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In 1988, Steve Reich completed Different Trains, a piece that draws in part on his own autobiography to commemorate victims of the Holocaust. Reich described Different Trains as pointing towards 'a new kind of documentary music video theatre', while Richard Taruskin laud ed the piece as one of the very few adequate responses to the Holocaust. In the same year that Reich finished Different Trains, a Jewish intellectual, Yehuda Elkana, sounded an urgent cautionary note about the continued memorialisation of the Holocaust. Taking seriously Elkana's concerns, this article is concerned with the sonic aestheticisation and spatialisation of autobiography, memory, and archival testimony within the context of Reich's own claims about the piece. Following an introductory section, it first asks how--creatively and technically--Reich treats traumatic material before addressing the question of how Different Trains articulates its own poietic present in 1988. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ties between Francis Dhomont and Annette Vande Gorne, both passionate acousmatists and pedagogues, have animated the development of a new body of works and left their mark on both the Quebec and the Belgian acousmatic landscapes, especially between 1980 and the end of the 1990s. This paper traces Dhomont's and Vande Gorne's complicit path through the most significant moments of this period. It reveals a deep attachment to sound space and its variations in spatialized concerts, as well as to innovative teaching approaches. The account of their respective remarkable careers is punctuated by important, reflexive contributions that define what distinguishes and characterizes acousmatic music. Finally, the paper recounts the events and collaborations that provided the young acousmatic musicians of the day with the opportunity to perfect their art and to circulate their music in Europe and North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When sequences of digits are visually presented within a numerical keypad on a screen, memory span increases, this effect was named visuospatial bootstrapping. The aim of the first experiment was to know if this effect could emerge without presenting a keypad on the screen. For this purpose, a three-phase experiment was designed. During phase 1, the immediate serial recall of two groups of participants was compared (pre-training): the first group saw sequences of one-digit numbers displayed on a screen within a keypad (the keypad group) whereas the second group heard the (same) sequences (the auditive group). During phase 2, all participants underwent a training session to help them visualise in their mind a keypad. Finally, in the third phase, participants were tested again with an immediate serial recall task (post-training). Results showed that both groups had comparable performance in post-training indicating that the visuospatial bootstrapping could be obtained without displaying a numerical keypad. The second experiment also involved a keypad group and an auditive group and was designed to investigate their spatial representation. Results showed that both groups spatialised the digits following the keypad spatial configuration: digits 1-4-7 were associated to left, 2-5-8 to middle and 3-6-9 to right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the recent plan for the audiovisual industries introduced (after some delay) by the Irish Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. The Audiovisual Action Plan ("the Plan") sets out the Department's approach to the audiovisual industries and is, it is contended, evidence of a marketization of culture consistent with a creative industries perspective. The analysis of the Plan in a wider policy context identifies key issues shaping audiovisual production in Ireland. Using a thematic analysis approach from Braun and Clark (2005, 2019) a number of themes are developed from analysis of the relevant policy documents, broadly conceived around the increasing instrumentalism of culture. Taking a political economy perspective allows for development of themes around the commodification of the nation-state through the provision of policies that actively encourage a certain type of audiovisual production. Building on Mosco's work on political economy (Mosco, 2009) the concept of spatialization from Lefebvre (Lefebvre, 1991) is used to interrogate the production of and commodification of space through Specifically, this article interrogates the policy norms underpinning the Audiovisual Action Plan introduced by the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht in Ireland in 2018 as part of Culture 2025, the national cultural policy framework. It identifies the key proposals which affect the audiovisual industries. It is concluded that the Plan (and other relevant policy documents) support a spatialized, commodified view of the audiovisual industries as primarily industrial in nature, paying scant attention to the consideration of such industries as cultural forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given an input sound signal and a target virtual sound source, sound spatialisation algorithms manipulate the signal so that a listener perceives it as though it were emitted from the target source. There exist several established spatialisation approaches that deliver satisfactory results when loudspeakers are used to playback the manipulated signal. As headphones have a number of desirable characteristics over loudspeakers, such as portability, isolation from the surrounding environment, cost and ease of use, it is interesting to explore how a sense of acoustic space can be conveyed through them. This article first surveys traditional spatialisation approaches intended for loudspeakers, and then reviews them with regard to their adaptability to headphones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of metacartography was introduced by William Bunge in his book “Theoretical Geography” (1962). For him it was an activity of setting the “boundaries” of cartography by exploring traverses from the map to the premap (i.e. “…other devices, such as photographs, pictures, graphs, language …”), and of most interest to him and fellow researchers at the time, from the map to mathematics. These traverses were performed, for example, along lines of scale, generalisation distortion, abstraction and “psychological accuracy” (premaps), alternatively topology, dimensionality, and distance (mathematics). The traverse activity quite simply started with an example that was definitely map-like, then progressively presenting other examples that had less and less of the map in them, noting when the change to premap or mathematical example occurred (e.g. for the scale traverse: Map of a city; Map of a campus in the city; Representation of a university building on the campus (premap); Representation of a nail in the building (premap)). This metacartography activity and its results were then to provide context for Bunge’s manifesto for a mathematically-led geography, a foundation of the “quantitative revolution” in the discipline that has led to the Cartographic and GI Science of today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the place occupied by maps in children's picturebooks. After a brief overview of the different roles that are assigned to maps in children's books, the article considers five French picturebooks-Warja Lavater's Le petit chaperon rouge (1965), Olivier Douzou and Isabelle Simon's L'autobus numéro 33 (1996), Véronique Vernette's Cocorico poulet Piga (1999), Rebecca Dautremer and Arthur Leboeuf's Le loup de la 135 (2008) and Kochka and Fabienne Cinquin's Dans ma ville, il y a... (2011)-in order to focus on how the narrative, whether enclosed, superimposed or linked to the text in some other way, is evoked by the geographic shape of the maps. It is argued that the particular use and function of a map depends on its shape or placement in a book, distinguishing between the incorporation of maps only as a significant picture (its use) from the subject within the whole narrative (its function). Thus the article articulates what uses a map can have within a narrative. It also explores the mechanics of the iconotext, showing that a cartographic picture fulfils a precise, rather than a general, function of spatialisation. Hence three main functions of spatialisation in maps and mapping are distinguished, whereby an author could use maps to help a character discover, conquer, or organise a space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the use of field plots and airborne LiDAR data for the estimation of forest parameters has been intensively investigated in the past ten years, the issue of the evaluation of their accuracy at the compartment level (surface of a few hectares) remains poorly documented. Based on a full-calliper inventory of 35 compartments representing 380 ha, the present study compares different strategies for the mapping of LiDAR predictions and their aggregation by compartment. Results show that the prediction error decreases between estimations at the plot and those at the compartment levels: from 15 to 6.4% for basal area, 26 to 7.7% for stem density and 6.5 to 3.4% for mean diameter. At the compartment level, a LiDAR-based inventory thus displays an accuracy similar to a full-calliper inventory, for basal area. For the mapping step, it is crucial to respect the size of field plots used for calibration, whereas for the aggregation step the handling of compartment borders remains tricky for all forest parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime pine stands of 'Landes de Gascogne' forest is the object of a dynamic silviculture; Martin (1999) and Klaus (2009) windstorms have provoked a lot of damages and a great decrease of the resource. A permanent monitoring of the resource and its mapping has been reinforced. In this context, the study Pinastéréo explore some perspectives by testing a digital photogrammetry technique. Digital surface model and canopy height model have been realized by images Pleiades matching and by using the digital terrain model BD Alti ®. Thanks to reference measures (aerial LiDAR, field plot measurements), the accuracy of DSM and CHM have been estimated. The top height of the coniferous stands, their aboveground volume and biomass were calibrated from extracted variables of CHM and then top height has been mapped for a specific zone. The satisfying accuracy of the models of the top height and of the aboveground volume of the coniferous stands is promising. A generalization all over the 'Landes de Gascogne' forest and a use for others coniferous even-aged stands is now allowed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En Algérie du Nord, le phénomène d'érosion hydrique présente la forme de dégradation physique des sols la plus importante affectant les reliefs, la production du sol et la stabilité des versants. L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer l’influence des contraintes naturelles sur quelques propriétés hydrodynamiques des sols sous différents modes de gestion des terres afin d’appréhender les zones contributives du ruissellement et des pertes en terres au niveau du bassin versant de l’Isser (nord-ouest d’Algérie). Pour réaliser un bon diagnostic des risques de ruissellement et d'érosion sur un versant cultivé, il est nécessaire d'observer le fonctionnement hydrique du terrain au cours de la saison des pluies, ou tout au moins, de tester la capacité d'infiltration des sols soumis à diverses utilisations les plus courantes (Roose, 1996). La mesure de l’infiltrabilité du sol par les méthodes classiques est cependant assez longue et coûteuse. Nous présentons ici le test d'infiltration au cylindre unique sous charge décroissante (surface = 100 cm2) qui est une méthode simple et de faible coût suggérée par Roose et al. en 1993. Ce test permet non seulement de classer les horizons d'une toposéquence en fonction de leur capacité d'infiltration, mais aussi de visualiser le mode de circulation de l'eau d'un horizon aux suivants par comparaison des taches d'humidité créées par l'infiltration. Un exemple sera décrit sur un versant marneux de l’Isser sur sols bruns calcaires argileux. Les mesures sont effectuées à l'échelle du m2, sur un échantillon de six parcelles soumises à différents systèmes de culture. I1 en ressort que l’infiltration est très liée à l’état hydrique et structural du sol. Elle augmente de l’amont vers l’aval des versants et est plus élevée sur les versants exposés nord que ceux exposés sud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sound installations 1 create take benefit from the acoustics of the place but also from the very rich sound content of the public space, in order to bring the listener into new perceptive spaces. A sound composition based on situated sound recordings and with an appropriate sound diffusion system enables us to work on the condensation of spatial complexity, by reactivating mental representations of the listeners. Illustrating my working progress with recent sound creations, I will show the way I use the meaning of sound, the materialization of a sound body and the spatialization of sound in order to build up these sonic works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the rise of capital in the Indonesian television industry. Following Richard Robison's seminal book, Indonesia: The Rise of Capital, it suggests that a range of powerful economic and political interests have determined the dynamics of the evolution of this industry in Indonesia. During the heyday of the New Order, a commercial television industry was created in ways that suited the expansion of the business interests of oligarchic families. In the post-Soeharto era, a major interest of capital in this industry has been to overcome regulatory mechanisms that were put in place before the euphoria of reform and democratisation had abated. Moreover, there are strong connections between capital in the television industry and political groupings contesting power within Indonesia's democracy. While capital accumulation in this industry may not be as massive as in some others, the unique characteristics of television as a medium ensure that exerting control over it remains vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on the concept of spatialisation to better understand the development of a digital games industry on the periphery of mainland Europe, on the island of Ireland. Positioning digital games within the cultural and creative industries, we explore how global networks of production in this industry get territorialised, negotiated and shaped by local factors. Drawing upon an industry-wide survey in Ireland we found that employment has grown by 400% in the last decade but that this rate of employment growth and its concentration in large urban areas masks significant ruptures and shifts which more detailed spatial, occupational and social analysis reveals: in particular, how the state, multinational game companies, and physical and human capital interact to shape an industry which is strong in middleware, localisation and support but weak in content development. An understanding of global digital games production networks and of occupational patterns in this industry is, we believe, crucial for national and European cultural policies for the digital games industry and for the cultural and creative industries more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

While an increasing number of technical and musicological studies attest to the sustained aesthetic importance of spatialisation in electroacoustic music, few have examined the origins of its integration into formal discourse. Tracing a path across a network of commercial, institutional, technical, and musical actors implicated in the invention of a specifically electroacoustic spatialisation concept, this paper undermines the presumption of formal primacy by focusing on the social and discursive strategies that composers and theorists deployed to distinguish it from preexisting and parallel concepts of multi-channel stereophony. Spatialisation techniques are shown to have been shared widely between early electroacoustic studios and the entertainment industries, a fact which complicates both the aesthetic distinctions of the postwar avant-garde and the more recent tendency to canonise electroacoustic composers as inventors or pioneers. A brief concluding discussion deals with the role these distinctions play in the formation and reproduction of electroacoustic music as a genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article interrogates the mechanisms of spatialisation (Imrie, 1996; Armstrong, 2003) and rationalisation (Foucault, 1977; Foucault, 1980; Foucault, 1982) as applied to disabled students within the Italian policy of integrazione scolastica (school integration). It is argued that a spatial reading of an integration policy in mainstream schools may require a type of analysis distinct from the one used for a spatial reading of a policy of special schooling in segregated settings. This is because within mainstream settings, spatialising processes and rationalisation procedures are of a different type, and segregation practices are often invisible or less detectable. This argument is substantiated through an unconventional reading of integrazione scolastica that seeks to go beyond a traditional debate that opposes integration to segregation practices and that investigates the theoretical premises in which the Italian policy is embedded. Evidence of how the use of space and place in schools may contribute to the reproduction of forms of micro-exclusion is provided with examples drawn from the findings of two research projects conducted in lower secondary schools in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Summary: The estimation of daily precipitation and snow water equivalent in mountainous watersheds is essential for water resources management. In upper catchments, it still remains subject to considerable uncertainties. Based on statistical methods, this work aims at developing tools for robust interpolations based on ground networks, in order to provide a reliable estimate of daily precipitation at any point in mountainous areas. Since the orographic effect is dominant in the explanation of precipitations in mountains, a linear relationship is considered for each pixel to connect precipitation to elevation. However, it is recognized that the relationship between precipitation and elevation is complex and depends on the time scale (day, month, yearldots) and even more on the exposure to the atmospheric flows. This is why a classification into weather pattern is used, to evaluate the atmospheric flow of the day, and better characterize the orographic effect induced by this circulation. This method named SPAZM is applied over the main French mountainous areas, where a very large database has been collected. Results are presented on a 1×1km2 grid and cross validation allows evaluation of the model for the Alps, the Pyrenees, and the Massif Central. The results are then compared to those obtained by other methods of the literature. The comparison concludes on the good results of the SPAZM method compared to others, and underlines the limitation of the cross validation for the evaluation of the method over non-gauged areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Spatial metaphors for time have often been highlighted, but disanalogies between space and time, which preclude the use of such metaphors, have been comparatively neglected. Yet these disanalogies relate closely to the fundamental nature of time, with its key attributes of extension, linearity, direction, and transience. Of these, only extension is without qualification an attribute of space. Within space, though, we can recognise linear subspaces, on which we can impose a preferred direction, thereby allowing the first three attributes of time to serve as a basis for spatial metaphors. But since space can only acquire the attribute of transience through correlation with time by means of motion, no purely spatial metaphor can capture the transience of time. All metaphors for temporal transience take some kind of change as their source, and hence themselves depend on temporal transience. We cannot describe this aspect of time without lapsing into circularity. Hence time, in its transient aspect, has a sui generis character that cannot be captured by metaphors that do not make use of the very notion to be described: time, as a fundamental and inalienable feature of our experience, will ultimately resist our attempts to explain it in terms of anything else. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of the study was the implementation of a soil surface agricultural nitrogen balance model to estimate surface nitrogen balances for both administrative and river basin areas across the whole European Union (EU-15) based on agricultural statistical data and coefficients of nitrogen content for crops, forages, manure, fertiliser and atmospheric deposition. CORINE Land Cover data is used to spatialise agricultural nitrogen estimates calculated for administrative areas to river basins. Results reported at the river basin level show a EU mean surplus of 60 kg N/ha. The distribution of the balances shows high surplus amounts in regions of intensive livestock farming (Flanders (B), the Netherlands, Brittany (FR)), and low or deficit values in the central areas of Spain, France and Italy. The effect of using the CORINE Land Cover to spatialise agricultural nitrogen balance estimates was also examined through scenario analysis. These simulations indicated a slight improvement in estimation when the CORINE Land Cover was used to spatialise N estimates from an administrative unit level to a finer one (e.g. NUTS2 to NUTS3). A sensitivity analysis of the coefficients of N content for harvested crops, manure and fertiliser showed a higher sensitivity of the model to crop related coefficients than manure coefficients. The overall sensitivity analysis revealed the need to improve the quality of the coefficients of N content, requiring more consistency and harmonisation, and moreover reflecting regional differences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Genetics has become the pre-eminent interpretation of the body and health and illness. This paper engages with a central technique and metaphor of the new genetics—gene mapping. Through an exploration of the process of gene mapping, the paper argues that the genetic material of the body is spatialised and transformed into a knowable and manipulable entity. Three interpretations of this spatial transformation of the body''s materiality are discussed, in turn drawing on Foucault''s notion of the construction of medical knowledge, the deconstruction of geographical maps and Haraway''s ‘fetishised’ conception of the gene map. The paper concludes by considering contestations to this dominant discourse, and begins to construct an alternative spatialisation of the body that attempts to ‘place’ the gene more appropriately in a socially-embedded body and health. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The ties between Francis Dhomont and Annette Vande Gorne, both passionate acousmatists and pedagogues, have animated the development of a new body of works and left their mark on both the Quebec and the Belgian acousmatic landscapes, especially between 1980 and the end of the 1990s. This paper traces Dhomont's and Vande Gorne's complicit path through the most signi- ficant moments of this period. It reveals a deep attachment to sound space and its variations in spatialized concerts, as well as to innovative teaching approaches. The account of their respective remarkable careers is punctuated by important, reflexive contributions that define what distinguishes and characterizes acousmatic music. Finally, the paper recounts the events and collaborations that provided the young acousmatic musicians of the day with the opportunity to perfect their art and to circulate their music in Europe and North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption in buildings results in CO 2 emissions and it is necessary to reduce energy consumption thus its related emissions. This research is included in the Wal-e-cities project, which is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and aims to create tools that facilitate the transition toward smart territory. The annual heat consumption (HC) and heat demand (HD) of Wallonia building stock of more than 1,700,000 buildings are assessed. Subsequently, the developed energy models are coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) to calculate and map the HC and HD. The HC and HD are calculated for each building and are represented by different levels of territorial aggregation, namely neighbourhood, municipality, and urban region scales. The highest HC values were observed in large cities and main industrial areas, whereas the lowest values were observed in rural areas. For residential sector, HC is mainly related to the number of dwellings, which differs from that of tertiary and industrial sectors where HC also depends on the nature and function of buildings. Based on mean values at the neighbourhood scale, the HD is 16.44% lower than the HC for the residential sector, 15.78% lower than the HC for the tertiary sector, and 9.26% lower than the HC for the industrial sector. The proposed energy models are validated. The relative differences between annual HC calculated in this study and that provided in the regional energy reports are −5.82% for the residential sector, −14.29% for the tertiary sector, and −2.02% for the industrial sector. • Assessment of annual heat consumption (HC) and heat demand (HD) of 1,700,000 buildings. • Energy models based on top-down and bottom-up approaches, GIS, and statistical analysis. • HC and HD of the entire building stock is spatialised at three territorial scales. • In Wallonia, HD is 9.13–18.23% lower than HC for all buildings and studied scales. • Statistical analyses of the results are performed using R studio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]