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The chemical and isotopic characteristics of a solidified pluton represent the integration of magmatic and sub-solidus processes operating across a range of spatial and temporal scales during pluton construction, crystallization, and cooling. Disentangling these processes and understanding where chemical and isotopic signatures were acquired requires the combination of multiple tools tracing processes at different time and length scales. We combine whole-rock oxygen and Sr-Nd isotopes, zircon oxygen isotopes and trace elements, and mineral compositions with published high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology to evaluate differentiation within the bimodal Guadalupe Igneous Complex, Sierra Nevada, California (USA). The complex was constructed in ~300 k.y. between 149 and 150 Ma. Felsic magmas crystallized as centimeter- to meter-sized segregations in gabbros in the lower part of the complex and as granites and granophyres structurally above the gabbros. A central mingling zone separates the mafic and felsic units. Pluton-wide δ18O(whole-rock), δ18O(zircon), and Sr-Nd isotopic ranges are too large to be explained by in situ, closed-system differentiation, instead requiring open-system behavior at all scales. Low δ18O(whole-rock) and δ18O(zircon) values indicate assimilation of hydrothermally altered marine host rocks during ascent and/or emplacement. In situ differentiation processes operated on a smaller scale (meters to tens of meters) for at least ~200 k.y. via (1) percolation and segregation of chemically and isotopically diverse silicic interstitial melt from a heterogeneous gabbro mush; (2) crystal accumulation; and (3) sub-solidus, high-temperature, hydrothermal alteration at the shallow roof of the complex to modify the chemical and isotopic characteristics. Whole-rock and mineral chemistry in combination with geochronology allows deciphering open-system differentiation processes at the outcrop to pluton scale from magmatic to sub-solidus temperatures over time scales of hundreds of thousands to millions of years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent associations between low serum amylase and reduced plasma insulin levels and increased adiposity have been described previously in a small study of asymptomatic middle‐aged humans. In the present study, we sought to determine the nature of such changes during the longitudinal progression from metabolically normal to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in nonhuman primates (NHPs), a disease that appears to be the same in both pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms as that which most commonly develops in middle‐aged adult humans. Amylase and lipase levels were characterized in 157 unrelated adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta); 38% developed T2DM while under study. In all monkeys, multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that amylase could be negatively predicted by % body fat (β −0.29; p = 0.002), age (β −0.27; p = 0.005), and HbA1c (β −0.18; p = 0.037). Amylase levels were positively predicted by lipase levels (β = 0.19; p = −0.024) in all NHPs included in the study. Amylase was significantly lower in NHPs with metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), prediabetes (PreDM) (p < 0.001), and T2DM (p < 0.001) compared to metabolically normal adult NHPs. Lipase increased in NHPs with PreDM (p = 0.005) and T2DM (p = 0.04) compared to normal NHPs. This is the first longitudinal study of any species, including humans, to show the dynamics of amylase and lipase during the metabolic progression from normal to metabolic syndrome, to PreDM and then to overt T2DM. The extraordinary similarity between humans and monkeys in T2DM, in pancreatic pathophysiology and in metabolic functions give these findings high translational value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satisfaction with life is a core aspect of successful aging, which is influenced by a broad range of factors, including health, socioeconomic status, and social relationships. Black lesbians experience various social challenges, including racism, sexism, ageism, and heterosexualism, that may present as deterrents to aging successfully. To develop better policies and programs in support of successful aging among all adults, an understanding of the unique components associated with their intersecting identities must be explored. This study was carried out to gain a better understanding of how Black lesbians and other Black sexual minority women (BSMW) view successful aging within the context of life satisfaction. Inferential statistics were used to determine relationships between satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) and selected independent variables. Backward stepwise regression was conducted to ascertain significant relationships of the study outcome variable. The respondents were 118 Black lesbians and other BSMW aged 50 and above. Independent t-tests showed that those living with a partner had a significantly higher SWLS-3. Backwards stepwise regression indicated the predictor variables for higher rates of SWLS-3 to be harmony in life, annual household income, and provider sensitivity/cultural competence to their patient being Black. This study provides insight on factors increasing and diminishing satisfaction with life for aging Black lesbians and other BSMW. Future research should replicate this study with a more diverse and nationally representative sample, especially given the study limitations of having recruited a highly educated sample during a global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: English allows inanimate objects to be sentence subjects (e.g., "The knife cut the bread") but Korean and Japanese restrict subjects of causal sentences on the basis of animacy. In previous work, we found that Korean speakers relaxed their native grammatical animacy constraint when immersed in English (e.g., found knives to be acceptable sentence subjects in Korean). We suggested this L2 influence occurred because the Korean animacy constraint does not map cleanly onto the semantic representation of animacy—some inanimate objects (e.g., "fire") can be subjects of causal sentences. In the current study, we further test this idea by examining the case of Japanese–English bilinguals. We predict that because the Japanese animacy constraint aligns well with the semantic representation of animacy, it will be less susceptible to L2 influence. Methodology: We first independently assessed the semantic representation of animacy by comparing animacy ratings from native speakers of Korean, Japanese, and English for 60 objects. We then asked Japanese–English bilinguals and Japanese monolinguals to provide grammaticality judgments for sentences that varied in subject animacy. Data and Analysis: We analyzed participants' animacy ratings and grammaticality judgments using mixed-effects models. Findings: Animacy ratings supported a closer correspondence between semantic representation of animacy and the grammatical animacy constraint for Japanese grammar than for Korean grammar. In contrast to previous results for Korean speakers, Japanese–English bilinguals' grammaticality judgments did not significantly differ from those of Japanese monolinguals. Originality: The current study is unique in that it suggests the vulnerability of structures at the syntax–semantics interface to L2 influence varies across different language groups based on the alignment between syntactic and semantic features. Implications: The current findings support the possibility that representations at the syntax–semantics interface may only be vulnerable to influence when syntax is incongruent with semantic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chatbots are becoming omnipresent in our daily lives. Despite rapid improvements in natural language processing in the last years, the technology behind chatbots is still not completely mature, and chatbots still make a lot of mistakes during their interactions with users. Since it is not possible to completely prevent mistakes due to technological constraints, this article aims to investigate whether a human-like communication style can reduce the negative impact of chatbots' mistakes on users. Taking a combination of the Technology Acceptance Model and the concepts of Perceived Enjoyment and Social Presence as a theoretical basis, we conducted an online experiment in which participants interacted with a chatbot and completed a survey afterwards. We found that chatbot mistakes have a negative effect on users' perceptions of Ease of Use, Usefulness, Enjoyment, and Social Presence. Human-like communication was found to be effective in reducing the negative impact of mistakes on Perceived Enjoyment. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student evaluations of teachers (SETs) are often used to evaluate teachers' performance in higher education. However, several factors unrelated to performance can lead to biased SETs. The present experimental research was designed to examine whether native or non-native teachers could be evaluated differently by students in higher education. In two studies, students were presented with short vignettes of either a native or non-native teacher. Subsequently, explicit evaluations and implicit associations of the teacher and the assignments of the teacher were registered. Additionally, participants' implicit in-group favouritism was assessed to examine whether possible differences in evaluations depend on implicit biases. Both explicit evaluations and implicit associations did not significantly differ depending on whether the teacher was native or non-native, and no significant effect of implicit in-group bias was found. Possible theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic out-group members are disproportionately more often the victim of misidentifications. The so-called other-race effect (ORE), the tendency to better remember faces of individuals belonging to one's own ethnic in-group than faces belonging to an ethnic out-group, has been identified as one causal ingredient in such tragic incidents. Investigating an important aspect for the ORE—that is, emotional expression—the seminal study by Ackerman and colleagues (2006) found that White participants remembered neutral White faces better than neutral Black faces, but crucially, Black angry faces were better remembered than White angry faces (i.e., a reversed ORE). In the current study, we sought to replicate this study and directly tackle the potential causes for different results with later work. Three hundred ninety-six adult White U.S. citizens completed our study in which we manipulated the kind of employed stimuli (as in the original study vs. more standardized ones) whether participants knew of the recognition task already at the encoding phase. Additionally, participants were asked about the unusualness of the presented faces. We were able to replicate results from the Ackerman et al. (2006) study with the original stimuli but not with more standardized stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shares four Sea Grant-funded projects from across the United States. The Hawai'i project integrates Western science and Hawaiian culture in placeand community-based teaching. The Maryland program takes a project-based learning approach to aquaculture education in the formal education system. The Massachusetts (MIT) project focuses on state-of-the-art technology in engineering, robotics, and ocean science. The Virginia project emphasizes science communication and lesson plan design. What all four projects have in common is their focus on environmental literacy and teacher professional development in formal education. This approach aims to raise the quality of STEM instruction by expanding teachers' knowledge, skills, and resources. Training teachers also efficiently utilizes resources by maximizing the number of students we ultimately reach, thereby creating sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes that parents face when caring for a child with a life-limiting condition at home can affect them on a spiritual level. Yet, indications remain that parents do not feel supported when dealing with spiritual issues related to caring for a severely ill child. This paper explores, from the perspectives of bereaved parents, chaplains, grief counselors, and primary health care providers, the barriers to supporting the spiritual needs of parents. We conducted a qualitative focus group study from a constructivist point with chaplains/grief counselors, primary care professionals, and bereaved parents. All groups participated in two consecutive focus group sessions. Data were thematically analyzed. Six chaplains/grief counselors, 6 care professionals, and 5 parents participated. We identified six barriers: (1) There were difficulties in identifying and communicating spiritual care needs. (2) The action-oriented approach to health care hinders the identification of spiritual care needs. (3) There is an existing prejudice that spiritual care needs are by nature confrontational or difficult to address. (4) Spiritual support is not structurally embedded in palliative care. (5) There is a lack of knowledge and misconceptions about existing support. (6) Seeking out spiritual support is seen as too demanding. Conclusion: Parents of children with life-limiting conditions face existential challenges. However, care needs are often not identified, and existing support is not recognized as such. The main challenge is to provide care professionals and parents with the tools and terminology that suit existing care needs. What is Known: • Spiritual care needs are an important aspect of pediatric palliative care. • Parents of children with life-limiting conditions feel unsupported when dealing with spiritual questions. What is New: • Parents and professionals mention barriers that hinder spiritual support for parents. • There is a disconnect between existing support and the care needs that parents have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal representations guide our navigation of the world, while language allows us to share some of what is encoded internally with others. I have been interested in the content of thought, the nature of word meanings and what they reveal about thought, and how thoughts are expressed in words. My work has combined evidence from laboratory experimentation with observation of word use in natural settings, including from people who speak different languages. Some of the ideas guiding the work are these: understanding entities in the world non‐linguistically engages different representations and processes than talking about them; patterns of word use in a language reflect cultural and linguistic history, not only conceptual representations of current speakers; linguistic and non‐linguistic knowledge is therefore at least partially independent, and so language and thought will not always closely parallel one another; the beliefs people express about their concepts and word meanings may not accurately reflect the implicit knowledge they draw on in interacting with and talking about the world; and only by carefully observing actual word use can we understand how word meanings come about and how linguistic knowledge is used to select words for communication. I have been interested in thought, word meanings, and how thoughts are expressed in words. My work has used laboratory experiments and observations in natural settings and includes evidence from children and people who speak different languages. This paper provides an overview of my program of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article argues that child farm injuries are never accidents and that the professional discipline of agricultural safety and health and the agricultural media failed to keep pace with injury prevention or occupational safety groups that have transitioned their terminology term from accident to incident. It traces the historical roots of the problem of accidents and highlights initiatives undertaken by the U.S. National Farm Medicine Center to replace the term accident with an alternate term.

Robots are becoming an integral part of society, and might soon take on roles involving making morally relevant decisions. In a pre-registered experiment (n = 184), we investigated which factors modulate the extent to which we trust a robot to make a moral choice. Specifically, the effects of anthropomorphic appearance and anthropomorphic agency and affect attributions were assessed. Participants were presented with moral dilemmas in which the individual having to make a decision was a humanoid or mechanical robot. Each robot was described in vignettes in which they were attributed with agency and/or affective states. Subsequently, participants' implicit moral trust in the robot was measured, as well as explicit trust, perceived capability of the robot, and the extent to which they felt the robot was responsible for its choice. Both agency and affective state attributions were found to impact participants' implicit and explicit trust as well as the perceived capability of the robot. Moreover, across conditions, mechanical robots were trusted significantly more than humanoid robots to take moral choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the focus of the European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law (ECTIL) and the Institute for European Tort Law on liability for defective products. While the 1985 Product Liability Directive provided a uniform regime in Member States, a new proposal for a revised directive was published by the European Commission in 2022. The article highlights a Special Session of the 23rd Annual Conference on European Tort Law dedicated to product liability and the papers presented at the session. These papers provide an overview and analysis of the changes in the new regime, focus on rules regarding burden of proof and presumptions, offer a law and economics analysis, and assess the new directive's ability to address challenges in a changing world. [Extracted from the article]

Threats to the health of our environment are numerous. Much research in science and engineering is devoted to documenting, understanding, and attempting to mitigate the harm itself. The root challenge for sustainability, however, is human behavior. As such, changes to human behaviors and the internal processes that drive them are also essential. Critical to understanding sustainability‐related behaviors is the individual's conceptualization of the natural world and its components and processes. The papers in this topiCS issue address these conceptualizations by drawing from anthropological, linguistic, educational, philosophical, and social cognitive perspectives as well as traditional psychological approaches to the study of concepts and their development in children. They engage with many domains bearing on environmental sustainability including climate change, biodiversity, land and water conservation, resource use, and design of the built environment. They coalesce around four broad themes: (a) What people know (or believe) about nature broadly and about specific aspects of nature, and how they acquire and use this knowledge; (b) how knowledge is expressed and shared via language; (c) how knowledge and beliefs interact with affective, social, and motivational influences to yield attitudes and behaviors; and (d) how members of different cultures and speakers of different languages differ in these ways. The papers also point to lessons for advancing sustainability via public policy and public messaging, education, conservation and nature management, and design of the built environment. The root challenge for environmental sustainability is human behavior. Critical to understanding sustainability‐related behaviors is the individual's conceptualization of the natural world and its components and processes. The papers in this issue address these conceptualizations by drawing from anthropological, linguistic, educational, philosophical, and social cognitive perspectives as well as traditional psychological approaches to the study of concepts and their development in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domain knowledge is often considered a minor contributor to environmental attitudes, with social and motivational factors dominating. Yet, domains may differ. Declining insect populations are a critical conservation concern but are not prominent in public discourse, potentially reducing the impact of social and motivational variables. We present data on the relations of insect knowledge (both propositional and causal), associated emotional valences, and political orientation to concern for insect conservation, for samples of American college students and U.S. and U.K. Prolific workers. We asked whether concern for insect conservation is more associated with knowledge than emotional valence or political orientation, and whether this is especially so for U.K. residents, who have a reputation for a love of nature that is not linked to political identity. We found that U.K. participants did show greater overall concern, consistent with the national reputation. Causal knowledge mattered, but political orientation was the strongest predictor of concern for insect conservation for both U.S. and U.K. participants. Valence contributed for U.S. participants but not for U.K. participants. Our results suggest that politicized public discourse penetrates attitudes toward insects even when it does not explicitly concern insects, and knowledge variation has less impact. However, the emotional reaction has a reduced influence where relevant discourse is less polarized. Insects may often evoke negative emotions and motivations, but it is not impossible to love a bug. We studied psychological barriers to insect conservation, a pressing environmental issue. Despite absence of politicized public discourse about insects, political orientation was a major driver of conservation concern, as was the emotional valence of people's insect knowledge. Knowledge of insects' roles in ecosystems showed more limited influence, but improving causal knowledge may yield more positive emotions and moderate the impact of political orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participatory health research (PHR) and the use of arts-based methods continues to grow in popularity. Many scholars acknowledge the importance of (visual) ethics, especially in the dissemination of photographs in a digital age, but ethical issues that arise in relation to contact with the press and social media are not well documented. This article presents second-person action research of a critical case of photovoice in which ethical issues arose when a newspaper report reinforced stigma and was widely disseminated via social media. Press and social media can rapidly engage people for social change, but this also presents risks. What is the potential to de-stigmatize in such situations? The context of the case in this article is the participatory KLIK project, a Dutch initiative which aims to improve the health and resilience of school children aged 8–11 years in a deprived neighbourhood. Awareness of the possibility of political listening and viewing is fundamental for an ethical practice. This article shows the importance of co-ownership, media literacy and collaborative learning about ethics in PHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

True branching is a facultative characteristic only known from two cyanobacteria in the Aphanizomenonaceae, Umezakia natans and Dolichospermum brachiatum. In both cases, its expression has been associated with environmental stress, and its practical use as a diacritical feature has been previously evaluated. In this study, we undertook further evaluation of the phylogeny of Umezakia natans and its relationship to Chrysosporum ovalisporum as a previous study suggested the two were potentially congeneric. We used combined morphological, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic approaches to determine their relatedness using new strains available from a broad geographic range. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Australian C. ovalisporum and Japanese U. natans strains clustered together with accessions of C. ovalisporum originating from Australia, Israel, and Spain, with high p‐distance similarity values (99.5%–99.9%). Additionally, differences between the two species in the 16S–23S ITS region was low (0%–2.5%). The average nucleotide identity of the U. natans and C. ovalisporum strains was also high (ANI of > 99.5 and AF > 0.9) and supported a genus‐level separation from Chrysosporum bergii (83 ANI between clusters). Furthermore, in culture, strains of both species grown in vitamin‐free media showed facultative true branching, a feature not previously known in C. ovalisporum. Collectively, the results support unification of C. ovalisporum and U. natans according to the principle of priority as Umezakia ovalisporum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Decreased serum creatinine levels are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in humans, however, its association with muscle mass and insulin sensitivity have not been studied in NHPs. Methods: Retrospective data of 229 adult NHPs were studied for association of serum creatinine levels with muscle mass and onset of T2DM. Results: Serum creatinine levels were positively correlated with lean muscle mass in nondiabetic (non‐DM), male and female NHPs. Aged NHPs had significantly reduced lean muscle mass and corresponding creatinine levels compared to young age groups (p <.001). Creatinine was positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in nonDM male NHPs and significant decrease in creatinine was observed in T2DM (p <.001) compared to same age group nonDM NHPs. Conclusions: The pathophysiology of T2DM in NHPs is similar to humans, low creatinine further provides utility of surrogate biomarkers of lower muscle mass and risk factor for T2DM NHPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Art 4:202, in: European Group on Tort Law (ed), Principles of European Tort Law [2005] no 21). In 2005, the European Group on Tort Law (EGTL) published the text and commentary of its Principles of European Tort Law (PETL). 7 See I BA Koch i , Strict Liablity, in: European Group on Tort Law (ed), Principles of European Tort Law (2005) no 4. 8 See I Koch i (fn 7) no 4. [Extracted from the article]

Background. The bidirectional relationship between sleep and blood glucose levels may particularly affect adolescents and young adults (AYA), who are more likely to experience less healthy glycemic outcomes and more disrupted sleep patterns. To date, few data exist describing the impact of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) on habitual sleep patterns and sleep quality in AYA with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Objective. To evaluate the impact of 6-month use of isCGM on habitual sleep and wake timing, sleep duration, frequency, and duration of night-time awakenings, sleep efficiency, and perceived sleep quality in young people with T1D and HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol. Participants. The study recruited 64 participants aged 13–20 years (mean 16.6 ± 2.1), 48% female, diabetes duration 7.5 ± 3.8 years, 41% Māori or Pasifika, and a mean HbA1c 96.0 ± 18.0 mmol/mol [10.9 ± 3.8%]; 33 were allocated to an isCGM plus self-monitoring blood glucose [SMBG] intervention, and 31 were allocated to the SMBG control group. Methods. Participants completed 7-day actigraphy measures and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire at the baseline and at 6 months. Regression analyses were used to model between-group comparisons, adjusted for baseline sleep measures. Results. At 6 months, subjective measures for overall sleep quality, latency, duration, efficiency, night-time disturbances, use of sleep medications, and daytime dysfunction were similar between the groups. Regression analyses of actigraphy found no significant differences in objectively measured sleep timing and duration across the week after adjusting for age, the period of the school year, and baseline sleep values. Conclusions. The use of first-generation isCGM in addition to finger-prick testing did not impact objective or subjective sleep measures in AYA with T1D, elevated HbA1c, and highly variable sleep patterns. Research using alternative interventions for improving glycemic outcomes and habitual sleep-wake timing, duration, and perceived sleep quality is warranted in this population group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient decisions to bypass the closest labor & delivery (L&D) facility in favor of other birthing locations can have consequences for the provision of health care in rural and micropolitan areas as patient volumes decline and payer mixes change. Among 220 589 uncomplicated births in Iowa, we document characteristics of birth parents who bypass their closest birthing facility, show how this bypassing behavior results in changed travel times to delivery facilities across the rural/urban divide, and indicate the parts of the state where bypassing behavior is most prevalent. From 2013 to 2019, 55.2% of deliveries occurred in facilities that were further from birthing parents' residences than the closest L&D facility. Bypassing is associated with White, non‐Hispanic race/ethnicity, and private insurance status. Although bypassing is least common among micropolitan birth parents, this group has the greatest travel burden to birthing facilities and exhibits increasing rates of bypassing over time. Perinatal quality improvement programs can target locations and populations where low‐risk birthing parents can be encouraged to deliver close to home if medically appropriate, particularly in small towns and rural areas. This can potentially alleviate the risk of obstetric deserts by ensuring L&D units maintain patient volumes necessary to continue operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained form of arrhythmia in the human population that leads to important electrophysiological and structural cardiac remodeling as it progresses into a chronic form. Calcium is an established key player of cellular electrophysiology in the heart, yet to date, there is no information that maps calcium signaling across the left atrium. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether calcium signaling is homogenous throughout the different regions of the left atrium. This work tests the hypothesis that differences across the healthy left atrium contribute to a unique, region-dependent calcium cycling and participates in the pro-arrhythmic activity during atrial fibrillation. Methods: An animal model relevant to human cardiac function (the sheep) was used to characterize both the electrical activity and the calcium signaling of three distinct left atrium regions (appendage, free wall and pulmonary veins) in control conditions and after acetylcholine perfusion (5 μM) to induce acute atrial fibrillation. High-resolution dual calcium-voltage optical mapping on the left atria of sheep was performed to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium signaling in relation to electrophysiological properties. Results: Action potential duration (at 80% repolarization) was not significantly different in the three regions of interest for the three pacing sites. In contrast, the time to 50% calcium transient decay was significantly different depending on the region paced and recorded. Acetylcholine perfusion and burst pacing-induced atrial fibrillation when pulmonary veins and appendage regions were paced but not when the free wall region was. Dantrolene (a ryanodine receptor blocker) did not reduce atrial fibrillation susceptibility. Conclusion: These data provide the first evidence of heterogenous calcium signaling across the healthy left atrium. Such basal regional differences may be exacerbated during the progression of atrial fibrillation and thus play a crucial role in focal arrhythmia initiation without ryanodine receptor gating modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite efforts to create dedicated smoking areas and no‐smoking signs, many smokers continue to light their cigarettes in front of public building entrances—leading to concerns over health consequences for non‐smokers passing by. To increase compliance with no‐smoking requests, behavioral interventions that tap into habitual and automatic processes seem promising. A pseudo‐randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the differential impact of seven behavioral interventions based on Cialdini's principles of persuasion. Over a period of 9 weeks, the number of smokers was counted (total n = 17,930 observations) in front of a German University Medical Center. Relative to a baseline and a control condition, interventions based on the principles of reciprocity, scarcity, and authority were most effective in reducing the number of observed smokers in front of the building entrance (41.5%, 45.7%, and 52.1% reduction rates, respectively). Having observed smokers' behavior in vivo, this study provides substantial evidence for the impact of persuasive strategies on outdoor smoking. In the future, this knowledge should be used to protect non‐smokers from second‐hand smoke by increasing the use of designated smoking areas, leave to another place to smoke, or not smoke at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fe3+/FeT ratios (Fe3+/[Fe2++Fe3+]) in minerals can be used to understand their crystallization and post-crystallization conditions. However, as natural minerals are often zoned and contain inclusions, bulk techniques, e.g., wet chemistry, may not provide accurate Fe3+/FeT values for a single phase of interest. We determined Fe3+/FeT ratios of amphiboles in different crystallographic orientations by single-crystal synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy (SMS) in energy and time domain modes from four volcanic localities (Long Valley Caldera, Mount St. Helens, Lassen Volcanic Center, U.S.A., and Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines). The high spatial resolution (as low as 12 x 12 ^m spot size) and standardfree nature of SMS allow the detection of intra-grain compositional heterogeneities in Fe3+/FeT with relatively low uncertainties. We combine SMS with major element compositions, water contents, and hydrogen isotope compositions to document the Fe3+/FeT ratios as a function of mineral composition and post-crystallization dehydrogenation. Spectra were fitted with up to five distinct sites: ferrous iron on M( 1), M(2), M(3), and ferric iron on M(2) and M(3), consistent with X-ray diffraction studies on single crystals of amphibole. The Fe3+/FeT ratios range from 0.14 ± 0.03 (Long Valley Caldera), 0.51 to 0.63 ± 0.02 (representing intra-grain heterogeneities, Mount St. Helens) to 0.86 ± 0.03 (Lassen Volcanic Center). The latter grain experienced post-crystallization dehydrogenation, shown by its low water content (0.6 ± 0.05 wt%) and its elevated hydrogen isotope composition (SD = +25 ± 3%o relative to SMOW). The Fe3+/FeT ratios of 0.62 ± 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.01 of two Mt. Pinatubo grains correlate with high-Al2O3 cores and low-Al2O3 rims and smaller phenocrysts in the sample, respectively. This study shows that SMS is capable of distinguishing two different domains with dissimilar Fe3+/FeT values formed under different crystallization conditions, demonstrating that SMS in combination with major element, water, and hydrogen isotope compositions allows the interpretation of amphibole Fe3+/FeT ratios in the context of crystallization and post-crystallization processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodevelopmental disabilities are common in infants with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). A prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted to establish the prevalence and early determinants of adverse motor outcomes in infants who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass before six months of age. Motor development was assessed in 147 preschoolers using the Movement Assessment Battery for children-II. Although the majority displayed an average motor development, 22% of preschool children with CCHD deteriorated in their motor developmental score compared to their previous assessment at 18 months, especially in those with an aortic arch anomaly (AAA) (35%). Individual stability over time appeared to be moderate and the number of children with a motor delay increased, up to 20% in children with AAA. Motor development up to 42 months was best predicted by gestational age, cardio pulmonary bypass time, aortic cross clamp time, number of heart catheterizations up to 18 months and early motor outcomes. The increase in number of preschool children with a motor delay underlines the importance of longitudinal screening of motor skills in children with CCHD at risk for adverse motor outcomes. Offering early interventions may protect their current and future cardiovascular health as motor development is an independent predictor of exercise capacity, physical activity and participation in daily living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the adaptive behaviors of animals to access prey, including morphological adaptations like elongated fingers in lemurs, behavioral adaptations like prey dropping, and tool use in various species. Law et al. demonstrate that tool use by southern sea otters enhances foraging success while reducing tooth damage, providing a direct link between physical benefits of tool use and overall fitness in this species.

The article discusses the collaboration between the University of Hawai‘i, Hawai‘i Sea Grant, and the Sumida watercress farm to train a new generation of community-engaged scientists. The farm, which has been in operation since 1928, relies on water from freshwater springs that have seen a decline in flow due to various factors. The collaboration involves co-designing research projects with local and Native Hawaiian students and farmers to address the farm's needs, such as water quality testing and monitoring. The project has had a positive impact on participants' awareness of sea level rise, food security, and commitment to community partnerships, and may serve as a model for training community-engaged scientists. [Extracted from the article]

Second language (L2) learners may have a “semantic accent,” using L2 words differently from a native speaker. The current studies investigate how learning conditions and the need to use different semantic dimensions may constrain the acquisition of L2 meanings.In Experiment 1, we asked whether first language (L1) Mandarin speakers would successfully learn English carry and hold with intensive input in a laboratory training procedure. In Experiment 2, we asked whether the difficulties observed were due to differing semantic dimensions per se or to the need to move from a larger number of fine-grained native distinctions to a smaller number of broader English meanings.Word definitions and label choice after training were scored for consistency with native performance.Experiment 1 supported the idea that intensive input helps, but Experiment 2 suggested that any kind of semantic difference from L1 is challenging even with intensive input.The current study clarifies the contributions of learning conditions and L1-L2 semantic differences in semantic accent.Reducing semantic accent may require instruction in specific L1-L2 differences and cultivation of metacognitive sensitivity to the potential for differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the rising number of acutely hospitalised older people in the coming years, there is increased interest in tailoring care to the individual goals and preferences of patients in order to reach patient‐centred care. Aims: To investigate the goals of older hospitalised patients and the extent to which these goals were reached during hospitalisation. Methods: A single‐centre prospective cohort study was performed in The Netherlands between December 2017 and January 2018. Participants aged 70 years or older were included. In the first 3 days of hospitalisation, a semi‐structured interview was conducted to assess the patient goals regarding the hospital admission. At 1−2 weeks after discharge, patients were asked to what extent the recent hospitalisation had contributed to reaching their goals. Results: One hundred and four patients were included and follow up was completed for 86 patients. The main goals reported at hospital admission were 'remaining alive' (72.1%), 'feeling better' (71.2%) and 'improving condition' (65.4%). Hospitalisation seemed to have a positive contribution to reaching the goals 'remaining alive', 'knowing what is wrong', 'feeling better', 'reducing pain' and 'controlling disease'. Hospitalisation seemed to contribute little to reaching the goals in the categories 'enjoying life', 'independency and freedom', 'improving daily functioning', 'hobbies and work' and 'social functioning'. Conclusions: It is important for healthcare professionals to know the goals of their patients. The majority of these goals were not achieved at hospital discharge. It is important to be aware of this, so sufficient aftercare can be arranged and patients can be prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Gain insight into the process of shared decision‐making (SDM) in daily hospital care for patients with dementia from nurses' perspectives. Design: Explorative qualitative design. Methods: In‐depth digital interviews were conducted with 14 registered nurses between June and November 2022. A phenomenological approach was applied using Colaizzi's seven‐step method. Results: Five themes were identified in the data: (1) SDM in daily care: How shared decision‐making is applied; (2) Nurses' perceptions and competence: How nurses perceive and manage SDM; (3) Nurses' roles and advocacy: The evolving roles of nurses and their advocacy efforts, (4) Recognition of dementia and its impact: How nurses recognize and manage dementia; and (5) Interventions to support SDM: Strategies and interventions to facilitate SDM. Conclusion: This study highlights the complexity of SDM in patients with dementia. It demonstrates the importance of the involvement of relatives, omission of patient goals in discussions and perceived deficiencies of nurses. The early identification of dementia, evaluation of nuanced capacity and targeted communication are essential. Further research and enhanced training are required to improve care in this context. Impact: Potential areas for further research on SDM in nurses involving patients with dementia include investigating the effects of integrating goal discussions into SDM training for nurses, overcoming barriers to SDM competence, and challenging the idea that SDM is solely the responsibility of physicians. These findings highlight the need for policies that encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, address misconceptions and recommend training programmes that focus on applying SDM to the daily care of patients with dementia, thereby improving the overall quality of patient care. Reporting Method: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used for reporting. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) contributes to tumor progression, promoting therapy resistance and immune cell evasion. Definitive molecular features of this plasticity have largely remained elusive due to the limited scale of most studies. Leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing data from 266 tumors spanning eight different cancer types, we identify expression patterns associated with intratumoral EMP. Integrative analysis of these programs confirmed a high degree of diversity among tumors. These diverse programs are associated with combinations of various common regulatory mechanisms initiated from cues within the tumor microenvironment. We show that inferring regulatory features can inform effective therapeutics to restrict EMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporary storage and re- use of tools can significantly enhance foraging efficiency. New Caledonian crows in one of our study populations use two types of stick tools -- hooked and non- hooked -- which differ in raw material, manufacture costs, and foraging performance. Using a large sample of wild- caught, temporarily captive New Caledonian crows, we investigated experimentally whether individuals prefer one tool type over the other when given a choice and whether they take better care of their preferred tools between successive episodes of use, safely storing them underfoot or in nearby holes. Crows strongly preferred hooked stick tools made from Desmanthus virgatus stems over non-hooked stick tools. Importantly, this preference was also reflected in subsequent tool-handling behaviour, with subjects keeping hooked stick tools safe more often than non- hooked stick tools sourced from leaf litter. These results suggest that crows 'value' hooked stick tools, which are both costlier to procure and more efficient to use, more than non- hooked stick tools. Results from a series of control treatments suggested that crows altered their tool 'safekeeping' behaviour in response to a combination of factors, including tool type and raw material. To our knowledge, our study is the first to use safekeeping behaviour as a proxy for assessing how non- human animals value different tool types, establishing a novel paradigm for productive crosstaxonomic comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fieldwork plays an important role in research projects across a variety of fields, especially in the multidisciplinary setting of natural and social science research. As is the nature of fieldwork, things do not always work out as planned, and yet this is not often written about. In response to the need for honest and transparent accounts of fieldwork, the purpose of this article is to review the methods used during fieldwork for the first author's dissertation research on ethnoveterinary knowledge. Methods: To critically review and reflect on the fieldwork methods used for an ethnoveterinary study in Mongolia, we compare the theory underpinning each method with the practical reality of implementing the method in the field. From this comparison, we draw out and discuss a number of key themes. Results: Eighteen methods and approaches used for the research project are reviewed and compared. From this, we distil and further discuss the following five overarching themes: reflections on specific data collection methods (free listing, semi-structured interviews with interpreters, voucher specimen collection); assumptions around involving local people; power dynamics; gender relations; and researcher well-being. Conclusion: By juxtaposing the theory and practical reality of the methods used, we highlight many potential fieldwork challenges and, within this context, offer general pointers, especially for novice female researchers doing fieldwork in foreign countries. A critical review of this type, where the experience and use of various methods, techniques, and approaches are openly shared and evaluated, is a contribution to selecting, adapting, and fine-tuning the methods best suited to a particular research context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess the most influential barriers midwives perceive in communicating about depression-related symptoms with ethnic minority clients.Methods: In-depth interviews were held with midwives (N = 8) and Moroccan-Dutch women (N = 6) suffering from perinatal depression to identify the most salient communication barriers. Subsequently, an online survey among midwives (N = 60) assessing their perceived barriers and the occurrence of these barriers in practice was administered. Composite scores using the QUOTE methodology were calculated to determine influential barriers.Results: Three types of barriers emerged from the interviews. Educational-related barriers, client-related barriers and midwife-related barriers. Results of the survey showed that the most influential barriers were educational-related barriers (e.g. lack of culturally sensitive depression screening instruments) and client-related barriers (e.g. cultural taboo about talking about depression).Conclusion: Culturally sensitive screening instruments for depression and patient education materials should be developed to mitigate the educational-related barriers to communicating about depression. Patient education materials should also target the clients' social environment (e.g. husbands) to help break the cultural taboo about depression.Practice Implications: Based on this study's results, communication strategies to empower both midwives and ethnic minority clients with depression can be developed in a collaborative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence, spread, and establishment of innovations within cultures can promote adaptive responses to anthropogenic change. We describe a putative case of the development of a cultural adaptation to urban environments: opening of household waste bins by wild sulphur-crested cockatoos. A spatial network analysis of community science reports revealed the geographic spread of bin opening from three suburbs to 44 in Sydney, Australia, by means of social learning. Analysis of 160 direct observations revealed individual styles and site-specific differences. We describe a full pathway from the spread of innovation to emergence of geographic variation, evidencing foraging cultures in parrots and indicating the existence of cultural complexity in parrots. Bin opening is directly linked to human-provided opportunities, highlighting the potential for culture to facilitate behavioral responses to anthropogenic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the highlights of the Virtual 2021 North American Agricultural Safety Summit. Topics discussed include the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted lives in ways never before imagined. Individuals, businesses, and organizations adjusted to restrictions and redirections on virtually every aspect of their daily lives and future plans; and the multi-year preparation for the national conference of the Agricultural Safety and Health Council of America (ASHCA) was equally affected.

Background: A previous single-center survey of trauma and general surgery faculty demonstrated perceived positive impact of trauma and surgical subspecialty service-based advanced practice providers (SB APPs). The aim of this multicenter survey was to further validate these findings.Methods: Faculty surgeons on teams that employ SB APPs at 8 academic centers completed an electronic survey querying perception about advanced practice provider (APP) competency and impact.Results: Respondents agreed that SB APPs decrease workload (88%), length of stay (72%), contribute to continuity (92%), facilitate care coordination (87%), enhance patient satisfaction (88%), and contribute to best practice/safe patient care (83%). Fewer agreed that APPs contribute to resident education (50%) and quality improvement (QI)/research (36%). Although 93% acknowledged variability in the APP level of function, 91% reported trusting their clinical judgment.Conclusion: This study supports the perception that SB APPs have a positive impact on patient care and quality indicators. Areas for potential improvement include APP contribution to resident education and research/QI initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, collapse of ecosystems—potentially irreversible change to ecosystem structure, composition and function—imperils biodiversity, human health and well‐being. We examine the current state and recent trajectories of 19 ecosystems, spanning 58° of latitude across 7.7 M km2, from Australia's coral reefs to terrestrial Antarctica. Pressures from global climate change and regional human impacts, occurring as chronic 'presses' and/or acute 'pulses', drive ecosystem collapse. Ecosystem responses to 5–17 pressures were categorised as four collapse profiles—abrupt, smooth, stepped and fluctuating. The manifestation of widespread ecosystem collapse is a stark warning of the necessity to take action. We present a three‐step assessment and management framework (3As Pathway Awareness, Anticipation and Action) to aid strategic and effective mitigation to alleviate further degradation to help secure our future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Implementing person-centred care (PCC) in nursing homes is challenging due to a gap between theory and practice. Bridging this gap requires suitable education, which focuses on learning how to attune care to the values and preferences of residents and take moral, relational, and situational aspects into account. Staff's stories about the care they provide (i.e. caring stories) may deliver valuable insights for learning about these aspects. However, there is limited research on using staff's narratives for moral learning. Objective: This study aims to provide insight into the perspectives of nursing staff on using their caring stories to learn about PCC. Research design: In this qualitative research, we conducted two rounds of interviews with 17 participants working in nursing homes. We wanted to obtain nursing staff's perceptions of working with their caring stories and the impact on PCC. Ethical considerations: Participation was voluntary, and participants provided written consent. The study protocol is approved by The Institutional Review Board of the Medical Ethical Committee Leiden-Den Haag-Delft. Findings: Working with caring stories enables nursing staff to provide PCC and improves job satisfaction. It increases awareness of what matters to residents, fosters information rich in context and meaning, and enhances voice and vocabulary. Through in-depth team reflections, nursing staff discussed the significant moments for residents, which centralizes the discussions on the moral quality of care. Discussion: Working with caring stories fosters dialogue on PCC and enhances reflection on ethical situations in daily encounters, contributing to the moral development of nursing staff. Putting nursing staff's narratives at the centre of learning suits their daily practice and intrinsic motivation. Therefore, the outcomes of this study are an addition to the existing literature about using narratives in long-term care. Conclusion: Using nursing staff's narratives contributes to PCC and positively impacts nursing staff. We recommend using staff's caring stories as a vehicle for moral learning in the transition to PCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the proliferation of technology usage, it is essential to understand the effect of implementation of technology in the academic setting. Specifically, this article examines the impact of eBooks and mobile devices on student learning. A pilot study was conducted with three areas of interest. The first question of interest found that owning or having access to two or more mobile devices significantly increased respondents' frequency of accessing eBooks. The second question examined the pros and cons of using mobile devices. Accessibility and cost savings were found as pros; while functionality and pedagogy were reported as drawbacks to mobile device usage. Furthermore, usability responses varied. The third question examined the effect of mobile device use on student learning. Findings show that eBooks and mobile device use in the classroom have a significant impact on the student's educational experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine whether technical characteristics predict current and future tennis performance of youth tennis players. Twenty-nine male youth tennis players (age 13.40 ±.51) were assessed on anthropometrical characteristics (height, weight, maturity status) and technical characteristics (ball speed, accuracy and percentage errors) using an on-court tennis test when they were under-14 (U14). Game situations were simulated, which were either fixed or variable. The variable game situations required players to consider the direction of the ball, as opposed to the fixed game situations where players needed to play every ball to the same side. Players' tennis ratings were obtained U14 ('current performance') and under-18 (U18) ('future performance'). According to their rating U18 players were classified as future elite (n = 9) or future competitive (n = 20). A multiple linear regression analysis showed that ball speed and accuracy were significant predictors of current and future performance (p <.001), with R2 of.595 and.463, respectively. When controlling for age, a one-way MANCOVA revealed that future elite players were more accurate than future competitive players (p =.048, 95% CI [.000 to.489]), especially in variable compared to fixed game situations (p <.05). In conclusion, the current study is the first to show that technical characteristics are crucial for current as well as future performance in youth male tennis players. Findings of this prospective study provide essential information to coaches about characteristics that require most attention in performance development in youth players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to ongoing globalization and migration waves, healthcare providers are increasingly caring for patients from diverse cultural and/or ethnic minority backgrounds. Adequate health communication with migrants and ethnic minorities is often more difficult to establish compared to people belonging to the majority groups of a given society, because of a combination of language and cultural barriers. To address this topic, in December 2018 a symposium was organized-under the auspices of the Amsterdam Center for Health Communication-during which speakers from both academia and professional practice discussed the current state-of-the-art and brought forward innovative solutions to improve intercultural communication in healthcare. Main questions that were discussed during this symposium included: "How can language barriers in intercultural health communication be mitigated?" and "Which innovations can contribute to improving intercultural health communication?" In this paper, we discuss some answers to these questions and propose that in order to enhance intercultural communication and healthcare for migrant and ethnic minority patients, a more holistic approach to studying when, how, and for what purposes (a combination of) communication strategies should be utilized in mitigating both language and cultural barriers to decrease health disparities and improve health care for migrant and ethnic minority patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Antimicrobial Stewardship strategies are applicable to the care of people with CF. • This review focuses on current evidence for Antimicrobial Stewardship in CF. • Discuss why Antimicrobial Stewardship is challenging in CF clinical care. • Propose research priorities for Antimicrobial Stewardship in CF. Antimicrobials have undoubtedly improved the lives of people with CF, but important antimicrobial-related toxicities and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria associated with their use must be considered. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is advocated across the spectrum of healthcare to promote the appropriate use of antimicrobials to preserve their current effectiveness and to optimise treatment, and it is clear that AMS strategies are applicable to and can benefit both non-CF and CF populations. This perspective explores the definition and components of an AMS program, the current evidence for AMS, and the reasons why AMS is a challenging concept in the provision of CF care. We also discuss the elements of CF care which align with AMS programs and principles and propose research priorities for AMS in CF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) has been the mainstay of identifying the seizure onset zone (SOZ), a key diagnostic procedure in addition to neuroimaging when considering epilepsy surgery. In many patients, iEEG has been the basis for resective epilepsy surgery, to date still the most successful treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. Intracranial EEG determines the location and resectability of the SOZ. Advances in recording and implantation of iEEG provide multiple options in the 21st century. This not only includes the choice between subdural electrodes (SDE) and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) but also includes the implantation and recordings from microelectrodes. Before iEEG implantation, especially in magnetic resonance imaging -negative epilepsy, a clear hypothesis for seizure generation and propagation should be based on noninvasive methods. Intracranial EEG implantation should be planned by a multidisciplinary team considering epileptic networks. Recordings from SDE and SEEG have both their advantages and disadvantages. Stereo-EEG seems to have a lower rate of complications that are clinically significant, but has limitations in spatial sampling of the cortical surface. Stereo-EEG can sample deeper areas of the brain including deep sulci and hard to reach areas such as the insula. To determine the epileptogenic zone, interictal and ictal information should be taken into consideration. Interictal spiking, low frequency slowing, as well as high frequency oscillations may inform about the epileptogenic zone. Ictally, high frequency onsets in the beta/gamma range are usually associated with the SOZ, but specialized recordings with combined macro and microelectrodes may in the future educate us about onset in higher frequency bands. Stimulation of intracranial electrodes triggering habitual seizures can assist in identifying the SOZ. Advanced computational methods such as determining the epileptogenicity index and similar measures may enhance standard clinical interpretation. Improved techniques to record and interpret iEEG may in the future lead to a greater proportion of patients being seizure free after epilepsy surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of the world is fundamental to human thought and ability to navigate the world, and a large literature has accumulated on the neuroscience of semantic memory. Because language serves as one of the most important interfaces between the private world of thought and other people, researchers often tap into semantic memory through word-based tasks. But this approach fails to acknowledge crucial distinctions between word meaning and general-purpose, non-linguistic knowledge. This article will discuss the relation between words and non-linguistic representations, drawing in part on evidence about cross-linguistic lexical diversity. It will argue that a more nuanced consideration of the language-thought interface is needed in the neuroscience of concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study contributes to understanding L2 word learning and why "semantic accent" persists. It examines the impact of L1–L2 semantic relations, input conditions, and L1–L2 dissimilarity on learning outcomes. Methodology: Mandarin-speaking learners of English labeled actions in 26 brief videos, typically called carrying or holding by native speakers. The labeling pattern is simpler in English than in Mandarin but requires a shift to different semantic dimensions. Further, hold is a higher frequency term than carry. The learners were resident in either China (N = 34) or the United States (N = 25), with somewhat higher proficiency in the US sample. Twenty native English speakers in the United States also responded. Data and analysis: Learner groups' name choices were compared to each other and those of native speakers. Findings/conclusions: The dissimilarity between Mandarin and English did not block importing L1 meanings to L2, but progress was seen across sub-groups. Input variables did impact progress: immersion (mediated by proficiency) was better than classroom learning, and use of the higher frequency term was greater than of the lower. Notably, however, many learners narrowed to domain-relevant vocabulary without using the words in native-like ways despite the simplicity of the target L2 system. They appeared to update knowledge at the level of word form-to-domain mappings without updating word form-to-meaning associations. Originality: Semantic accent has been documented previously, but the L2 word learning trajectory and factors that contribute to semantic accent have not been well understood. This study advances that understanding. Significance/implications: Imported meanings are difficult to reshape even for dissimilar languages and even with immersion. Enhanced learning may require sensitizing learners to L2 semantic content via either explicit instruction or intensive exposure to discrepancies between L1 and L2 meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores how patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and nurse practitioners (NPs) in the Netherlands communicate about online health information-seeking.Methods: We analyzed 165 consultations of patients at the start of maintenance treatment using grounded theory. Consultations in which the words; internet, website, Google, Googled, webpages, online (forum/blog/platform) or a website was mentioned, were included. Segments were identified and analyzed that represented a discussion about online health information-seeking (n = 87). We coded the initiator, initiation and reaction communication strategy.Results: Half of the sample was female, most patients were moderately to highly educated and aged on average 48 years. One third of the consultations included a discussion about online health information-seeking. Seventeen communication initiation and reactions strategies were identified. Patients and NPs were equally as likely to initiate a neutral discussion about online health information-seeking. Patients repeatedly reacted with disclosing their concerns. NPs responded by taking patients' online health information-seeking seriously or affirming patients' beliefs.Conclusion: This exploration makes a unique contribution by demonstrating that NPs particularly adopt a patient-centered communication style while communicating about patients' online health information-seeking.Practice Implications: Results of this study could guide interventions to train providers in talking about patients' online health information-seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study involves survey data collected from 30 diverse undergraduates and their research advisors in oceanography and related fields who participated in the SOEST Scholars Program at the University of Hawai‘i in 2016–17 and 2017–18. At the end of the research experience, students and their advisors each complete online surveys to evaluate student performance and growth over the course of the program on a scale of 1 (low) to 5 (high). The results indicate that, on average, (1) the students (4.06) underrate their performance relative to their advisors’ assessments (4.24), a difference (D = 0.18) that is highly significant (p = 0.005), and (2) there is no statistically significant difference between student and advisor assessments of student growth (p = 0.25). Further analysis by student demographics reveals distinct differences by gender and ethnicity. In particular, women of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander ancestry showed the greatest (D = 0.36) and most significant (p = 0.02) underrating of their own performances relative to their advisors’ assessments. In contrast, the mean student-advisor differences obtained for men and non-indigenous students were statistically insignificant (p = 0.31 and 0.18, respectively). This paper explores various possible interpretations of these results and their implications for how we train and assess students, and it includes recommendations for undergraduate research programs in oceanography. Specifically, we recommend intentionally focusing on building student self-efficacy alongside technical training, designing evaluation instruments that avoid the use of self-promoting language, and scheduling—or at least revisiting—discussions on STEM pathways and careers toward the end of the undergraduate research experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of past-year mental disorders and its correlates among Chinese international students in US higher education. Participants: A total of 222 Chinese international students participated in the study. Methods: Participants were recruited via a social marketing campaign and participated in an online survey. Results: The majority of the participants were female (65.3%) and graduate students (84.7%) with a mean age of 23.75 years. Of the sample, 77.9 and 74.3% reported having experienced depression and anxiety symptoms in the past year, respectively. Predictors of a higher past-year global mental health status were: not having a steady partner; being more likely to return China after graduation; a higher level of stress about the returning plan; and, a lower rating of cultural humility of key college/university personnel. Conclusions: These results suggest that mental health is a pressing issue facing Chinese international students and correlated with other psychosocial factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]