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Objectives: To evaluate implant survival rate, any complications, and changes in residual alveolar bone height (RABH) using saline or platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) filling after hydraulic transcrestal sinus lifting. Methods: Dental implants were placed after hydraulic transcrestal sinus lifting and the filling of saline (20 patients) or PRF (20 patients). Outcome measurements were implant survival, any complications, and RABH changes. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken and compared preoperatively (T0), immediately postoperatively (T1), at 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 12 months postoperatively (T4), respectively. Results: In a total of 40 patients, 45 implants with a mean length of 10.4 ± 0.8 mm were placed in posterior maxilla of a mean RABH of 6.8 ± 1.1 mm. The increase in RABH peaked at T1, and continuous drooping of the sinus membrane was observed but stabilized at T3. Meanwhile, the gradual increase in the radiopacities was found below the lifted sinus membrane. The PRF filling induced the radiographic intrasinus bone gain of 2.6 ± 1.1 mm, which was significantly more than 1.7 ± 1.0 mm of saline filling at T4 (p <.05). All the implants were in function with no significant complications over the one‐year follow‐up period. Conclusions: In this randomized case–control study, the feasibility of hydraulic transcrestal sinus lifting without bone graft was confirmed and PRF might be a better filler to support the elevated sinus membrane. However, adjunctive bone grafting should still be indicated for cases requiring more than 2–3 mm of intrasinus bone gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Bone harvesting from the anterior nasal spine ( ANS) is frequently used to correct peri-implant bone defects, particularly during implant placement in the anterior maxilla. However, many clinicians are concerned about the postoperative effect of removing the ANS on the nasal outline, as the ANS is integral to supporting the nose. This study aimed to describe the technique of ANS bone grafting and to investigate postoperative effects of bone harvesting from the ANS on the overall nasal shape. Material and methods Fifteen patients with single maxillary first incisal rehabilitation using dental implant were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. Simply by extending the subperiosteal dissection in the same surgical field without additional local anesthesia, a bone block of about 0.25-0.5 ml could be harvested from the ANS. Nose width ( NW), nasolabial angle ( NLA), and nasal tip depth ( NTD) were measured and analyzed by lateral and frontal photographs taken preoperatively (T0), and at postoperative 1 week (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3). Postoperative complications were also recorded. Results A significant increase in NW and decrease in both NLA and NTD were found at T1 ( P < 0.05). At T3, NW, NLA and NTD returned to preoperative measurements at T0 without major complications. Conclusions The ANS could be an effective and easily accessible intraoral source for autologous bone. Despite acute soft tissue swelling, the net postoperative effects of removing the ANS on the overall nasal shape, including on nasal tip collapse or widening of the nose base, were negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the domain of medical imaging, the advent of deep learning has marked a significant progression, particularly in the nuanced area of periodontal disease diagnosis. This study specifically targets the prevalent issue of scarce labeled data in medical imaging. We introduce a novel unsupervised few-shot learning algorithm, meticulously crafted for classifying periodontal diseases using a limited collection of dental panoramic radiographs. Our method leverages UNet architecture for generating regions of interest (RoI) from radiographs, which are then processed through a Convolutional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE). This approach is pivotal in extracting critical latent features, subsequently clustered using an advanced algorithm. This clustering is key in our methodology, enabling the assignment of labels to images indicative of periodontal diseases, thus circumventing the challenges posed by limited datasets. Our validation process, involving a comparative analysis with traditional supervised learning and standard autoencoder-based clustering, demonstrates a marked improvement in both diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. For three real-world validation datasets, our UNet-CVAE architecture achieved up to average 14% higher accuracy compared to state-of-the-art supervised models including the vision transformer model when trained with 100 labeled images. This study not only highlights the capability of unsupervised learning in overcoming data limitations but also sets a new benchmark for diagnostic methodologies in medical AI, potentially transforming practices in data-constrained scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study examines the relationship between depressive symptoms and subjective chewing and pronunciation ability in Korean seniors. Our goal is to provide the data required to develop appropriate oral health interventions programs for seniors.Methods: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) is widely used depressive symptoms assessment. A Korean version was used for the 2009 Community Health Survey, which was consulted to extract the present study's participants comprising 50,694 Korean seniors (males, 20,582; females, 30,112) aged ≥65 years. Those with a CES-D score ≥16 were rated 'depressed.' SAS version 9.3 was used for the data analysis.Results: Prevalence of depressive symptoms increased as the participants socioeconomic status decreased, number of health issues increased, health behavior worsened, and chewing and pronunciation discomfort increased. Males with chewing difficulties were found to have 1.45 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 1.63) greater risk of depressive symptoms than those without, while males with pronunciation discomfort were found to have 1.97 times greater risk of depressive symptoms than those without (95% CI, 1.76 to 2.20). Females with chewing difficulty were found to have 1.50 times (95% CI, 1.39 to 1.61) greater risk of depressive symptoms than those without, and females with pronunciation discomfort were found to have 1.55 times greater risk of depressive symptoms than those without (95% CI, 1.44 to 1.67).Conclusions: Intervention programs designed to help with oral health management and alleviate depressive symptoms in seniors are urgently needed. As the prevalence of depressive symptoms may vary geographically, research examining potential variance at city, district, and town levels would be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are common chronic inflammatory diseases and periodontitis is known to be more common and more severe in patients with RA. Based on a paucity of studies about the relationship between common conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and periodontitis, this prospective study aimed to evaluate the adjunctive effect of csDMARDs on response to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with RA. Thirty-two patients with RA (RA group) and 32 systemically healthy patients (control group) with periodontitis were included in this study. The RA group patients were treated with csDMARDs, such as methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine. Conventional nonsurgical periodontal treatment with scaling and root planing was performed in both groups. The extent and severity of periodontitis were evaluated by plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) at baseline and 4 weeks after periodontal treatment. There was no statistically significant difference of periodontal parameters between the RA and control groups at baseline. Four weeks after scaling and root planing, PD reduction, and CAL gain were higher in the RA group treated with csDMARDs compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.006 and 0.003, respectively). A post hoc analysis of the RA group showed no statistically significant difference on the response to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in multiple csDMARDs therapy and addition of NSAIDs and/or steroids to csDMARDs. In patients with RA, csDMARDs showed beneficial effect on periodontal clinical parameters following the nonsurgical periodontal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reprogrammed hepatic stem cells can generate a variety of extracellular vesicular particles including exosomes with similar therapeutic potential. However, their functional application in cancer therapy is restricted due to a poor understanding of their physical properties, anti-proliferative effects, and the underlying mechanism. Here, we explore reprogrammed stem cells that can release vesicular particles with physical properties of exosomes that can exert anti-proliferative effects by regulating cell proliferation-related genes. We obtain vesicular particles with properties of exosomes expressing CD81 and CD63 with the size distribution peak observed at 155 nm. We analyze that as compared to non-treated conditions, vesicular particles have reduced cell proliferation of Hep G2 by 93.6% after 72 h. Furthermore, we also identify that B-cell lymphoma 2 has been reduced by 89.64% and activation of caspase-3 has occurred in treated conditions via the mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, our results may highlight the potential of exosomes from hepatic stem cells to play a vital role in treating liver pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory sinonasal disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration and new bone formation. These changes indicate the severity and prognosis of CRSwNP and may be closely linked to each other. Methods: We performed RNA sequencing to screen specific osteogenic molecules and validated transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry analyses. TMEM119 knockdown was performed to observe the downregulation of bone mineralization. We validated the bone‐forming activity of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and its signaling pathways in cultured primary sinus bone cells. Cellular sources of IFN‐γ were identified using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses. Interleukin‐4–eosinophil–IFN‐γ axis and the effect of dupilumab were investigated in Eol‐1 cells. Results: We observed elevated IFN‐γ levels and eosinophils in the nasal fluid and predominantly eosinophil‐derived IFN‐γ in the sinus mucosa of patients with CRSwNP. TMEM119 expression and bone‐forming activities were increased in the osteitic and primary sinus bone cells of CRSwNP. IFN‐γ treatment enhanced bone mineralization and TMEM119 expression via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling. Moreover, TMEM119 knockdown inhibited sinus bone cell mineralization and dupilumab attenuated IFN‐γ secretion by IL4‐stimulated Eol‐1 cells. Conclusion: Eosinophil‐derived IFN‐γ promotes the bone‐forming activities of sinus bone cells via the STAT1–TMEM119 signaling pathway. Interleukin‐4–eosinophil–IFN‐γ axis may be crucial for TMEM119‐mediated new bone formation in CRSwNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to compare two low-temperature sintered anorganic bovine bone materials (ABBMs), Bio-Oss (Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and A-Oss (Osstem, Seoul, Korea), for GBR in dehiscence defects. A single implant was placed simultaneously with GBR in the buccal or bucco-proximal osseous defect by double-layering of inner allograft and outer ABBM, covered by a preformed ultrafine titanium mesh and an absorbable collagen membrane. Grafted volume changes were evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography, taken preoperatively (T0), immediately after implant surgery (T1), after re-entry surgery (T2), and after delivery of the final restoration (T3). The density of the regenerated bone was assessed by measuring the probing depth on the buccal mid-center of the mesh after removing the mesh at T2. Postoperative sequelae were also recorded. Grafted volume shrinkage of 46.0% (0.78 ± 0.37 cc) and 40.8% (0.79 ± 0.33 cc) in the Bio-Oss group (8 patients) and A-Oss group (8 patients), respectively, was observed at T3 (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in grafted volume changes according to time periods or bone density between the two groups. Despite postoperative mesh exposure (3 patients), premature removal of these exposed meshes and additional grafting was not necessary, and all implants were functional over the 1-year follow-up period. Both ABBMs with titanium meshes showed no significant difference in the quantity and density of the regenerated bone after GBR for peri-implant defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents the case of a 20-year-old female patient exhibiting an infraoccluded ankylosed maxillary central incisor that was avulsed and replanted after traumatic injury during childhood. To reposition the osseous and gingival margins of the ankylosed tooth to an ideal level, a new alveolar distraction device that uses anchoring miniscrews with a single tooth dento-osseous osteotomy was fabricated and the ankylosed tooth was successfully treated with exceptional patient compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the survival of mandibular first molars (MnM1s) adjacent to implants placed in mandibular second molar sites (ImM2s) with MnM1s adjacent to mandibular second molars (MnM2s) and to investigate risk indicators affecting the survival of MnM1s adjacent to ImM2s. A total of 144 patients who had MnM1s adjacent to ImM2s and MnM1s adjacent to MnM2s on the contralateral side were included in this study. Clinical variables and radiographic bone levels were evaluated. The survival of MnM1s adjacent to ImM2s or MnM2s was evaluated using a Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year cumulative survival rates of MnM1s adjacent to ImM2s and MnM2s were 85% and 95%, respectively. MnM1s adjacent to ImM2s of the internal implant-abutment connection type had higher multivariate hazard ratios (HR) for loss. MnM1s that had antagonists with implant-supported prostheses also had higher HR for loss. The multivariate HR for the loss of MnM1s adjacent to ImM2s with peri-implant mucositis was 3.74 times higher than MnM1s adjacent to healthy ImM2s. This study demonstrated several risk indicators affecting the survival of MnM1s adjacent to ImM2s. It is suggested that supportive periodontal and peri-implant therapy combined with meticulous occlusal adjustment can prolong the survival of MnM1s and ImM2s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]