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Collagenolytic proteases produced by Aspergillus heteromorphus URM0269 were extracted using a PEG/sulfate aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). A 23 factorial design was performed to analyze the independent variables: PEG molar mass (MPEG), PEG concentration (CPEG), and sulfate concentration (Csulf). The extracted proteases were also evaluated for their optimum pH and stability at different pH levels (4.0 − 11.0) after 20 h of incubation. Collagen was extracted from mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) skin using acetic acid (0.5 mol L−1). The enzyme was preferentially partitioned to the PEG-rich phase (K > 1), whose highest purification factor and recovery (PF = 6.256 and Y = 404.432%) were obtained under specific conditions: MPEG 8000 g.mol−1, CPEG 30%, Csulf 10%. The ATPS extraction provided an enzymatic activity range of pH 7.0 − 11.0, exhibiting greater stability compared to the crude extract. Approximately 80% of protease activity was maintained after 20 hours of incubation at all analyzed pH levels, except pH 11.0. Collagen extraction from L. analis skin yielded 8.056%, and both crude extract samples and ATPS-derived samples successfully hydrolyzed the extracted collagen, reaching peak hydrolysis after 36 hours of treatment. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of extracting highly purified and active proteases capable of hydrolyzing L. analis collagen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This bibliographical study aims to systematize research on the English language in the hotel industry, from 2000 to 2021, in Brazil and abroad. Seventeen studies were selected and, from the qualitative-interpretative analysis, five categories emerged, which were categorized and interpreted. The study showed that the research topic, English in the hotel industry, is investigated from a qualitative-interpretative perspective, in undergraduate courses, predominantly abroad, and in work contexts, predominantly in Brazil, focusing on language proficiency, pointing out, in both contexts of investigation, gaps in the proficiency of undergraduate students and workers. It also showed that the rationale of the studies is diverse in view of the different approaches in which the language is investigated, ranging from language teaching-learning approaches, in undergraduate courses, to the provision of services to tourists and foreign guests, in the work contexts. Based on the results, this study suggests that research on language in the hotel industry should integrate into its investigation the analysis of training course curricula, aiming to advance simultaneously in research, professional training and the provision of service in the industry. It also suggests that the scope of the present study should be enlarged to other databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of personalized medicine depends on the discovery of biomarkers that allow oncologists to identify patients that will benefit from a particular targeted drug. Molecular tests are mostly performed using tumor samples, which may not be representative of the tumor's temporal and spatial heterogeneity. Liquid biopsies, and particularly the analysis of circulating tumor DNA, are emerging as an interesting means for diagnosis, prognosis, and predictive biomarker discovery. In this study, the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) coupled with high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) was developed for detecting two of the most relevant KRAS mutations in codon 12. After optimization with commercial cancer cell lines, KRAS mutation screening was validated in tumor and plasma samples collected from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and the results were compared to those obtained by Sanger sequencing (SS) and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). The developed ARMS-HRMA methodology stands out for its simplicity and reduced time to result when compared to both SS and ddPCR but showing high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of mutations in tumor and plasma samples. In fact, ARMS-HRMA scored 3 more mutations compared to SS (tumor samples T6, T7, and T12) and one more compared to ddPCR (tumor sample T7) in DNA extracted from tumors. For ctDNA from plasma samples, insufficient genetic material prevented the screening of all samples. Still, ARMS-HRMA allowed for scoring more mutations in comparison to SS and 1 more mutation in comparison to ddPCR (plasma sample P7). We propose that ARMS-HRMA might be used as a sensitive, specific, and simple method for the screening of low-level mutations in liquid biopsies, suitable for improving diagnosis and prognosis schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involvement with school bullying can be related to the broad developmental context of the individual, including the family. This systematic review aimed to identify the national and international scientific production between 2015 and 2019 on the relationship between family context and involvement with school bullying. The articles were collected in the LILACS, PubMed, PsycINFO and ERIC databases using the descriptors "bullying AND family" in Portuguese, English and Spanish. 48 empirical articles were selected for analysis. They were presented focusing on the relationship between family and bullying and classified as protective or risk factors for students. The results were subjected to thematic analysis, based on bioecological systemic theory. It was identified that the family context has been associated with involvement in situations of school bullying, as a protective factor, but mainly as a risk for the practice or victimization by bullying. This review helps in the interpretation of this relationship, indicating gaps and possibilities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to conduct a scoping review on researches which investigated the relationship between Theory of Mind (ToM) and school bullying in seven databases in the areas of health/psychology (PubMed, PsycInfo, and Lilacs), education (Eric), and interdisciplinary (SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus). Of the 270 results initially identified, 14 were eligible for review and analyzed regarding their main results, the measures in ToM used, and variables related to the classification of bullying. It was found that most studies reported a direct (relationships that tend to be statistically significant) and/or indirect (mediated by other variables) relationship between the roles of the students involved and types of bullying and the performance in tasks of ToM. However, a critical discussion regarding the assessment measures in ToM was carried out pointing to the need for clarification in the type of assessment and updating of tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Aluminophosphosilicate hybrid materials obtained by sol-gel methodology. • Solid-state NMR gives insight into the structural evolution of the materials. • The heat treatment promoted the formation of a SiO 2 tetrahedra network. • Sol-gel route provides a novel way to fabricate new homogeneous materials. Aluminophosphosilicate materials of composition (mol.%) xSiO 2 [(Al 2 O 3) 50 –(P 2 O 5) 50 ] 100-x were prepared through sol-gel method and heat-treated yielding non-crystalline materials. The structural evolution from the hybrid to heat-treated material as a function of the SiO 2 content was studied by 13C, 29Si, 31P and 27Al solid-state NMR, infrared spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). NMR analyses showed the AlPO 4 formation in the matrix and heterocondensation, forming Al-O-P and P-O-Si linkages. The heat treatment promoted the formation of a more interconnected SiO 2 tetrahedra network as the SiO 2 content increased. Similar to the hybrid materials, the increase of SiO 2 content induces the replacement of P-O-Al(IV) bonds by Si-O-Al(IV) bonds in the heat-treated materials as confirmed by 27Al NMR and 27Al{31P} REDOR data, which was also supported by Raman analysis. This sol-gel route provides a novel way to fabricate new homogeneous materials, which can be doped with rare earths and applied to new optical devices. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to analyze the importance of cultural heritage as a way of preserving the identity of a community, with a focus on artisanal cheese production in the state of Minas Gerais. In this context, it is pertinent to question whether the formal recognition of this heritage led to legislative changes that preserve and expand the possibility of traditional food production. As a hypothesis, it arises that the cultural aspect, despite being an important landmark to support the evolution of regulations, is not the only decisive element, given the existence of economic interests. For this, it uses the legal-theoretical methodology, as well as deductive reasoning and transdisciplinary bibliographic research addressing reflections that pervade Environmental and Constitutional Law, with an interface in anthropology, in addition to analysis in the legislative field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of follicle development during pregnancy under experimental conditions could be a key factor to understanding maternal ovarian activity. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of maternal protein restriction before and during pregnancy on folliculogenesis. Swiss outbred female mice were allocated to either a control (CC; 20% protein) or treated (TT; 8%protein) group. Pregnant females were killed either on Gestational day (GD) 7.5 or GD17.5 and the ovaries were evaluated using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical methods. TT females showed higher feed and energy intakes, but lower bodyweight gain at GD17.5 (P<0.05). They also had lower number of secondary follicles at GD7.5 and a higher proportion of primordial follicles at GD17.5 (P<0.05). In addition, the areas of the secondary follicles and their granulosa layer were smaller in the TT group on GD7.5, whereas the areas of the oocyte and granulosa layer from atretic follicles were larger (P<0.05). Notwithstanding the slight increase in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor expression on GD7.5 in the TT group, there was a marked reduction in IGF1 expression detected in secondary follicles on GD17.5 (P<0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that protein restriction during pregnancy negatively affects follicle quality by reducing the size and activation capacity, which is more severe in late pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to analyze, if the decision to change the banks present significant differences between women and men. For the purpose, a general survey distributed to 209 people was used, inspired by the one conducted by the University of Michigan on the consumer confidence index. As explanatory variables, the following are determined: the current banking situation, the current financial situation, the degree of profitability of banking products, the retrospective banking situation and the prospective banking situation. The study methodology used is based on an econometric model estimated logit model from the surveys collected. The main conclusion is that there are significant differences between women and men in the decision to change or remain in their bank being the most conservative and risk-averse women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To know the perception of patients and family members about the multiprofessional guidance group for kidney transplant patients. Method: this is a qualitative study carried out at a university hospital in southern Brazil from February to May of 2019. The information was collected by the researchers through a structured interview with the participants of the multiprofessional guidance group. The content analysis technique was performed. Results: 15 kidney transplant patients and four family members participated. The analysis of the testimonies resulted in three categories: "Motivation to participate in the group", "I am a kidney transplanted, what now?" and "Understanding the guidelines: the impact on selfcare". The group guidelines were considered objective, clear and relevant to recovery. Final considerations: to participate in the group allowed for closer family/professional ties, personal growth, greater knowledge about kidney transplantation, behavior change and commitment to self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research addresses the manifestations carried out by rural socioterritorial movements in urban centers, considered as important fight strategies for the creation and/or maintenance of peasant territories. The manifestations that took place in the municipalities of Uberaba and Uberlândia (MG) in the period 2000-2018 were included. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used, focusing on the second. We obtained data on the number of manifestations, the most recurrent types, the most active claims and socio-territorial movements. We understand the relationship of the municipalities with the agrarian elites, as well as the consequences of this relationship in the struggle and political articulation of the movements. The demonstrations are actions that demand rights and better living conditions in the countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teduglutide is an enterotrophic analogue of glucagon-like peptide-2, with an indirect and poorly understood mechanism of action, approved for the rehabilitation of short-bowel syndrome. This study aims to analyze the response of tissue growth factors to surgical injury and teduglutide administration on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis.Methods: Wistar rats (n = 59) were distributed into four groups: "ileal resection" or "laparotomy", each one subdivided into "postoperative teduglutide administration" or "no treatment"; and sacrificed at the third or the seventh day, with ileal sample harvesting. Gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), vascular endothelial growth factor a (Vegfa), transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfβ1), connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2), fibroblast growth factor 7 (Fgf7), epidermal growth factor (Egf), heparin-binding epidermal-like growth factor (Hbegf), platelet-derived growth factor b (Pdgfb) and glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (Glp2r)was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Upregulation of Fgf7, Fgf2, Egf, Vegfaand Glp2rat the third day and of Pdgfat the seventh day was verified in the perianastomotic segment. Teduglutide administration was associated with higher fold-change of relative gene expression of Vegfa(3.6 ± 1.3 vs.1.9 ± 2.0, p = 0.0001), Hbegf(2.2 ± 2.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.001), Igf1(1.6 ± 7.6 vs. 0.9 ± 0.7, p = 0.002) and Ctgf(1.1 ± 2.1 vs. 0.6 ± 2.0, p = 0.013); and lower fold-change of Tgfβ1, Fgf7and Glp2r.Conclusions: Those results underscore the recognized role of Igf1and Hbegfas molecular mediators of the effects of teduglutide and suggest that other humoral factors, like Vegfand Ctgf, may also be relevant in the perioperative context. Induction of Vegfa, Igf1and Ctgfgene expressions might indicate a favorable influence of teduglutide on the intestinal anastomotic healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glutamine depletion is common in the critically-ill patients. Glutaminemia lower than 420 μmol/l has been considered as an independent predictive factor of mortality, but the indications for exogenous glutamine supplementation remain controversial. This study intends to determine the glutaminemia profile in critical surgical patients and to investigate its correlation with the severity indexes and the prognosis.Methods: A prospective study of 28 adult critical surgical patients was performed. Plasma amino acid concentrations were quantified, by ion exchange chromatography, at the moment of admission and at the first and third days, and compared with those of 11 reference healthy individuals. Severity indexes and parameters of prognosis were registered.Results: In critical surgical patients, mean glutaminemia at admission was lower than that of control individuals (385.1 ± 123.1 versus515 ± 57.9 μmol/l, p = 0.002) and decreased until the third day (p = 0.042). Prevalence of severe hypoglutaminemia (< 420 μmol/l) at admission was 64.3%. Baseline glutaminemia correlated with the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II score) (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = -39.4%, p = 0.042), and it was lower in cases of erythrocytes transfusion (339.9 ± 78.8 versus 454.9 ± 148.8 μmol/l, p = 0.013). Glutaminemia at the third day correlated with the duration of invasive ventilation support (r = -65%, p = 0 .012) and ICU stay (r = -66.5%, p = 0.009). Glutaminemia below 320 μmol/l, observed in 25% of the patients, was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (42.9 versus19%, statistically not significant [n.s.]) and lower actuarial survival (212.1 ± 77.9 versus 262.3 ± 32.4 days, n.s.).Conclusions: Those results underscore the relevance of hypoglutaminemia as an adverse predictive factor in the critical surgical patients. Determination of glutaminemia may contribute to a better definition of the indications for glutamine supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Small-bowel dysfunction exerts a relevant prognostic impact in the critically ill patients. Citrullinemia has been used in the evaluation of the intestinal function and it is considered an objective parameter of the functional enterocyte mass. Present study proposes to determine the intestinal dysfunction prevalence and the citrullinemia kinetic profile in severe trauma patients and to investigate its correlation with severity indicators and clinical outcome.Methods: A prospective study including 23 critical trauma patients was performed. Aminoacidemias were quantified, by ion exchange chromatography, at the admission and at the first and third days. Severity and outcome parameters were registered.Results: In severe trauma patients, severe hypocitrullinemia (< 20 μmol/L) prevalence at admission was high (69.6%) and mean citrullinemia was low (19.5 ± 11.1 μmol/L). Baseline citrullinemia was inversely and significantly correlated with shock index (r = -55.1%, p = 0.008) and extent of invasive ventilation support (r = -42.7%, p = 0.042). Citrullinemia < 13.7 μmol/L at admission, observed in 17.4% of patients, was associated with higher shock index (1.27 ± 0.10 versus 0.75 ± 0.18, p = 0.0001) and longer duration of invasive ventilation support (20.3 ± 7 versus 11.2 ± 7.1 days, p = 0.029) and intensive care unit stay (22 ± 5.9 versus 12.2 ± 8.8 days, p = 0.048). A citrullinemia decrease in the first day after admittance superior to 12.7% constituted a significant predictive factor of in-hospital mortality (75 versus 14.3%, p = 0.044; odds ratio = 7.8; accuracy = 65.2%; specificity = 92.3%; negative predictive value = 85.7%] and lower actuarial survival (69.8 ± 41.6 versus 278.1 ± 37.4 days, p = 0.034).Conclusions: Those results confirm the high prevalence and the prognostic relevance of hypocitrullinemia, considered a biomarker of enterocyte dysfunction, in severe trauma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The mixed cation diphosphate of composition NH 4 FeP 2 O 7 has been prepared by heating of adequate mixtures of NH 4 (H 2 PO 4) and Fe(NO 3) 3 ⋅9H 2 O in concentrated phosphoric acid, and characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry. Its infrared and Raman spectra were recorded and briefly analyzed on the basis of the structural peculiarities of the P 2 O 7 4− anion and the NH 4 + cation, which is demonstrated, do not rotate freely in the lattice. Its 57Fe- Mössbauer spectrum shows that the typical high-spin FeIIIO 6 octahedra present in the compound exhibit almost no distortion. Graphical abstract Image 109559 Highlights • NH4FeP2O7 was prepared by heating of NH4(H2PO4)/Fe(NO3)3⋅9H2O mixtures in 85% H3PO4. • FTIR and Raman spectra were analyzed on the basis of its structural peculiarities. • It is demonstrated that the NH4+ cation does not rotate freely in the lattice. • Mössbauer spectra show that the FeIIIO6 octahedra are very little distorted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies suggest that intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESC), critical drivers of homeostasis and regeneration, include two subpopulations: crypt-based columnar and “position +4” stem cells, identified by Lgr5 and Bmi1 biomarkers, respectively. Teduglutide is an enterotrophic counterpart of glucagon-like peptide 2. This study aimed to investigate the response of putative IESC to surgical injury and teduglutide administration on an animal model of intestinal resection and anastomosis. Methods: Wistar rats (n = 59) were distributed into four groups: “Ileal Resection” versus “Laparotomy”, subsequently subdivided into “Postoperative Teduglutide Administration” versus “No Treatment”; and sacrificed at third or seventh days, with ileal sample harvesting. Flow cytometry was used to analyze epithelial stem cells with monoclonal antibodies against Lgr5, Bmi1 and also CD44, CD24, CD166, and Grp78 surface markers. Results: Surgical trauma induced an increase of epithelial stem cells population at third day (9.0 ± 0.3 versus 5.7 ± 0.3%, p = 0.0001), which was more intense and involved all subpopulations after ileal resection. At seventh day, teduglutide was significantly associated with higher proportion of Lgr5+/Bmi1− cells (5.8 ± 0.1 versus 2.9 ± 0.3%, p = 0.005) and, on the contrary, lower percentage of Lgr5−/Bmi1+ cells (0.03 ± 0.01 versus 1.9 ± 0.1%, p = 0.049) after ileal resection; and higher proportion of Lgr5+/Bmi1+ cells (1.7 ± 0.1 versus 1.1 ± 0.2%, p = 0.028) after isolated laparotomy. After surgery, Lgr5+/Bmi1− and Lgr5−/Bmi1+ subpopulations demonstrated an inverse correlation and both correlated negatively with Grp78 labeling index. Lgr5−/Bmi1+ and CD44+/CD24low/CD166+/Grp78+ cells proportions exhibited a high grade positive correlation. Conclusion: Those observations support the existence of two epithelial stem cells subpopulations with distinct behavior after surgical injury and teduglutide treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Teduglutide is an enterotrophic analog of glucagon-like peptide 2 approved for the rehabilitation of short-bowel syndrome. This study aims to analyze the effects of teduglutide administration on the gene regulation of fibrogenesis during the intestinal anastomotic healing on an animal model. Methods Wistar rats ( n = 62) were assigned into four groups: “Ileal Resection and Anastomosis” or “Laparotomy,” each one subdivided into “Postoperative Teduglutide Administration” or “No Treatment,” and sacrificed at the third or at the seventh days, with ileal sample harvesting. Gene expression of matrix components and remodeling factors (matrix metalloproteinases [ Mmp ] and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [ Timp ]) and growth factors was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Net collagen deposition was assessed through the Collagen -to -Mmp -to- Timp ratio of fold change of relative gene expression. Results Gene expression profiles revealed a balance toward net degradation of collagen at the third day of the intestinal anastomotic healing. Teduglutide appeared to be associated with an overall accumulation of collagen at the third day of the anastomotic repair, attributable to the upregulation of Collagen type 1 alpha 1, Collagen type 3 alpha 1, and Collagen type 4 alpha 1, Timp1, and Timp2 and downregulation of Mmp13 and to a net degradation of collagen at the seventh day, derived from repression of Collagen type 3 alpha 1, Collagen type 5 alpha 1 and Timp1 expression. Conclusions Teduglutide appeared to be associated with a favorable influence on fibrogenesis at the third day of the intestinal anastomotic repair and to a trend to fibrolysis at the seventh day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the expansion of anthropogenic activities, the Amazon Rain Forest has suffered sweep changes. After the removing of vegetation, there is an abandonment of the ecosystems, allowing a natural resilience. In order to accelerating this process, it is performed the planting of several native species, to promote the nutrient cycling with the deposition of litter fall. Therefore, the objective of this research is to compare the dry mass deposition and the chemical properties in a successional forest ecosystem (FSU) and in Virola surinamensis Rol. (Ward.) (VSU) ecosystem. The experiment was conducted in the coastal tableland of lower in eastern Amazon, and the litter samples taken every two weeks for three years. The study showed that the FSU forest floor were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the VSU in the stock of litter. The results of forest floor accumulation was 7.94 Mg ha-1 yr-1 and 6.30 Mg ha-1 yr-1 to FSU and VSU, respectively. About chemical properties of litter, K and Mn concentration and content were higher than VSU. To Ca and Mg the concentration was superior in VSU, but the content was not different to two ecosystems. The content and concentration of Fe in FSU, were smaller, and to the same variables, Cu and Zn were not different in the forest and in the monoculture. The deposition of litter and great of elements content showed higher values to successional forest ecosystem because of structural and floristic diversity of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to identify, describe and analyze the national scientific and technical publications to be carried on carbon fixation in Amazon Agroforestry Systems (AFS). We performed a list of online databases literature review of the most significant portal for digital collections of electronic papers that deal with the subject, posts between 1998 and 2012. It follows that there are few studies on AFS considering the carbon fixation and studies presented on Amazon rainforest plants. Therefore, also has been found few meaningful differences focused on Methodology in recent assessment articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new acesulfamate salt, TlC4H4NO4S, was prepared by reaction of acesulfamic acid and thallium(I) carbonate in aqueous solution. Its crystal and molecular structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The substance crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a, with unit cell parameters a = 7.5844(4) Å, b = 9.7268(5) Å, c = 10.8105(5) Å, β = 105.174(6)°, and Z = 4 molecules per unit cell, and is isostructural with the corresponding sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium salts. The FTIR and Raman spectra of the compound are also recorded and briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previously, we demonstrated that unlike subcutaneous or intramuscular vaccination, intranasal vaccination of BALB/c mice with whole Leishmania amazonensis antigens leads to protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Here, the role of parasite serine proteases in the protective immunity was investigated. Findings: Serine Proteases were partially purified from both soluble (LaSP-Sol) and extracellular (LaSP-Ex) Leishmania amazonensis promastigote extracts by aprotinin-agarose chromatography. BALB/c mice were intranasally immunized with LaSP-Sol and LaSP-Ex prior to infection with L. amazonensis. LaSP-Ex but not LaSP-Sol vaccination led to significantly smaller lesions and parasite burdens as compared with non-vaccinated controls. Protection was accompanied by systemic Th1 polarization with increased IFN-ã and decreased IL-4 and IL-10 splenic production. Likewise, increased production of IFN-ã, IL-12 and IL-4 concomitant with decreased TGF-â and TNF-á was locally observed in the infected footpad. Conclusion: This study indicates that extracellular serine proteases of L. amazonensis are strong candidates for a more defined intranasal vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Citrullinemia is been reported as a quantitative parameter of the enterocyte mass and function. Aim: The objective of this research is to analyse the value of fasting and stimulated citrullinemias in the intestinal function evaluation. Methods: A case-control study was undertaken, including 11 patients with short bowel syndrome, 13 patients submitted to malabsorptive bariatric surgery and 11 healthy controls. Plasma levels of amino acids were determined, before and after a stimulation test with oral L-glutamine, by ion exchange chromatography. Results: Citrullinemia was inferior in short bowel patients (28,6 ± 11,3 versus 35,5 ± 11 in operated obese versus 32,2 ± 6,6 pmol/L in controls; n.s.) and lower than 25,5 μmol/L in 54,5% of them (versus 16,7%;p = 0,041 accuracy = 74 %; odds ratio = 3, 95 % CI 1,2-7,6). ΔCitrullihemia80 (relative variation of citrullinemia at the 80th minute of test) was lower in short bowel patients; its diagnostic accuracy was similar to baseline citrullinemia and also not significant. ΔCitrullinemia80 revealed a high predictive capacity of a short bowel inferior or equal to 50 cm (auR.O.C. = 82,3%; 95%CI 61,7-102,8;p = 0,038). Conclusions: In short bowel syndrome context, citrullihernia stimulation test with oral L-glutamine is feasible and it may improve the predictive capacity of severity. Further investigation is required to determine its clinical relevance and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease, caused by the protist parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), is a major health concern in Latin America. In the search for new bioactive compounds, eight Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of thiosemicarbazones derived from 1-indanones (HL) were evaluated as potential anti-T. cruzi compounds. Their unspecific cytotoxicity was determined on human erythrocytes. Two physicochemical features, lipophilicity and redox behavior, that could be potentially relevant for the biological activity of these complexes, were determined. Crystal structure of [Pd(HL1)(L1)]Cl·CH3OH, where HL1 =1-indanone thiosemicarbazone, was solved by X-ray diffraction methods. Five of the eight metal complexes showed activity against T. cruzi with IC50 values in the low micromolar range and showed significantly higher activity than the corresponding free ligands. Four of them resulted more active against the parasite than the reference antitrypanosomal drug Nifurtimox. Anti-T. cruzi activity and selectivity towards the parasite were both higher for the Pd(II) compounds than for the Pt(II) analogues, showing the effect of the metal center selection on the biological behavior. Among both physicochemical features tested for this series of compounds, lipophilicity and redox behavior, only the former seemed to show correlation with the antiproliferative effects observed. Metal coordination improved bioactivity but lead to an increase of mammalian cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, some of the metal complexes tested in this work still show suitable selectivity indexes and deserve further developments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of a Cu(II) complex of ornithine of composition [Cu(l-ornithinato)2Cl2]·2H2O were recorded and analyzed in relation to its structural peculiarities and by comparison with the spectra of ornithine hydrochloride and of other bis(amino acid) complexes of Cu(II). The electronic spectrum of the complex is also briefly discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Oxovanadium(IV) and oxovanadium(V) complexes of tropolone (Htrp, 2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one), of stoichiometry VO(trp)2 and VO(trp)2Cl, were characterized by electronic, infrared, and Raman spectroscopies. Their electrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltamperommetry in dimethylsulfoxide solutions. The magnetic susceptibility of VO(trp)2 was investigated between 2 and 300 K. The vibrational spectra of the related Co(trp)2, Cu(trp)2, and Zn(trp)2 complexes were also analyzed for comparative purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The structural, spectroscopic and theoretical study of cyclocreatine (1-carboxymethyl-2-iminoimidazolidine, CyCre) has been performed prompted by the biological relevance of the molecule and its potential role as a ligand in biometalic compounds. The crystal structure of CyCre has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The compound crystallizes as a zwitterion in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c. The crystal is further stabilized by a network of N–H⋯O bonds. Infrared and Raman spectra of the solid, electronic spectra of aqueous solutions at different pH values and 1H and 13C NMR spectra have been recorded and analyzed. Band assignments were accomplished with the help of theoretical calculations. Optimized molecular geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies and molecular electrostatic potentials were calculated using methods based on the density functional theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Recent studies have suggested that the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) may represent a promising alternative to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification as a predictive factor of operative mortality and morbidity. This study was designed to evaluate the value of MELD and four MELD-based indices (iMELD: integrated MELD; MESO: MELD to sodium ratio; MELD-Na: MELD with incorporation of sodium; MELD-XI: MELD excluding the International Normalized Ratio) in the quantification of surgical risk for patients with cirrhosis and compare its prognostic value with the Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification and two derived scores (proposed by Huo and Giannini, respectively). A retrospective study of 190 patients with cirrhosis, operated on in our department between 1993 and 2008, was undertaken. Forty-three percent of patients were included in Child-Turcotte-Pugh A class, and their mean MELD score was 12.2 ± 4.9 (range, 6.4–35.2). Mortality and morbidity rates were 13% and 24%, respectively. In global analysis of mortality, MELD-based indices presented an acceptable prognostic performance (auROC = 71–77%), similar to the three analyzed Child-Turcotte-Pugh-derived scores. iMELD demonstrated the highest prognostic capacity (auROC = 77%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 66–88; p = 0.0001); operative death probability was 4% (95% CI, 3.6–4.4) when the score was inferior to 35, 16.1% (95% CI, 14.4–17.9) between 35 and 45, and 50.1% (95% CI, 42.2–58.1) when superior to 45. In elective surgical procedures, iMELD represented a useful prognostic factor of operative mortality (auROC = 80%; 95% CI, 63–97; p = 0.044) with significant correlation and better accuracy then MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh-derived indices. In this study, iMELD was a useful predictive parameter of operative mortality for patients with cirrhosis submitted to elective procedures. Further studies are necessary to define the relevance of MELD-based indices in the individual surgical risk evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Molecular dynamics simulations and density functional calculations are carried out to investigate the conformational space and electronic, magnetic and vibrational properties of vanillic acid. Results indicate that vanillic acid presents four stable conformers, but two of them lie very high in energy to make important contributions to properties at room temperature. 1H and 13C chemical shifts, acidity constants and electronic transition energies are calculated for the lower-energy conformers and compared with experimental data when available. Harmonic vibrational frequencies are also calculated for three different dimers of vanillic acid and compared with experimental IR spectrum. Both the electronic and IR spectra are recorded and completely assigned with the help of theoretical results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The novel complex, C(NH2)3[VO2(dipic)]·2H2O (1), and its analogous, NH4[VO2(dipic)] (2), were synthesized and characterized in the solid state by means of FT-Raman and FT-infrared spectroscopies. Their crystal and molecular structures were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The optimized geometry of the [VO2(dipic)]− anion and its corresponding harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated using methods of the density functional theory. The [VO2(dipic)]− anion in both salts show a similar penta-coordinated environment. The planar dipic2− ligand coordinates to the moiety through one oxygen of each carboxylate and the nitrogen atom. Slight but significant differences between the bonding structures in both compounds were observed. The crystal structures are stabilized by hydrogen bridging interactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Examines how information collected from various identification and/or credit/debit cards is used to create profiles of individuals that can be used and manipulated by the authorities and businesses in the U.S. Overview of the automatic identification and data capture industry and technologies; Information on the practice of driver's license swiping in the country; Background on the most questionable use of commercially maintained data by the government sector in recent years.

Examines the efforts of the federal government in the creation of policies for scientific research in the U.S. Investigation of the collective critical art ensemble (CAE) of college teacher Steven Kurtz; Details of the case; Visibility of the CAE to the public.

The complex [ReO(Me 4 tu) 4 ] 3+ , with Me 4 tu = tetramethylthiourea, is characterized in nonaqueous media. Its structure is studied in acetonitrile solution by 1 H and 13 C NMR and its electrochemical behavior in the same solvent is analyzed by means of cyclic voltamperometric measurements. Heteronuclear correlation and variable temperature NMR experiments suggest that the complex ion shows a similar structure in solution and in the solid state. At low temperatures (below 0°C) free rotation of the dimethylamine groups around the thiocarbonyl carbon-nitrogen bond is restricted and the dissolved complex adopts the rigid structure observed in the solid state. Cyclic voltamperometric results suggest that the redox behavior of this compound can be explained through an E r C i E r mechanism (a chemical reaction coupled between two electron-transfer reactions). An initial one electron reduction of the complex from Re(V) to Re(IV) followed by an irreversible chemical reaction, leads to a new electroactive species of Re(IV)*, which is reduced to Re(III). The ability of [ReO(Me 4 tu) 4 ](PF 6 ) 3 to serve as a precursor for other Re(V) complexes by ligand substitution is established, in acetone solution, with different kinds of incoming ligands: diethyldithiocarbamate (Et 2 dtc), ethylenediamine (en) and pyridine (py). The previously known complexes $ [{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} _2^{\rm V} {\rm O}_3 ({\rm Et}_2 {\rm dtc})_4 ] $ , [Re V O 2 (en) 2 ](PF 6 ) and [Re V O 2 (py) 4 ](PF 6 ) are easily synthesized under mild conditions with high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a rare malignant proliferative disease of the hematopoietic system, whose molecular hallmark is the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The Ph chromosome originates an aberrant fusion gene with abnormal kinase activity, leading to the buildup of reactive oxygen species and genetic instability of relevance in disease progression. Several genetic abnormalities have been correlated with CML in the blast phase, including chromosomal aberrations and common altered genes. Some of these genes are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis and proliferation, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor protein p53 (TP53), or Schmidt-Ruppin A-2 proto-oncogene (SRC); cell adhesion, e.g., catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1); or genes associated to TGF-β, such as SKI like proto-oncogene (SKIL), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) or transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2); and TNF-α pathways, such as Tumor necrosis factor (TNFA) or Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1). The involvement of miRNAs in CML is also gaining momentum, where dysregulation of some critical miRNAs, such as miRNA-451 and miRNA-21, which have been associated to the molecular modulation of pathogenesis, progression of disease states, and response to therapeutics. In this review, the most relevant genomic alterations found in CML will be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High levels of abdominal adiposity mean higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Aerobic exercise per si reduces the risk of developing this type of diseases. Radiofrequency and shockwave therapy showed to be effective in the reduction of localized abdominal fat. Aim (s): To compare the effects of prescribed moderate aerobic exercise associated with 6 sessions of shockwave therapy or radiofrequency, in the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, in overweight female individuals in fertile age. Methods: Randomized clinical trial, with 30 volunteers in fertile age with overweight and/or obese, randomly and equitably allocated in two experimental groups (1—shockwave therapy and 2—radiofrequency) and one control group. Aerobic physical exercise was prescribed to all groups. The values of anthropometric measurements were measured in two moments. The intervention protocol was performed in a clinic for six weeks, with one session per week. The ANOVA test, paired samples t test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the results, for a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of 28 participants completed the study. There were significant differences in waist circumference reduction between the experimental group 1 and 2 when compared to the control group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.014, respectively). There was a statistically significant reduction in navel level circumference in experimental group 1 when compared to experimental group 2 (p = 0.024) and with the control group (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Both resources were effective in reducing abdominal measurements when compared to the control group. However, SWT was superior in reducing the navel level circumference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of [Zn(maltolato)2]⋅2.5H2O were recorded. [•] The unit cell contains two differently coordinated Zn(II) complexes. [•] Spectra were discussed on the basis of the known crystal structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the oxovanadium(IV) complex of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone (maltol) bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) were recorded and briefly discussed by comparison with the spectra of uncoordinated maltol and with some related species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This research aimed to develop juçara and passion fruit flavored gelatin confections with Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086. The jelly candies were evaluated during 90 days of shelf life for the physico-chemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, microbiological characteristics, probiotic viability, the resistance of the strain to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) simulated in vitro as well as sensory acceptance. The candies maintained of physical chemical characteristics without modification over time (P > 0.05) and they were safe for consumption according to Brazilian legislation. B. coagulans maintained counts greater than 6.4 Log CFU/g over 90 days. In the in vitro GIT test, there was 6.82 Log CFU/g in enteral phase II. Consuming of 30 g portion of the candies give about 7.82 Log CFU/g of the probiotic, promoting benefits to consumers. The elaborated candies presented excellent acceptability. The results suggest that the juçara and passion fruit jelly candies represent an excellent carrier of B. coagulans. The addition of juçara and passion fruit pulps is industrially viable as a substitute of artificial dyes, being a source of bioactive compounds and it has potential in the candies market due to the health benefits. • The juçara and passion fruit pulp acted like a natural additive, a source of flavor and colorant. • The jelly candies present an excellent carrier of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086. • Portion of 30 g of candies offers approximately 7.82 Log CFU/g of the probiotic microorganism. • The candies are sensory promising and they have a functional appeal. • The product has a positive impact on the confectionery industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been investigated over the years due to its short and also long-term effects on cortical excitability and neuroplasticity. Although its mechanisms to improve motor function are not fully understood, this technique has been suggested as an alternative therapeutic method for motor rehabilitation, especially those with motor function deficits. When applied to the primary motor cortex, tDCS has shown to improve motor function in healthy individuals, as well as in patients with neurological disorders. Based on its potential effects on motor recovery, identifying optimal targets for tDCS stimulation is essential to improve knowledge regarding neuromodulation as well as to advance the use of tDCS in clinical motor rehabilitation.Methods and Results: Therefore, this review discusses the existing evidence on the application of four different tDCS montages to promote and enhance motor rehabilitation: (1) anodal ipsilesional and cathodal contralesional primary motor cortex tDCS, (2) combination of central tDCS and peripheral electrical stimulation, (3) prefrontal tDCS montage and (4) cerebellar tDCS stimulation. Although there is a significant amount of data testing primary motor cortex tDCS for motor recovery, other targets and strategies have not been sufficiently tested. This review then presents the potential mechanisms and available evidence of these other tDCS strategies to promote motor recovery.Conclusions: In spite of the large amount of data showing that tDCS is a promising adjuvant tool for motor rehabilitation, the diversity of parameters, associated with different characteristics of the clinical populations, has generated studies with heterogeneous methodologies and controversial results. The ideal montage for motor rehabilitation should be based on a patient-tailored approach that takes into account aspects related to the safety of the technique and the quality of the available evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal ions and metal complexes are important components of nucleic acid biochemistry, participating both in regulation of gene expression and as therapeutic agents. Three new transition metal complexes of copper(II), zinc(II) and oxidovanadium(IV) with a ligand derived from o-vanillin and thiophene were previously synthesized and their antitumor properties were studied in our laboratory. To elucidate some molecular mechanisms tending to explain the cytotoxic effects observed over tumor cells, we investigated the interaction of these complexes with DNA by gel electrophoresis, UV–Vis spectroscopy, docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations. Our spectroscopy and computational results have shown that all of them were able to bind to DNA, Cu(II) complex is located in the minor groove while Zn(II) and oxidovanadium(IV) complexes act as major groove binding molecules. Interestingly, only the Cu(II) complex caused double-strand DNA nicks, consistent with its higher cytotoxic activities previously observed in tumor cell lines. We propose that the DNA-complex interaction destabilize the molecule either disrupting the phosphodiester bonds or impairing DNA replication, giving those complexes strong antitumor potential. [Display omitted] • Cu(II), Zn(II) and VO(IV) complexes with Schiff base interact with double strand DNA. • Docking studies predict different site of interaction. • The interaction sites depend on its structural and electronic properties. • Intercalating ability correlates with its different antitumor activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]