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Non-regenerative normocytic normochromic anemia is frequently observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and becomes a common finding in the advanced stages of the disease (stages 3 and 4 according to the International Renal Interest Society), negatively affecting the quality of life in dogs. In both humans and dogs with CKD, anemia has multiple causes, with the main one being erythropoietic hypoproliferation, resulting from a relative insufficiency of erythropoietin (EPO) production by the kidneys. Additional contributing factors include functional iron deficiency, nutritional imbalances caused by hyporexia or anorexia, and gastrointestinal bleeding, whether visible or occult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysuria is the main syndrome within prostatic disorders in dogs, which frequently is registered in unsterilized individuals, especially in progression with advanced age. Despite the parsimonious clinical expressions of these disorders, the aetiopathogenesis is extremely numerous, complex and often intricate, including predominantly: benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic and/or paraprostatic cysts, prostatitis, prostatic abscesses and last but not least those of neoplastic origin. These urological disorders, initially asymptomatic, later develop various symptoms, generally with a reduced degree of specificity, dominated by the tendency to constipation, tenesmus, difficulty in hind limbs moving, haematuria (initial), stranguria (up to mechanical urinary retention). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is one of the leading causes of anemia in dogs and cats. This type of anemia can occur in animals of all ages, but is more common in young and middle-aged adult dogs and cats. In secondary IMHA, a trigger is often suspected because of a temporal association with the administration of certain drugs or a preexisting disease, but establishing a causal link is frequently difficult. While both forms of IMHA affect dogs and cats, the primary form is more common in dogs and the secondary form is more common in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic reticulopericarditis is a serious condition that can lead to significant economic losses and animal welfare issues in cattle. The disorder is caused by the ingestion of foreign bodies that penetrate the reticulum and cause damage to the pericardium, resulting in traumatic pericarditis. The ingestion of foreign bodies is often associated with indiscriminate eating habits and the mechanization of food. The clinical signs of traumatic reticulopericarditis are similar to those of other diseases, which can make early diagnosis challenging. Tachycardia, distention of the jugular veins, muffled heart sounds, and submandibular, brisket and ventral edema are common signs. Laboratory findings such as anemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia and elevations in serum enzyme levels can help confirm the diagnosis. Ultrasonography and echocardiography can help with the detection and characterization of effusions, and the use of cardiac biomarkers can aid in the early diagnosis of traumatic reticulopericarditis. Unfortunately, the prognosis for traumatic reticulopericarditis is generally unfavorable, and the treatment is often unsatisfactory. The proper management of the disorder is crucial to prevent significant economic losses and animal welfare issues. Overall, the importance of this disease in animal production and health highlights the need for continued research and progress in its prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematuric syndrome in pets is a common pathology with complex etiology: kidney stones, bladder stones, inflammation of the bladder and, last but not least, neoplasms of the components of the urinary tract. Cases of hematuric syndrome with neoplastic causes in different segments of the urinary tract will be presented in this study to describe the diversity of clinical expression and the incidence of this pathology with intricate etiopathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anemia is a common and potentially fatal complication of chronic kidney failure caused by polycystic kidney disease, leading to faster disease progression and increased mortality. Anemia is due to the loss of erythropoietin-producing cells in the kidneys or due to an inflammatory condition resulting in iron sequestration, bleeding from the gastrointestinal mucosa, reduced red blood cell survival due to uremia or consequent adverse drug effects and poor nutritional status. The present investigative study was conducted on a number of 7 cats, of Persian, British Shorthair, and European breeds, with different sexes and ages. In this study, hematological paraclinical investigations were performed in 7 cats, in order to detect a normochromic anemia, the resulting data being grouped in normal results in parameters in one patient, results with minor deficits in 4 cats and severe results in 2 individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostatic cysts are fluid-filled structures located adjacent to the prostate gland. Clinical expression is often asymptomatic, rarely tenesmus, lethargy, anorexia, and hematuria occur.Paraprostatic cysts are more common in uncastrated dogs over 8 years of age, without a predisposition to breed. These fluid-filled cysts are often localized or extend from the outer edges of the prostate.The research took place between 2017-2020 on 23 dogs of different breed and age, within the Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest and within the private veterinary practices. The diagnosis of paraprostatic cysts was established in 7 dogs age 1-5 years (n = 1), 5-10 years (n = 2), 10-15 years (n = 4), of different breeds.The reason for the presentation at the clinic was the observation by the owners of the tendency to constipation (n = 5), dysuria (n = 2) and a urination with blood (n = 3). Ultrasound identification of cystic formations with paraprostatic localization highlighted the existence of cystic formations with dimensions of 20 mm (n = 4), 70 mm (n = 2) and 3.8 cm (n = 1). In the mass of the prostate glandular parenchyma, cystic dilatations were identified, with an anechoic content with rare corpuscular elements in suspension (n = 3) and cellularity (n = 4), accompanied by ultrasound specific artifact distal enhancenment. Intraprostatic cysts were found in 16 dogs age 1-5 years (n = 3), 5-10 years (n = 5), 11-15 (n = 5) and 16-20 years (n = 3), common breed (n = 6), German Shepherd (n = 3), pointer (n = 1), English Bulldog (n = 1) Dachshund (n = 1), Afghan Greyhound (n = 1) and West Highland White Terrier (n = 3). The reason for presenting to the doctor was dysuria (n = 5) and hematuria (n = 7), or routine ultrasound examination. Ultrasonography detected single, multiple or scattered cystic formations of round / ovoid type with a fine echogenic wall clearly delimited by the rest of the parenchyma of infracentimetric dimensions (n = 12) centimeters in 4 dogs, with clearly homogeneous and anechoic content, accompanied by the distal enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver cystic lesions are often encountered in veterinary medical pathology, and their diagnosis varies from benign formations without clinical significance to potentially fatal malignancies. Their prevalence has been described in the specialized literature in a percentage of 15-18%, most of the time their identification being incidental to the routine ultrasound examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by parasites of the genus Babesia that infect red blood cells. The process of anemia in this disease involves a complex interaction of factors and greatly complicates the therapeutic management of babesiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In horse pathology, colic syndrome, through its etiopathogenetic complexity, diversity of clinical expression and incidence, is a dominant one, whose research of inductive, clinical-evolutionary aspects and paraclinical changes requires a concentrated multidisciplinary and correlatively-analytically evaluated approach, in order to optimize the success of its therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of blood lactic acid in patients and its use as a diagnostic tool in terms of clinical evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]