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[Display omitted] • Hollow CoVO x /Ag heterojunction was synthesized for OER. • The interaction of CoVO x and Ag nanoparticles regulated the electronic structure. • The extrinsic catalytic activity of CoVO x /Ag is enhanced due to the hollow structure. • The OER overpotential for CoVO x /Ag-5 at 10 mA cm−2 is only 247 mV. • The catalyst can enable full water splitting with 100% Faraday efficiency. Developing high-active and inexpensive electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is very important in the field of water splitting. The catalytic performance of electrocatalysts can be significantly improved by optimizing the electronic structure and designing suitable nanostructure. In this work, we represent the synthesis of hollow CoVO x /Ag-5 for OER. Due to the interaction of CoVO x and Ag nanoparticles, the electronic structure is optimized to improve the intrinsic catalytic activity. Additionally, the extrinsic catalytic activity of CoVO x /Ag is enhanced by the abundant active sites from the hollow structure. As a result, the CoVO x /Ag-5 demonstrates significantly enhanced OER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 247 mV at 10 mA cm−2. In addition, it also exhibits excellent durability, without obvious attenuation in performance after continuous operation for 60 h. Furthermore, the catalyst can enable full water splitting with appropriate 100 % Faraday efficiency, demonstrating its practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel CoMoO 4 -RuO 2 heterogeneous catalyst with flower-liked morphology was developed as a highly efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for Zn-air battery. [Display omitted] Constructing heterogeneous catalysts can significantly boost the electrocatalytic activity due to the improved intrinsic catalytic activity induced by tailored electronic structure and optimized chemisorption to the reaction intermediates. RuO 2 based electrocatalysts are especially attractive due to the high catalytic activity of RuO 2. To reduce the usage of noble metal and improve the catalytic activity of catalyst, CoMoO 4 -RuO 2 micro-flower was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal-calcination method in this work. CoMoO 4 -RuO 2 exhibits a low overpotential of 177 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and a high half-wave potential of 0.858 V for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Moreover, the Zn-air battery assembled using CoMoO 4 -RuO 2 exhibit shows a high maximum discharge power density of 149 mW cm−2 and a large open circuit voltage of 1.38 V. The good performance can be attributed to the incorporation of RuO 2 , which not only induces extra catalytic active sites, but also forms heterojunction with CoMoO 4 to optimize the electronic structure of CoMoO 4 -RuO 2 , thereby achieving a better equilibrium of absorption and desorption of intermediates. The work provides insights into designing RuO 2 based electrocatalysts for advanced electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-day passive radiative cooling is a promising cooling technique achieves cooling without any energy input, thereby attracting tremendous attention. Most of the studies focus on building applications, but there remains a lack of information on other potential applications of radiative cooling systems. Herein, we report an application of a polymeric passive radiative cooling coating (PRCC) on the exterior surface of chemical storage tanks, which is often overlooked but exhibits great potential to efficiently control the evaporative loss of the chemicals. The PRCC exhibits strong solar reflectivity (96.2%) and emissivity (95%) in the mid-infrared wavelength range. According to the results of an outdoor test on a small-scale chemical storage container, the PRCC achieves 81.4%, 54.1%, and 19.8% of chemicals saved compared with a raw container, container painted with commercial white paint (CWP), and the shaded raw container, respectively. A numerical simulation is also conducted to estimate the chemical standing loss from an industrial large-scale chemical storage tank. It is found that the PRCC can achieve a saving of over 50% of the chemical compared with commercial white paint for a chemical storage tank, showing a promising potential to be applied on chemical storage systems. • Excellent optical properties of spectral selectivity for radiative cooling. • Achieved all-day sub-ambient cooling on both clear and cloudy days. • Evaporation loss is investigated experimentally and numerically. • Over 50% of chemicals can be saved via the radiative cooling technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate quantification of net primary productivity (NPP) is key to estimating vegetation productivity and studying the global carbon cycle. However, C3 and C4 plants vary in their living environments and potential productivity due to their different photosynthetic pathways. This study thus explored the potential of the near-infrared radiance of vegetation (NIRv,Rad) to track hourly and daily changes in C3 and C4 plants and investigate whether their photosynthetic pathways affect the relationship between NPP and NIRv,Rad. Statistics including long-term spectral data, the growth environment, and physiological indicators were collected using an automatic spectral monitoring system. The vegetation index NIRv,Rad was extracted from the collected spectral data and NPP was calculated using the collected net photosynthetic rate and leaf area index. The results showed that NIRv,Rad can effectively respond to NPP changes in C3 and C4 plants on hourly and daily scales. The NPP–NIRv,Rad relationship on the hourly scale was superior, with R2 values for winter wheat and summer maize of 0.81 and 0.70, respectively. Furthermore, when the accumulation of NPP was equal, the NIRv,Rad of summer maize showed larger changes, indicating that it was more sensitive to NPP change for this species than for winter wheat. Overall, the study demonstrated that NIRv,Rad can serve as an effective proxy indicator of NPP. In addition, this study provides a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the construction of new simple models and realizing efficient agriculture, as well as a new method for rapid and accurate quantification of the NPP of C3 and C4 plants at geospatial scales in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen serves as a potent and environment friendly energy source, and developing high performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is crucial for water splitting. In this work, Pt nanoparticles incorporated NiO nanoflower (Pt-NiO) is synthesized using an ethylene glycol reduction method. The incorporation of Pt not only introduces extra high active sites, but also induces strong interaction between NiO and Pt. Meanwhile, the NiO nanoflower support enables the dispersion of Pt and ensure high electrochemically surface area as well as fast mass transport, which greatly improves catalytic activity of Pt-NiO. Pt-NiO-3 only requires a small overpotential of 26 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 and the Tafel slope is only 19.49 mV dec−1. In addition, the mass activity can achieve 2000 mA mg Pt −1 at an overpotential of 63 mV. Moreover, obvious bubbles can be observed in the assembled H-type for overall water splitting, and the Faraday efficiency is close to 100 %, highlighting the superiority of Pt-NiO-3. This work provides insights for designing high effective electrocatalysts for HER. [Display omitted] • Pt nanoparticles incorporated NiO nanoflower is synthesized using an ethylene glycol reduction method. • The incorporation of Pt induces strong interaction between NiO and Pt. • NiO nanoflower enables high electrochemically surface area and fast mass transport. • Pt-NiO-3 only requires a small overpotential of 26 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2. • The mass activity of Pt-NiO-3 is 2000 mA mg Pt −1 at an overpotential of 63 mV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition-metal chalcogenides especially MoS 2 are promising candidates as highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Nevertheless, the low conductivity and inert basal planes of MoS 2 limit its performance. In addition, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity of MoS 2 is low. In this work, we report the synthesis of self-supported 1 T-MoS 2 /Co 3 S 4 /Ni 3 S 2 nanoarrays for overall water splitting. 1 T-MoS 2 can enhance electron transfer during the reaction process. Meanwhile, abundant interfaces and defects exist in the heterogeneous catalysts, which can bring more active sites and result in strong interaction among the different components. As a result, the 1 T-MoS 2 /Co 3 S 4 /Ni 3 S 2 nanoarray exhibits low overpotentials of 50 and 240 mV is achieved at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER with very high stability. In addition, it can catalyze overall water splitting with a low cell voltage of 1.55 V and 100% Faradic efficiency, demonstrating its practical applications. The present work offers a new route for developing 1 T-MoS 2 based hybrid electrocatalysts with desirable surface and interface structure for energy storage and conversion. [Display omitted] • Self-supported 1 T-MoS 2 /Co 3 S 4 /Ni 3 S 2 nanoarrays was developed for overall water splitting. • The abundant interfaces and defects in 1 T-MoS 2 /Co 3 S 4 /Ni 3 S 2 benefit its catalytic activity. • 1 T-MoS 2 can accelerate electron transfer during the catalytic process. • 1 T-MoS 2 /Co 3 S 4 /Ni 3 S 2 exhibits low HER and OER overpotentials of 50 and 240 mV. • 1 T-MoS 2 /Co 3 S 4 /Ni 3 S 2 can drive full water splitting at 1.55 V with 100% Faradic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel composite adsorbent coated superhydrophilic-nanostructured heterogeneous surface is proposed to enhance condensation heat transfer. Experiments are conducted under the atmospheric pressure condition with the ambient temperature of 23 ± 2 °C to investigate the water vapor condensation rate of the heterogeneous surfaces coated with different patterns of the composite adsorbent. The condensation rates and the latent heat transfer coefficients of the heterogeneous surfaces are investigated under the quiescent environment. The results show that the heterogeneous surfaces with vertical middle-stripe patterns of the composite adsorbent have better condensation heat transfer performance than the other patterns, showing 45.5%–80.0% improvement compared to the copper surface. It is found that during water condensation on the heterogeneous surfaces, the water film on the superhydrophilic region can be adsorbed by the adjacent composite adsorbent. Consequently, a water-free region is observed on the proposed heterogeneous surfaces, which provides extra fresh nucleation sites for water condensation, leading to an enhancement in the heat transfer performance. Based on this observation, a water film adsorption mechanism is introduced to explain the condensation heat transfer enhancement on the proposed heterogeneous surface, providing a practical and scalable surface treatment method to improve the condensation heat transfer. [Display omitted] • Heterogeneous surfaces formed by adsorbents and superhydrophilic coatings. • Condensation heat transfer evaluation of various heterogeneous surfaces. • Critical improvement in latent heat transfer achieved by heterogeneous surfaces. • Water film adsorption mechanism is introduced to explain enhanced condensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Co-Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 @NC nano polyhedron was synthesized using ZIF-67 as a precursor. • The Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 can significantly improve the OER catalytic activity of the catalyst. • The Co-Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 @NC-5 exhibits a low OER overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm−2. • The Co-Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 @NC-5 exhibits a high ORR half-wave potential of 0.80 V. • The Co-Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 @NC can be used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for Zn-air battery. A high effective bifunctional electrocatalyst was developed for rechargeable Zn-air batteries by rational integrating high active Co sites for ORR and Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 specie for OER. [Display omitted] To facilitate the development of rechargeable metal-air batteries, the exploration of high effective bifunctional electrocatalysts is essential. In this work, we report a facile strategy to synthesize N doped carbon (NC) encapsulated Co-Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 (Co-Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 @NC) nano polyhedron using ZIF-67 as a precursor and investigated its catalytic performance for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The introduction of Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 into Co@NC can significantly improve the OER catalytic activity of the catalyst, while the high ORR catalytic activity of the catalyst is maintained. Specifically, Co-Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 @NC-5 shows a decent half-wave potential of 0.80 V for ORR, and a very low overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER, demonstrating its bifunctional activity. The rechargeable Zn-air battery assembled using Co-Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 @NC-5 exhibits a maximum power density of 90.75 mW cm−2 and a high specific capacity of 768 mA h g−1, as well as good durability of 50 h without attenuation in performance, highlighting its practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotube assembled coral-like ZnS@N, S co-doped carbon was synthesized by a facile and convenient method, and the material exhibits outstanding stability and rate performance as a sodium-ion batteries anode material. • Nanotube assembled coral-like ZnS@N, S co-doped carbon was synthesized. • ZnS@NSC-800 shows outstanding rate performance of 417.1 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. • ZnS@NSC-800 also shows excellent cycling stability for SIBs. • The Na+ storage mechanism are mainly based on capacitive contribution. Developing advanced Na-host anode materials to enhance the stability and rate performance of Sodium Ion Batteries (SIBs) is the premises for their commercialization. Herein, we report a template method to prepare coral-like ZnS embedding in N, S co-doped carbon (ZnS@NSC) as an anode material for SIBs. The heteroatom doped carbon endows the materials with high conductivity and structure stability. The nanotube structure provides high specific area and adequate space for the volume expansion during charge/discharge process. The coral-like structure can further increase the mass transport. Therefore, the merits of the materials are fully utilized and thus outstanding sodium storage performances are achieved. To the best of our knowledge, the ZnS@NSC-800 shows the best rate performance (417.1 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and cycling stability (98.4% capacity was retained after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1) to date. Combining with the high capacity, facile and convenient method, and the usage of low-cost and nontoxic raw materials, the material exhibits great potential for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network segregationâ€"a critical problem in real-life networksâ€"can reveal the emergence of conflicts or signal an impending collapse of the whole system. However, the strong heterogeneity of such networks and the various definitions for key nodes continue to pose challenges that limit our ability to foresee segregation and to determine the main drivers behind it. In this paper, we show that a multi-agent leaderâ€"follower consensus system can be utilized to define a new index, named leadership, to identify key leaders in real-life networks. And then, this paper explores the emergence of network segregation that is driven by these leaders based on the removal or the rewiring of the relations between different nodes in agreement with their contribution distance. We finally show that the observed leaders-driven segregation dynamics reveals the dynamics of heterogeneous attributes that critically influence network structure and its segregation. Thus, this paper provides a theoretical method to study complex social interactions and their roles in network segregation, which ultimately leads to a closed-form explanation for the emergence of imbalanced network structure from an evolutionary perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing porous materials with various nanoscales and dimensionalities is very significant for surface/interfacial interaction and mass transport, and are expected to improve the performance of materials. Herein, we first report the preparation of porous NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo LDH) nanotube by utilizing a metal organic framework (MOF) and MoO 3 composite as a precursor. The NiCo LDH nanotube is composed of two-dimension (2D) nanosheet and a high specific surface area of 107 m2 g−1 is achieved. The unique structure of nanotube and high specific surface area can greatly improve the electrical conductivity and electroactive surface area of the material and also shorten the ion transport path, resulting in enhancement of electrochemical performance. When used as electrode material for supercapacitors, the NiCo LDH nanotube shows a high specific capacitance of 1386 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor assembled by active carbon and the NiCo LDH nanotube shows a high capacitance of 94.3 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, an energy density of 118 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 108 W kg−1 and excellent stability without any loss in capacitance even after 10000 charge-discharge cycles, indicating that the NiCo LDH nanotube is a very promising supercapacitor electrode material. NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo LDH) nanotube was synthesized and exhibited high specific capacitance and excellent ling-term stability. Image 1 • NiCo LDH nanotube was prepared by using MoO 3 @ZIF-67 as precursor for the first time. • The NiCo LDH nanotube is assembled by 2D nanosheet. • The NiCo LDH nanotube shows a high capacitance of 1386 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. • The NiCo LDH//AC shows a high capacitance of 94.3 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The size effect of Zn-MOF on the porosity and gas uptake of its derived carbon are investigated. • The large-size MOF tend to form porous carbons with higher specific surface area and large pore size. • The carbon derived from small-size MOF shows lower specific surface area and more micropores. • The CS-1000 shows a high CO 2 , H 2 and CH 4 uptake of uptake of 129.2, 241.6 cm3 g−1 and 58.3 cm3 g−1. Metal organic framework (MOF) derived carbon is an important kind of carbons with various potential applications. The structure of MOF precursor plays a key role in the proprieties of their derived carbon. Herein, the size effect of a Zn-MOF on the porosity and gas uptake of its derived carbon are investigated in detail. We found that the large-size MOF tend to form porous carbons with higher specific surface area as well as large pore size, while the carbon derived from small-size MOF shows lower specific surface area and more micropores as well as higher gas uptake. Especially, the CS-1000 derived from Zn-MOF-small shows a high CO 2 uptake of 129.2 cm3 g−1 at 273 K and 1 bar, a high H 2 uptake of 241.6 cm3 g−1 at 77 K and 1 bar, and a high CH 4 uptake of 58.3 cm3 g−1 at 273 K and 1 bar, making it very potential for carbon capture and sequestration and clean energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an electric field-enhanced heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (EHCO) was systematically investigated using a prepared FeOx/PAC catalyst. The EHCO process exhibited high sulfadiazine (SDZ) and TOC removal efficiency compared with electrocatalysis (EC) and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) process. Almost 100% of SDZ was removed within 2 min, and the TOC removal reached approximately 85% within 60 min. Quenching experiments and EPR analysis suggested that the prominent SDZ and TOC removal performance is supported by the enhanced ·OH generation ability. Further study proved that H 2 O 2 formed by O 2 electrochemical reduction, peroxone reaction and electrochemical reduction of ozone contributed to improving ·OH generation. Furthermore, the EHCO system showed satisfactory stability and recyclability compared to conventional HCO systems, and the SDZ and TOC removal rates were maintained at ≥95% and ≥70% in 16 consecutive recycles, respectively. Meanwhile, XPS analysis and Boehm's titration for the FeOx/PAC catalyst used in HCO and EHCO process confirmed that the external electron supply could restrain the oxidation of surface functional groups of PAC and maintain a balance of the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio, which proved the critical role of cathode reduction in catalyst in situ regeneration during long consecutive recycles. In addition, the EHCO system could achieve more than 80% SDZ removal within 2 min in different water matrices. These results confirmed that the EHCO process has a wide application perspective for refractory organics removal in actual wastewater. [Display omitted] • An electric field-enhanced heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (EHCO) was developed. • Sulfadiazine removal and mineralization efficiency reached almost 100% and 85% by EHCO process. • FeOx/PAC heterogeneous catalyst could be in situ regenerated by cathodic reduction. • A feasible application achieved for antibiotics removal in actual water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important half-reaction in rechargeable metal–air batteries and water splitting devices, and it suffers from slow kinetics due to the multiple step proton-electron coupled process. Therefore, the major challenge for the OER is to develop durable and low-cost electrocatalysts with high catalytic performance. Herein, a ternary metal CoNiFe subacetate nano prism (CoNiFe NP) was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, with the aim of accelerating the water dissociation and improving the reaction rate using the synergy of the ternary metal. The results show that the electrocatalytic performance of the ternary metal CoNiFe layered double hydroxide is significantly improved compared with the binary metal and single metal catalysts. In particular, the overpotential of the prepared CoNiFe NP for the OER at 10 mA cm−2 is as low as 292 mV, and the Tafel slope is 75.6 mV dec−1. This work provides a new platform for the design of medium-entropy electrocatalysts using the interaction of polymetallic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of increasing importance to develop highly active and economical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts, which have great significance for the large‐scale implementation of various energy conversion systems, including metal–air batteries and fuel cells. Herein, a novel method to synthesize FeNx‐decorated carbon nanotubes as a high‐efficiency ORR catalyst, by utilizing ZnO nanowires as a sacrificial template and a Fe–polydopamine complex as metal and carbon sources, is reported. The obtained catalyst shows great potential for replacing Pt/C as the ORR catalyst under various pH conditions, from alkaline to acidic electrolytes. The high conductivity, large surface area of the carbon nanotube, and highly active FeNx species contributed greatly to the high performance of the catalyst. The work presented herein paves a new way for the synthesis of 1D porous nanomaterials for a broad range of energy‐related applications. Doped to reduce: FeNx‐decorated carbon nanotubes are prepared by utilizing ZnO nanowires as a sacrificial template and Fe–polydopamine (Fe–PDA) complex as metal and carbon sources (see figure). The evaporation of Zn at high temperature results in a high surface area of the carbon nanotubes, and the FeNx species contribute greatly to the oxygen reduction reaction activity of the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are two of the core reactions that occur in fuel cells and water electrolysis devices. Heteroatom-doped carbon materials are promising metal-free electrocatalysts to improve the conversion efficiency of these devices. To optimize the nanostructures of such carbon-based catalysts, herein, we reported an effective template method to synthesize N doped carbon nanotubes by using polydopamine as a precursor. The use of the ZnO nanowire not only serves as a self-sacrificial template to direct the formation of the nanotube, but also greatly extends the porosity of the carbon nanotube. Moreover, the polydopamine precursor also leads to effective N doping. An optimized sample, NCNT-900, shows high ORR performance comparable with that of Pt/C as well as good HER performance in both alkaline and acid media, making it one of the most effective carbon-based HER catalysts. This strategy offers an opportunity to synthesize catalysts with higher activity by rational design of a carbon precursor with higher N content or multi-heteroatom co-doping.Graphical Abstract: Nitrogen doped carbon nanotube with high performance for both ORR and HER was synthesized using ZnO nanowires as template. The obtained materials show effective N doping that provides abundant active sites, high surface area and unique textural parameters that can effectively enhance mass transfer. When used for electrocatalysts, NCNT-900 shows high ORR performance comparable with that of Pt/C and good HER performance in both alkaline and acid media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ATRA decreased Hepa1-6 tumor burden and tumor angiogenesis and fibrosis. • ATRA decreased the population of MDSCs. • ATRA decreased H22 tumor burden and tumor angiogenesis and fibrosis. • ATRA decreased protumor myeloid immune subsets. • ATRA increased cytotoxic T cell infiltration. Hepatocellular carcinoma is characterized by a high infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which are key drivers of maintaining the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, targeting MDSCs will improve immunotherapies for cancers. It has been shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can differentiate MDSCs into mature myeloid cells. However, whether ATRA suppression of MDSCs function could inhibit the growth of liver cancer remains unknown. Here we found that ATRA significantly inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma promotion, tumor cell proliferation, and angiogenesis markers. Moreover, ATRA decreased the number of mononuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M−MDSCs), granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in spleens. In addition, ATRA significantly reduced the intratumoral infiltrating G-MDSCs and the expression of protumor immunosuppressive molecules (arginase 1, iNOS, IDO and S100A8 + A9), which was accompanied by increased cytotoxic T cell infiltration. Our study demonstrates that ATRA not only has direct intrinsic inhibitory effect on tumor angiogenesis and fibrosis, but also reeducates the tumor microenvironment toward an antitumor phenotype by altering the relative proportion between protumor and antitumor immune cells. This information introduces ATRA as a potential druggable target for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano bowl-like Co–Co6Mo6C2 coated by N,P co-doped carbon (Co–Co6Mo6C2@NPC) is reported as an electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries. Co–Co6Mo6C2@NPC only needs an overpotential of 210 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the OER, and the half-wave potential for the ORR is 0.81 V. In addition, the Co–Co6Mo6C2@NPC based battery shows a large open-circuit voltage of 1.335 V and a maximum power density of 160.5 mW cm−2, as well as good stability. The improved catalytic performance can be ascribed to the co-existence of Co6Mo6C2 and Co species to improve the intrinsic catalytic activity, and the bowl-like nanostructure to facilitate the mass transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile and readily applicable solution for daytime passive radiative cooling. • Broadband and diffused solar reflection by dual-layer nanoparticle-polymer design. • Continuous sub-ambient effect with 79 Wm−2 daytime cooling power in a humid climate. • Applied on a real building's roof in large-scale with a 30 °C surface cooling. • Yields the energy-saving in various climate conditions, especially in hot areas. The passive cooling technology is refrigerant-free and energy-free, making it an appealing alternative to reduce the energy consumption of traditional cooling systems. Although effective in optical design, the materials involving optical structures and metal reflectors are rarely cost-effective or readily applicable. Radiative cooling materials with promising optical properties and good practical applicability remain an urgent research need. We present a simple and scalable method to fabricate a dual-layer nanoparticle-polymer hybrid coating which achieves a high diffused solar reflection of 92.2 % without using metal reflectors, and a strong mid-infrared emission of 95.3 % within the atmospheric window. The coating allows continuous sub-ambient cooling in both daytime and nighttime. Promisingly, the coating reaches about 4 °C lower temperature than ambient under intensive solar irradiation, along with a 78.9 Wm−2 cooling power generation. Moreover, the cooling coating exhibits great reliability and cooling effect when applied as an exterior coating on model houses and the roof of a real building. Applying the proposed material as a roofing material is capable to save cooling energy across various climate zones, especially in the hot climate, which confirms the material's possibility for carbon reduction and tackling global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high‐efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to realize low‐cost water splitting is the premise for large‐scale production of hydrogen. The catalytic activity of an electrocatalysts greatly depends on its composition and structure. In this work, we report the preparation of hollow CoS2/MoS2 heterostructure using ZIF‐67 as the precursor. The ratio of Co and Mo are optimized to maximize the synergy of CoS2 and MoS2, due to their specific catalytic activity for OER and HER. The optimized CoS2/MoS2 exhibits good bifunctional catalytic activity in view of its low overpotentials for HER (170 mV) and OER (270 mV), as well as small cell voltage of 1.66 V for overall water splitting. This work provides a facile strategy to controllable fabrication of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for renewable energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we purified a partially acetylated heteropolysaccharide (Ts1-1A) from the fruit bodies of Trametes sanguinea Lloyd through cold water extraction and serial chromatographic separation. The purified polysaccharide Ts1-1A (12.8 kDa) was characterized as a branched mannogalactofucan with a backbone of alternately connected 1,3-linked α-Fuc p and 1,6-linked α-Gal p , which was partially substituted by non-reducing end units of β-Man p at O -2 and O -3 positions of 1,6-linked α-Gal p. Ts1-1A showed pronounced anti-human cytomegalovirus activity at the concentration of 200 and 500 μg/mL in systematical assessments including morphological changes, western blotting, qPCR, indirect immunofluorescence and tissue culture infective dose assays. Moreover, Ts1-1A exerted its antiviral activity at two distinct stages of viral proliferation manifesting as significantly inhibiting viral protein (IE1/2 and p52) expression and reducing viral gene (UL123 , UL44 and UL32) replication in the HCMV-infected WI-38 cells. At viral attachment stage, Ts1-1A interacted with HCMV and prevented HCMV from attaching to its host cells. While at early phase of viral replication stage, Ts1-1A suppressed HCMV replication by downregulating NQO1 and HO-1 proteins related to oxidative stress as an antioxidant. To sum up, Ts1-1A is a promising anti-HCMV agent which could be developed for HCMV infection prevention and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoS 2 @MoS 2 @NiS 2 nano polyhedron with double-shelled structure was demonstrated to have multiple catalytic activity for HER, OER and ORR, which could serve as highly efficient catalysts for both rechargeable Zn-air batteries and overall water spitting. [Display omitted] • Double shelled hollow CoS 2 @MoS 2 @NiS 2 polyhedron was synthesized using a self-template method. • The CoS 2 @MoS 2 @NiS 2 exhibits multiple catalytic activity for HER, OER and ORR. • The CoS 2 @MoS 2 @NiS 2 exhibits a low HER overpotential of 156 mV at 10 mA cm−2. • The OER and ORR performance was demonstrated by rechargeable Zn-air battery. • The Zn-air battery can effectively drive water splitting device catalyzed by CoS 2 @MoS 2 @NiS 2. Electrocatalysts play important role in various energy conversion and storage devices. The catalytic performance of electrocatalysts can be enhanced through the increasement of intrinsic catalytic activity by optimizing electronic structure and the improvement of exposed active sites by designing proper nanostructures. In this work, CoS 2 @MoS 2 @NiS 2 nano polyhedron with double-shelled structure was prepared using metal organic framework as a precursor. Due to the rational integration of multifunctional active center, the strong electronic interaction of the various component, the high electrochemical surface area and shortened mass transport induced by the special structure, CoS 2 @MoS 2 @NiS 2 exhibits high catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Specifically, low overpotentials of 156 and 200 mV was achieved to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, and a high half-wave potential of 0.80 V was observed for ORR. More importantly, the Zn-air battery assembled by CoS 2 @MoS 2 @NiS 2 exhibits a high-power density of 80.28 mW cm−2 and could effectively drive overall water splitting. This work provides a new platform for designing multifunctional catalysts with high activity for energy conversion and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in colloidal chemistry allow to prepare well‐controlled nanostructures, while application of the colloids in heterogeneous catalysis is strongly impeded by the presence of organic capping layers. However, removal of the protection layers inevitably results in changes of the well‐defined nanostructures such as sintering and agglomeration. Here, a simple way is suggested to solve the dilemma by replacing the organic capping layers with another flexible but robust capping layers made of two‐dimensional materials. We show simultaneous removal of surfactant layers in B‐containing Ni, Co, and Fe colloids and formation of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) capping layers over metal nanoparticles. Metal particle size can be well kept even upon thermal treatment at 850 °C and Ni nanocatalysts embedded within h‐BN shells present high catalytic performance in water‐gas shift reaction. This work suggests a facile strategy to promote the application of metal colloids in heterogeneous catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Conductive hydrogels are promising electrode and electrolyte materials for SCs. • All-gel-state SCs have a wide range of applications in flexible electronics. • The construction tactics of all-gel-state SCs are comprehensively introduced. • This review reports various multifunctional all-gel-state SCs. Supercapacitors (SCs) are promising energy storage devices for flexible electronics by virtue of the high power density, exceptional cycle life, and low maintenance cost. Typically, all-gel-state SCs based on conductive hydrogels (CHs) make a splash on account of their simplified configuration, remarkably flexibility, inherent deformation tolerance and diminished interfacial impedance. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge advances in all-gel-state SCs is provided, involving the fabrication strategies, multifunctionality, different configurations and perspectives. The fabrication strategies are systematically introduced, encompassing the assembly of CH-based electrodes and electrolytes and the in-situ deposition of electroactive materials on CH-based electrolytes. Subsequently, the multifuntional all-gel-state SCs are emphasized, such as highly stretchable and compressible, self-healing, and anti-freezing devices. Furthermore, sorts of configurations of all-gel-state SCs, comprised of 1D fiber-shaped and 2D planner structures, are represented. Last but not the least, the challenges and opportunities of such attractive all-gel-state SCs are concluded, navigating the advancement of flexible power electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in electrochemical splitting of water and it is urgent to develop high-performance and cost-effective OER catalysts. In this work, we report the synthesis of V-Co/CoO@C nanorod as highly efficient OER catalysts. The V 2 O 5 nanowire and metal organic framework composite leads to the successful preparation of the catalyst. The V 2 O 5 nanowire not only induces the formation of Co/CoO species, but also facilitates uniform V doping. When used as OER catalyst, the V-Co/CoO@C nanorod only needs a low overpotential of 320 mV to achieve a high current density of 10 mA·cm−2. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Porous V-Co/CoO@C nanorod was synthesized by using a V 2 O 5 @ZIF-67 as precursor. • The V-Co/CoO@C nanorod shows high OER activity of 10 mA·cm−2 at a η value of 320 mV. • The use of V 2 O 5 lead to the formation of Co/CoO and V doping. • The Co/CoO species and uniform V doping contributed to its OER performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the core reactions that occur in fuel cells and metal air batteries. Metal-free catalysts such as porous carbons are promising candidates for ORR and the performance of porous carbons strongly depends on their nanostructure. Herein, we reported the synthesis of high surface area N doped carbon nanotube (CNT-900) by using ZnO@zeolite imidazolate framework (ZnO@ZIF-8) nanowire as a precursor. When used for an ORR catalyst, the CNT-900 show obvious superior performance compared with the carbon derived from ZIF-8. In addition, it exhibits comparable activity with 20 wt% Pt/C and superior stability. Combined with green and facile synthesis strategy, the method in this work can be easily extended to synthesis other nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion application. Graphical abstract N doped carbon nanotube with high surface area and ORR performance was synthesized by using ZnO@ZIF-8 nanowire as precursor. Unlabelled Image Highlights • ZnO@ZIF-8 was facilely synthesized at room temperature and converted to N doped carbon nanotube at 900 °C. • The CNT-900 shows very high surface area, which greatly improves its ORR performance. • The CNT-900 exhibits comparable activity with 20 wt% Pt/C and superior stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cu 2 O@Cu 9 S 5 yolk-shell nanospheres were prepared by a facial wet chemical method. • This catalyst display enhanced electrocatalytic properties for H 2 O 2 reduction. • This catalyst based sensor exhibits excellent H 2 O 2 sensing performance. • Performance include low detection limit, outstanding sensitivity and selectivity. It is urgent to develop highly active catalysts toward hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) sensor in many industrial and biological processes, which usually is limited by high cost of instrumentation requirements and low-accuracy detection at low level. Herein, Cu 2 O@Cu 9 S 5 yolk-shell nanospheres has been synthesized via a facial wet chemical method and applied as electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic H 2 O 2 sensor. These Cu 2 O@Cu 9 S 5 yolk-shell nanospheres with mean sizes of 230 nm consisting of Cu 2 O conductive core and Cu 9 S 5 shell show numerous advantageous characteristics of well-sustained structural integrity, the homogeneous particle size distribution and visible mesoporosity morphology. The significantly improved electrocatalytic activity by catalyzing H 2 O 2 of the Cu 2 O@Cu 9 S 5 yolk-shell nanospheres as a sensor has been obtained by comparing with those neat Cu 2 O nanospheres and Cu 9 S 5 hollow nanospheres. This noticeable property is largely due to the synergistic catalysis effect of the contribution of the Cu 2 O and Cu 9 S 5. Cu 2 O@Cu 9 S 5 yolk-shell nanospheres based non-enzymatic H 2 O 2 sensor displays the relatively wide linear range from 0.1 μM to 3.5 mM with a high sensitivity of 299.74 μA mM−1 cm−2 but low detection limit of 28.83 nM (S/N ≥ 3) for electrochemical detection of H 2 O 2 , which is potentially superior to other similar Cu 2 O-based sensors that has been reported in the literatures. Additionally, this sensor also demonstrates excellent selectivity of H 2 O 2 in the presence of various coactive interferences. This novel Cu 2 O@Cu 9 S 5 yolk-shell nanospheres electrocatalyst provides a broad application prospect for H 2 O 2 sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new mixed-ligand Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Zn4(2-mbIm)3(bIm)5·4H2O (named JUC-160, 2-mbIm=2-methylbenzimidazole, bIm=benzimidazole and JUC=Jilin University China) was synthesized with a solvothermal reaction of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, bIm and 2-mbIm in DMF solution at 180°C. Topological analysis indicated that JUC-160 has a zeolite GIS (gismondine) topology. Study of the gas adsorption and thermal and chemical stability of JUC-160 demonstrated its selective adsorption property for carbon dioxide, high thermal stability, and remarkable chemical resistance to boiling alkaline water and organic solvent for up to one week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A 3D multifunctional lanthanide metal-organic framework (MOF), Er4(TCPS)3(H2O)6·10DMF·4H2O (JUC-99) (H4TCPS=tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)silane, DMF= N,N′-dimethylformamide and JUC=Jilin University China) has been synthesized by self-assembly of Er(III) ions and rigid silicon-centered tetrahedral carboxylate ligands under solvothermal reactions. X-ray crystallography reveals that JUC-99 exhibits a unique trinodal (4,12)-connected topology, constructed from tetranuclear erbium clusters as 12-connected nodes and tetrahedral ligands TCPS as 4-connected nodes. To the best of our knowledge, JUC-99 is the first example of lanthanide MOFs with trinodal (4,12)-connected topology structure. In addition, the luminescent and magnetic properties of the compound are investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • A flexible and scalable solution for achieving daytime passive radiative cooling; • Yielded 48-hour sub-ambient cooling without windshield or sun shield; • Achieved a maximum temperature reduction of 6 °C and cooling power of 84.7 W/m2; • Assessed the effect of cooler's sky view factor on radiative cooling performance; • Examined cooler's feasibility as a cooling source by scaled-down field tests. Daytime passive radiative cooling shows great potential in thermal management by highly reflecting the solar irradiation and intensively releasing mid-infrared thermal emission to the cold universe (~3 K). Although the desired optical property for radiative cooling can be achieved by optical-scale structures, a solution for mass production and cost reduction is still being sought. A flexible and scalable daytime passive radiative cooler in the form of a sheet that consists of a reflector layer and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer is demonstrated to achieve promising sub-ambient cooling in Hong Kong's hot and humid climate. The proposed cooling sheet exhibits an average solar reflection of 92.1% and mid-infrared emissivity of 94.5%. A 48-hour continuous sub-ambient cooling, with an average ambient temperature drop of 2.4 °C, is experimentally demonstrated without any windshields or sun shields. Under a clear sky condition, cooling powers of 52.4 W/m2 and 84.7 W/m2 are measured at noontime and night, respectively. The impact of the sky view factor on cooling performance has also been numerically investigated for the first time. In the scenario of obstruction by a wall, a cooling power degradation of 29 W/m2 is assessed during the daytime when the wall temperature is 15 K above ambient air with a view factor of 0.2. To assess the feasibility for cooling as building exterior materials, a field test using a scaled-down model house has been conducted. The cooler-applied model house produced a better indoor thermal environment with lower indoor air temperature and inner wall temperature compared with one coated with commercial white paint. Last but not least, to investigate the heat exchange of the cooler with ventilated air, a passive radiative air-cooling system has been built and tested, and sub-ambient cooling with 1 °C air temperature reduction was achieved through a 24-hour operation. This work leads to a new solution for daytime passive radiative cooling, which can potentially be applied in various scenarios, such as buildings and vehicles, with its great flexibility and scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MoO 2 @MoS 2 @Co 9 S 8 heterostructure nanorod by utilizing MoO 3 @ZIF-67 as a precursor. • The nanorod is assembled by 2D nanosheet with high electrochemical surface area. • The nanorod can serve as bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. • The HER and OER overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 are 160 mV and 310 mV. • The high performance is induced by the synergistic effect of the heterostructure. Developing low-cost and high-efficiency bifunctional catalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to catalyze electrochemical overall water splitting is critical for the production of hydrogen. Herein, we develop an in-situ reduction and vulcanization strategy to prepare MoO 2 @MoS 2 @Co 9 S 8 heterostructure nanorods by utilizing MoO 3 @ZIF-67 as a precursor. The reduction of MoO 3 can produce more conductive MoO 2 , and the vulcanization reaction can produce highly active MoS 2 for the HER as well as highly active Co 9 S 8 for the OER. In addition, the MoS 2 anchor on the MoO 2 not only facilitates electron transfer, but also interacts with Co 9 S 8 to induce a synergic catalytic effect by the electron transfer between them. Moreover, the 2D nanosheet assembled heterostructure nanorods can provide a large electrochemical surface area. Therefore, the merits of the materials are fully utilized and outstanding catalytic performances are achieved. MoO 2 @MoS 2 @Co 9 S 8 can catalyze HER and OER effectively with overpotentials of 160 and 310 mV at 10 mA cm−2, indicating its bifunctional activity. In addition, the two electrode electrolyzer catalyzed by MoO 2 @MoS 2 @Co 9 S 8 can reach 10 mA cm−2 current density at a cell voltage of 1.62 V with very high stability, demonstrating its practical application for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ZnS decorated N, S co-doped porous carbon polyhedron are synthesized. • A small fraction of ZnS can greatly improve the ORR activity of the catalyst. • The ZnS@NC-3 shows comparable ORR activity with 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst. • The Zn-air battery using ZnS@NC-3 shows an open circuit voltage of 1.524 V. • The Zn-air battery exhibit a power density of 176 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 736 mA h g−1. Developing low cost, environmentally friendly and high efficiency oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is critical for clean energy conversion and storage devices including fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Herein, we developed a facile method to doping N, S and ZnS into carbon framework simultaneously. The N, S co-doping and extra ZnS active sites could prominently enhance the ORR performance of the carbon. The optimized sample ZnS@NC-3 exhibit an onset potential of 0.94 V and a half-wave potential of 0.84 V, which is comparable to 20 wt% Pt/C. In addition, the methanol tolerance and cycle ability are obvious superior than that of Pt/C. Moreover, when used as electrocatalysts for Zn-air battery, the battery exhibits an open circuit voltage of 1.524 V, a high specific capacity of 736 mA h g−1 and a max power density of 176 mW cm−2, demonstrating its great potential for clean energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is crucial for practical applications in water splitting and metal-air battery devices. Special structures of materials often bring in unprecedented catalytic activity. Herein, we first report the synthesis of CoMoO 4 nanotube by using MoO 3 @ZIF-67 nanorod. The CoMoO 4 nanotube shows high OER activity with a low overpotential of 315 mV delivering a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The electro-catalytic activity surpasses that of many Co and Mo-based catalysts. Furthermore, the strategy presented here is facile, and can be extended to the synthesis of other Mo-based nanotube materials for energy storage and conversion. Unlabelled Image • CoMoO 4 nanotube was prepared by using MOF composite as precursor for the first time. • The CoMoO 4 shows high a specific surface area of 157 m2 g−1. • The CoMoO 4 shows high OER activity of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 315 mV. • The CoMoO 4 also shows outstanding long-term electrochemical durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]