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The value of experts by experience within the field of intellectual disabilities is receiving greater recognition. This study explored the experiences of peer trainers regarding the impact of being a (1) trainee in a train the trainer course (n = 9), and (2) peer trainer in a Dutch training course (n = 6) aimed towards the self‐growth of people with intellectual disabilities. In addition to examining the experiences of peer trainers themselves, we investigated the perspective of coaches (n = 4) regarding the experiences of peer trainers. Peer trainers and coaches were questioned using individual and group interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: (1) Growing and flourishing, (2) Performing a meaningful role for your peer and (3) Experiencing reciprocity and a sense of belonging. Working as a peer trainer was valuable and produced several benefits, ranging from increased self‐confidence to feelings of belonging and reciprocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the impact of ex‐romantic partners on current romantic relationships is mainly focused on negative aspects. Here instead we focus on the potential positive influence of reflecting on nostalgic memories of one's ex‐partner. In three studies, we found that reflecting on nostalgic memories of one's ex‐partner increased the perception of current relationship quality (Studies 1– 3) and approach motivation towards the current relationship (Study 3), compared to a control condition. We also tested a potential underlying mechanism—perception of self‐growth. We found that perception of self‐growth mediated the positive effects of reflecting on nostalgic memories about an ex‐partner on perceived current relationship quality (Studies 2 and 3) and approach motivation in the current relationship (Study 3). Implications for research and therapy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in situ self‐catalyzed growth of manganese‐embedded 3D flakes‐coated carbon rods (GFC) as an efficient oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst of Zinc‐air batteries is described for the first time. By optimizing the amount of Mn in the precursor, a series of 3D graphene‐like flakes‐coated carbon rods were synthesized. GFC with a doping amount of Mn of 10 % (GFC‐10) exhibits excellent ORR performance with an onset potential of 0.94 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). The Zinc‐air battery is constructed with GFC‐10 as the cathode catalyst, and it exhibits a peak power density of 128.9 mW cm−2 and a cycling stability of 75 h at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which are superior to the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C‐based Zinc‐air battery. Interestingly, the introduction of Mn facilitates the self‐catalyzed growth of carbon rods, and the change of Mn amount can effectively regulate the morphology of materials. The improved ORR performance of the catalyst is ascribed to the synergistic effect of unique hierarchical porous structure, high‐charge transport capacity, abundant carbon defects/edges and Mn‐Nx sites. This research provides a new avenue to fabricating highly active Mn‐based electrocatalysts for renewable energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several psychological approaches concern explaining the dynamic psychological processes and mechanisms that render personality a coherent whole, a "well-sounding concert." Building upon personality systems interactions (PSI) theory, which explains personality functioning on the basis of interactions among cognitive and affective-motivational personality systems, we demonstrate how diverse perspectives on personality coherence may functionally be integrated. To do so, we describe interactions among four cognitive personality systems considered to underlie and optimize two meta principles of personality functioning—self-growth (in terms of the integration of adverse experiences) and action control (in terms of goal pursuit). These meta principles establish different subtypes of personality coherence differentially focused by psychological perspectives. We highlight the interdisciplinary relevance and practical application of the present approach and conclude with implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the Vocational ID that integrates linguistic and visual representations of a career counselling client's self. Based upon findings from the Life Design paradigm [Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J.-P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., ... van Vianen, A. E. M. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the twenty-first century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 239–250. doi:] and the Personality Systems Interaction theory [Kuhl, J. (2000b). The volitional basis of personality systems interaction theory: Applications in learning and treatment contexts. International Journal of Educational Research, 33(7–8), 665–703. doi:], the Vocational ID facilitates working on clients' vocational identity. In this article, we present the theoretical framework, its practical applications, and a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Here, we generated a popcorn-like gold nanostructure exploiting extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs can first serve as the vehicle for chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). Taking advantages of EVs, gold nanoparticles can be then self-grown surrounding the EVs, assembling into popcorn-like nanostructure. The formulated nanopopcorn, consisting of self-grown gold nanoparticles and EVs encapsulated with DOX, retained the photothermal transduction from gold nanoparticle assemblies and cytotoxicity of DOX. Under external near infrared irradiation, gold nanopopcorn can produce hyperthermia to induce tumor ablation and trigger drug release, achieving combinatorial chemo-photothermal therapy. The nanoplatform demonstrated improved cellular internalization, controlled drug release, enhanced antitumor efficacy with tumor inhibitory rate up to 98.6% and reduced side effects. Our design of popcorn-like nanostructure will contribute a novel modality for facile and green synthesis of complex metal nanostructures exploiting natural properties of EVs for combinational therapy. Graphical abstract A facile and green method was developed to generate gold nanopopcorns exploiting extracellular vesicles as the vehicle for encapsulation of chemotherapeutics and template for self-growth of gold nanoparticles for combinatorial chemo-photothermal therapy. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The titled mushroom-like micropillar can spontaneously and rapidly grow out from the original surface by intentionally controlling localized laser heating and ablation, which can realize oblique quasi-pancake bouncing of compound droplet. [Display omitted] • The femtosecond laser-induced asymmetric self-growth strategy. • The strategy features rapidness, single step, and no more subsequent process. • Quasi-pancake bouncing of the low surface tension droplet. • The TSMMs demonstrates excellent anti-bacterial and anti-icing properties. Directional liquid bouncing is of great significance for a variety of biological and industrial applications. Although surface engineering through 3D printing or self-assembly enables water droplets to rebound directionally, directional bouncing of compound droplets still poses a challenge due to their low surface tension. Moreover, preparation of superamphiphobic surfaces in an efficient and simple manner to accomplish this mission remains to be studied. Here, a tilted stepped mushroom-like micropillar surface (TSMMs), whose structural morphology can be created and tailored by a facile and direct femtosecond laser-induced asymmetric self-growing strategy, is designed to enable the oblique quasi-pancake bouncing of a low surface tension droplet (γ = 32 mN/m). Oblique quasi-pancake bouncing can not only reduce the droplet contact time (7 ms) but also effectively control the direction of droplet bouncing (the horizontal distance of 2.4 mm). Accompanying mechanistic analysis provides an in-depth understanding of the structure-droplet motion relationship. Finally, we demonstrate the applications of TSMMs in antibacterial and anti-icing scenarios. This work advances the investigation of directed droplet transportation, and paves new avenues in the fields of advanced biomedical and other industrial materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work was to test a theoretical model of relational catalyst (RC) support provision that promotes thriving in non-adverse times. We tested a pathway proposed by Feeney and Collins that explains how RC support in the context of close relationships might lead to thriving. We proposed that once RC support has been received, it functions through the mechanisms of being perceived to be responsive to one’s needs and promoting perceived capability. Perceived capability should promote indices of thriving including self-esteem, goal accomplishment, growth, and specific and general availability of support. This model was supported in two studies of married couples using observational and longitudinal methods surrounding the support of goal strivings. Results indicate that (a) partner support of goal strivings predicted important indicators of thriving over time, and (b) both received and perceived RC support work together and play important roles in predicting these outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Rather than seeing outgroup members as targets of fear, conflict, or even tolerance, the self-expansion model proposes that outgroup members might be seen as attractive opportunities for self-growth. The current study utilizes an experimental manipulation to raise (or lower) self-expansion motivation prior to a positive interaction with a stranger from a different ethnic group. The results show that priming high self-expansion motivation leads to higher quality interactions, greater interpersonal closeness, greater feelings of self-growth, and higher feelings of self-efficacy. In addition, these outcomes show patterns of mediation consistent with the predictions of self-expansion theory. These findings point to a potentially valuable tool for improving the quality of cross-group contact experiences. More broadly, they focus attention on the genuinely positive functions that relationships with outgroup members can have for the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel H 3 ONb 3 O 8 –CuNb 3 O 8 (HN–CN) semiconductors with a configuration of rod-like heterojunction were formed through analogous self-growth process, including ion-exchange and crystal structure transition processes. A p-type CuNb 3 O 8 nano-semiconductor was grown on a layer structured rod-like KNb 3 O 8 crystal and the as-prepared HN–CN sample showed a broad absorption range (~800 nm). Especially, the HN–CN sample exhibited an improved photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production, and a model was proposed to explain the improvement in photocatalytic activity. Current study may provide a new way for the preparation of the p–n heterojunction with high performance under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation of Mg(OH)2nanowires and their assemblies with sphere-shaped, echinus-shaped and nest-like micro-structures on a Mg-Li alloy surface was successfully demonstrated. Mg(OH)2nanowires were formed on the alloy surface via a self-growth process, after the alloy was electrooxidised in NaCl solution and the oxidation products were removed. The nanowires were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Infrared spectroscopy. The nanowires have hexagonal rod-like or brush-like morphology and are poorly crystallised. Pre-anodisation and the presence of Li in the alloy are key factors for the nanowire growth, which likely proceeds via a dissolution–precipitation mechanism. The roles of Li can be attributed to the prohibition of the formation of passivation film on the alloy surface and the acceleration of the formation of OH−anions through hydrogen-evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the worry and stress associated with high school entrance examinations, mothers' and children's later recall about the entrance exams, and the influence of mothers' social support on their children. Mothers (N=3,085) and their children completed an Internet-based questionnaire. The results indicated that children experienced various worries and stresses connected with the entrance examinations, and that many children also had feelings of selfgrowth as a result of the examinations. Children gained a sense of fulfillment by studying and felt that the entrance examinations were overall a positive experience. Social support from the mothers had both positive and negative effects on children. This support promoted a sense of self-fulfillment through self-development as a result of studying, but also contributed to children's worry and stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flower-like Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures were electrochemically grown on nickel foam (NF) in an alkaline GO solution without adding nickel salts. The electrochemical deposition process was carried out using two modes of potentiostatic and galvanostatic to investigate the influences of the applied potential regime on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the resulting Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures. Furthermore, to validate the promoting effect of GO on the electrochemical growth of Ni(OH) 2 , the same synthesis processes were performed in the absence of GO, using both the electrochemical modes. The chemical composition and morphological features of the electrodes, and the role of GO in the electrolyte greatly changed by altering the applied electrochemical mode. When a constant negative potential was applied, GO nanosheets were not reduced or deposited on the NF, and only flower-like Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures were formed on the NF. Due to its hierarchical porous structure, this sample exhibited a significantly higher electrochemical performance compared to the samples prepared in the absence of GO and the sample prepared in the presence of GO by applying a constant cathodic current. Co-electrodeposition of reduced GO (rGO) nanosheets along with the Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures occurred as a constant cathodic current was applied, leading to the formation of highly-packed rGO/Ni(OH) 2 composite layer providing a considerably lower electrochemical performance. The electrode prepared by applying a constant potential to the NF in the alkaline solution containing GO exhibited specific capacitances of 2667.2 and 1586.8 mF cm-2 at the current densities of 4 and 40 mA cm-2, respectively. This electrode also showed a good rate capability with capacitance retention of 78% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles at the high current density of 40 mA cm-2. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor device of Ni(OH) 2 /NF//AC/NF showed a high specific capacitance of 543.6 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2, and the capacitance retention of 73.1% after 2000 cycles of charge/discharge at 16 mA cm-2. It also provided the highest energy density of 143 μWh cm-2 at power density of 1400 μW cm-2. [Display omitted] • Electrochemical self-growth of Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures on NF without using nickel salts. • Catalytic activity of graphene oxide (GO) in the growth of Ni(OH) 2 in the alkaline solution. • Potential regime influences on the growth of Ni(OH) 2 in the presence and absence of GO. • GO-assisted formation of flower-like Ni(OH) 2 on NF with a hierarchical porous structure • Achieving a high areal specific capacitance of 2667.2 mFcm-2 at current density of 4 mA cm-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpersonal relationships, including romantic attachments, are vital for personal well-being. Likewise, characteristics of the self, including one's sense of self-authenticity, influence human flourishing. Integrating these two perspectives, the current research builds on Rogers's (1961) notion that a close, supportive relationship can foster positive changes in the self. We propose a model that connects patterns of interpersonal affirmation (as described by the Michelangelo phenomenon) with increased self-authenticity. We tested this model using a correlational design and responses from undergraduates currently in dating relationships (60 males, 27 females). Structural equation modeling revealed that interpersonal processes promote self-authenticity inasmuch as individuals perceive their partners as being supportive. The model's implications for the interplay between self and other are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the design and fabrication of an ultralight carbon foam composite with special bean-like Co-embedded carbon nanotube whiskers used for high-performance microwave absorption materials. A facile approach was developed to create this carbon foam with the self-growth of carbon nanotubes on low-cost cobalt-decorated commercial melamine sponges (MF) via a simple thermal annealing process. It was found that a large number of bean-like carbon nanotubes whiskers (1D) embedded with Co nanoparticles (0D) grew on the surface of carbon skeleton (3D) under the action of surface autocatalysis. This unique hierarchical micro/nanostructure not only reduced the density of the materials but also effectively improved their thermal oxidation stability and microwave absorption ability. The resultant foam showed an excellent microwave absorption performance with the combined advantages of ultralow density (9.4 mg/cm3), strong absorption (minimum reflection loss value of −46.2 dB), wide absorption width (4.8 GHz), and high thermal oxidation stability (>350 °C). The RL values of the foam could be all below −10 dB at the frequency from 4 to 18 GHz covering 87% of the whole test frequency range. These remarkable results also provide a potentially scalable, simple, and cost-effective strategy for designing metal-embedded carbon composite nanostructures for catalysis, electrochemistry, and other applications. • Ultralight carbon foam with unique bean-like whiskers was successfully prepared via a facile strategy. • Bean-like whiskers embedded with Co nanoparticles grew on the carbon skeleton surface under the action of autocatalysis. • The foam owned ultralow density, excellent microwave absorption performance, and high thermal oxidation stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A high mechanically durable superhydrophobic surface was fabricated. • It was achieved by in-situ growth of TiO 2 particles on cured rubber surfaces. • The superhydrophobicity maintained after 3200 cycles of linear abrasion. • High durability and simple fabricating process promoted the practical application. The sol-gel technology is an effective method for preparing inorganic superhydrophobic coatings on flexible polymer substrates. However, the interfacial bonding achieved between the polymer and inorganic particles via the conventional sol-gel method is usually poor and renders the coatings highly susceptible to damage by mechanical contact. By innovatively combining the conventional sol-gel method with the swelling characteristics of cured silicone rubber (SR), TiO 2 particles were generated in the crosslinking network of SR and finally formed multiscale roughness on the surface of SR via self-growth. The ideal surface texture was controlled by synergistic effect between the swelling conditions and the sol-gel method, with contact angle and roll-off angle of 158.6° and 6.5°, respectively. The self-growth of the TiO 2 particles in the crosslinking network of SR ensured that the TiO 2 particles were 'embedded', and not 'coated', on the surface of SR, which led to improved adhesive performance and resultant mechanical durability. Superhydrophobicity was maintained even after 3200 cycles of linear abrasion. After 4000 cycles of abrasion, the TiO 2 particles were partly damaged yet firmly bonded with the SR substrate. Furthermore, the 'embedding' of the TiO 2 particles effectively solved the problem of detachment of nanoparticle coatings from substrates under repeated deformation. High mechanical stability and simple fabrication facilitate the use of these superhydrophobic surfaces in real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]