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Waterfowl use a diversity of resources (e.g., food, structure, sanctuary) to meet energetic, social, and other life‐history demands during the non‐breeding period. Waterfowl often seek areas with limited human disturbance (i.e., sanctuary) during autumn and winter when hunting seasons are open perhaps to reduce exposure to mortality risks, minimize energy expenditure, and increase foraging efficiency, all of which should enhance survival and subsequent fitness. Prior studies of sanctuary use by waterfowl have mostly focused on patterns of abundance and behavior, with many documenting differential diel movements of marked birds in and around sanctuaries. Although reduced mortality risk is likely associated with sanctuary use, much less is known about the potential effects on energy expenditure, body condition, reproductive consequences at the individual level, and seasonal distribution with respect to viewing and harvest potential. We consider these aforementioned factors among the most significant gaps in our understanding of the function of sanctuary in waterfowl management. As waterfowl hunter recruitment, retention, and reactivation have become a major initiative of many natural resource agencies and a core principle of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, we discuss the potential role of sanctuary relative to these efforts. Herein, we review historical aspects of waterfowl sanctuary, introduce hypotheses about its potential role in habitat resource management and conservation planning during autumn and winter, discuss our knowledge of the effects of sanctuary on waterfowl, and share insights to inform decisions about the role of sanctuary in waterfowl management given currently available evidence and remaining uncertainties. Our review describes the existing evidence for the biological and social outcomes of sanctuary, draws some conclusions about the role of sanctuary in natural resource management given the available evidence, and outlines potential research opportunities to help us make informed decisions regarding sanctuary implementation for waterfowl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM) hypothesis, which addresses the longstanding Black Hole Information Paradox rooted in the apparent conflict between Quantum Mechanics (QM) and General Relativity (GR). This paradox raises the question of how information is preserved during black hole formation and evaporation, given that Hawking radiation appears to result in information loss, challenging unitarity in quantum mechanics. The QMM hypothesis proposes that space–time itself acts as a dynamic quantum information reservoir, with quantum imprints encoding information about quantum states and interactions directly into the fabric of space–time at the Planck scale. By defining a quantized model of space–time and mechanisms for information encoding and retrieval, QMM aims to conserve information in a manner consistent with unitarity during black hole processes. We develop a mathematical framework that includes space–time quantization, definitions of quantum imprints, and interactions that modify quantum state evolution within this structure. Explicit expressions for the interaction Hamiltonians are provided, demonstrating unitarity preservation in the combined system of quantum fields and the QMM. This hypothesis is compared with existing theories, including the holographic principle, black hole complementarity, and loop quantum gravity, noting its distinctions and examining its limitations. Finally, we discuss observable implications of QMM, suggesting pathways for experimental evaluation, such as potential deviations from thermality in Hawking radiation and their effects on gravitational wave signals. The QMM hypothesis aims to provide a pathway towards resolving the Black Hole Information Paradox while contributing to broader discussions in quantum gravity and cosmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fear avoidance behaviour is associated with slow recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This study is a preliminary evaluation of graded exposure therapy (GET), which directly targets fear avoidance behaviour, for reducing post-concussion symptoms (PCS) and disability following mTBI. In a historical comparison design, we compared two groups from independent randomized trials. The GET + UC group (N = 34) received GET (delivered over 16 videoconference sessions) in addition to usual care (UC). The historical comparison group (N = 71) received UC only. PCS severity (Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire; RPQ) and disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; WHODAS 2.0 12-item) were measured at clinic intake (M = 2.7, SD = 1.1 months after injury) and again at M = 4.9 (SD = 1.1) months after injury. Between-group differences were estimated using linear mixed effects regression, with a sensitivity analysis controlling for injury-to-assessment intervals. The estimated average change on the RPQ was −14.3 in the GET + UC group and −5.3 in the UC group. The estimated average change on the WHODAS was −5.3 in the GET + UC group and −3.2 in the UC group. Between-group differences post-treatment were −5.3 on the RPQ and −1.5 on the WHODAS. Treatment effects were larger in sensitivity analyses. Findings suggest that a randomized controlled trial is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have chronically increased blood glucose and multiple physiologic alterations that place them at elevated risk for vascular disease. Traditionally, this vascular risk has mainly referred to chronic atherosclerosis and embolic arterial disease. Retrospective studies have suggested an increased risk of a pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), collectively termed venous thromboembolism (VTE), in patients with DM, but this association has been difficult to demonstrate with comorbidities such as obesity in meta-analysis. Clinical studies have demonstrated worse outcomes for patients with DM who suffer from VTE. In vitro studies show multiple physiologic abnormalities with chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, dysfunction in the coagulation cascade, as well as other changes that drive a vicious cycle of hypercoagulability. Aggressive medical management of DM can improve vascular outcomes, and some anti-hyperglycemic therapies may modify VTE risk as well. Anticoagulation strategies are similar for patients with DM, but with some added considerations, such as high rates of comorbid renal dysfunction. More research is needed to definitively categorize DM as a risk factor for VTE and elucidate specific therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent symptoms are common after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The Post-Concussion Symptoms (PoCS) Rule is a newly developed clinical decision rule for the prediction of persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) 3 months after an mTBI. The PoCS Rule includes assessment of demographic and clinical characteristics and headache presence in the emergency department (ED), and follow-up assessment of symptoms at 7 days post-injury using two thresholds (lower/higher) for symptom scoring. We examined the PoCS Rule in an independent sample. We analyzed a clinical trial that recruited participants with mTBI from EDs in Greater Vancouver, Canada. The primary analysis used data from 236 participants, who were randomized to a usual care control group, and completed the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire at 3 months. The primary outcome was PPCS, as defined by the PoCS authors. We assessed the overall performance of the PoCS rule (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]), sensitivity, and specificity. More than 40% of participants (median age 38 years, 59% female) reported PPCS at 3 months. Most participants (88%) were categorized as being at medium risk based on the ED assessment, and a majority were considered as being at high risk according to the final PoCS Rule (81% using a lower threshold and 72% using a higher threshold). The PoCS Rule showed a sensitivity of 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88–98; lower threshold) and 85% (95% CI, 78–92; higher threshold), and a specificity of 28% (95% CI, 21–36) and 37% (95% CI, 29–46), respectively. The overall performance was modest (AUC 0.61, 95% CI 0.59, 0.65). In conclusion, the PoCS Rule was sensitive for PPCS, but had a low specificity in our sample. Follow-up assessment of symptoms can improve risk stratification after mTBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the profound impact of serving as a law clerk for Chief Judge Pryor and subsequently becoming a colleague on the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. Topics include Pryor's effective leadership qualities as a boss and chief judge, the continuity in their working relationship and the valuable lessons learned from Pryor about judicial writing and active mentorship of law clerks. These experiences highlight Pryor's lasting influence on legal professionals across various roles.

To extend the literature on participation in intergenerational technology programs, we conducted a quasi-experimental study consisting of senior center participants, half who took part in the University of Rhode Island Engaging Generations Cyber-Seniors (URI eGen Cyber-Seniors) Program and half who did not. Findings showed that both groups were similar on most variables; however participants did have higher education levels and more positive attitudes toward younger people. We also examined if older adult program participants improved scores on social and technological measures compared to the control group, and we found participants improved on technology use, digital competence, loneliness, and doing unpaid community service measures but not the non-participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety disorders are common and can be debilitating, with effective treatments remaining hampered by an incomplete understanding of the underlying genetic etiology. Improvements have been made in understanding the genetic influences on mouse behavioral models of anxiety, yet it is unclear the extent to which genes identified in these experimental systems contribute to genetic variation in human anxiety phenotypes. Leveraging new and existing large‐scale human genome‐wide association studies, we tested whether sets of genes previously identified in mouse anxiety‐like behavior studies contribute to a range of human anxiety disorders. When tested as individual genes, 13 mouse‐identified genes were associated with human anxiety phenotypes, suggesting an overlap of individual genes contributing to both mouse models of anxiety‐like behaviors and human anxiety traits. When genes were tested as sets, we did identify 14 significant associations between mouse gene sets and human anxiety, but the majority of gene sets showed no significant association with human anxiety phenotypes. These few significant associations indicate a need to identify and develop more translatable mouse models by identifying sets of genes that "match" between model systems and specific human phenotypes of interest. We suggest that continuing to develop improved behavioral paradigms and finer‐scale experimental data, for instance from individual neuronal subtypes or cell‐type‐specific expression data, is likely to improve our understanding of the genetic etiology and underlying functional changes in anxiety disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the literature on nationalism and national attachment, as well as memory studies, we analyze the extent to which Afghan refugees in Peshawar continue to identify strongly with their homeland, or with Pakistan. Based on survey research and in-depth interviews, we find that second generation immigrants have a stronger Pakistani and weaker Afghan identification compared to those who grew up in Afghanistan. This relationship is mediated by a number of factors, including religion. Native Pashto speakers generally have a stronger sense of Pakistani identity compared to non-Pashto speakers, and Urdu fluency also has an impact on their national identity. Interestingly, those who gained their education through a religious seminary, or madrasa, identify more strongly with Pakistan compared to those who studied in the public school system. Furthermore, self-reported regularity in daily prayers and Quranic recitation is also associated with a stronger sense of Pakistani identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a presumed tension between nationalism and religious ideology in the context of ethno-linguistic communities in the contemporary politics of Central and South Asia. This essay introduces a series of articles that explore these issues along the Pakistan and Afghanistan borderland. Together we explore how religion, nationalism, and ethnic identity interact with one another to shape political phenomena in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and its turbulent border region. We examine the extent to which ethno-linguistic and religious identities interact with, reinforce each other, and at times may come into conflict with one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northern Hemisphere cryo-cover (here defined as both snow and sea ice covers) is dynamic and has displayed distinct spatial and temporal variability, as well as shifts in stability (predominantly becoming less stable) in recent decades. To better understand these transitions, this manuscript focuses on three transitional months of cryo-cover transformation, March, June and October, and implements Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) on a MeaSuREs derived (temporal coverage of 1979–2012) cryo-cover concentration dataset. Cryo-cover transformation was analyzed on a regional and hemispheric basis with trends calculated for all areas identified by the SOMs. Results suggest cryo-cover decreases (in area and stability) during March and June as pixels shift from SOM identified stable patterns to more transient patterns. October results suggest increases in transient cryo-cover, a result of declining stability in sea ice but also increasing snow cover predominantly centered around 50 °N latitude. All months experience regions of increasing and decreasing cryo-cover trends. Decreasing trends are predominant in March and June, although some areas of increase are apparent even during these months. By contrast, October has significant area experiencing increasing trends in cryo-cover, as well as large decreasing trends in the ice domain. Given accelerated rising temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes, transformation of cryo-cover will continue, and monitoring these changes spatially (using methodologies like SOMs) will be necessary to better understand the radiative and environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indeed, the author concludes the chapter by arguing that "commercial interests in agricultural growth in Brazil became one of the strongest motivators of U.S. Southerners migrating to Brazil" (p. 125). She also shows that other Confederates expressed disappointment at not being able to bring recently freed formerly enslaved people with them from the United States to Brazil, as well as a fear of an "Africanized government" that could start to form in Brazil after its impending abolition (which came in 1888). The history and memory of the confederate States of America and its inhabitants has long been the subject of academic and public debate. [Extracted from the article]

"Moral Majorities Across the Americas" by Benjamin A. Cowan is a scholarly book that explores the historical origins and development of the religious right. The author argues that the right-wing religious movements should be understood as a transnational phenomenon with deep roots in Brazil, moving beyond the limited regional or national boundaries typically associated with these movements. The book examines the religious agenda and activism of Brazilian Catholic traditionalists, the emergence of conservative Protestant groups, and the contrasting progressive Protestant movements. The final chapters focus on the connections between Brazilian and U.S. activists and the factors that bind the religious right in both countries. While the book may be challenging for readers without a strong background in Brazilian history, it is a valuable resource for researchers studying Latin American religious history and transnational right-wing political movements. [Extracted from the article]

The home of the 1996 summer Olympics, present-day Centennial Park is framed by tourist attractions, telecommunications giants like CNN, and international corporate office towers. Centennial Olympic Park (also known as Centennial Park) in downtown Atlanta is considered by many to be the city's premier public space. Once known as the "city too busy to hate", one study found Atlanta to be the second-most segregated city in the United States ([6]), making Atlanta a unique laboratory for urban geographers studying and challenging racial and social inequality. [Extracted from the article]

Comparing universities and courses is of interest to a variety of stakeholders including potential students, policy makers, news and media organisations, ranking providers, and universities themselves. There are a range of existing university ranking schemes that provide comparisons (e.g. Academic Ranking of World Universities) but typically these are designed with face‐to‐face teaching and learning in mind. There is also a growing number of quality assurance tools and approaches aimed at ensuring the quality of online education This article reports on an analysis of a range of quality assurance systems for online higher education institutions and courses, together with variety of ranking systems targeting conventional universities—with the aim of establishing what they measure, and the metrics used to assess quality. The findings from this analytical study were compared with a meta‐analysis of the literature about how students choose their university in order to understand how these instruments influence current student opinion and can be used more proactively by universities themselves. The findings reveal: (1) current ranking systems are of limited value for most potential undergraduate students, particularly with reference to online education, (2) comparison systems that can be of value to students from a variety of different backgrounds are likely to be complex to set up and run, and (3) quality indicators that promote both formative and summative evaluation may be beneficial to both institutions and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infants are often brought to an emergency department (ED) for medical evaluation upon surrender or abandonment. However, no specific guidelines exist for the care of surrendered or abandoned children. We describe the case of an abandoned infant who was brought to a pediatric quaternary care hospital as a model for evaluation and management.Case Report: A 3-day-old abandoned female was brought to a quaternary care pediatric hospital ED. Given limitations in history, upon physical examination and in consultation with specialists, our team completed an extensive laboratory workup to guide initial management and treatment. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Abandoned and surrendered infants frequently enter the medical system via the ED, and emergency physicians must be aware of best practices to evaluate and manage these patients. While each infant presentation is unique, commonalities exist. Our care may serve as a starting point by which others may base their own management. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we bring together the hope of regenerative development with mobilities literature broadly and actor-network theory specifically to explicate a regenerative memorialization paradigm. Regenerative memorialization emphasizes the inherent (im)mobilities of memory – the flows and networks associated with people, ideas, materials, capital, and development that constitute memorial landscapes – and the reparative and self-healing possibilities of those landscapes as part of constantly evolving sociocultural systems. Applying this paradigm to the dynamic geographies of the Equal Justice Initiative (EJI) in Montgomery, Alabama, we illustrate the power of memory on the move where the past is connected to the present and the aspirations for the future via complex actor networks, charting paths toward more socially just futures for the American South. Finally, we argue for participatory mapping of actants and actor networks, more diverse social justice organizations creating and connecting to existing cultural spaces for and landscapes of memory, and accordingly, that intersectionality guide these practices, for a future of regenerative memorialization in the South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Earth's cryo‐cover (defined here as snow cover and sea ice) is dynamic, and varies considerably on both interannual and seasonal time‐scales. This study analyzes trends in Northern Hemisphere cryo‐cover from 1979 to 2020 using three datasets: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Sea Ice Extent, Rutgers Global Snow Lab (GSL) Snow Cover Extent and MeaSuREs State of the Cryosphere values. Temporal trends of cryo‐cover, both as a combined variable and as separate snow and ice components, are calculated on an annual and monthly basis. Using derived cryo‐cover concentration values, pixels are categorized to be either stable (covered 75% of the time or more) or transient (covered <75% of the time), as a method to differentiate the type of cryo‐cover present annually and monthly as well as associated trends and transitions from one cover type (stable or transient) to the other. Results indicate a decrease in cryo‐cover since 1979 with sea ice decreasing in all months, but snow cover increasing in the autumn and early winter and decreasing during the spring. Decreasing trends in stable cryo‐cover are observed during most months with several months seeing increases in transient cover. Increases in autumn snow cover (particularly in October) help to offset the large decreases in late summer/early autumn sea ice. From April to August, cryo‐cover as a whole exhibits statistically significant decreasing trends. A comprehensive understanding of the climatology of cryo‐cover is of great importance in understanding the radiative impacts of a changing cryosphere in a warming climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To summarize, Latin American(ist) geographers - especially those who engage with questions of transnational dimensions of race, racism, gender, performance, and the body - will be interested in this book. B T b ropical travels covers a lot of ground historically and geographically by charting the transnational circulations of Brazilian popular performance from the time of abolition in 1888, up until the 1950s. However, did popular performance politics really constitute a fully "borderless transnational performance community"?. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Repeat exposures to culprit medications are a common cause of preventable adverse drug events. Health information technologies have the potential to reduce repeat adverse drug events by improving information continuity. However, they rarely interoperate to ensure providers can view adverse drug events documented in other systems. We designed ActionADE to enable rapid documentation of adverse drug events and communication of standardized information across health sectors by integrating with legacy systems. We will leverage ActionADE's implementation to conduct two parallel, randomized trials: patients with adverse drug reactions in the main trial and those diagnosed with non-adherence in a secondary trial. Primary objective of the main trial is to evaluate the effects of providing information continuity about adverse drug reactions on culprit medication re-dispensations over 12 months. Primary objective of the secondary trial is to evaluate the effect of providing information continuity on adherence over 12 months.Methods: We will conduct two parallel group, triple-blind randomized controlled trials in participating hospitals in British Columbia, Canada. We will enroll adults presenting to hospital with an adverse drug event to prescribed outpatient medication. Clinicians will document the adverse drug event in ActionADE. The software will use an algorithm to determine patient eligibility and allocate eligible patients to experimental or control. In the experimental arm, ActionADE will transmit information to PharmaNet, where adverse drug event information will be displayed in community pharmacies when re-dispensations are attempted. In the control arm, ActionADE will retain information in the local record. We will enroll 3600 adults with an adverse drug reaction into the main trial. The main trial's primary outcome is re-dispensation of a culprit or same-class medication within 12 months; the secondary trial's primary outcome will be adherence to culprit medication. Secondary outcomes include health services utilization and mortality.Discussion: These studies have the potential to guide policy decisions and investments needed to drive health information technology integrations to prevent repeat adverse drug events. We present an example of how a health information technology implementation can be leveraged to conduct pragmatic randomized controlled trials.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04568668 , NCT04574648 . Registered on 1 October 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma 'renamed' Brady Street in its downtown arts district to M.B. Brady Street and designated the road as Reconciliation Way to rid itself of ties to Wyatt 'Tate' Brady, the original namesake. Tate Brady, a Ku Klux Klan leader, participated in a 1921 massacre that killed, injured, and displaced many black Tulsans. Honoring M.B. Brady, a Civil War photographer with the same last name but no ties to Tulsa, was part of a neoliberal compromise to ensure the name change would have the least disruptive impact on the financial interests of white business owners on the road. The Tulsa case demonstrates how convenience and practicality—although represented as a matter of neoliberal 'nonpolitics'—is nonetheless a political technology used to justify sanitizing controversial histories and prioritizing capital accumulation over social justice. The faux renaming of Brady prompts a critical consideration of how neoliberalism weakens cities' ability to engage in the restorative 'memory-work' of recovering (from) past racial violence. Our study contributes to the study of neoliberal place naming, struggles over urban space and memory, and the possibilities and limits of street naming as a vehicle for (re)claiming a black sense of place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Comprehensive geriatric care (CGC) for older adults during hospitalization for hip fracture can improve mobility, but it is unclear whether CGC delivered after a return to community living improves mobility compared with usual post-discharge care. Objective: To determine if an outpatient clinic-based CGC regime in the first year after hip fracture improved mobility performance at 12 months. Methods: A two-arm, 1:1 parallel group, pragmatic, single-blind, single-center, randomized controlled trial at 3 hospitals in Vancouver, BC, Canada. Participants were community-dwelling adults, aged ≥65 years, with a hip fracture in the previous 3–12 months, who had no dementia and walked ≥10 m before the fracture occurred. Target enrollment was 130 participants. Clinic-based CGC was delivered by a geriatrician, physiotherapist, and occupational therapist. Primary outcome was the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; 0–12) at 12 months. Results: We randomized 53/313 eligible participants with a mean (SD) age of 79.7 (7.9) years to intervention (n = 26) and usual care (UC, n = 27), and 49/53 (92%) completed the study. Mean 12-month (SD) SPPB scores in the intervention and UC groups were 9.08 (3.03) and 8.24 (2.44). The between-group difference was 0.9 (95% CI –0.3 to 2.0, p = 0.13). Adverse events were similar in the 2 groups. Conclusion: The small sample size of less than half our recruitment target precludes definitive conclusions about the effect of our intervention. However, our results are consistent with similar studies on this population and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay is a critical reflection on positionality, participatory ethics and fieldwork failure in the Global South. It argues that the collision of our academic theories with socio-political realities in the field cannot be separated from and often includes who we are and what we think we can do as researchers. It explores how my understandings of my positionality as a white, male doctoral student from the United States were challenged during my fieldwork in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. I explore the difficulties of negotiating my positionality amongst different groups of people with competing political interests and ideologies at the annual Festa Confederada – a festival that celebrates US southern heritage and culture. I critically reflect on how my failure to negotiate the various axes of my identity with the local chapter of the Movimento Negro (Black Movement) and with the Confederate Festival's organizers revealed political-ideological differences within the Movimento Negro and resulted in my being barred from conducting research at the annual festival. In an effort to be as transparent and self-critical as possible, this essay also explores valuable and sometimes embarrassing lessons learned that other researchers from the Global North should heed before entering the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adherence to annual low-dose CT was 95% in the National Lung Screening Trial and must be replicated to achieve mortality benefit from screening.Research Question: How do we determine adherence rates within the Veterans Affairs Lung Cancer Screening Demonstration Project and identify factors predictive of adherence?Study Design and Methods: A secondary data analysis of the Lung Cancer Screening Demonstration Project that was conducted at eight Veterans Affairs medical centers was performed to determine adherence to follow up imaging and to determine factors predictive of adherence.Results: A total of 2,103 patients were screened. The adherence to screening from baseline scan (T0) to first follow-up scan (T1) was 82.2% and 65.2% from T1 to second follow-up scan (T2). Logistic regression modeling showed that presence of a nodule and the site of lung cancer screening were predictive of adherence. After three rounds of screening, 1,343 patients (64%) who underwent baseline screening underwent both subsequent annual low-dose CT scans; 225 patients (11%) had only one subsequent low-dose CT; 0.4% did not have a T1 scan but did have a T2 scan; 70 patients (3%) died, and 36 patients (1.7%) were diagnosed with lung cancer. There was significant variation in screening adherence across the eight sites, which ranged from 63% to 94% at T1 and 52% to 82% at T2 (P < .05).Interpretation: Despite a centralized program design with dedicated navigator and registry to assist with adherence to annual lung cancer screening, variations between sites suggest that active follow-up strategies are needed to optimize adherence. For the mortality benefit from lung cancer screening to be recognized, adherence to annual screening must achieve higher rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme precipitation events are arguably one of the most important natural hazards in many areas of the globe, impacting nearly every societal sector. In the Northeastern United States, extreme precipitation events have been shown to be increasing with several recent events garnering national attention (i.e., Ellicott City Maryland 2018; Tropical Storm Lee 2011). The NOAA Atlas 14 product is the nation's standard for estimating the magnitude and frequency of site‐specific extreme precipitation events, containing both precipitation frequency estimates, as well as associated confidence intervals. The Atlas uses surface stations, primarily from the National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program, and statistical methodologies to provide point‐based precipitation exceedance probability estimates for several durations and potential recurrence intervals. Unfortunately, the number and quality of Cooperative Observer sites varies greatly over space and time. This research compares observed precipitation extremes from a high‐resolution statewide mesonet to those estimated by the Atlas 14 product for a 10‐year recurrence interval at several precipitation durations. Results of the analysis indicate that Atlas 14 underestimates the number and magnitude of extreme precipitation events across the state of Delaware at longer event durations (360‐ to 1,440‐min). At shorter durations (5‐ to 240‐min) the Atlas 14 estimates are more closely aligned with the observations from the high‐resolution precipitation network. These results suggest that caution should be exercised when using Atlas 14 estimates for engineering standards and hydrologic studies, especially for longer duration events. Therefore, a more rapid update cycle for revision of the Atlas 14 product should be considered, as a changing climate regime may be responsible for the differences identified in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) play a key role in clearance of HCV. NAbs have been isolated and mapped to several domains on the HCV envelope proteins. However, the immunodominance of these epitopes in HCV infection remains unknown, hindering efforts to elicit optimal epitope-specific responses. Furthermore, it remains unclear which epitope-specific responses are associated with broad NAb (bNAb) activity in primary HCV infection. The aim of this study was to define B cell immunodominance in primary HCV, and its implications on neutralisation breadth and clearance. Using samples from 168 patients with primary HCV infection, the antibody responses targeted 2 immunodominant domains, termed domains B and C. Genotype 1 and 3 infections were associated with responses targeted towards different bNAb domains. No epitopes were uniquely targeted by clearers compared to those who developed chronic infection. Samples with bNAb activity were enriched for multi-specific responses directed towards the epitopes antigenic region 3, antigenic region 4, and domain D, and did not target non-neutralising domains. This study outlines for the first time a clear NAb immunodominance profile in primary HCV infection, and indicates that it is influenced by the infecting virus. It also highlights the need for a vaccination strategy to induce multi-specific responses that do not target non-neutralising domains. Neutralising antibodies will likely form a key component of a protective hepatitis C virus vaccine. In this work we characterise the predominant neutralising and non-neutralising antibody (epitope) targets in acute hepatitis C virus infection. We have defined the natural hierarchy of epitope immunodominance, and demonstrated that viral genotype can impact on this hierarchy. Our findings highlight key epitopes that are associated with broadly neutralising antibodies, and the deleterious impact of mounting a response towards some of these domains on neutralising breadth. These findings should guide future efforts to design immunogens aimed at generating neutralising antibodies with a vaccine candidate. • Neutralising antibodies will likely form a key component of an HCV vaccine. • We characterise the immunodominance of neutralising and non-neutralising epitopes in primary HCV infection. • We identify that virus genotype might influence the epitopes targeted. • We also identify that certain epitope target combinations are associated with greater breadth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little research has been done on political dynamics within the Christian community in Pakistan itself, a lacuna I begin to address through survey research among Christian and Muslim students in Lahore. I ground this study in a detailed discussion of the existing literature on Pakistan, and comparative political research on national attachment of minorities elsewhere. I am particularly interested in assessing to what extent Christian students in Lahore have a strong sense of belonging and connection to the national community or feel marginalised from it. In fact, I find that Christians do have a strong sense of connection to their Pakistani identity, but are more inclined toward military rule and less interested in and knowledgeable about politics than their Muslim counterparts. Intra-Christian differences based on income level and denomination are apparent as well: Christian students from wealthier backgrounds have higher levels of political interest and knowledge, whereas poorer students and those affiliated with Pentecostal denominations have less political engagement but higher levels of nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors discuss the importance of proper mentorship for trainees working in global health (GH) settings to increase the possibility of success. Topics include the GH track offered in the U.S. pediatric residency programs, the benefits of said programs like enhanced cultural sensitivity, encourage critical thinking, and improved diagnostic skills, and the authors' experiences as GH trainee in Malawi.

Our aim was to describe shifts in autumn and winter harvest distributions of three species of dabbling ducks (blue‐winged teal [Spatula discors], mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], and northern pintail [Anas acuta]) in the Central and Mississippi flyways of North America during 1960–2019. We measured shifts in band recovery distributions corrected for changes in hunting season dates and zones by using kernel density estimators to calculate 10 distributional metrics. We then assessed interannual and intraspecific variation by comparing species‐specific changes in distributional metrics for 4 months (October–January) and three geographically based subpopulations. During 1960–2019, band recovery distributions shifted west‐ and southwards (blue‐winged teal) or east‐ and northwards (mallard and northern pintail) by one hundred to several hundred kilometers. For all three species, the broad (95% isopleth) and core distributions (50% isopleth) showed widespread decreases in overlap and increases in relative area compared to a 1960–1979 baseline period. Shifts in band recovery distributions varied by month, with southward shifts for blue‐winged teal most pronounced in October and northward shifts for mallard and northern pintail greatest during December and January. Finally, distributional metric response varied considerably among mallard subpopulations, including 2–4‐fold differences in longitude, latitude, and overlap, whereas differences among subpopulations were minimal for blue‐winged teal and northern pintail. Our findings support the popular notion that winter (December–January) distributions of duck species have shifted north; however, the extent and direction of distributional changes vary among species and subpopulations. Long‐term distributional changes are therefore complex and summarizing shifts across species, months, or subpopulations could mask underlying finer‐scale patterns that are important to habitat conservation and population management. A detailed understanding of how species distributions have changed over time will help quantify important drivers of species occurrence, identify habitat management options, and could inform decisions on where to focus conservation or restoration efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to describe shifts in autumn and winter harvest distributions of three species of dabbling ducks (blue‐winged teal [Spatula discors], mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], and northern pintail [Anas acuta]) in the Central and Mississippi flyways of North America during 1960–2019. We measured shifts in band recovery distributions corrected for changes in hunting season dates and zones by using kernel density estimators to calculate 10 distributional metrics. We then assessed interannual and intraspecific variation by comparing species‐specific changes in distributional metrics for 4 months (October–January) and three geographically based subpopulations. During 1960–2019, band recovery distributions shifted west‐ and southwards (blue‐winged teal) or east‐ and northwards (mallard and northern pintail) by one hundred to several hundred kilometers. For all three species, the broad (95% isopleth) and core distributions (50% isopleth) showed widespread decreases in overlap and increases in relative area compared to a 1960–1979 baseline period. Shifts in band recovery distributions varied by month, with southward shifts for blue‐winged teal most pronounced in October and northward shifts for mallard and northern pintail greatest during December and January. Finally, distributional metric response varied considerably among mallard subpopulations, including 2–4‐fold differences in longitude, latitude, and overlap, whereas differences among subpopulations were minimal for blue‐winged teal and northern pintail. Our findings support the popular notion that winter (December–January) distributions of duck species have shifted north; however, the extent and direction of distributional changes vary among species and subpopulations. Long‐term distributional changes are therefore complex and summarizing shifts across species, months, or subpopulations could mask underlying finer‐scale patterns that are important to habitat conservation and population management. A detailed understanding of how species distributions have changed over time will help quantify important drivers of species occurrence, identify habitat management options, and could inform decisions on where to focus conservation or restoration efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of working-memory training is a topic of considerable debate, with some studies showing transfer to measures such as fluid intelligence while others have not. We report the results of a study designed to examine two forms of working-memory training, one using a spatial n-back and the other a verbal complex span. Thirty-one undergraduates completed 4 weeks of n-back training and 32 completed 4 weeks of verbal complex span training. We also included two active control groups. One group trained on a non-adaptive version of n-back and the other trained on a real-time strategy video game. All participants completed pre- and post-training measures of a large battery of transfer tasks used to create composite measures of short-term and working memory in both verbal and visuo-spatial domains as well as verbal reasoning and fluid intelligence. We only found clear evidence for near transfer from the spatial n-back training to new forms of n-back, and this was the case for both adaptive and non-adaptive n-back. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational service-learning in higher education positively affects older adults and students, but little is known about the effectiveness of interdisciplinary, reverse mentoring programs that use technology as the medium of bringing generations together. This study describes an intergenerational service-learning program that utilizes reverse mentoring within higher education, the "Engaging Generations Program," at a midsized public university in New England where students help older adults learn about technology, and students gain communication and teaching skills. In this article, we outline how the program was implemented, present quantitative data on participation outcomes for students and older adults and qualitative data from older adults, and discuss best practices. Analysis of pre/post surveys found that students' attitudes toward aging improved (p < 0.01) and older adults interest in technology improved (p < 0.05) after program participation. Best practices identified included: multiple meetings with the same pair to deepen friendships, in-person training for student leaders, student responsibility for scheduling, tailoring sessions to each participant, student documentation of meetings, and active involvement by community partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on U.S. Circuit Judge for the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, Ed Carnes. Topics discussed include his work as a lawyer at the Alabama Attorney General's Office; his graduation from Harvard Law School; and his efforts in creating a constitutional system of capital punishment. It also mentions about take of U.S. Supreme Court on capital punishment.

Understanding of physiological responses of organisms is typically based on data collected during an isolated event. Although many fundamental insights have been gained from these studies, evaluating the response to a single event ignores the fact that each individual has experienced a unique set of events throughout its life that may have altered its physiology. The idea that prior experiences can influence subsequent performance is known as a carry-over effect. Carry-over effects may explain much of the variation in performance found among individuals. For example, high physical activity has been shown to improve mitochondrial respiratory function and biogenesis and reduce oxidative stress and has been linked to improved health and longevity. In this study, we asked whether the bioenergetic differences between active and inactive individuals carry over to impact performance in a subsequent reproductive event and alter a female's reproductive outcome. Female mice that had access to a running wheel for a month before mating gave birth to a larger litter and weaned a heavier litter, indicating that high physical activity had a positive carry-over effect to reproduction. Mice that ran also displayed higher mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis with no changes in endogenous antioxidant enzymes. These results provide a mechanistic framework for how the conditions that animals experience before breeding can impact reproductive outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hedonic dysregulation is a core mechanism of addiction. There is a dearth of research on hedonic dysregulation in cannabis use disorder (CUD). The current study tested whether personalized scripted imagery may be an efficacious approach to remediate reward functioning in adults with CUD. Adults with CUD (n=10) and non-CUD controls (n=12) completed a single session personalized scripted imagery procedure. Non-drug (i.e. natural) reward and neutral scripts were transcribed and participants listened to the scripts in counterbalanced order. Primary outcomes included positive affect (PA), galvanic skin response (GSR), and cortisol and were assessed at four timepoints. Mixed effects models were used to compare between and within subject effects. Mixed effects models revealed a Condition (reward vs. neutral) X Group (CUD vs. control) interaction (p=0.01) on PA response, indicating blunted PA response to the neutral script relative to the reward script in CUD participants. Likewise, GSR response in CUD participants was decreased in response to the neutral script relative to the reward script (p=0.034; interaction n.s.). An interaction effect of Group X PA on cortisol response was found (p=.036) indicating that cortisol was positively correlated with PA in healthy control participants, but not CUD participants. Adults with CUD may demonstrate acute deficits in hedonic tone under neutral conditions relative to healthy controls. Personalized scripted imagery may be an efficacious tool to remediate hedonic dysregulation in CUD. Cortisol may play a role in healthy positive affect regulation warranting further investigation. • Natural reward processing in adults with cannabis use disorder (CUD) was investigated. • Adults with CUD showed blunted positive affect (PA) under neutral conditions. • Adults with CUD showed blunted galvanic skin response (GSR) under neutral conditions. • Cortisol and PA were positively correlated in healthy controls but not adults with CUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographical distributions of waterfowl exhibit annual variation in response to spatiotemporal variation in weather conditions, habitat availability, and other factors. Continuing changes in climate and land use could lead to persistent shifts of waterfowl distributions, potentially causing a mismatch with habitat conservation planning, wetland restoration efforts, and harvest management decisions informed by historical distributions. We used band recoveries and harvest records (i.e., hunter‐harvested wings) from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Waterfowl Parts Collection Survey as indices of duck distribution in autumn and winter, and quantified intra‐annual, interannual, and interspecific variation in their geographic distributions across 6 decades (1960–2019) for 15 duck species in the Central and Mississippi flyways in North America. Specifically, we tested for annual and decadal shifts in mean latitude and longitude of recoveries for each month (Oct–Jan) by species and taxonomic guild (i.e., dabbling, diving ducks). Overall, species varied in the extent, timing, and sometimes direction, of distributional change in recoveries. From 1960–2019, mean recovery locations for dabbling ducks shifted south 105–296 km in October and 27 km in November (wings only), whereas mean latitudes shifted north 144–234 km in December and 186–301 km in January. Mean recovery locations for diving ducks shifted north 162 km in October (wings only), 84–173 km in December, and 66–120 km in January, but shifted 99–512 km south in November. Shifts in longitude were less consistent between guilds and data types. Finally, distributional change rarely accelerated during recent decades, except for southward shifts of band recoveries of diving ducks in November and northward shifts of band and wing recoveries of dabbling ducks in January. Although anecdotal accounts of large‐scale northward shifts in duck distributions are prolific in the land management and hunting communities, our data demonstrate more subtle shifts that vary considerably by species and month. Observed changes in recovery distributions could necessitate changes in timing of habitat management practices throughout the Central and Mississippi flyways and may result in fewer hunting and recreational opportunities for some species in southern states. Quantifying patterns of historical change is a necessary first step to understanding temporal and interspecific variation in waterfowl distributions, which will help with landscape‐scale conservation and management efforts in the future and enable effective communication to core constituencies regarding ongoing changes and their implications for recreational engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor cell invasion involves targeted localization of proteins required for interactions with the extracellular matrix and for proteolysis. The localization of many proteins during these cell-extracellular matrix interactions relies on membrane trafficking mediated in part by SNAREs. The SNARE protein syntaxin4 (Stx4) is involved in the formation of invasive structures called invadopodia; however, it is unclear how Stx4 function is regulated during tumor cell invasion. Munc18c is known to regulate Stx4 activity, and here we show that Munc18c is required for Stx4-mediated invadopodium formation and cell invasion. Biochemical and microscopic analyses revealed a physical association between Munc18c and Stx4, which was enhanced during invadopodium formation, and that a reduction in Munc18c expression decreases invadopodium formation. We also found that an N-terminal Stx4-derived peptide associates with Munc18c and inhibits endogenous interactions of Stx4 with synaptosome-associated protein 23 (SNAP23) and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2). Furthermore, expression of the Stx4 N-terminal peptide decreased invadopodium formation and cell invasion in vitro. Of note, cells expressing the Stx4 N-terminal peptide exhibited impaired trafficking of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and EGF receptor (EGFR) to the cell surface during invadopodium formation. Our findings implicate Munc18c as a regulator of Stx4-mediated trafficking of MT1-MMP and EGFR, advancing our understanding of the role of SNARE function in the localization of proteins that drive tumor cell invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The anesthetic management of kidney transplantation in children remains somewhat empirical. The goal of the present study was to investigate intraoperative hemodynamic factors affecting posttransplantation kidney function. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data from patients undergoing kidney transplantation in our pediatric teaching hospital from 2000 to 2014. Data collected included: donor and recipient demographic data, recipient comorbidities, fluids administered intraoperatively, and intraoperative blood pressure and central venous pressure. The main outcome of the study was the creatinine clearance at day 1 corrected to a body surface area of 1.73 m². Analysis was performed using Classification Tree Analysis with 10-fold cross-validation. Results One hundred and two patients were included. The following predictors of increased postoperative creatinine clearance at day 1 were identified: decreasing recipient weight, mean blood pressure-to-weight ratio 10 minutes after reperfusion, reduced cold ischemia duration, and increased intraoperative albumin infusion. Increased creatinine clearance was observed when mean blood pressure-to-weight ratio 10 minutes after reperfusion was ≥4.3 in patients weighing 13-21 kg and ≥2.5 in those ≥22 kg. Overall, the model explained 64% (and at cross-validation 60%) of creatinine clearance variability at day 1. Conclusion Intraoperative hemodynamics during kidney transplantation should be optimized in order to increase mean blood pressure according to values indicated by our analyses. Cold ischemia duration should be shortened as far as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Data on major non-surgical postoperative complications following neonatal and infant surgery is lacking. The goal of the present study was to describe common major complications and their predictive factors. Material and methods The study consisted of a retrospective review of medical charts of patients less than 6 months of age operated in our institution over one calendar year, excluding herniorraphy surgery. The data collected included demographics, preoperative ICU bed status, ASA status, a history of cardiac malformation, hyaline membrane disease (HMD) or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), preoperative haemoglobin, emergent surgery status, surgery type and duration, duration of anaesthesia and the need for intraoperative fluid boluses. Complications were analysed until the 30th postoperative day. Analyses included descriptive statistics and the determination of factors associated with non-surgical complications using univariate and multivariate statistics. Results The study included 168 patients. Their postnatal age was 48 ± 48 days. Overall, 37 patients experienced major postoperative non-surgical complications. The most common major complications were haemodynamic compromise ( n = 19, 11.3%), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, n = 8, 4.8%) and respiratory failure requiring ventilation ( n = 3, 1.8%). Surgical complications occurred in 8 cases (4.8%). Four factors were identified as being predictive of non-surgical complications: PCA < 40 weeks, a history of cardiac malformation, HMD or NEC, preoperative ICU status and intraoperative fluid bolus administration. Conclusion This study describes common non-surgical postoperative complications in neonates and infants, and their risk factors. They were much more common than surgical complications. Further studies should focus on preventive strategies addressing these complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Morphine is the most commonly used postoperative analgesic for moderate to severe pain in paediatric patients, but there is little research into predictive factors correlating with postoperative morphine consumption. Methods All patients undergoing surgery who received morphine postoperatively over eight months were prospectively enrolled. Data analysed included total morphine consumption to day 3, age, weight, type of surgery, ASA status, preoperative opioid administration, predicted postoperative pain intensity (according to French Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care classification) and surgery duration. Two cohorts were constructed: the first over 6 months to construct a statistical model and the second over 2 months to validate the model. ANOVA univariate analyses and multivariate linear analysis were performed. Results One hundred and fifty-three patients were included in the construct cohort and 40 in the validation cohort. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that total morphine consumption through postoperative day 3 was independently increased by a decreased age, female gender, an increased duration of surgery and an increased morphine titration in PACU. Overall, the model explained 57% of morphine requirement variability. When the model was applied to the validation cohort, a significant correlation was demonstrated between observed and predicted values: r = 0.67, P < 0.0001. Conclusion Age, gender, duration of surgery and doses of titrated morphine in PACU proved to be strong predictors of postoperative morphine consumption by day 3 during paediatric surgery. Knowledge of such factors may help clinicians to better manage postoperative pain in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gossypol is a polyphenolic aldehyde found in cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum). Cottonseed is a readily available feedstuff commodity in the southeast United States; therefore, it has the potential for usage as an inexpensive source of fat and protein and is promising for animal producers in this region. Gossypol has been studied for its negative effect on the reproduction of males. However, in the present study, we hypothesized a possible anthelmintic effect of cottonseed, a source of gossypol (polyphenolic compound) against Haemonchus contortus. For this purpose, 4-month-old Boer x Spanish cross does (n = 40) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments (n = 10/treatment), based on the supplementation (0.5% body weight-BW in kg), Cottonseed vs. pelleted feed (NC), and no parasite infection (NP) or artificial infection with 4,000 L3 of H. contortus (P). For 8 weeks, FAMACHA, BW, and eggs per gram of feces (EPG) using the McMaster technique were recorded from each animal. The experimental design used was a 2x2 factorial. Normality was tested using Wilk-Shapiro, followed by an ANOVA. Those variables not following normal distribution were analyzed using Kruskal - Wallis nonparametric test. Body weights were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. Goats fed with Cottonseed had a similar BW to those fed with pellets, 29.14 and 29.80 kgs, respectively. Furthermore, the Cottonseed fed animals had greater EPG (1074.4 ± 473.4) compared with those eating pelleted feed (672.7 ± 297.07; P< 0.05). Non-artificially infected animals presented minimum EPG (8.1± 8.9 and 3.7 ± 6.05 for NCNP and CNP, respectively) as part of natural infection. FAMACHA for both parasitized groups were similar, 2.77 and 2.84 for NCP and CP, respectively, but greater (P < 0.05) than the FAMACHA of the non-infected animals of 2.29 and 2.41 for NCNP and CNP, respectively. From this study, the presence of cottonseed in the diet of female meat goats did not have a positive effect on reducing the parasite infection, contrary to what was expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of place and geography in wine marketing is well documented. Oklahoma, a state not often associated with producing wine, contains many wineries that use place to market their products. These wine producers construct specific and generic place-based identities that appeal to local and non-local wine consumers. In this study, we take an in-depth look at exactly how Oklahoma wineries use place and geography to market their products. We employ qualitative content analysis to evaluate the websites of 39 Oklahoma wineries, specifically focusing on graphics and text on wine labels and winery logos. Our analysis reveals the predominant themes presented on labels and logos that clearly connect the wine and/or winery to its location. Examples include noticeable links to Oklahoma historic events (e.g. Land Runs, boomer and sooner references), Native American culture, and local natural hazards (severe weather, especially tornadoes) to name a few. Importantly, the geographic scale at which most place associations occur is at the state-level. Rather than constructing more localized regional identities (e.g. based on region, which is very common), these wineries have cultivated a decidedly Oklahoman sense of place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical accounts indicate that disparities exist among families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and that these disparities impede timely diagnosis and intervention. Furthermore, families living in rural areas are more likely to have reduced access to proper care and use alternative, unproven, and potentially harmful treatments. The purpose of this project was to begin addressing these needs by engaging providers and families of children with ASD living in rural and typically underserved areas. The investigators established a Community Advisory Board (CAB) of ASD professionals (e.g., community-based healthcare and service providers, director of a center for disabilities, psychologist, autism researcher, and special education professional). Next, they conducted four focus groups comprised of a total of 35 major stakeholders (e.g., individuals with ASD, parents of individuals with ASD, community-based healthcare and service providers, school teachers) to determine potential resources, barriers to early diagnosis/treatment, and alternative treatment use in children with ASD. Focus group sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by three trained independent coders. Community participants identified several barriers to early diagnosis and intervention, as well as a variety of alternative treatments used in children with ASD. Thematic analysis of focus group transcripts showed several overarching themes regarding barriers to early diagnosis and treatment. Findings from this study have implications for practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Anchialine pools are unique localized brackish water ecosystems, comprised of fresh groundwater and saltwater from the ocean mixing through subterranean pathways. This study characterized physicochemical properties, biological communities, and food web structures in anchialine pools on Hawaii Island, hypothesizing pronounced differences between pools with and without introduced fishes. Pools varied greatly in size, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen saturation. On average, 46% of observed species were introduced. Native species of high conservation concern such as the shrimp Metabetaeus lohena and Halocaridina rubra were not observed in pools with introduced fishes, where periphytic algal biomass was lower. δC and δN analyses revealed an unusual food web structure where all animal species (except Gambusia affinis) occupied the same trophic niche, independent of species, size, and sex. These findings illustrate that simple food web structures with opportunistic feeding patterns in all species can occur in ecosystems that have greatly variable physicochemical properties and diverse biological communities. The wide variation in biological communities even in adjacent pools indicates that individual anchialine pools are unique. The high proportion of introduced species and their observed effects on these fragile ecosystems suggest that they pose a serious threat to native biota in Hawaiian anchialine pools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

27 year old man with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia presents with new parenchymal consolidation. Although biopsy was precluded, diagnostic studies support myeloid sarcoma. Resolution of consolidation occurred with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moderate feeding problems affect many children with autism spectrum disorder and often co-occur with disruptive mealtime behaviors. Although parent-mediated interventions have shown promise to support feeding problems, research has primarily occurred within randomized controlled trials when delivered by highly trained clinicians in specialty clinics. Thus, the alignment of these approaches within community settings is unclear. To address this limitation, this study explored adaptations to a parent-mediated intervention, Managing Eating Aversions and Limited Variety (i.e. MEAL Plan), to enhance its adoption, implementation, and sustainment within community settings, including factors that may support or hinder its translation. Participants were 14 multidisciplinary providers who attended one of the three workgroups that included semi-structured focus groups regarding the fit of MEAL Plan in their practice setting. Thematic analysis was used to determine emergent themes, which fell into the domains of content, contextual considerations, and training needs. Specific themes included the appropriateness MEAL Plan for autistic and non-autistic children, adaptations to MEAL Plan delivery, billing considerations, agency-level support, and the format of ongoing training and consultation. By proactively responding to these factors, it may be possible to enhance the implementation and sustainability of parent-mediated interventions, including MEAL Plan, within community practices that support autistic children. Moderate feeding problems and disruptive mealtime behaviors are common in children with autism spectrum disorder. Although parent-mediated interventions are able to support feeding problems in autistic children, most research has occurred within specialty clinics when delivered by highly trained clinicians. Thus, the fit of these interventions within community settings is not clear. To address this limitation, this study explored adaptations to a parent-mediated intervention, Managing Eating Aversions and Limited Variety (i.e. MEAL Plan), to improve its fit and use within community settings. Participants were 14 multidisciplinary providers who attended one of the three intensive workgroups that included focus groups about the fit of MEAL Plan in their practice setting. Qualitative analysis was used to determine the main themes that came up within the focus groups. Specific themes included the appropriateness MEAL Plan for autistic and non-autistic children, how providers might adapt their delivery of MEAL Plan, billing and insurance considerations, administrator support for MEAL Plan, and the content and format of ongoing training and consultation. By proactively considering and responding to these factors, it may be possible to enhance MEAL Plan so that it is better able to be delivered and sustained within community practices that support autistic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]