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Introduction: The success of any dental treatment fundamentally predicated on completing procedures with minimal discomfort and optimal patient cooperation. However, achieving this goal becomes particularly challenging in paediatric patients, whose behaviour is often influenced by a myriad of factors, including fear, anxiety and the unfamiliarity of the dental environment. While non pharmacological behaviour guidance techniques play a pivotal role in managing such challenges, there are instances where they prove insufficient, necessitating the utilisation of pharmacological behaviour management strategies such as Conscious Sedation (CS). Aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation (NOIS) utilising two distinctive gas dissemination systems, the Matrx Porter and the Consed machines, in paediatric patients undergoing pulp therapy. The focus is on assessing patient behaviour, pain perception, and sedation outcomes. Materials and Methods: This non-randomised, split-mouth, crossover clinical trial conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry at Saveetha Dental College and Hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from June 2022 to August 2022 employed 80 healthy but anxious children, aged 4 to 8 years, who required multiple treatments involving local anaesthetic administration across two consecutive appointments. Informed consent was acquired from their parents to perform a procedure under NOIS. The participants were sedated using the Consed machine (Group-A) during the first visit and the Matrx machine (Group-B) during the subsequent visit. Differences in pain were measured using the Modified Wong Baker's pain rating scale, and sedation was assessed using the Ramsay sedation scale during local anaesthetic administration, behaviour using Frankl's behaviour rating scale was assessed before the start of treatment and during local anaesthetic administration. Statistical analysis, performed with the Mann-Whitney test, evaluated pain, behaviour, and sedation levels in children undergoing dental treatment with two distinct gas distribution systems. Results: The mean age of the children included in the present study was 7.3±1.212 years. The study found significant differences in behaviour scores between the two groups at two time points: during local anaesthetic administration (p=0.039) and after completion of treatment (p=0.048). Specifically, during local anaesthetic administration, Group-B showed a higher proportion of children exhibiting improved behaviour compared to Group-A. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in pain scores during local anaesthetic administration (p=0.089) or sedation scores (p=0.074) between the Consed (Group-A) and Matrx (Group-B) machines. Conclusion: There were no observed alterations in the sedation levels of children who underwent NOIS, regardless of whether it was administered by the Consed or Matrx machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Abdominal hysterectomy is a common procedure done in hospitals. Spinal anaesthesia remains the preferred choice for abdominal hysterectomy across the world with a low failure rate. However spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension is the commonest complication. Using fluid and vasopressors to manage hypotension following spinal anaesthesia is a common clinical issue. Co-loading presents a challenge to the traditional pre-loading instructional methods of today. Determining the optimal time for fluid delivery was the aim of this study. Materials and Procedures: In this Retrospective, observational study, 75 spinal anaesthesia patients who underwent complete abdominal hysterectomy were considered. Patients were randomized to receive intravenously 20 ml/kg of crystalloid over a 20-minute period, either prior to spinal anaesthesia (Group-1) or right after (Group-2). We evaluated the incidence of hypotension with the amount of vasopressor used. Statistically analyse the results with student T-test, chi-square and P value less than 0.05 declared as statistically significant. Results: The incidence of hypotension (Group 1: 65.6%, Group 2: 12.8%) and the total amount of vasopressor doses needed were significantly different across the groups. Conclusion: In summary, there's no need to postpone surgery in order to administer a crystalloid preload. After spinal anaesthesia, crystalloid co-loading is superior to preloading in terms of blood pressure maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific community is becoming increasingly interested in the production of activated carbon (AC) using pyrolyzed biomass wastes as potential sustainable precursors. Both chemical and physical methods may have a significant impact on the chemical and physical properties of AC, making it suitable for a variety of applications such as water pollution treatment, CO2 capture, dye, and heavy metal (HM) removal, and energy storage. The properties of AC are significantly influenced by feedstock composition, pyrolysis conditions, and carbon activation parameters. In comparison to traditional AC, activated biochar appears to be a new potentially cost-effective, and environmentally friendly carbon material with a wide range of applications. Walnut is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family. Walnut Shell (WS) is extremely tough and degrades very slowly, and the multiple synthesis procedures employ the shell to prepare AC. In this review article, a detailed list of products and different applications of AC from the WS is provided. The cited results explain the optimal conditions for an adsorption process, which include pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, agitation speed, contact time, efficiency, adsorption capacity, fitting model, kinetics, and thermodynamics. In addition, it also describes the removal of a few organic compounds, and energy storage applications using parameters such as BET, different electrolytes, and specific capacitance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unsteady two immiscible MHD free convective flow of Casson liquid through a vertical channel, with a porous medium, is studied numerically in this investigation. Using a double perturbation approach, the governing flow equations are reduced to a system of connected partial differential equations, which are then solved using the 4th-order numerical Runge–Kutta method coupled with the shooting approach in Mathematica. The velocity and thermal slip conditions have been accommodated in this model. The interaction of permeability of the porous medium, energy dissipation, Joule heating, and thermal radiation are taken into consideration. The computational upshot is also described explicitly to examine the consequences of pertinent parameters. The computational results are analyzed to investigate the effects associated with pertinent parameters which include the Hartmann number of two regions, Darcy number, a ratio of Porous medium permeability, Grashof number, Radiation parameter, heat source, and Prandtl number. The characteristics of the essential regulating parameters on flow frameworks of velocity, temperature, Entropy generation, Bejan number, and heat transfer rate are analyzed correctly via plots, and skin friction and flow rate are given in tabular form. As the radiation parameter rises both velocity and temperature of the Casson fluid decreases. The rate of entropy generation falls with a rise in the magnetic field. The Bejan number escalates as it moves forward from the lower wall to the channel's center. In the later part of the channel, the Bejan number starts to drastically fall and reaches a minimum at the upper wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning solutions in big data applications can benefit cloud centres and can also lead to network communication overhead. Typically, data collected from traffic are sent to the traffic management centre for analysis. However, this process can worsen the network route to the traffic management centre. A two-tier mechanism has been developed to address this issue, which performs vehicle speed estimation and traffic congestion detection for efficient traffic management. The real-time traffic video data are captured and the video frames are initially processed through a foreground extraction process, which extracts the temporarily stopped vehicles on the road by removing background pixels from the frames. The video frames are then wrapped in an up-down view to remove the influence of the observation angle. The traffic congestion is then detected accurately based on the traffic characteristics using the proposed Ensemble Random Forest-based Gradient Optimization (ERF-GO) algorithm. The generalization error occurs when learning complex features on frames is minimized using a gradient-based optimization (GO) algorithm. Finally, the learned information on traffic conditions is forwarded to the cloud and edge computing environments based on network connection speed. The efficiency of the proposed ERF-GO is investigated in terms of performance metrics, namely root mean square error, speed detection error, execution time, computational cost, accuracy, latency, workload balance, precision, recall, f-measure, and congestion detection error rate. The analytic result displays that the proposed ERF-GO algorithm attains a greater accuracy rate of about 98.65% in detecting traffic congestion which is comparably higher than state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, $ \mathcal {H}_{\infty } $ H ∞ observer-based consensus for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with actuator saturation and input delays are estimated. A new delay-dependent region partitioning approach has been introduced in multiagent systems. The state information of the leader can be obtained by designing a distributed observer for each follower. Based on the state information of the follower and the estimated state information of the neighbouring agents, a distributed controller has been developed. With the help of a novel Lyapunov–Krasovakii functional (LKF), using a region partitioning approach combined with Wirtinger inequalities, a sufficient condition is established in terms of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). Finally, simulation examples are presented to the applicability of the proposed theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subgraph mining from a large collection of a graph database poses a crucial problem. Our proposed work introduces a Blockchain-based Triune Layered Architecture for authenticated subgraph query search in large-scale dynamic graphs. The two-fold process is handled in BTLA-LSDG: graph indexing and authenticated query search (query processing), which are implemented in triune layers (Data Generation Layer, Data Storage Layer, and Service Layer). Initially, data owners are authenticated to the blockchain using the Four-Q-Curve algorithm. The graph index is constructed by data owners and the merged graph index is constructed by service providers. Based on the uploaded graph index, the hash index is constructed using SHA-3. On the other hand, the data user submits a query with authentication. For every authenticated query, the four-fold process is handled. Firstly, Multi-Constraint-based Belief Entropy function is used for feature set computations for a given query. Then dual similarity-based MapReduce helps in mapping and reducing the relevant subgraphs with the use of optimal feature sets. Thirdly, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is used for subgraph isomorphic testing. Finally, the graph index refinement process is undertaken to improve the query results. This experiment is implemented using a Hadoop environment and the results show better efficiency in terms of Scalability, Security and Storage. Furthermore, it is tested with Precision, Recall, F-measure, Accuracy, Error Rate, Query Response Time and Positive Results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine algae are renewable living resources that are a rich source of structurally important novel and biologically active secondary metabolites. These seaweeds are economically valuable resources, used as food, fodder, fertilizer, and medicine and thus useful to mankind in many ways. In the present study, the brown alga, Sargassum wightii Greville ex J. Agardh (SW) has been analyzed for secondary metabolites using three solvent extracts (acetone, ethyl acetate and water), and were tested for growth efficacy at five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm) on the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) third instar larvae by leaf dip method. Extraction rate of S. wightii water extract was 1.3 g (F= 1399.29; df=3, 36; p=0.005); ethyl acetate extract was 0.7 g (F= 30.76; df=3, 36; p=0.005); and acetone extract was 0.4 g (F= 1399.29; df=3, 36; p=0.005). Results have shown the presence of steroids, such as tannins, phlobatannins and saponins; flavonoids, phenolic compounds and xanthoproteins in these extracts obtained by cold percolation method. The seaweed extract enhanced the growth of silkworm larvae B. mori with increased concentrations. The highest concentration (500 ppm) of water extract showed more growth rate than the control. The 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm of water extract showed maximum growth comparable to the control at 96 h of our study period. This finding envisages that secondary metabolites could be extracted with the cold percolation method and can be used for biological and agricultural lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of nanomaterials in the oil and gas industry has been widely studied in the past few years, and polymeric nano thin films have become an area of interest among researchers. In this work, multilayer nano thin films were fabricated using poly(ally lamine hydrochloride) (PAH), zinc oxide (ZnO) and poly(styrene sulphonate sodium salt) (PSS) on glass template by Layer-by-Layer (L-b-L) technique and its potential application for the photo degradation of oil refinery wastewater have been reported. The L-b-L fabrication of the thin film was carried out at an assembly pH of 8.0. The morphological characterisation and elemental composition of the fabricated thin films were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM – EDX). Chemical bond and surface functional groups were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM characterisation depicted the uniform deposition of ZnO particles in the polyelectrolyte matrix. The outcome of the FTIR analysis is justified by the presence of strong C=C bonds favouring the strength of bilayer deposition. A comparative study on the degradation efficiency was carried out using oil refinery effluents for the photo degradation of ZnO/PSS/PAH thin films and suspension form of ZnO by varying the process parameters such as number of bilayers and contact time. The ZnO/Polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films performed extremely well in reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Total Organic carbon (TOC) to the standards. A maximum COD removal efficiency of 80.1% was obtained at conditions where PAH/(PSS, ZnO)5 bilayers were used at pH 7.2 with a contact time of 120 minutes. The total organic carbon removal was around 55% under optimum conditions of pH 7.2 and PAH/(PSS, ZnO)5 at 120 minutes. This study illustrates that immobilised zinc oxide nanoparticles can effectively remove pollutants from oily wastewater and the process seems to be attractive in the environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In order to effectively treat children, managing terrified and nervous paediatric dental patients is crucial. The choice of a specific behaviour control strategy is at the operator’s discretion, but it may be influenced by parental approval. Clinically beneficial pharmacological therapies, such as Nitrous Oxide-oxygen Inhalation Sedation (NOIS), have been demonstrated. However, prolonged exposure to specific amounts of these therapies could pose health hazards for medical personnel. Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of utilising N2O inhalation sedation at a 70% concentration in a paediatric dental setting, compared to administering it at 50% and 60% concentrations. Materials and Methods: A non randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry at Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India. The duration of the study was three months, from June 2022 to August 2022. A total of 42 young patients between the ages of 4 and 10 who required mandibular pulpectomy and crown were selected. During the study, the researchers recorded each patient’s levels of sedation and cooperation at four specific time points while administering a fixed concentration of N2O. The concentrations at these time points were 50% at the 10th minute, 60% at the 20th minute, 70% at the 30th minute, and 70% at the 40th minute. The study compared the primary outcomes of sedation and cooperation levels, along with the secondary outcome of adverse effects, between the different time intervals using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc tests for pairwise comparison. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the children included in the present study was 7.4±1.324 years. At the end of 40 minutes at a 70% concentration, a deep sedation score of six was achieved by 7 (16.7%) of the patients, while none of the patients achieved this sedation level at concentrations of 50%, 60%, or 70% at the end of 30 minutes. The mean sedation score of patients at the end of 40 minutes at a 70% concentration (4.86±0.683) was higher than the sedation score of patients at the end of 30 minutes at a 70% concentration (4.36±0.656). Cooperation at a 70% concentration was better at the end of 40 minutes (5.83±0.377) than at the end of 30 minutes (5.40±0.497). At 50% and 60% concentrations, no adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Sedation at a 60% concentration was more effective than 50% in achieving satisfactory cooperation to complete dental treatment without any adverse effects. Additionally, at a 70% concentration, sedation and cooperation were higher, but adverse effects were noted, warranting caution when considering its use for extended periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shaft is the rotating component that transmits power from one place to another. The shafts are commonly subject to torsional and bending moments and combinations of these moments. In general, shafts are subjected to a combination of torsional and bending stresses. The design of a shaft is essential, subject to its strength and stress. This paper presents the reliability analysis of the shaft subjected to (a) twisting moment, (b) bending moment and (c) combined twisting and bending moment for which stress and strength follow the normal distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased usage of the internet and social networks generates a large volume of information. Exploring through the large collection is time-consuming and hard to find the required one, so there is a serious need for a recommendation system. Based on this context several movie recommendation (MR) systems have been recently established. In addition, they have poor data analytics capability and cannot handle changing user preferences. As a result, there are many movies listed on the recommendation page, which provides for a poor user experience is the major issue. Therefore, in this work, a novel Taymon Optimized Deep Learning network (TODL net) for recommending top best movies based on their past choices, behaviour and movie contents. The deep neural network is a combination of Dilated CNN with Bi-directional LSTM. The DiCNN-BiLSTM model eliminates the functionality pooling operations and uses a dilated convolution layer to address the issue of information loss. The DiCNN is employed to learn the movie contents by mining user behavioral pattern attributes. The BiLSTM is applied to recommend the best movies on basis of the extracted features of the movie rating sequences of users in other social mediums. Moreover, for providing better results the DiCNN-BiLSTM is optimized with Taymon optimization algorithm to recommend best movies for the users. The proposed TODL net obtains the overall accuracy of 97.24% for best movies recommendation by using TMDB and MovieLens datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is the most common and unpleasant complication with incidence of 30-80% after elective surgery. Dexamethasone and Ondansetron (DO) combination has superior efficacy and is recommended as an ideal choice for prevention of PONV in Middle Ear Surgery (MES). Oral Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant has been introduced as an antiemetic to fast-track bundles and enhanced recovery after surgery. Aim: To compare the efficacy of DO with gabapentin monotherapy in prevention of PONV in patients undergoing MES. Materials and Methods: This randomised, double-blind, parallel group clinical study was done at Department of Anaesthesiology, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India from November 2018 to March 2020. Sixty-six of patients were randomised to Group DO (Intravenous Dexamethasone at start and Ondansetron at end of surgery, 100 µg/kg each) and Group G (Oral Gabapentin 300 mg one hour prior to surgery). Postoperatively, incidence and severity of PONV, duration of antiemesis and analgesia, total rescue antiemetics and analgesics, along with side-effects were assessed for 24 hour period. Descriptive statistics was summarised for continuous (mean and standard deviation) and categorical (number with percentages) variables. Inferential statistics were depicted using Fisher's-exact and Student's t-test. Results: The demographic profile was comparable between the two groups. Incidence of PONV was significantly lesser in Group DO compared to the Group G (12% versus 36%, p-value=0.0129). Duration of antiemesis was four hours in Group DO and two hours in Group G was statistically significant (p-value=0.021). Severity of PONV was significant (p-value=0.033 and 0.009, respectively) at four and six hours between the groups. Duration of analgesia (6.28±5.96 in Group DO versus 5.62±3.63 hours in Group G; p-value=0.252), rescue analgesics and side-effects were comparable between the two groups (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: In MES, DO combination reduced the incidence and severity of PONV and is better prophylactic antiemetic therapy than gabapentin alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orofacial region may be the first site for the dissemination of malignancies from the remote regions in the jawbones. The most common location of metastatic lesions in the jawbones is the mandible, with the molar region the most frequently involved site. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection can be an approach in the treatment protocol depending upon patient age and growth of tumor mass. This case report presents a case of follicular variant thyroid carcinoma, infiltrative type, pT1bN0Mx with mandibular metastasis affecting both hard and soft tissue in a 55-year-old female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the technique of using low loss on-chip inductors in the design of low noise amplifier (LNA) that offers high gain and lower noise figure. Upon the substrate of octagonal spiral inductors, a surface of patterned ground shield is inserted that significantly reduces the substrate loss. This effect limits the penetration of electric filed into the substrate, thereby improving the inductor's Quality (Q) factor and decouples the substrate parasitic that results with smaller series resistance. These effects result with improved gain and noise figure of LNA at 60 GHz when the designed inductors are included in it to serve as gate, source, and load inductances. The proposed work uses an inductively degenerated 3-stage common-source LNA in a 65-nm CMOS process. Simulation results show that the LNA using custom designed inductors achieves the peak gain of 17.02 dB at 56 GHz with a noise figure of 5 dB at 60 GHz for the power consumption of 10 mW. The figure-of-merit (FOM) is 14.56 which is 0.8 times more than the LNA design using off-chip inductors. A complete LNA layout using custom designed inductor footprints has been presented and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During pregnancy, thyroid issues are common. A straightforward pregnancy and good foetal growth and development depend on the availability of thyroid hormone. A wide range of obstetric and child development outcomes are linked to overt hypothyroidism. More research is now showing a link between thyroid dysfunction, even in milder forms, and poor pregnancy outcomes. The risk of difficulties for both the mother and the foetus is reduced with adequate, early treatment and maintenance of a normal level of thyroid hormones, making it possible to carry the pregnancy to term without serious complications. Methods: The current study is a case-control investigation carried out on 100 pregnant patients of the obstetric outpatient department of the government general hospital. Kurnool. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) testing was carried out in addition to regular obstetrical examinations at the first antenatal visit. Patients were followed up till delivery after levothyroxine treatment. Results: Among cases, 46% had hypothyroidism prior to pregnancy and 44% were newly diagnosed. 32% of cases had subclinical hypothyroidism. Common adverse maternal outcomes were anemia (58%), Pregnancy induced hypertension, preterm labour, (24%), and an increased need for a caesarian section (36%). Conclusions: Overall, maternal and foetal complications were higher in patients with hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine treatment decreased the risk of maternal and foetal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India is facing high water stress and it is amongst those with the most fragile and uncertain water resource countries in the world. Crop productivity depends on quality of input supply including seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and supported by irrigation facilities. In India, ground water irrigates more than 61% of net cropped area and much of water being used for irrigating rice crop. The disproportionate water uses for crop production results in poor water productivity. The planning of water resources could be achieved by knowing the crop water requirements in different seasons and productivity of water. Hence, study was taken up to assess the water use and productivity of crops under intensively ground water irrigated watershed. Methods: A study conducted to assess the water use and productivity of different crops grown in Kothakunta sub watershed (having 206 working bore wells with cultivated area of 203.5 ha) in Siddipet district of Telangana, India during kharif and rabi season of 2008 to 2012, data were collected from 147 farmers on rice, maize, cotton, potato, flora beans and tomato crops grown under irrigation. The water applied to crops was measured by fixing water meters at the end of water delivery pipe and recorded the quantity of water applied each time. For rice crop four plots were taken and for other crops two plots were taken for measuring the water. The water use and productivity were assessed by using standard procedure. Result: The water productivity was found to be higher to vegetables, which ranged between 2.43 kg of potato, 1.57 kg of beans and 1.26 kg of tomato than cereals (0.79 kg for maize and 0.39 kg for rabi rice) per cubic meter of irrigation water consumed. Water productivity in terms of monetary return (') per cubic meter of water consumed was higher with beans ('17.20) in contrast to potato ('16.12). Rice equivalent yield (REY) calculated per cubic meter of irrigation water consumption was very similar to economic return ('per cubic meter of water). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic created one of the biggest disruptions in human life. We were all confined within the walls of our homes or offices with day-to-day life worldwide seriously affected. In this context, access to and efficient use of technology determined the course of daily life for vast sections of the world's population. However, there was (and still is) a severe pre-existing global divide between the Global North and Global South vis-à-vis digital access. This paper attempts to understand this digital divide and how it has widened during the pandemic in the Global North and Global South with reference to India and the United States (US). This is initiated by analyzing certain factors within each country, namely positional and personal categorical inequalities. Through the cases of the US and India, the authors conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the global digital divide between the two worlds, affecting core social sectors like education and health. The larger implication of this is a broadening inequality between the Global North and Global South in leading development indicators like the Human Development Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction - Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial destructive inflammatory disease of tooth supporting structures whereas; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder. CP and T2DM have an interrelationship in their pathogenesis which leads to compromised quality of life. Pharmaco-economics is the descriptive analysis of the cost of drug therapy to health care systems and society. It identifies, measures, and compares the cost and consequences of pharmaceutical products and services. It also measures the added benefit of one intervention over another whose basic components are the drug product or service, cost and outcome. The present study aims to investigate the cost effectiveness (direct and indirect cost -- cost analysis)of the nonsurgical management of chronic Periodontitis among patients with T2DM in a tertiary care hospital. Materials & Methods - This study was initiated after obtaining IEC (Institutional Ethics Committee) approval. Written informed consent was obtained from all the study participants. A total of 97 subjects with CP & T2DM attending Dental OPD in Adhiparasakthi dental college and hospital (tertiary care hospital) were included in this study. The study duration was 3 months (August 2022-- October 2022). The study subjects were personally interviewed to collect the required data and were entered in specially designed case Performa. Total mean expenditure including direct and indirect expenses incurred by the patients was tabulated and analyzed as descriptive statistics. Results - Out of 97 subjects 49% were female and 51% were male ranging from below 30 years to above 70 years. The daily wage of the study participants ranged between INR 300 to 4500 per day as per their employment. The direct cost for the initial visit of the study subjects varied from INR 387.30 to 1063.90 while the Indirect cost without an accompanying person ranges from INR 30 to 200. If the patient is accompanied by care taker added cost of INR 200 is incurred. Conclusion - It is very cost-effective to provide non surgical periodontal management of CP among T2DM patients attending tertiary care hospital as an early intervention to improve oral health status which demands long term oral health care. This study emphasizes on the benefit of cost effectiveness in planning oral health care regimen to enhance the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of alternative fuels has been promoted by the extreme fossil fuel consumption brought on by urbanisation and deteriorating pollution. Due to its high energy and combustible qualities, biohydrogen has been perceived as a potential fuel substitute in dealing with issues related to the rising emission of greenhouse gases and global warming. As a source of carbon sequestration and sustainable renewable energy, biohydrogen synthesis by algae species has been prevalent in research scale. This review focuses on the novel and recent metabolic approaches for enhanced algal based biohydrogen production. Pretreatment methods available and scaling techniques used for enhancing the biohydrogen productivity using algal species have been elaborated in the review. Algal characteristics that make them suitable alternative for biohydrogen production are discussed briefly. Various pretreatment methods such as physical, chemical, biological and thermal are elaborated. In addition, the factors involved in influencing the biohydrogen productivity and the metabolic engineering approaches for modifying the pathway in algae are highlighted. Scaling up of process using different types of photobioreactors such as tubular, flat panel, airlift and stirred tank are reported that briefs about merits and demerits of each photobioreactor. • Algal biohydrogen is considered as continuous renewable energy. • Algal characteristics, cultivation and harvesting methods are discussed. • Various pretreatment approaches for enhancing productivity are explained in detail. • Parameters that affect the rate of biohydrogen production is reviewed. • Scaling of biohydrogen production using photoreactors has been elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation on 41 genotypes of rice revealed that estimates of variability, heritability and genetic advance was high for grain yield plant-1, gel consistency, number of filled grain panicle-1,number of total grain panicle-1, alkali spreading value, number of chaffy grain panicle-1, grain size and test weight indicating the predominance of additive gene action for these traits. Mahalanobis D2 analysis grouped 41 genotypes into 8 different clusters and grain breadth contributed maximum towards divergence. Maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster III and VII followed by cluster II and III indicating, maximum genetic diversity between these clusters. Character association and pathanalysis revealed that, among yield attributing characters, number of filled grains panicle-1, number of total grain panicle-1, harvest index, test weight, number of chaffy grains panicle-1,number of panicles plant-1 and grain length had significant positive association with grain yield plant-1 and among grain quality traits, kernel length and kernel length after cooking exhibited significant association with amylose content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater contains inorganic pollutants, generated by industrial and domestic sources, such as heavy metals, antibiotics, and chemical pesticides, and these pollutants cause many environmental problems. Carbon-based nanomaterials can easily and effectively remove environmental pollutants from wastewater via adsorption and photocatalytic reactions. Nanotechnology, for example nanomaterials, nanoadsorbents, and nanomembranes, is an emerging technology that is used to treat many inorganic pollutants in wastewater. Carbon nanotubes, carbon-based quantum dots, fullerenes, graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide, nanoparticles, and nanodiamonds are examples of carbon-based nanomaterials. Graphene and its derivatives and carbon-based nanomaterials have been the main focus for the treatment and removal of industrial and organic waste from wastewater. The effects on human health and the environment are reduced by the use of carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles. In this paper, the removal of heavy metals and inorganic pollutants from wastewater using adsorption methods are summarized. The challenges, environmental effects, uses of nanomaterials and pollutant removal efficiency are explained in this review. In addition, industrial and nanotechnology applications are discussed. Further, the nanoadsorption process and the Fenton reaction are highlighted. Future perspectives to enhance the usage of carbon-based nanomaterials and increase their removal efficiencies are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Air conditioners (AC) have become indispensable in the contemporary World. However, their effects on respiratory health need to be explored further using dynamic and static lung functions. Objectives: The objectives were: 1. To evaluate and compare dynamic parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, and FEF25-75) in AC users and non-users of Bengaluru. 2. To evaluate and compare airway resistance and specific airway conductance as additional parameters. Materials and Methods: After applying ATS-ERS criteria for lung disorders, 30 AC users and non-users of Bengaluru, aged 18-40 yrs were assessed using body plethysmography. A significant association of restrictive pattern was seen in AC users (9 AC users out of 60 participants, Chi-square 8.37, P = 0.0038) having an Odd's ratio of 26.95 (CI: 1.4876 to 488.3558, Z = 2.229, P = 0.0258). Airway resistance (Raw) was comparable in both groups further indicating a non-obstructive pathology. Conclusion: AC users had a significant decrease in flow rates (PEFR and FEF25-75) as well as an association with restrictive lung disorder suggesting the need for proper ventilation and hygiene. It is crucial to develop policies to maintain indoor air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet and social networks produce an increasing amount of data. There is a serious necessity for a recommendation system because exploring through the huge collection is time-consuming and difficult. In this study, a multi-modal classifier is introduced which makes use of the output from dual deep neural networks: GRU for text analysis and Faster R-CNN for image analysis. These two networks reduce overall complexity with minimal computational time while retaining accuracy. More precisely, the GRU network is utilized to process movie reviews and the Faster RCNN is used to recognize each frames of the movie trailers. Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is a well-known variety of RNN that computes sequential data across recurrent structures. Faster RCNN is an enhanced version of Fast RCNN, it combines with the rectangular region proposals and with the features is extract by the ResNet-101. Initially, the trailer of the movie is manually splitted into frames and these frames are pre-processed using fuzzy elliptical filter for image analysis and the movie reviews are also tokenized for text analysis. The pre-processed text is taken as an input for GRU to classify offensive and non-offensive movies and the pre-processed images are taken as an input for Faster R-CNN to classify violence and non- violence movies based on the extracted features from the movie trailer. Afterwards, the four classified outputs are given as input for fuzzy decision-making unit for recommending best movies based on the Mamdani fuzzy inference system with gauss membership functions. The performance of the dual deep neural networks was evaluated using the specific parameters like specificity, precision, recall, accuracy and F1 score measures. The proposed GRU yields accuracy range of 97.73% for reviews and FRCNN yields the accuracy range of 98.42% for movie trailer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major loss in agricultural crops is caused by insect pests. In India, various synthetic insecticides are used against pests. These are much expensive and cause environmental hazards. The nanoparticles, as an alternative approach is gaining considerable interest in this field. In the present study, we explored the biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Giant milkweed, Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. and its effects on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. The reduction of zinc ions (Zn2+) to zinc nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was prepared by mixing 50 g of C. procera leaves with 100 mL of single distilled water in a 250 mL glass beaker. To synthesize nanoparticles, 50 mL of C. procera leaf extract was taken using a stirrer-heater and 5 g of zinc oxide was added at 60°C, boiled, then kept in a hot air oven at 70°C for 24 h. Finally, the obtained light yellow coloured powder was carefully collected and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results revealed that the biologically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles pesticide was highly effective against the pest. The weight of the pest decreased from low concentration to high concentration. It is concluded that the Calotropis Procera based zinc oxide nanoparticles could be used for the control of Spodoptera litura. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of hydrogen as fuel lights into various technological, economic and ecological challenges. High production cost and low yield are main drawbacks of commercial hydrogen production methods. Hydrogen production by biological methods helps to overcome these issues owing to its merit such as cost-effective, non-pollutant, recyclability and efficiency in energy conversion. Research has been conducted in utilizing cyanobacteria and algal species for producing biohydrogen utilizing solar light and other sources. Developments have been made for improving biohydrogen productivity through genetic and metabolic engineering. This review outlines the importance of biohydrogen and the constraints in producing biohydrogen in detail. Biohydrogen production can be facilitated using photolysis, fermentation and electrochemical processes. Bioreactors can be used effectively with specific designs and configuration for increasing productivity. The challenges faced during biological production and methods to overcome those demerits are also included for bringing the uncharted principles for producing biohydrogen in an efficient method. • Biological production of hydrogen is a potential alternate source of fuel. • Methods of producing biohydrogen and constrains are explained in detail. • Bioreactors and its types utilized for producing biohydrogen were examined in detail. • Challenges and economic analysis are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microglia, the intrinsic neuroimmune cells residing in the central nervous system (CNS), exert a pivotal influence on brain development, homeostasis, and functionality, encompassing critical roles during both aging and pathological states. Recent advancements in comprehending brain plasticity and functions have spotlighted conspicuous variances between male and female brains, notably in neurogenesis, neuronal myelination, axon fasciculation, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise impact of microglia on sex-specific brain cell plasticity, sculpting diverse neural network architectures and circuits, remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to unravel the present understanding of microglial involvement in brain development, plasticity, and function, with a specific emphasis on microglial signaling in brain sex polymorphism. Commencing with an overview of microglia in the CNS and their associated signaling cascades, we subsequently probe recent revelations regarding molecular signaling by microglia in sex-dependent brain developmental plasticity, functions, and diseases. Notably, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), calcium (Ca2+), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) emerge as molecular candidates significantly contributing to sex-dependent brain development and plasticity. In conclusion, we address burgeoning inquiries surrounding microglia's pivotal role in the functional diversity of developing and aging brains, contemplating their potential implications for gender-tailored therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases. [Display omitted] • Microglia, the CNS's innate immune cells, directly regulate brain development and behavior. • Microglial signatures modulate synaptic integrity and brain plasticity. • Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in neurodegeneration and brain diseases. • Microglia orchestrate brain development, differentiation, and sexual dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning techniques help computer vision automatically learn the intrinsic patterns within complex data. This research mainly concentrates on creating a mobile application based on augmented reality for elderly mobile users that helps in identifying the traffic signals and other signboards in real‐time using deep learning techniques. TensorFlow serves as an implementation platform to build the object detection system with deep learning. The single shot multibox detector (SSD) model and the two‐stage faster‐regional convolutional neural network (RCNN) models from TensorFlow's object detection application programming interface (API) are compared in this study. The SSD model with MobileNet as a backbone network serves well for this study as it is faster than the RCNN model with comparable accuracy. However, unconstrained environments like occlusions can be an obstacle to the effective performance of an object detection system. This research provides a solution to handle occlusions by developing a robust object detection system through image segmentation techniques. The model introduced is based on the SSD MobileNet model which enables it to be deployable on mobile devices for real‐time offline detection. The developed model exhibits faster performance than the state‐of‐the‐art instance segmentation model, Mask RCNN with comparable accuracy. Elaborated implementation of this system and results are presented in further sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context-aware recommender systems (CARS) are a key component in businesses, notably in the e-transactions domain, since they assume that reviews, ratings, demographics, and other factors may determine customer preferences. On contrary, while evaluating the sentiment underlying the reviews and the rating score, consumers' opinion is typically conflicting. As a result, a framework that employs either a review or a rating for top-N recommendation directs to produce unsatisfied recommendations in addition to a meager rating problem and high computation time. To overcome all the problems, a novel sentiment enhanced stacked autoencoder (SSAE) with context-specific hesitant fuzzy item hierarchical clustering (CHFHC) approach is proposed which employs online and offline phases. In the offline-phase, the meager user-item rating matrix is smoothed by learning the users' concrete preference to a complete matrix by the SSAE approach. They are clustered offline using the CHFHC approach into context-based similar item clusters. In the online-phase, the active user gets context-based recommendations from the most similar cluster that matches the active users' current context situation. Hence the SSAE_CHFHC approach improves the quality of Top-N recommendation corresponding to the exact contextual situation of the active user with a minimal recommendation computation time. Experiments on the (5-core) Amazon and yelp datasets proved that the intended SSAE_CHFHC framework consistently outperforms state-of-the-art recommendation algorithms on a variety of evaluation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wireless network (WN) has become an integral part of the living habits of human beings. Most of the crypto chips are broadly utilized in WN application to assure the security of information. The functional correctness of cryptographic devices should be verified to authenticate the precision of the secrecy of the information. In the IC industry correctness of the wireless sensing device can be verified by scan design-based testing. The scan chain-based testing is the most popularly used testing technique due to its increased fault coverage and improved test quality. It also acts as a hacking tool and recovers sensitive data through side-channel attacks like power, time, or hamming distance. This paper presents the state-of-art-of secure mechanism to protect the scan chain from the side-channel attack using the obfuscation technique and logic locking Scheme. The proposed methodology provides direct access to internal data to the authorized test engineer. Although, the security synthesis creates a controllable confusion between the reverse-engineered netlist and the original design. The proposed secure design protects the design from a hamming distance-based attack, brute force attack, and hill-climbing attack. Then evaluate the security and overhead of the suggested approach using ISCAS'89 and ITC'99 test circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we describe systematic studies on multiferroic composites (1−x) Bi Fe0.9Mn0.1O3/xLa0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) synthesized via solid-state reaction route. Structural, dielectric, impedance, magnetic, magnetoelectric (ME), and optical properties were investigated at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show peaks corresponding to both Bi Fe0.9Mn0.1O3 (BMFO) and La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO3 (LSMO) phases and confirms the formation of composites. The frequency responses of dielectric constant and AC conductivity of the samples enhances with increasing content of LSMO and Nyquist plots have been investigated at room temperature. M–H loops at room temperature show enhancement in magnetization values on the addition of LSMO. Furthermore, the ME responses of the samples were analyzed and ME coupling coefficients were calculated for all the samples. Optical band gap and luminescence properties of the materials suggest their applications in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a graph with p vertices and q edges and f :V(G) →{0,1,2,..., k} be an injective function, where k is a positive integer. If the induced edge labeling... ...is a bijection, then the labeling f is called an odd Fibonacci edge irregular labeling of G. A graph which admits an odd Fibonacci edge irregular labeling is called an odd Fibonacci edge irregular graph. The odd Fibonacci edge irregularity strength ofes(G) is the minimum k for which G admits an odd Fibonacci edge irregular labeling. The odd Fibonacci edge irregularity strength for Pn, K1, n, PnʘK1, B(m, n) and the non existence of an odd Fibonacci edge irregular labeling for the graphs Kp, Km, n have been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is established that exercise will increase immunity against covid-19. This data can be statistically verified by employing a Support Vector Machine model and a K-Means method. The number of push-ups taken per day/week and the occurrence covid-19 infection can be modeled into a Support Vector Machine algorithm. Similarly the minutes of jogging per day and breathing difficulty occurrences can be modeled into a K-Means algorithm. The training data set will give a predictive model to assess the importance of exercise against covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bi-doped CQDs in 3–4 nm size were synthesized in rice morphology from biomass waste by hydrothermal method. • Excitation-dependent and blue light emitting Bi-CQDs showed selectivity and sensitivity towards antibiotic drug Metronidazole (MNZ). • Bi-CQDs detect the MNZ in nM concentration within <1 min by IFE through ground-state complex formation. • Reliable biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and bioimaging results support Bi-CQDs practical applications. Herein we report that Walnut Shell-derived bismuth-doped Carbon Quantum Dots (Bi-CQDs) in rice morphology with an average size of 3–4 nm were used for the highly selective nanomolar (nM) detection of metronidazole (MNZ) through the inner filter effect (IFE). The excitation-dependent Bi-CQDs show high selectivity, sensitivity, and fluorescence detection on different pH (1 → 13) with a limit of detection (LoD) of 15.72 nM (R2 = 0.99092). The fluorescence quenching mechanism was evaluated by the interaction of Bi-CQSs with various MNZ concentrations (200 nM–2 μM), with binding constant as K a = 1.081 × 10−3 M−1, increase in fluorescence lifetime values (5.60 → 5.88 ns). The interference studies, the effect of pH, the effect of time on MNZ detection, and the stability of the Bi-CQD•MNZ complex were also investigated. Further, in vitro bioimaging of Zebra fish and cytotoxicity studies were also conducted. Fluorescence imaging of Bi-CWDS in Zebra fishes distinguishes the morphology changes and embryogenesis. These results suggest that the developed sensor is highly biocompatible for fluorescence sensing and biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current information and technology era, business enterprises are focusing in performing the process effectively by reducing the waiting time in completing the work, reduce latency and deploy the resources effectively so as to service the patient, medical practitioners, societies, and other stakeholders in an efficient manner. Hence, several organisations are using the emerging technologies so as to obtain high performance and enhance competitive edge. The advancement in machine learning, deep learning, business analytics, etc. enables the health care industry to identify the patterns based on the data collected and create a pivotal position and enhance revenues and profits in a sustainable manner. Machine learning models are considered as computational algorithms which will enable in collected the data, analyze them, and provide the necessary reports to the experts and management in order to make informed decision making. The application of advanced machine learning enables the organisation to process the image effectively, recognize the voice and enable in servicing the customers, process the available data, and identify the patterns so as to make informed decision making. The basic purpose of the study is to analyze the overall implementation of advanced machine learning approaches towards health care services for providing enhanced services, better patient engagement, and support in creating better life for them, the researchers intend to collect the closed-ended questionnaire from employees in different medical centers covering: apprehend the nature of designing and implementation of machine learning approaches in the organisation and understand the effectiveness of these tools in enhancing the sustainable growth and development of the organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the present work, the authors prepared nanocomposite cotton gauze cloth (NCGC) by in situ generating the nanoparticles of silver (ANPs) and copper (CuNPs) and their binary metallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) using aqueous extraction of Azadirachta indica leaves as a reducing agent. The NCGCs had roughly spherical AgNPs, CuNPs and BMNPs in the size range of 50–120 nm. The corresponding mean size of the spherical AgNPs, CuNPs and BMNPs was 94, 89 and 87 nm respectively. The participation of the hydroxyl and amino groups of the leaf extract in the generation of the metal nanoparticles in the NCGCs was established by studying the chemical interactions. All the NCGC specimens exhibited significant antibacterial activity. However, the NCGCs with BMNPs had higher antibacterial efficiency when compared to those with homo metal nanoparticles. Hence, the NCGC with generated BMNPs can be effectively used as antibacterial wound dressing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper (II) complexes, namely dichloromono(1-amidino-O-ethylurea)copper (II), (1) and bis(1-amidino-O-ethylurea)copper (II) bromide, (2) were synthesized and characterized. The antibacterial screening of complexes 1 and 2 was performed along with their corresponding metal salts (CuCl2.2H2O) and (CuBr2), and ligand (dicyandiamide), against two human urinary pathogenic bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis, by the disc diffusion method. All test compounds, except ligand have shown significant antibacterial activities on both bacterial strains. Their antibacterial effectiveness increased in a dose dependent manner, whereas their ability to inhibit the growth of both bacterial species decreased as their incubation time increased. The activity of complex 1 was found to be greater than its metal salt, while that of complex 2 was lower than the corresponding metal salt on both bacterial species. The in-vitro cytotoxic screening of complexes 1 and 2 was also assessed against human cervical adenocarcinoma cancer (HeLa) cell line using the MTT assay. Both complexes 1 and 2 have displayed cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 59.64±6.68 µg/mL and 62.85±0.39 µg/mL, respectively. Overall, the highest antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of the present work is provided by complex 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]