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In Maugham's short story "The Outstation", Warburton, the Resident in a remote sector of Borneo reifies Anderson's imagined community. Warburton is lord of the realm but has an encompassing lack of self-awareness complemented by superhuman self-control. Maugham's story is a dense web of class and race conflict. The protagonist, Warburton, and the antagonist, Cooper, his lower-class assistant, are locked in a struggle that chisels away the façade of Empire and offers a perspective on authority that requires more than an essentialist reading of identity. Warburton admires the Malays and is proud of the regard with which he is held in the colony, not by his confreres, but by the Malays. Cooper despises both the Malays and Warburton. Warburton and Cooper play out a deadly game of "power and privilege" that fronts post-colonial concepts of identity and authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous oral histories and substantial ethnographic evidence illustrate how plant species, communities, and even landscapes were extensively managed and cared for by ancestral communities in the Pacific Northwest. Camas (Camassia spp.) is one such cultural keystone plant, common from the Pacific Ocean to the Rocky Mountains, with numerous records describing its role as a staple food for many Northwest peoples. Supporting deep time archeological evidence for such management or stewardship practices, however, has remained elusive. In this paper we analyze archived collections of archeological camas bulbs from 11 sites across the Willamette Valley, Oregon to demonstrate people began preparing camas within earth ovens by approximately 8000 calendar years before present and deliberately harvesting sexually mature camas plants circa 3500 calendar years before present. We compare these findings with climatological, palynological, and fire history reconstructions to discuss stewardship strategies for camas and associated plant communities through time at the population, community, and landscape levels. These findings confirm and expand upon Indigenous knowledges as well as offer time-tested methods for cultural keystone conservationists seeking to revitalize traditional plant stewardship practices throughout this region and beyond. This "camas case study" also offers another example of a human-plant symbiotic relationship, expanding our knowledge of plant food pathways, processes, and mutualisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Other Side of the Mirror" is a critical anthology that examines the work of Abdelkébir Khatibi, a Moroccan writer. The book features essays that analyze Khatibi's writing style, his exploration of popular culture, and his novels. It also includes translated excerpts from Khatibi's own works. The anthology aims to highlight Khatibi's contributions to postcolonial and francophone literature and increase his recognition in the English-speaking world. However, it is suggested that the anthology could benefit from additional discussions on syntax and gender in Khatibi's work. [Extracted from the article]

From the perspective of the television series Breaking Bad (2008–2013), Walter White, its antihero, is not just an "angry middle-aged white guy". He represents the repressed rage of countless ill-used Ph.Ds. This is why "he is the danger." The cultural moment of Breaking Bad may serve for us in Siegfried Kracauer's term as a "close-up shot or establishing shot." The series is an index of Kracauer's "law of levels." White has lived his life according to what he thought was standard and decent conduct. His life has been adequate. He echoes Tolstoy's Ivan Ilyich whose life "was most ordinary and therefore most terrible." White also recalls Stavrogin from Dostoevsky's The Possessed. Stavrogin condemns himself because he can only have been satisfied by himself (in both senses). He is more Mephistopheles than Faust; he is never out of hell because he will not accept the possibility of anything outside himself. Breaking Bad also reifies Carlo Ginzburg's "estrangement." The screens that we carry with us transmit endless meaninglessness. We are consumed by consumerism. Therefore, Walter White is not an antihero: He is the perfect hero for a world in which the marketplace alone determines value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid design of 18‐story "Tall Wood Building" in Vancouver and alternative in wood The first part of this paper discusses the design of one of the world's tallest hybrid wood buildings: the "Tall Wood Building", a 18‐story, 53 m tall student residence on the campus of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. The building consists of 17 floors in solid wood construction on one floor in reinforced concrete. Two vertical concrete cores provide the required lateral load resisting system. The timber construction system consists of cross laminated timber, point supported on glulam beams. While the construction of the concrete cores lasted 14 weeks, the entire solid wood structure took only ten weeks to complete. Substantial shortening of the project duration and reduction of the ecological footprint of the building could have been achieved, if wood had been used for the cores. In the second part of this work, we examine the possibility of designing the building with solid wood cores. The results of a validated numerical model show that the criteria for earthquake and wind design of the current Canadian building standards can be met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the base of almost all marine food webs, phytoplankton play a dominant role in determining the productivity of marine ecosystems. Recent studies have highlighted the dynamic variability of phytoplankton abundance in nearshore ecosystems over synoptic time scales. Therefore, a greater understanding of the physical mechanisms that contribute to this variability is required to assess impacts of current as well as future weather patterns on these ecosystems. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence data from a nearshore location in southern Monterey Bay was used to identify the timing and duration of increases in phytoplankton concentrations. Regional physical parameters, including wind stress, wave height and water temperature were analyzed to determine what, if any, physical processes are associated with observed blooms. A significant negative correlation between water temperature and chlorophyll (high chlorophyll associated with cold water) was found for the two summer seasons studied (2012, 2013). The timing of high chlorophyll events coincided with relaxations of upwelling favorable wind conditions. Analysis of surface current data suggests that the incoming cold water masses are the result of poleward currents from the south of Monterey Bay. A conceptual model is proposed in which phytoplankton are advected into southern Monterey Bay during wind relaxation events preceded by upwelling events of great enough duration to establish well defined circulation patterns. The reversal of circulation patterns transports cold, phytoplankton-rich water into the bay from south of the Monterey Peninsula. This study demonstrates that wind relaxation events can be an important driver of localized high phytoplankton biomass events on the inner shelf by advecting recently upwelled water into coastal embayments that are relatively sheltered from strong upwelling favorable winds. • Phytoplankton abundance correlates strongest with inner shelf water temperature. • Phytoplankton blooms are associated with upwelling relaxation events. • Exposed coast and sheltered conditions vary dramatically across short distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims JNJ-64179375 (hereafter JNJ-9375) is a first-in-class, highly specific, large molecule, exosite 1 thrombin inhibitor. In preclinical studies, JNJ-9375 demonstrated robust antithrombotic protection with a wider therapeutic index when compared to apixaban. The purpose of the present study was to examine for the first time the antiplatelet, anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of JNJ-9375 in a translational model of ex vivo human thrombosis. Methods and results Fifteen healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind randomized crossover study of JNJ-9375 (2.5, 25, and 250 μg/mL), bivalirudin (6 μg/mL; positive control), and matched placebo. Coagulation, platelet activation, and thrombus formation were determined using coagulation assays, flow cytometry, and an ex vivo perfusion chamber, respectively. JNJ-9375 caused concentration-dependent prolongation of all measures of blood coagulation (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time; P  < 0.001 for all) and agonist selective inhibition of thrombin (0.1 U/mL) stimulated platelet p-selectin expression (P  < 0.001) and platelet-monocyte aggregates (P  = 0.002). Compared to placebo, JNJ-9375 (250 μg/mL) reduced mean total thrombus area by 41.1% (95% confidence intervals 22.3 to 55.3%; P  < 0.001) at low shear and 32.3% (4.9 to 51.8%; P  = 0.025) at high shear. Under both shear conditions, there was a dose-dependent decrease in fibrin-rich thrombus (P  < 0.001 for both) but not platelet-rich thrombus (P  = ns for both). Conclusion Exosite 1 inhibition with JNJ-9375 caused prolongation of blood coagulation, selective inhibition of thrombin-mediated platelet activation, and reductions in ex vivo thrombosis driven by a decrease in fibrin-rich thrombus formation. JNJ-9375 represents a novel class of anticoagulant with potential therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tahar Djaout was one of Algeria's most exciting young writers when he was gunned down in a suburb of Algiers in 1993. Although his novels have since been the subject of critical attention in Algeria, France, and beyond, little attention has been paid to his poetry, despite evidence to suggest that it was his activity as poet that was most important to him. This paper examines Les Vigiles (1991), Djaout's last novel, for what it reveals about modern Algerian literature and its relation to Berber oral traditions, before reading a cycle from his first collection of poems, Solstice barbelé (1975). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reassesses the validity of musical ekphrasis, examining a composition by Jacob Gilboa that recreates book "Jerusalem Windows" by Marc Chagall. It mentions representation in a visual or verbal text and rendering of that representation in musical language and conclusion a new definition of ekphrasis as "a representation in one medium of a text composed in another medium. It also mentions ways transforming musical ekphrasis into a viable and necessary creative and critical figure.

7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) is an oxidative enzymatic product of cholesterol metabolism via cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, an enzyme also known as cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1). C4 is a stable intermediate in the rate limiting pathway of bile acid biosynthesis. Previous studies showed that plasma C4 levels correlated with CYP7A1 enzymatic activity and could serve as a biomarker for bile acid synthesis. Here we developed and qualified a simple and robust high-throughput method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to quantify C4 in rat and monkey plasma. As C4 being an endogenous compound, this method used calibration standards in 50/50: acetonitrile/water (v/v). In order to mimic the incurred samples, quality control samples were prepared in the authentic plasma. Stable isotope labeled C4 (C4-d 7 ) was used as the internal standard. The sample volume for analysis was 20 μL and the sample preparation method was protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The average endogenous C4 concentrations, from 10 different lots of rat and monkey plasma, were 53.0 ± 16.5 ng/mL and 6.8 ± 5.6 ng/mL, respectively. Based on these observed endogenous C4 levels, the calibration curve ranges were established at 1–200 ng/mL and 0.5–100 ng/mL for rat assay and monkey assay, respectively. The method was qualified with acceptable accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity. Matrix effect, recovery, and plasma stability of bench-top, freeze-thaw, and long-term frozen storage were also evaluated. The method has been successfully applied to pre-clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oregon's Fort Rock Cave is iconic in respect to both the archaeology of the northern Great Basin and the history of debate about when the Great Basin was colonized. In 1938, Luther Cressman recovered dozens of sagebrush bark sandals from beneath Mt. Mazama ash that were later radiocarbon dated to between 10,500 and 9350 cal B.P. In 1970, Stephen Bedwell reported finding lithic tools associated with a date of more than 15,000 cal B.P., a date dismissed as unreasonably old by most researchers. Now, with evidence of a nearly 15,000-year-old occupation at the nearby Paisley Five Mile Point Caves, we returned to Fort Rock Cave to evaluate the validity of Bedwell's claim, assess the stratigraphic integrity of remaining deposits, and determine the potential for future work at the site. Here, we report the results of additional fieldwork at Fort Rock Cave undertaken in 2015 and 2016, which supports the early Holocene occupation, but does not confirm a pre–10,500 cal B.P. human presence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article explores Stéphane Mallarmé's prose poem "Le Nénuphar blanc" (The White Water Lily). Topics discussed include description of the narrative structure of "Le Nénuphar blanc," the prose poem's loose end and the occasional traces of photography in Mallarmé's poetic oeuvre.

Games-based Learning (GBL) has developed a reputation with educationalists it is perceived as a potentially engaging form of supplementary learning that could enhance the educational process and has been used at all levels of education including primary, secondary and tertiary education. Despite this recognition and utilisation there is still a lack of empirical evidence supporting GBL as an approach. This paper presents the findings of a systematic literature review performed from 2000 to 2013 specifically looking at quality empirical studies associated with the application of GBL in Primary Education (PE) categorising studies into: behavioural change, affective and motivational outcomes, perceptual and cognitive skills and knowledge acquisition and content understanding. This paper presents a synthesis of these high quality studies associated with GBL. The studies showed that GBL have been used to teach a variety of subjects to children and young people in PE with mathematics, science, language and social studies being the most popular. However, the analysis shows that more Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) studies should be performed comparing GBL to traditional teaching approaches to ascertain if GBL is a useful, viable teaching approach at PE level; there is a distinct lack of longitudinal studies and further longitudinal studies are required; further studies are required looking at whether there are pedagogical benefits of using 2D or 3D games at PE level to assess if 3D immersive games are indeed necessary; further studies are also required to perform comparisons between single and collaborative play and to identify the pedagogical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Great Basin of North America has produced some of the most robust and ancient fiber artifact assemblages in the world, many were recovered with poor chronological controls. Consequently, this class of artifacts has seldom been effectively incorporated into general discussions of early chronological and cultural patterns. In recent years, the Great Basin Textile Dating Project has accumulated direct AMS dates on textiles (bags, sandals, mats, cordage, and basketry) from dry caves in the Great Basin, particularly in the northern and western areas. We focus here on the terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene, to identify chronological patterns in this class of artifacts and to evaluate Adovasio's characterization of the region's earliest basketry as simple and undecorated. New AMS dates now suggest that the region's earliest people had sophisticated textile traditions that incorporated numerous decorative elaborations. Some distinctive structures, including Fort Rock sandals and weft-faced plaited textiles, have limited early temporal ranges and may serve as diagnostic indicators for terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene times. Other basketry forms and structures that appear by about 9000 cal B.P. persist into the historic period, suggesting a stronger thread of continuity (especially in the north) from this time than is apparent in lithic traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits derived from delivering learning content in ways that match the student's learning style have been identified in classroom learning and eLearning. Although there is limited empirical evidence in adaptive Games-Based Learning (GBL), adaptivity has been identified to have the potential to improve learning effectiveness. This paper presents the results of a study to investigate the use of learning styles in GBL particularly in identifying the learning style in GBL including the learning style's fluctuation during the learning process. For the purposes of this study, a game with two game modes was developed: 1) non-adaptivity mode and 2) a mode that had an in-game adaptive system that dynamically and continuously adapted its contents according to the student's interactions in the game. In both modes, the interactions between the participants and the game were recorded in a database. The study was performed with 60 students in Higher Education. The results show that the learning style identified by using a learning style questionnaire is not always consistent with the learning style identified in the game. The results also show the learning style fluctuates during the learning process in GBL although there is a tendency for participants to choose the same learning style as the learning style identified outside the game in the first mission of the game. The number of mistakes committed by participants has been identified to have a strong correlation to the fluctuation. The results contribute to the body of empirical evidence in adaptive GBL particularly in identifying the learning style fluctuation in GBL and the paper provides recommendations on the use of adaptivity in GBL to accommodate this fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that each student has a different way of learning and processing information has long been recognised by educationalists. In the classroom, the benefits derived from delivering learning content in ways that match the student's learning style have also been identified. As new modes of delivery of learning content such as computer-assisted learning systems (e.g. eLearning) have become increasingly popular, research into these has also identified the benefits of tailoring learning content to learning styles. However, in games-based learning (GBL), the adaptation based on learning style to enhance the educational experience has not been well researched. For the purpose of this research, a game with three game modes has been developed: 1) non-adaptivity mode; 2) a mode that customises the game according to the student's learning style identified by using a learning style questionnaire; and 3) a mode that has an in-game adaptive system that dynamically and continuously adapts its content according to the student's interactions in the game. This paper discusses the term adaptivity in a GBL context and presents the results of an experimental study investigating the differences in learning effectiveness of the different game modes compared to a paper-based learning. The study was performed with 120 Higher Education students learning the database language SQL (Structured Query Language). The results show that the game developed, regardless of mode, produced better learning outcomes than those who learned from a textbook while adaptive GBL was better in terms of allowing learners to complete the tasks faster than the other two game versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the nature and extent of engagement of the Romanian 20th century German-language poet Paul Celan with the work of the 17th century Dutch painter Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. Topics discussed include critical investigations of Celan's interest in Rembrandt's work being usually limited to the published poem "ENKANTER: Rembrandt." Also mentioned is the comments that Rembrandt's painting should be understood as an intimate, pressing, and bodily presence in Celan's work.

The California Undercurrent (CUC), a poleward-flowing feature over the continental slope, is a key transport pathway along the west coast of North America and an important component of regional upwelling dynamics. This study examines the poleward undercurrent and alongshore pressure gradients in the northern California Current System (CCS), where local wind stress forcing is relatively weak. The dynamics of the undercurrent are compared in the primitive equation Navy Coastal Ocean Model and a linear coastal trapped wave model. Both models are validated using hydrographic data and current-meter observations in the core of the undercurrent in the northern CCS. In the linear model, variability in the predominantly equatorward wind stress along the U.S. West Coast produces episodic reversals to poleward flow over the northern CCS slope during summer. However, reproducing the persistence of the undercurrent during late summer requires additional incoming energy from sea level variability applied south of the region of the strongest wind forcing. The relative importance of the barotropic and baroclinic components of the modeled alongshore pressure gradient changes with latitude. In contrast to the southern and central portions of the CCS, the baroclinic component of the alongshore pressure gradient provides the primary poleward force at CUC depths over the northern CCS slope. At time scales from weeks to months, the alongshore pressure gradient force is primarily balanced by the Coriolis force associated with onshore flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coiled basketry dates to more than 8,000 years ago in the Eastern Great Basin and is found in the Western Basin by 4,500 years ago. In the Northern Great Basin, archaeological basketry is dominated by twineware; fewer than 20 fragments of coiled basketry have been reported. Coiling has long been thought to have appeared very late in the Northern Basin, and the perceived late presence of coiling in the north has been considered by some to be an indicator of a late Numic incursion from the south. Recent direct radiocarbon dating of fiber samples from the coiled specimens from the Northern Great Basin undermines the previous assumptions of a uniformly late age. Though rare, coiling has a consistent presence in the region for more than 2,500 years. Further, its distribution suggests that this technological influence may have derived primarily from eastern, rather than southern, sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the literature on computer games and serious games in regard to the potential positive impacts of gaming on users aged 14 years or above, especially with respect to learning, skill enhancement and engagement. Search terms identified 129 papers reporting empirical evidence about the impacts and outcomes of computer games and serious games with respect to learning and engagement and a multidimensional approach to categorizing games was developed. The findings revealed that playing computer games is linked to a range of perceptual, cognitive, behavioural, affective and motivational impacts and outcomes. The most frequently occurring outcomes and impacts were knowledge acquisition/content understanding and affective and motivational outcomes. The range of indicators and measures used in the included papers are discussed, together with methodological limitations and recommendations for further work in this area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Since their introduction over 40 years ago, digital entertainment games have become one of the most popular leisure activities globally. While digital games clearly provide highly engaging activities, the nature of this engagement is not well understood. The current study aims to advance our understanding by reporting a systematic review of recent literature addressing engagement in computer games. The papers in the review comprise a sub-sample of papers relating to engagement in digital games that was selected from a broader literature search carried out on the outcomes and impacts of playing computer games. A diverse range of studies was identified that examined varied aspects of engagement in games including subjective experiences while playing games, the physiological concomitants of these experiences, motives for playing games, game usage and time spent playing games and the impact of playing on life satisfaction. A narrative review was carried out to capture these diverse aspects of engagement and to develop a more coherent understanding of engagement in computer games. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Computer games have become a highly popular form of entertainment and have had a large impact on how University students spend their leisure time. Due to their highly motivating properties computer games have come to the attention of educationalists who wish to exploit these highly desirable properties for educational purposes. Several studies have been performed looking at motivations for playing computer games in a general context and in a Higher Education (HE) context. These studies did not focus on the differences in motivations between online and offline game players. Equally the studies did not look at the differences in motivations of people who prefer single player games and people who prefer multiplayer games. If games-based learning is to become a recognised teaching approach then such motivations for playing computer games must be better understood. This paper presents the combined analysis of three studies at HE level, performed over a four year period from 2005 to 2009. The paper focuses on differences of motivations in relation to single player/multiplayer preference and online/offline game participation. The study found that challenge is the top ranking motivation and recognition is the lowest ranking motivation for playing computer games in general. Challenge is also the top ranking motivation for playing games in HE while fantasy and recognition are the lowest ranking motivations for playing games in HE. Multiplayer gamers derive more competition, cooperation, recognition, fantasy and curiosity from playing games and online gamers derive more challenge, cooperation, recognition and control from playing games. Multiplayer gamers and online gamers ranked competition, cooperation and recognition significantly more important for playing games in HE than single players and offline participants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A proposed bridge replacement over the Nehalem River between the communities of Birkenfeld and Mist in northwest Oregon identified the remains of an early twentieth century logging railroad camp. The railroad line was operated by the Kerry Timber and Logging Company sometime between ca. 1917 and 1925. As the camp bordered an elevated trestle, the entire camp was built on stilts above the ground. Due to this fact, and later highway and bridge construction, archaeological traces of the camp were relatively diffuse. Recovered artifacts were dominated by nails, and by robust white institutional ceramics ("hotel ware") that likely relate to a crew camp mess. Examination of artifacts associated with railroad grades east and west of the project area suggests that the rail line west of the camp was built as a branch-level grade, and the lines east as spur-level grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological work at five sites in the Malhuer River Basin of east-central Oregon was conducted in response to bridge and interchange construction projects. Chronologically diagnostic projectile points and obsidian hydration values suggest occupation histories spanning the Holocene, but geoarchaeological, radiocarbon, and obsidian hydration evidence indicate that the major archaeological components are middle and late Holocene in age (ca. 3700 BP to late pre-Contact). Faunal remains, fishing equipment, and positive test results for fish proteins on projectile points, flake tools, bifaces, and ground stone indicate fishing for trout or salmon was an important activity at the sites. Obsidian sourcing provides insights on changing land use ranges through time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, Alternate Reality Games (ARGs), a form of narrative often involving multiple media and gaming elements to tell a story that might be affected by participants’ actions, have been used in the marketing and promotion of a number of entertainment related products such as films, computer games and music. This paper discusses the design, development and evaluation of an ARG aimed at increasing the motivations of secondary school level students across Europe in the learning of modern foreign languages. The ARG was developed and implemented as part of a European Commission Comenius project and involved 6 project partners, 328 secondary school students and 95 language teachers from 17 European countries. The collaborative nature of ARGs provides a potentially useful vehicle for developing collaborative activities within an educational context. This paper describes the educational value of ARGs, in particular the ARG for supporting the teaching of modern European languages and the specific activities that were developed around Web 2.0 and gaming that underpinned the ARG and helped promote cooperation and learning within an educational environment. An evaluation of the ARG was conducted using an experimental design of pre-test → ARG intervention → post-test. 105 students completed the pre-test, 92 students completed the post-test and 45 students completed both the pre-test and post-test questionnaires. In general, student attitudes towards the ARG were very positive with evidence suggesting that the ARG managed to deliver the motivational experience expected by the students. The majority of students who completed the post-test either agreed or strongly agreed that they would be willing to play the game over a prolonged period of time as part of a foreign language course. In addition, through using the ARG, students believed that they obtained skills relating to cooperation, collaboration and teamwork. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A highly important part of software engineering education is requirements collection and analysis which is one of the initial stages of the Database Application Lifecycle and arguably the most important stage of the Software Development Lifecycle. No other conceptual work is as difficult to rectify at a later stage or as damaging to the overall system if performed incorrectly. As software engineering is a field with a reputation for producing graduates who are inappropriately prepared for applying their skills in real life software engineering scenarios, it suggests that traditional educational techniques such as role-play, live-through case studies and paper-based case studies are insufficient preparation and that other approaches are required. To attempt to combat this problem we have developed a games-based learning application to teach requirements collection and analysis at tertiary education level as games-based learning is seen as a highly motivating, engaging form of media and is a rapidly expanding field. This paper will describe the evaluation of the requirements collection and analysis game particularly from a pedagogical perspective. The game will be compared to traditional methods of software engineering education using a pre-test/post-test, control group/experimental group design to assess if the game can act as a suitable supplement to traditional techniques and assess if it can potentially overcome shortcomings. The game will be evaluated in five separate experiments at tertiary education level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The occurrence of blast-induced brain injury in individuals serving in Iraq and Afghanistan is dramatically higher than in past conflicts. This has been attributed in part to the prevalence of roadside improvised explosive devices, or IEDs. There is a call from the military medical community to reduce the reliance on victim self-reporting as the primary diagnosis technique to determine the likelihood of brain injury after a blast. This study demonstrates the ability to establish criteria which correlates easily measured parameters to the probability of cerebral contusion and, thus, brain injury. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to establish the environment from a full range of threats. This is combined with bond graph modeling of varying levels of fidelity to estimate the dynamics of the skull and brain. Results clearly show that a boundary exists in the threat parameter space that determines whether brain injury is probable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A forgotten late-19th-century cemetery (ca. 1854-1879) with 12 graves was discovered in early 2008 during a construction project in western Oregon. Eight graves had been previously opened during a 1901 disinterment, but four remained intact. All provided information on burial patterns during the decades following American settlement of the Willamette Valley by Oregon Trail pioneers. Although the timeline is both slightly delayed and compressed, trends in burial ornamentation and hardware generally follow those noted in American cemeteries in the East. The unadorned graves of the 1850s are most similar to those of earlier decades on the eastern seaboard. By the end of the 1870s, rail lines had been built through the Willamette Valley, and within a few years the valley was linked to a growing national rail network. A relative immediacy of bicoastal contact was achieved at this time, allowing a measure of synchronicity in funerary trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pane glass thickness increased incrementally throughout the nineteenth century, and archaeologists have found that glass thickness may be a useful chronological tool. Excavations at the Beatty Curve archaeological site (35-KL-95), located on the former Kiamath Indian Reservation in the Sprague River Valley of south-central Oregon, revealed the remains of a nineteenth century cabin with abundant window glass fragments. Pane glass chronologies proposed by other researchers were evaluated using the pane glass assemblage from the site. The estimate best supported by other chronological data provides an age in the latter 1860s, falling within a few years of the establishment of the both Klamath Reservation (1864) or the later Yainax Subagency (ca. 1870). Though historically associated with the allotment of a prominent Klamath family, the cabin was clearly built decades prior to implementation of the Allotment Act in the Klamath Basin (ca. 1895-1910). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Replacing the terminal narrative of Native American culture with themes of resilience and survivance. • Using archaeology to demonstrate selective adoption and adaptation of new materials and practices by a Native (Klamath) community as they negotiated a place between ancient traditions and the new social realities and government-promoted policies in a colonial context. • Review of Klamath tribal history from prehistoric to modern times, including reservation, allotment, termination, and restoration eras. The process of human culture entails a perpetual negotiation between the familiar and the new. In the Americas, this process was much accelerated and amplified within Native communities by the historical processes of colonization. We use the record of the Beatty Curve archaeological site in south-central Oregon to examine how members of the Klamath Tribes and their ancestors selectively adopted, adapted, or repurposed introduced materials and practices most compatible with traditional lifeways and values while also maintaining many traditional practices, both overtly and covertly. Transformations from pre-contact to reservation life, and through Termination and Restoration in the 20th century, are built on enduring traditions that have carried the Klamath Tribes to the present, and help to articulate the strength, resilience, and pride of heritage that characterizes the modern Klamath community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a 3-year quasi-experimental study of three Masters courses in computing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the teaching and learning of these courses were enhanced by being developed and delivered in an online format as compared to face-to-face full-time and part-time delivery. Key methodological questions and issues to be examined were: (a) any observable difference in student performance as measured by end-of-module grades/marks; (b) any observable difference between coursework and exam performance in the technically-oriented modules; (c) any observable difference in dropout rates, student satisfaction and faculty satisfaction. The study examined the results from 4684 module enrolments, consisting of 269 online students, 796 part-time students, and 3619 full-time students distributed across 7 modules and 79 module instantiations. The data was gathered using a variety of different means which included interviews, end of module questionnaires, student records and enrolment data. The results show that the online students consistently perform better then the face-to-face students and the paper reflects on this finding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

For some time now, computer games have played an important role in both children and adults' leisure activities. While there has been much written on the negative aspects of computer games, it has also been recognised that they have potential advantages and benefits. There is no doubt that computer games are highly engaging and incorporate features that are extremely compelling. It is these highly engaging features of computer games that have attracted the interests of educationalists. The use of games-based learning has been growing for many years now; however, within software engineering, there is still a dearth of empirical evidence to support this approach. In this paper, we examine the literature on the use of computer games to teach software engineering concepts and describe a computer game we have been developing to teach these concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contributions of this research center on two major areas: delineation of a new model of distance education in which the authors identify three generations of eLearning; and examination of how eLearning and games-based eLearning technologies can be used to enrich the Information Systems (IS) learning experiences of students with different learning styles. Before considering these contributions, some background material on eLearning is useful. eLearning has profoundly changed many aspects of society and, inevitably, it is having a significant impact on Higher Education, where it has now evolved from a marginal form of education to a commonly accepted alternative to traditional face-to-face education. The term can cover different delivery models ranging from courses that are delivered fully online (no face-to-face meetings) to courses that provide some face-to-face interaction and some online provision (sometimes called blended learning). Within this continuum interactive technologies can play a significant role in engaging the learner and providing a rich learning experience. The authors highlight some key educational merits of eLearning and games-based eLearning and highlight a number of examples where games-based eLearning has been applied elsewhere in the areas of management and administration, and business. This paper provides a new model for distance education in which the authors identify three generations of eLearning. The first generation was concerned mainly with the passive use of the Internet. The second generation was characterized by more advanced technologies such as eAssessment and Virtual Learning Environments. The current third generation of eLearning is focused more on collaborative learning environments based on areas such as reflective practice through tools like ePortfolios, blogs, wikis and interactive technologies such as games and simulations, as well as mLearning technologies. This paper also examines how eLearning and games-based eLearning technologies can be used to enrich the Information Systems (IS) learning experiences of students with different learning styles. The field of IS is a diverse and evolving area of study which draws upon a wide range of disciplines and skills. IS can be considered to be a wicked problem, characterized by incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements, with solutions that are difficult to recognize. As a result, teaching IS presents many difficulties and challenges since students often have problems and difficulty in handling ambiguity and vagueness often characterized with IS problem situations. In addition, students often have considerable difficulty in analysing problems where there is no single, simple well-known correct solution. As a result of these difficulties, the authors have utilised eLearning technologies and concepts and more latterly games-based eLearning as a means of overcoming these types of difficulties in teaching IS to students in a postgraduate MSc Management of eBusiness course. This is an area that does not appear to have looked into in much detail elsewhere in the IS and education literature. The authors consider that computer games have highly desirable qualities and build on theories such as motivation, constructivism, situated learning and problem-based learning.… [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Atypical glandular cells (AGC) in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears can be associated with premalignant and malignant cervical and endometrial lesions. AGC is difficult to diagnose in pregnancy due to confusion with normal cellular changes that accompany graviditas. While guidelines have been established for management of AGC cases in the non-pregnant patient, special considerations are required when this is discovered during a pregnancy. A routine Pap smear performed on a 29-year-old woman being seen for a history of infertility yielded AGC and a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The patient achieved pregnancy 1 month later. Satisfactory colposcopic exam was performed with cytobrush sampling of the endocervical canal, in addition to 2 exocervical biopsies at 11 weeks gestation. Positive diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ resulted in a risk-informed decision to proceed with a cold knife conization of the cervix. Final pathology showed complete resection of the lesion with negative margins and an additional area of squamous dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade II to III). Appropriate follow-up was recommended. AGC found upon Pap smear during a pregnancy can be associated with significant pathology for which an aggressive management approach is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an upper surface control law for performing longitudinal transition maneuvers in an automated highway system. Longitudinal dynamics of a vehicle; Choice for the desired velocity trajectory; Application of the control law for vehicles performing transition maneuvers at normal highway speeds.

Presents early Holocene basketry fragments and cordage found from archaeological deposits in a San Miguel Island, California cave. Double the antiquity of such objects previously found from the Pacific coast of North America; Significant addition to knowledge of Holocene technologies along the California coast.

Deep-sea currents in the Northeast Pacific Ocean are examined using observations at Station M, located on the abyssal plain 220 km offshore of central California. Collected near the seabed at ~4000 m depth from October 2014–October 2018, the current meter observations supplement long-term investigations of deep-sea benthic ecology at this site. To investigate mechanisms for variability at different time scales, the observed currents are separated into low-frequency fluctuations with periods of 1.4–60 days, fluctuations that are coherent with astronomical tidal forcing, and other high-frequency fluctuations. These motions contribute similarly to the overall variability at this location. Low-frequency currents exhibit elevated energy at periods of ~30 days, consistent with previous observations elsewhere in the abyssal North Pacific. However, unlike some other observations in the deep ocean, there is no consistent seasonal cycle in the variability of low-frequency motion. The theoretical prediction of Sverdrup balance between transport and local wind stress curl does not explain the timing or the magnitude of low frequency currents, suggesting that they are driven by remote winds or eddy dynamics. The non-tidal high-frequency fluctuations show evidence of a near-inertial peak and clockwise rotary motion, consistent with theoretical expectations for the internal gravity wave spectrum. Like the low-frequency currents, interannual variability of internal wave energy appears to be stronger than seasonal variability. Observations of the vertical structure 2.5–17.5 m above bottom are used to characterize the interactions between currents and the seabed. Observational estimates of diurnal and semidiurnal tidal ellipses are consistent with results from an analytical model that incorporates the effects of the Earth's rotation and tidal acceleration. A numerical model of the time dependent boundary layer provides estimates of bottom roughness and friction velocity that are consistent with previous observations at this site. This study shows that the strength, time scale and polarization of the near-bottom currents at Station M vary significantly between years, demonstrating the value of multi-year records in studies of the lateral transport of organic matter, sediment and organisms at this abyssal site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has historically remained a risk factor for obstetric patients, particularly those requiring cesarean section. The objective of this survey was to assess the response of general obstetricians to risk factor considerations for VTE prophylaxis and cesarean section. Methods: A survey regarding VTE prophylaxis and cesarean section was sent to 113 obstetricians practicing in suburban Chicago and northern Wisconsin. Results: There were 51 responses (45%) to the survey. Most respondents do not routinely use VTE prophylaxis for cesarean section in patients who may have one or more risk factors. Conclusion: There appears to be lack of consensus or appreciation for VTE and prophylaxis for cesarean section. Further studies and education are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dispersive interaction between a qubit and a cavity is ubiquitous in circuit and cavity quantum electrodynamics. It describes the frequency shift of one quantum mode in response to excitations in the other and, in closed systems, is necessarily bidirectional, i.e., reciprocal. Here, we present an experimental study of a nonreciprocal dispersive-type interaction between a transmon qubit and a superconducting cavity, arising from a common coupling to dissipative intermediary modes with broken time reversal symmetry. We characterize the qubit-cavity dynamics, including asymmetric frequency pulls and photon shot noise dephasing, under varying degrees of nonreciprocity by tuning the magnetic field bias of a ferrite component in situ. We introduce a general master equation model for nonreciprocal interactions in the dispersive regime, providing a compact description of the observed qubit-cavity dynamics agnostic to the intermediary system. Our result provides an example of quantum nonreciprocal phenomena beyond the typical paradigms of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and cascaded systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Infectious morbidity after tension-free vaginal tape(TVT)treatment of urinary stress incontinence may be a potential concern. CASE: A 53-year-old obese woman with a 7-year history of urinary incontinence consented to TVT placement. Two days after discharge the patient presented with suspected cellulitis. Dicloxacillin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and metronidazole were ineffective. Removal of the tape, surgical debridement, dressing changes, ceftriaxone, and clindamycin followed by levofloxacin and metronidazole, repeat wound debridement, and vacuum assisted closure were required. Frozen section revealed gangrenous soft tissue with areas of skin necrosis, but no fasciitis. CONCLUSION: This is the first case of necrotizing surgical site infection after TVT placement. Infectious morbidity risks need to be considered in these procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]