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Objective -- To Analyze and compare sustainable consumption habits in the clothing segment between Brazilians and Germans. Design/methodology/approach-- Descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative research. Interviews were conducted with 15 Germans and 15 Brazilians, aged between 20 and 32 years old, in order to identify consumption habits in the clothing segment, familiarity with the theme: sustainable consumption, and levels of personal awareness regarding their consumption behavior, applying the content analysis based on Bardin (2011) as a technique. Findings -- A significant difference between the two groups was found. While Germans presented greater knowledge on the subject, which was converted into embracing sustainable conduct in the clothing segment, Brazilians demonstrated to have a more superficial knowledge, besides presenting lower levels of awareness in their consumption and sustainable practices in the analyzed segment. Therefore, it concludes that Germans have greater access to information on the theme and more interest and familiarity with the subject. Consequently, it showed that it influences their consumption behavior, presenting habits towards environmental, social, and economic concerns in the clothing segment, habits that were not identified in the Brazilian sample group. Originality/value (mandatory) -- It contributes by providing an opportunity to comparatively analyze the habits and consumption of two distinct countries, helping entrepreneurs and managers to understand the market segments better and create more powerful strategies, focusing on the value perceived by the customer in the acts of consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This article studies Ashkenazi migrations to Colombia in the nineteenth century and their role as intermediaries in the capitalist shaping of the country. This mediation occurred through a transatlantic network between Frankfurt, London, Manchester, and Bogotá via Kingston and Cartagena, a network formed over four generations by the Stiebel-Schloss-Koppel-Kopp extended family. Methodology: A significant number of documents were analyzed, related to members of the network and to the commercial firms Schloss Brothers, Stiebel Brothers, Koppel & Schloss, and Kopp & Castello, from various archives in Germany, England, Jamaica, and Colombia, as well as from the virtual genealogical platforms MyHeritage and FamilySearch. Thus, it was possible to reconstruct in great detail the chronology of their transit locations, the particular characteristics of their commercial activities, and numerous aspects of their biographical trajectories. Originality: This study considers ethnicity as a relevant variable in the economic and commercial historiography of Colombia. Specifically, it underscores the importance of the Jewish identity of many migrants arriving in the country after the Independence, a factor that allowed them to become privileged actors in foreign trade. It also contributes to a better understanding of Jewish migrations to Colombia, a subject that has received little attention by scholars. Conclusions: The article reveals the fundamental role played by the transatlantic community formed by Ashkenazi migrants as they served both the interests of the British Empire throughout Spanish America and the project of the elites of the new Spanish American republics, who sought to insert their countries into the global capitalist economic system. In the case of Colombia, this insertion meant incorporation into transatlantic commercial circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The present study has the general objective to verify the myopia level of Management students from different cultures. Design/methodology/approach - For that purpose, the methodology chosen was, as for means, quantitative and qualitative, and as for purposes, exploratory and descriptive. The primary data were collected through questionnaires and interviews applied with Brazilian and German Management students. Findings - Regarding the results, it was observed that the students of both countries have similar attitudes and behaviors concerning sustainability; moreover, it was verified moderate myopia concerning the environmental behavior of the students inside both universities despite cultural differences. Research limitations/implications - The present study cannot generalize the results for the universe Brazil and Germany, one of the limitations of the study being the cult-unit researched. Only Management students of the two countries were studied, besides being sampled for convenience. Social implications - In Bremen, the resource economy is cultural it was developed especially in the post-war periods with the restrictions imposed on the country. On the other side of the comparison, we have Fortaleza, a city in northeastern Brazil. The scourge of northeastern droughts has led the region to develop a culture of water and resource-saving. Originality/value - The study empirically tested a new concept related to sustainability with people from two countries with different realities. The consumer myopia identifies the short-term view of consumers concerned only with their immediate personal satisfaction, and who do not envisage the possibility of allying this satisfaction with sustainability in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies of the transregional circulation of knowledge in the social sciences focus on the transfer of ideas, traditions, authors, and paradigms from the global North to the South. Thus far, little attention has been paid to the circulation of Southern Theories in the global North, especially the dependency theories, which gave rise to epistemological and political transformations within European area studies and the development discussion that continue to be felt today. By analyzing the translation process of Latin American dependency theories by the prestigious Edition Suhrkamp in the Federal Republic of Germany, this article addresses precisely this gap. Focusing on this little-explored direction in the translation of social theory – from "semi-peripheral" languages to a language of the "center" – the aim is to provide an innovative empirical case study of North–South intermediations and recognition processes within the unequal process of the internationalization of the social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to identify the factors that are associated with the choice of method for the measurement of non-financial assets. To do so, a sample was selected with 150 companies from Germany, Brazil and the United Kingdom. The sample period refers to the year of adoption of IFRS in each country, being 2005 for Germany and the United Kingdom and 2010 for Brazil. The association between the accounting choices in the measurement of the non-financial assets and the country, size, profitability and level of indebtedness was verified by means of Chi-square test. The results indicate that the country, size and level of indebtedness are associated with the chosen method of measurement of non-financial assets, which was not evidenced in relation to profitability. Additionally, the results support the assumption of preference of the sample companies by the use of historical cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses How does Energiewende converge the EU into an energy security complex. We based our analysis on the Regional Security Complex theory, considering energy as a study sector, which deals with the trade-off between energy security and climate change. We find out that EU avoids extreme measures on energy, encouraging Germany to present a regional policy based on domestic experiences, which makes Germany the main exporter of renewable energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a problematization of the category of "classical" fascism that points to the awareness of the concrete contexts in which a state fascism takes place, the article proposes the analysis of the characteristics of fascism in the Italian and German social formations in the beginning of the twentieth century. By emphasizing the complex relations between the elements of the social and ideological structure present in each of these social formations, as well as the geopolitical effects of these relations, the article sustains the thesis that Italian and German fascisms respectively assumed the concrete forms of weak or elastic fascism and totalitarian fascism. Finally, the article outlines a brief summary of the form assumed by the antifascist struggle in the Italian social formation, a landmark of the so-called popular fronts and of democratization from below the struggles against fascism, as well as the military role that it fulfilled from the east front, the USSR. The methodology used is that of bibliographic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acontece nos tempos hodiernos um enorme salto no contingente de refugiados que batem à porta da Europa em busca de asilo, entretanto muros são apressadamente erguidos para evitá-los. Sendo assim, é necessário compreender que o mundo vive uma crise humanitária e reconhecer a nossa interdependência como espécie é o primeiro passo para parar de segregar cotidianamente os indivíduos no âmbito social. A Guerra civil ocorrente na Síria desde 2011, iniciada dentro do contexto da Primavera Árabe, causou uma enorme onda de imigrações para os países europeus, dentre eles a Alemanha sendo um dos principais focos, tendo recebido em 2015 cerca de 98.783 solicitações para refúgio de Sírios. Entretanto, os cidadãos não são tão receptivos devido a mixofobia existente, construída desde a Segunda Guerra mundial contra os não arianos e reforçada na questão dos Sírios, implicitamente, com a possível "ameaça", suposta pelos cidadãos, do terrorismo existente na Guerra Síria ser transferido ao país Alemão receptor de refugiados. O problema objeto da investigação científica proposta é: o terrorismo ocorrente na Síria serve como justificativa da mixofobia (disfarçada) alemã para a comunidade internacional? A partir das reflexões preliminares sobre o tema, é possível afirmar inicialmente que a mixofobia é algo que sempre existiu mundialmente, entretanto é encoberto pelas convenções sociais que visam um bem-comum, um tratamento igualitário das pessoas independente de sua etnia. Sendo assim, é necessário uma "justificativa" para a repulsão dos Alemães contra os imigrantes Sírios, que provavelmente se baseará na Soberania Nacional e como tais imigrantes tornam o país Alemão pior para se viver, menos seguro para seus cidadãos nativos, pautando assim no terrorismo, ocorrente na Guerra Síria, seus argumentos para inferiorização desses imigrantes. Diante disso, o objetivo geral do trabalho é analisar a situação dos imigrantes Sírios na Alemanha de modo a constatar a presença da mixofobia desenvolvida desde a Segunda Guerra mundial até os dias atuais contra tais estrangeiros, verificando a utilização do Terrorismo, presente na Guerra Síria, como justificativa para reprovar a presença desses imigrantes no país Alemão. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa pertence à vertente metodológica jurídico-sociológica e no tocante ao tipo de investigação, foi escolhido, na classificação de Witker (1985) e Gustin (2010), o tipo jurídico-projetivo. O raciocínio desenvolvido na pesquisa será predominantemente dialético. De acordo com a técnica de análise de conteúdo, afirma-se que se trata de uma pesquisa teórica, o que é possível a partir da análise de conteúdo dos textos doutrinários, normas e demais dados colhidos na pesquisa. Em suma, a conclusão parcial diante do estudado até então, é que seguindo a hipótese, no caso da Alemanha, existe desde a Segunda Guerra mundial um preconceito por parte da população contra os estrangeiros, principalmente os não "arianos", algo que foi alimentado através das décadas de maneira implícita após o total fracasso histórico da tentativa de supremacia de uma etnia sobre outra. Entretanto, isso não é algo exclusivo do povo Alemão e sim do próprio ser humano que possui aversão ao estranho, de acordo com Bauman, manifestado nas relações interpessoais através da história. Destarte, o terrorismo que o país Sírio é acometido, é enxergado com pavor pelos países receptores de imigrantes, como a Alemanha, pois citando o estudo de Leite Filho (2003, p.19) publicado na Revista Jurídica,"o uso da força por qualquer Estado, no sistema internacional, seja mediante uma guerra declarada ou intervenções militares com objetivos humanitários, sempre significa sofrimento, violência, morte, danos materiais e psicológicos, medo e muito desprezo pelo Direito Internacional". Logo, a mixofobia é velada pelo medo dos povos serem prejudicados e deve ser combatida imediatamente, afinal antes de sermos povos de diferentes etnias, pertencemos a uma só raça, a humana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present paper is aimed to investigate the relationship between intangible assets, macroeconomic environment and market value of German, English and Portuguese public companies from 1999 to 2016. Although the IAS 38, assigns value to intangible assets, there is a gap between accounting and the market need. This gap is given by accounting conservatism in the accounting of intangible assets and by their difficult measurement. The verification of the impact of the intangibles on the company's market value is done through the methodology proposed by Gu and Lev (2011), using proxies such as CDS, Libor and Euribor and sensitivity tests. IDE is expected to reflect intangible capital and create shareholder value. This study seeks to interpret the contribution of intangibles and to forecast their impact on the market. Originality/value: The theme of evaluation of intangible assets has been approached in several ways. Its relevance lies in the need to establish methods for its measurement. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological approach is quantitative research with panel data using Stata-15. The database is the Capital IQ with public companies, listed in Germany, England, and Portugal from 1999 to 2016, with annual frequency. Findings: The results suggest that the comprehension value has a positive and significant relationship with the market value of the companies and that the intangible capital and the intangibles-driven-earnings are positively related to research and development expenses and general, administrative procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at analysing the historical meaning of the German ideal of self-cultivation (Bildung), considering its different uses and interpretations over time. Based on the historical semantics of Reinhart Koselleck and the bibliography on the subject, it reconstructs the core transformations in its semantic structure from the beginnings in the late Middle Ages to its institutionalization in the German school system in the nineteenth century. The development of the ideal of Bildung in Germany is characterised by the tension between its function as means of integration through education and its function as instrument of social distinction. The reflexion on this educational ideal is presented as a counterpoint to some of the contemporary educational practices, based on the imperatives of the market and the neoliberal management of human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on letters sent between 1946 and 1950 from Germany to the town hall of Blumenau - SC, Brazil. In these letters, senders ask for food, clothes and mediation in order to immigrate, to find relatives and acquaintances or to exchange correspondence with inhabitants. In this text, I discuss women and men's agency through writing and sending letters and the "gender games" present in the interlocution with the adressee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to represent and discredit the political actors and systems in Latin America throughout the international news in the on-line versions of Tagesschau, Süddeutsche Zeitung and Spiegel during 2016. The authors depict how stereotyped attributions and negative images are produced when introducing Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia and Venezuela. This results in a delegitimization of the political actors and systems, as well as a reproduction of the Latin American inferiority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical study aims to describe and analyze the parliamentary system established at the end of the Cold War in Germany, the Czech Republic, and Russia, after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The change of the political system was considered the starting point, which gave way to a market economy and a modern democracy. The parliamentary discipline is also analyzed as an input for governance within a new political regime of the legislative power. Concepts such as cohesion, discipline, and unity are addressed to understand the functioning of this power according to the political regime of the moment. The tendency of Congress towards a democratic scheme is evident by observing the operational dynamics of the parliamentary system. The methodology used was theoretical, descriptive, and deductive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Founded in 1732 in Scala by Afonso Maria de Liguori, the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) became one of the most important Catholic missionary congregations to work in Europe in the 19th century, both in the consolidation of ideals ultramontanos, as in the religious action with the faithful Catholics of the peripheries and rural areas. In Germany the Redemptorists experienced until the 1860s an intense moment of missionary activity and parochial care, especially in Bavaria, whereby they became especially known for their rigorous confessionals activities. From the 1860s to the 1870s, however, some transformations in the national and international political context led the Catholicism (especially the ultramontane and with it the Jesuits and Redemptorists) to be linked, especially by some groups linked to Protestant liberalism, to an image of backwardness and superstition, something necessary to be overcome by a newly forged nation that wished to align itself on the paths of progress and modernity in consolidation in Europe. In addition to these imagery constantly reinforced by the liberal press, the Redemptorists and Jesuits were accused of threatening national sovereignty in favor of the papacy and, from the socalled Kulturkampf, were expelled from the German empire in 1873. However, one of the direct consequences of these 21 years of exile imposed on the German Redemptorists was the acceptance by them of the founding of a vice-province in Brazil, specifically in the states of Goiás and São Paulo. There, the same congregation that had once been a sign of backwardness and superstition in Germany, at the beginning of the 20th century became the main promoter of the progress and modernization of Goias, legitimating itself in the Brazilian religious field through the construction of the self-image of Catholicism as a rational,. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide a current view on curriculum development in Germany. The article is structured in three steps: In the first step is given a description of the development of the discipline Physical Education as an academic discipline in German universities after the Second World War. The second step is explaining the basic understanding of university education in Physical Education: The university training of students has two points of superior reference: 1. Physical Education in school; 2. Movement in the school environment, understood as integration of movement, play and sport throughout the school. In the third step is presented as an example the curriculum in the training of students at the University of Braunschweig. The fundamental aspect of this curriculum is its structuring in modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of an alleged anti-germanism by Bergson are not infrequent, either for his explicit refusal to kantianism, his suspicion of the idea of system, or even for his declared predilection for empiricism. Bergson's relationship with german philosophy, however, is far from providing an unequivocal interpretive framework. More specifically, we can see that the author of Matter and Memory was well informed about the german philosophical currents of his time. Besides that, according to a literature dedicated to the subject, if we go the other way, it will not be difficult to note the mutual character of this relationship and to conclude that there was indeed a german reception of the bergsonian philosophy. In view of such problems, we will attempt to provide a general picture of the relationship between Bergson and the three german philosophical currents of the turn of the nineteenth century which were the privileged terrain of this exchange: Lebensphilosophie, Phenomenology and Neokantianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the centuries, the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest became one of the most dramatic events of Antiquity, inspiring many founding myths, and a series of nationalistic and patriotic emotions. Today, however, we know the German victory over Rome can be understood in at least two ways: first, from a historical point of view; and second, from a mythical one. By examining the relationship between historical and imagined past --and the latter's importance for the formation of modern nation states--,this paper seeks to analyze the reception of the Battle of Teutoburg during the German Unification period, in order to understand the mythification processes of the German victory over the Roman Empire, and Arminius' image as a national hero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O tratado federal inter-estados da Alemanha e a estrutura regulatória do serviço público de média (SPM) foram recentemente alvo de reformas. O ponto de partida deste processo foi a chamada decisão ZDF, tomada pelo Tribunal Constitucional Federal em 25 de março de 20141. O Tribunal Constitucional Federal foi confrontado com uma avaliação da constitucionalidade da composição do conselho de radiodifusão da segunda maior empresa de televisão do país, a ZDF (Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen). O processo desencadeado resultou numa série de reformas em regimes regulatórios de vários estados da federação. Este artigo compara os processos de decisão relativos aos dois maiores operadores de serviço público no país: a WDR (Westdeutscher Rundfunk), legislativamente dependente da região Renânia do Norte-Westefalia, e a ZDF, legislativamente dependente da região Renânia-Palatinado. No caso destes dois estados federais alemães, este trabalho faz uma análise das estratégias adoptadas pelas chancelarias, as autoridades legislativas responsáveis, na negociação de um novo enquadramento regulatório. O trabalho discute ainda o tema da ‘audiência presumida’ durante as negociações e a efectiva participação da sociedade civil nos debates sobre governaçção e políticas dos média. A análise baseia-se numa sistematização em torno do cidadão e do consumidor em políticas mediáticas. A hipótese de trabalho assume que a imagem presumida sobre a audiência é diferente nos dois estados. As negociações no estado Renânia-Palatinado podem ser descritas como ambivalentes em termos da sua percepção sobre a audiência ao passo que o processo no estado de Renânia do Norte-Westefália tratou a audiência com um olhar centrado na cidadania. O estudo sugere que a decisão ZDF criou uma dinâmica de debate mais alargada sobre as políticas para os média na Alemanha, um tema até então negligenciado tanto em termos de sociedade civil, como de regulação e de estudos de comunicação. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with one of the texts published by Marx in the Franco-German Annals in 1844. It is primarily, but not solely, an analysis of form which has as object not only the order of reasons and the structure of Marx's text -- two distinct things, but also certain internal contradiction, expressed in the text, between the project and its realization. The article published in the Annals focuses on the problems of the revolution (particularly in Germany) and of philosophy (especially on the realization of philosophy, which would also be its "negation"). These themes, which centrally hold the notion of critique, are in the present text the object of a development that is both regressive and progressive, one that meets, respectively, the thought of Feuerbach in the 19th century (with its references to 18th century) and of the Frankfurt School in the 20th century. Eventually, this leads us to a balance and an assessment of both the article of the Annals and the Marxian project in general, enlightened by the experience of over a century and a half of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to verify how the news in Brazilian Portuguese published by Deutsche Welle portal are created. This content is produced by DW-Brasil, the Brazilian newsroom of the portal. Deutsche Welle is the Germany's international public broadcaster, which offers journalistic services available in several languages through radio, TV, and web. It aims to introduce to the world, mainly, Germany's cultural, political, and economic aspects. This study points out the characteristics and editorial policies of the broadcaster as well as of its Brazilian sector. We intend, through a quantitative survey, to evidence how often specific aspects compose the collected content and, this way, to identify the particularities of DW-Brasil news production process. Furthermore, the presented results are based on semi-structured interviews with the Brazilian staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify the means by which three works of contemporary musical theater embody in his own musical, technical-instrumental and scenic language a real political concern that leads them, in different ways, to innovate the genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is part of a broader project of reconstruction of "university models" and their influence on academic and scientific-technological policies in three countries: Germany, USA and Brazil, reaching a more specific evaluation of Universidade de São Paulo. What is published here is a scheme of the "kernel" of this project, which seeks to reconstruct in their broad lines processes of structural change in the past decades in the US and Germany, in order to understand more clearly the terms and specificity of the Brazilian issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to present, in a descriptive and analytical manner, the relationship between the state and religions, i.e. religious communities in Germany, as a subsidy for such discussion in Brazil. References for comparison in Brazil are, generally, France and the United States. Both the French laicité and the United States' wall of separation clearly differ from the German model. The latter does not leave doubts as to the neutrality of the state in religious matters, but presents itself, at the same time, as a model of generosity in relation to the religions. In spite of the traditional biconfessionality, this model appears to be compatible with a growing religious pluralism. The religious situation in Germany is presented in a sociological perspective, followed by an analysis of the legal situation of religions in that country in the perspective of law, historically and systematically. The article ends pointing to historical documents that show traces of the German model, suggesting to the reader that this model would be worth discussing again in today's Brazilian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about Portuguese and Luso-descendant children who reside outside of Portugal, especially how diaspora affects their childhood and what challenges they are faced with as transnational cultural mediators and as participants, when it comes to constructing their own sense of citizenship. This anthropological and ethnographic study, based on participant observation and focusing on the German cities of Duisburg, Mulheim a.d. Ruhr, and Essen, located along the industrial megalopolis that extends along the Ruhr River will reflect upon and discuss such aspects as the belonging, identity, and social participation of children belonging to these Portuguese communities. With the majority of the data collected in weekly Portuguese classes, the article refers to such aspects as the growing loss of the children's mother tongue and the apparent lack of protagonism or voice awareness demonstrated in the attitudes that go beyond the endemic spaces of ethnic identity and belonging. Through their remarks, silences, and complaints, children are pointing out that there is an existing complex, yet dynamic process behind the most obvious assumptions regarding learning Portuguese within a social, cultural, and institutional context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protection of minorities in Central Europe became a deeply controversial issue in the aftermath of World War One. The presence of a sizeable German minority in what had become Polish territory following the Versailles settlement played into the hands of political extremists on both sides when the German anti-Weimar right and Polish nationalists saw an opportunity to use the minority issue as a tool for revisionism. Whilst acknowledging that certain revisionist objectives were indeed pursued by Weimar governments, this article argues that democratic and republican forces did not use the minority problem as a direct tool for German expansionism in Eastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germany represents a worldwide reference in many fields of human knowledge, especially in science and the humanities. This essay attempts to explain how Germany, from the end of the 19th century to the 1970s, influenced Colombia in three fields of humanities: philosophy, psychology and pedagogy. These three closely related disciplines were enriched by German knowledge and the advances of such prominent figures as Nietzsche, Heidegger, Wundt and Franziska Radke. This article relates the influence of each of these figures to a specific discipline. At the end of the essay, the contributions of Nietzsche and Heidegger are revisited and thus become the central argument of this piece in explaining the continued validity of both approaches in current-day Colombia. Thus the "incarnation" of the forgetting of being proposed by Heidegger, and the reclaiming of the human put forward by Nietzsche are affirmed. Furthermore, an invitation is extended to psychology, based on the thinking of both philosophers, to propose alternatives from its research practice or intervention that promote this "return to being", interpreted in this text as a "return to the human". In this sense, the role of the psychologist is reaffirmed in a dehumanizing context such as that created by the Colombian conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is on self representations written by a former Austrian citizen who lived in Brazil and went to Germany because of the III Reich. These curricula were requested by the "Rückwandereramt" (RWA), a government office which was responsible for the returning German citizens. Based on this case study, the article discusses and analyses his curricula vitae written for two different occasions in their specific production contexts. Therefore, not only the personal file, but also other sources from the RWA collections, as well as primary and secondary sources from other archives were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shores of the Baltic Sea are strategic areas disputed by centuries for the peoples of the region. The emancipation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania has always been threatened by the expansionism of Germany and Russia. This a rticle seeks to demonstrate historically and geopolitically as Russian and German influence on the autonomy of the three Baltic States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the ways in which Portuguese migrants connect to their country of origin. How do they re-construct or re-invent elements of their (narrated) "culture of origin" in Hamburg and in other parts of Northern Germany? Based on ethnographic material and a quantitative survey, the findings suggest that alongside the decrease in language skills and participation in Portuguese associations, many elements which had shaped migrant constructions of Portuguese culture in diasporic settings, are losing importance while football identification, consumption and leisure activity seemingly remain important or are even increasing. Football provides a privileged space for performances of Portuguese belonging and (popular) culture while at the same time being a platform for intercultural encounters. The latter also holds true for Portuguese gastronomic establishments, which give space to the development of culinary and linguistically syncretism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines regimes of interethnic coexistence in Brazil and Germany taking into account three analytical levels: discourses, regulatory framework and daily life. Beyond all existing differences between these two countries, the article states that current regimes of coexistence in both cases have recently undergone a crisis of legitimacy. In Brazil, the appraisal of a mestizo nation, which is allegedly harmonic and egalitarian, contrasts with a profusion of ethnic movements claiming publicly for justice and equity. In Germany, the romantic ideal of a predestined nation defined by ancestral ties still persists. This construction contrasts with a society characterised by huge cultural pluralism and ethnic heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2011, the UN Security Council approved Resolution 1973 which settles the military intervention in Libya. Together with the BRIC-states, Germany abstained; all other states voted in favor. The article analyses the causes and potencial consequences of the German position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The German constitution declares in its fi rst Amendment that human dignity is inviolable and declares its protection as a duty of the state. The following text explores the concept of human dignity as "a right to have rights" that can be derived from this constitutional passage. References to different decisions of the German Federal Constitutional Court reveal the importance and complexity of this concept and its meaning for the understanding and interpretation of the German Constitution as such. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, a comparison of the structure of the Brazilian and German coffee chains, aims to clarify why Gerwmany is the a leading coffee exportes (mainly with regard to industrizalized items such as roasted beans and ground, instant and decaffeinated products) despite its not being a coffee producer comparable to Brazil. The theoretical base rests on the principal coordination frameworks, specifically supply chain management, netchain, networks and strictly coordinated subsystems. The methodology employed combines documental research and con tent analysis as proposed by Bardin (2000), which led to the creation of twelve criteria. Using these criteria facilitated the generation of a comparative analysis chart, presented when the data are analyzed and conclusions draw regarding the Brazilian and German coffee chains. The study concludes that the two major reasons underlying the success of Germany are the robust market strategies of its firms and the strong institucional guidelines governing their activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article proposes the axis-relations as a new paradigmatical concept of the International Relations Theory. A paradigm which was reached through the analysis of the franco-german and the argentino-brazilien bilateral relations from 1870 to the present. It allows us to analyse the creation, conduction and consolidation of regional integration processes which have, as main goal, to surpass the economical step of the most elementary forms of regional integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the problem of waste as one of the main reasons for environmental pollution of nature, and aims at showing how Germany deals with this problem, the difficulties found in this process and the success of the German model of solid waste disposal. It describes the German recycling system and points at some examples on how civil society can be motivated to participate in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to analyse the causes which explain the decline of cooperation for development between Brazil and Germany and its perspectives in a context of regional integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of the options opened to the Germany after the reunification, emphasizing the international role of FRG, its euro-protagonism and its bridge-building function between Western Europe and Eurasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the results of the German reunification process, including the difficulties in overcoming the conflicted past of two Cold-war period Germanies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

German elections strengthen the centerright alliance, project the new left and impose a historic defeat for social democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]