4 mmol/(g • min) in the initial reaction stage, which was 3. 8 times of the Mo/Com Al203 catalyst, and the decrease after 20 h is significantly less than the former; It is found that although the Cluster Al2O, supporter possessed a lower specific surface area, the dispersion of active MoS2 particles supported on Cluster Al2O3 is better and can make MoS2 particles stabilized at high temperatures. Conclusions The reason could be assigned to the suitable acidic and alkaline strength and quantity distributions on the surface of Cluster Al203. Meanwhile, smaller-particle MoS2 has more edge-exposed active sites, which make Mo/Cluster Al2O3 catalyst perform more stable during the H2S/CH4 reforming reaction, and also can inhibit carbon deposition caused by CH4 cleavage to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of CT one-stop examination in in brain hematoma. Methods patients with brain hematoma diagnosed by plain CT in our hospital from January to December 2015 were selected and performed the CT one-stop examination. The CT perfusion (CTP) parameters of hematoma volume, margin and outer zones of hematoma were measured,including the time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (MTT), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV). The differences of CTP parameters were compared between the marginal and the outer zones were compared. Meanwhile the responsibility vessels of hematoma was analyzed by using four-dimensional CT angiography (4D-CTA). Results The mean volume of hematoma was (18.83±11.91)mL, in which 40 cases were less than 30 mL, 6 cases were 30-60 mL and 4 cases were more than 60 mL. CTP displayed that TTP and MTT in the hematoma marginal zone were prolonged, while CBF and CBV were significantly decreased compared with the outer zone (P<0.05). For the responsibility vessels displayed by 4D-CTA in 23 cases, 8 cases were aneurysm, 4 cases were moyamoya,6 cases were arteriovenous malformation, 5 cases were atherosclerosis and 27 cases were blood negative. Conclusion The CT one-stop examination can three-dimensionally display perihematoma hemodynamic changes and responsibility vessels and has an important clinical diagnostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

以课堂为主的传統教学模式已不能满足学生日多样化的学习需求,移动教学模式成为推崇的学习方 学影像学这门学科具有其特殊性,以图片呈现为主,传统教学课堂PPT 田像資料板为有限,对于培养一名合格的影像医师 大缺陷。而移动学习模式则可弥补传统教学的缺点。该研究基于“蓝墨云班课"软件的移动学习课程的具体实施,发現其: 学影像学的輔助教学手段是稱秋較有效的,提高了学生 知识点的掌握程度与灵活应用能力,但仍然存在学生参与度不够、容易 业余时间侵占等缺点。“蓝墨云班课”移动学习虽不能独立替代 日前的线下教学模式,但作为传統教学的有效科克,拔大提 學质量及效果,值得进一步推广. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Ultrashort wave can inhibit the inflammatory response and is often used in symptomatic treatment of pulmonary infection. Uncontrolled inflammatory response is an important pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Inhibiting inflammation is an important strategy for controlling acute lung injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of ultrashort wave on inflammatory response and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rats with acute lung injury. METHODS: Twenty-four 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, acute lung injury group (model group) and ultrashort wave group (n=8 per group). Rats in the acute lung injury group and the ultrashort wave group were given intratracheal lipopolysaccharide to replicate the acute lung injury model. Rats in the control group were given intratracheal infusion of the same amount of normal saline. In the ultrashort wave group, rats were given ultrashort wave intervention immediately, 4 and 8 hours after lipopolysaccharide infusion, once for 15 minutes. Experimental animals were sacrificed 24 hours after intratracheal infusion of lipopolysaccharide or normal saline. The lung tissues of rats were compared by hematoxylin-eosin staining, lung histopathological semi-quantitative score and lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D). Serum levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by ELISA, and mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The study protocol was approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanhua University, approved No.202002100009. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Lung W/D ratio in the acute lung injury group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01), whereas the ratio in the ultrashort wave group was lower than that in the acute lung injury group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Pathological manifestations: In the model group, the lung tissue structure was obviously damaged, with different sizes of alveolar septa, the alveolar wall was incomplete, thickened and fractured, a large number of neutrophils were seen in the lung interstitium, and some red blood cells were exudated. In the ultrashort wave group, compared with the model group, the alveolar structure was relatively complete and clear, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and red blood cell exudation from the lung interstitium were reduced. Semi-quantitative histopathological score of the lung was significantly higher in the model group than the control group (P < 0.01), but significantly reduced in the ultrashort wave group compared with the model group (P < 0.01). Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both P < 0.01). After ultrashort wave exposure, the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-1β significantly decreased compared to the model group (both P < 0.05). After ultrashort wave exposure, the mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly decreased compared to the model group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). To conclude, ultrashort wave may inhibit the inflammatory response of the lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the effect of selective auriculotemporal nerve block(ANB)on postoperative analgesia after the operation of ROSA robot assisted intracranial electrode implantation. Methods Sixty patients with the application of ROSA robot assisted intracranial electrode implantation， aged 13-65 years old，16

BACKGROUND: Preliminary study has shown that repeated transient ischemia may induce muscle ischemia tolerance to enrich target organs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of repeated transient ischemia on atrophy of denervated gastrocnemius muscle cells in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were provided by Beijing Weitong Lihua Animal Technology Co., Ltd., and the study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University, approval number: AEEI-2017-055. The rats were randomly divided into control group (sciatic nerve injury model), experimental group (sciatic nerve injury model plus 3x(10-minute ischemia/10-minute reperfusion) and sham group [3x(10-minute ischemia/10-minute reperfusion)]. The wet mass maintenance rate of gastrocnemius, hematoxylin-eosin staining of gastrocnemius, electrophysiology of sciatic nerve, and content of vascular endothelial growth factor in gastrocnemius detected by ELISA were compared among groups at 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Electrophysiology showed that neither experimental nor control groups presented action potential or latency at 4 weeks. (2) The wet mass maintenance rate of gastrocnemius in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and the sham group was significantly superior to the experimental and control groups (P < 0.01). (3) The cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius fibers in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). (4) The content of vascular endothelial growth factor in gastrocnemius detected by ELISA in the experimental and sham groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (5) These results suggest that within 4 weeks of nerve injury, the repeated transient ischemia can effectively improve the expression of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor in gastrocnemius, thus inhibiting its atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the influence and possibly mechanism of intraperitoneal injection of protoporphyrin zine-IX (ZPP-IX) on the neurological function in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Ninety-five rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal group (re = 5) , ZPP-IX group (re =30) , ICH group (re = 30) , and DM-SO group (re = 30). In the ZPP-IX group, ICH group, and DMSO group, the rats were slowly injected w ith 50 p,L of autologous femoral artery blood to the basal ganglia on the brain stereotaxic apparatus to prepare the ICH model; the rats in the normal group were punched at the same position, without blood injection. In the ZPP-IX group, 10 mg/kg ZPP-IX was in-traperitoneally injected within 30 min after modeling. The rats in the DMSO group were given 10 mg/kg of 35% DMSO. The rats in the normal group and ICH group were given the same amount of normal saline. Garcia 18-test was used to evaluate the neurological function of rats. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of Nrf2 . binding-Nr£2 , HO-1 , NF-κB. and TNF-α. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Nrf2. binding-Nrf2. HO-1 , NF-κB. and TNF-ct. Double immunofluoresence staining method was employed to observe the co-expression of HO-1, Nrf2, NF-κB, TNF-ct and CD1 lb in the brain tissues. Results Compared with the normal group, the neurological function scores significant decreased in the ICH group, ZPP-IX group, and ZPP group at 6, 12, 24. 48. 72 h and 7 d (all P<0.05). Compared with the ICH group, the neurological function scores of the ZPP-IX group decreased at 12, 24, 48 , 72 h, and 7 d (all P<0. 05). The HO-1, Nrf2, NF-κB, and TNF-α levels significantly increased at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h and 7 d, while the binding-Nrf2 level significantly decreased in the ICH group as compared with those of the normal group (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the ICH group, the expression of HO-1 protein decreased in the ZPP-IX group at 12, 24.48,72 h and 7 d, and the expression of binding-Nrf2, NF-κB and TNF-α increased (all P <0.05). Compared with the normal group, the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA in the ICH group and DMSO group increased at each time point after modeling, and NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA expression significantly increased at 24,48.72 h and 7 d (all P <0.05). Compared with the ICH group, the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA decreased in the ZPP-IX group at 24,48, 72 h and 7 d, and the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA increased at each time point after modeling (all P <0. 05). Compared with ZPP-IX group, the positive cells with HO-1 and CD1 lb co-expression increased in the ICH group at 6, 12, 24.48, 72 h and 7 d, and the positive cells with co-expression of Nrf2 and CD1 lb increased in the ICH group at 12 , 24, 48, 72 h and 7 d (all P<0.05). Conclusion ZPP-IX aggravates the neurological impairment of ICH rats by inhibiting the HO-1 expression, then inhibiting the Nrf2 dissociating and entering nucleus, and activating the NF-κB and TNF-α expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calcium deficiency has caused many problems such as browning， poor storability for Feicheng peach，which is great economic losses for Chinese farmers. It is very significant to research the transport rule of calcium in fruit trees. In order the absorption, translocation and distribution of calcium in peach, a technique of 41Ca isotope tracer combined with AMS was developed and applied in the study. A field experiment was conducted to determine effects of injecting calcium fertilizer on tracer calcium content dynamic, calcium distribution of Feicheng peach to understand the rules of absorbing calcium and provides the theoretical basis in adding calcium nutrient and technical guidance. The experimental material is 11 years old Feicheng peach tree. Ca(N03)2 solution (including 41Ca) was injected on selected Feicheng peach fruit flees at 2015.04.30 at the florescence. Then, about every 30 days, the peach trees different organs, such as new shoots, leaves, perennial branches, were collected. All the samples were prepared to CaF) and measured at HI-13 AMS at CIAE. The main results are follows： (1) More than 60% of 41Ca were stored in the trunk and the 41Ca distribution gradually decreased from bottom to top in trunk. (2) In young fruit stage, the calcium was mainly absorbed by organs such as leaves, branches, flesh mainly concentrated, however, from the fruit swelling period to the mature stage, calcium content in the leaves and flesh was declining, and the calcium content in the perennial branches had the same tendency at the beginning but it grew in the mature stage. (3) In mature stage, from August 4 to September 2 the distribution of 41Ca of each organ showed that the organs. calcium content was higher whose transpiration was greater and the calcium contents of new organs were as follows： new shoot>pericarp>flesh. It is feasible and easy to explore the peach tree for calcium absorption and distribution by using 41Ca-AMS technology. And the rapidly calcium growing period of new shoots and leaves is at the florescence for trunk injection application of calcium. The best calcium absorption time was studied in order to provide a guidance. While there are some shortages in this experiment, such as the datum of root, new leaves for the limitation of targets in source were not got. In the future, a new and special facility to measure the built, so that more detailed study about the running rule of calcium ion in peach trees can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of ibandronate sodium on articular cartilage and the subchondral bone in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis, and to investigate whether the mechanism of ibandronate sodium is via the MAPKs signal pathway. Methods Thirty 3-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 rats in each group): Sham-operated group, anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) with intraperitoneal injection of saline (ACLT group), and anterior cruciate ligament transection with intraperitoneal injection of ibandronate sodium (the treatment group). One week after ACLT, rats in the treatment group received intraperitoneal injection of ibandronate sodium 10ug/kg once a week for 12 weeks. Rats in the ACLT group were injected with normal saline. The rats were sacrificed in 12 weeks. Mankin score was used to evaluate the cartilage of the joint. Micro-computed tomography and histology analysis were performed to evaluate subchondral micro-architecture. The expression of MMP-13 mRNA, a signal of MAPKs pathway, was determined. Results (1) The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular bone number (Tb.N) in ACLT group were significantly lower than those in Sham-operated group (P<0.05). Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was not statistically different between the two groups. Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was significantly higher in ACLT group than that in Sham-operated group (P<0.01). BV/TV and trabecular number (Tb.N) in treatment group were significantly higher than those in ACLT Group (P<0.05). Tb.Th was not statistically different between the two groups. Tb.Sp was significantly lower in treatment group than that in ACLT group (P<0.05). (2) The Mankin score in ACLT group was significantly higher than that in Sham-operated group (P<0.01). The Mankin score in treatment group was significantly lower than that in ACLT group (P<0.05). (3) The molecules in MAPKs signal pathway (C-JUN, P38, and ERK1) and MMP-13 levels in ACLT group were significantly higher than those in Sham-operated group (P<0.01). The molecules in MAPKs signal pathway (C-JUN, ERK1, and P38) and MMP-13 levels in treatment group were significantly lower than those in ACLT group (P<0.01). Conclusion Ibandronate sodium inhibits subchondral bone loss and articular cartilage degeneration in ACLT rats, at least partially, by inhibiting MAPKs signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of seedling age，light intensity and N application rate on oxalic acid，total phenolic and tannin content of 3 rice varieties and relationship with the resistance to brown planthopper (BPH) was studied in research. The results indicated that the influence of oxalic acid，total phenolic and tannin content on rice resistant to BPH was varied in different rice varieties and BPH biotypes. The resistance of IR56 to BPH biotype II and Bangladesh and Rathu Heenati (RHT) to BPH Bangladesh was closely related with total phenolic and tannin content change. RHT resistant to BPH biotype II was closely related with oxalic acid and tannin content change，and 570011 resistant to BPH biotype II was closely related with oxalic acid，total phenolic and tannin content change. While 570011 resistant to BPH Bangladesh only related with oxalic acid content change. The separate action or interaction effect of seedling age，light intensity and N application rate on secondary substances content in rice was significantly，and effect degree different in different varieties. The influence of seedling age，light intensity and N application rate on oxalic acid and tannin content of IR56，total phenolic and tannin content of RHT and 570011 were significantly. Total phenolic content of IR56 was affected obviously by seedling age and light intensity，oxalic acid content of RHT was affected obviously by light intensity and N application rate，and oxalic acid content of 570011 were affected by seedling age，light intensity and N application rate was small in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　Ｔｏ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ， ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓ， ａｎｄ ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｍｙｅｌｏｉｄ⁃ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ ｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｏｒ ｃｅｌｌｓ （ＭＤＳＣｓ） ｉｎ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ． Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ　Ｅｉｇｈｔｙ⁃ｆｏｕｒ ｃａｓｅｓ ｏｆ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ， ３７ ｃａｓｅｓ ｏｆ ｂｅｎｉｇｎ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｔｕｍｏｒ ａｎｄ ２１ ｃａｓｅｓ ｏｆ ｈｅａｌｔｈｙ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｔｕｄｙ． Ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ ｏｆ ｐｅｒｉｐｈｅｒａｌ ｂｌｏｏｄ （２ ｍｌ） ｗｅｒｅ ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄ， ａｎｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ， ｂｌｏｏｄ ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｔａｋｅｎ ｂｏｔｈ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ａｎｄ ａｆｔｅｒ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ． Ｆｌｏｗ ｃｙｔｏｍｅｔｒｙ ｕｓｉｎｇ ａｎｔｉ⁃ＣＤ１１ｂ， ＣＤ３３， ＣＤ１４ ａｎｄ ＨＬＡ⁃ＤＲ ａｎｔｉｂｏｄｙ ｗａｓ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｉｑｕｅ ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ ｍａｒｋｅｒｓ ｏｆ ＭＤＳＣｓ， ａｎｄ ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ｗａｓ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｄ ｔｏ ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ＭＤＳＣｓ ａｎｄ ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ． Ｃｅｌｌ ｉｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｉｎ ｖｉｔｒｏ ａｓｓａｙ ｗｅｒｅ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｅｓｔ Ｔ ｃｅｌｌ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ． Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ＣＤ１１ｂ＋ ＣＤ３３＋ ＣＤ１４－ ＭＤＳＣｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂｌｏｏｄ ｏｆ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ， ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｓｅ ＭＤＳＣｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｈｉｓｔｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｌｙ ｏｆ ｍｏｎｏｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ｃｅｌｌｓ． Ｃｅｌｌ ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ａｓｓａｙ ｃｏｎｆｉｒｍｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ＭＤＳＣｓ ｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｅｄ ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｈｏｍｏｌｏｇｏｕｓ Ｔ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｉｎ ｖｉｔｒｏ． ＭＤＳＣｓ ｌｅｖｅｌｓ ｉｎ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ， ｂｅｎｉｇｎ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｈｅａｌｔｈ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｗｅｒｅ （１５．９３±３．１７）％， （８．９２±４．４２）％ ａｎｄ （５．０２±２．７５）％， ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ， ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌｌｙ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ （Ｐ ＜０．００１） ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ （ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｂｅｎｉｇｎ ｌｅｓｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ ｈｅａｌｔｈｙ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓ）． Ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｏｆ ＭＤＳＣｓ ｉｎ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｗａｓ ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｓｕｒｇｉｃａｌ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ， ｂｕｔ ｎｏｔ ｗｉｔｈ ａｇｅ， ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ ｓｔａｇｅ， ｌｙｍｐｈ ｎｏｄｅ ｍｅｔａｓｔａｓｉｓ， ＥＲ ｏｒ ＰＲ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ． ＭＤＳＣｓ ｌｅｖｅｌｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｌｏｗｅｒ ｉｎ ｐｏｓｔ⁃ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ［（７．８３±３．７８） ％］ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈｅ （１５．３７±２．４９） ％ ｉｎ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ （Ｐ＜０．００１）． Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ　Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅ ｔｈａｔ ＭＤＳＣｓ ａｒｅ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｉｐｈｅｒａｌ ｂｌｏｏｄ ｏｆ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｏｆ ＭＤＳＣｓ ｉｓ ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｓｕｒｇｉｃａｌ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ． Ｏｕｒ ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔ ｔｈａｔ ＣＤ１１ｂ＋ ＣＤ３３＋ ＣＤ１４－ ＭＤＳＣｓ ａｒｅ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ ｉｎ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｉｎｉｔｉａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ， ａｎｄ ｍａｙ ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ａ ｎｏｖｅｌ ｂｉｏｍａｒｋｅｒ ｔｏ ｆａｃｉｌｉｔａｔｅ ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ ａｎｄ ｔｏ ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔ ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ｏｕｔｃｏｍｅｓ ｏｆ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｃａｎｃｅｒ． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]