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Introduction: For populations with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, it is essential to complete cognitive assessment with an adaptive behavior scale. Objectives: To translate VABS-II from English to French and establish norms for the French population. Methods: We used the Parent/Caregiver form in order to assess psychometric characteristics of the VABS-II and to develop norms for the French population. VABS-II comprises 4 domains, 11 subdomains, and an optional maladaptive behavior index. The French translation of the VABS-II followed standard cross-cultural translation methods. The study was performed in the Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne department comprising 12 % of France inhabitants and well representing the French general population. Results: From 4576 VABS-II questionnaires distributed, 1707 were returned and 1654 were analyzed. The reason for exclusion was the impossibility to score one of the subdomains. From 174 questionnaires included in the test-retest, 95 were analyzed, and 79 questionnaires were excluded because 86 under 34 days, 8 > 3 months, and one participant that changed age group between test and retest. Scores based on French norms fluctuated around values based on US norms on all subdomains. Conclusions: The French Vineland questionnaire is the single test with the adequate norms to allow identifying children with adaptive behavior difficulties. It should be used as a complement of the assessment of the intellectual quotient, according to DSM V, for the diagnosis of intellectual disabilities. It must be done in reference to the developmental and cultural standards specific to the environment in which the person is evolving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a lack of objective evaluation with validated tools in school children with intellectual disability (ID). Standardized and validated tools, allowing children evaluations and follow-up, exist but are poorly used. Our action-study wishes to develop evaluation practices to better adapt to the specific needs of children with ID. Objectives: We evaluated the multidimensional profiles (cognitive, adaptative and behavioral) of children with ID attending regular or adapted school system. Methods: School children, aged 5 to 13 years old, with mild to moderate ID were enrolled in this French cohort study. The multidimensional evaluation consisted of a school evaluation grid proposed by the French educational system, a scale of school needs (GEVA-sco), an intellectual assessment (WISC IV), a behavior adaptative scale (Vineland II) and a behavior rating scale (the French Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (Nisonger CBRF)). The results of this multidimensional assessment were analyzed. Results: Between November 2014 and June 2016, 121 children were enrolled, 3 children were lost to follow-up. Analysis was performed on 118 children. Seventy one (60.2 %) were male. Fifty-two (44.1%) were aged 6 to 9 years. Sixty-eight (57.6%) children were in regular schools and 50 (42.4%) in adapted schools. Children in regular schools had a higher mean IQ score (57.5) than children in adapted schools (43.5). The adaptative behavior profile of children in regular school is less severe than in children in adapted schools. Conclusions: Multidimensional evaluations allow optimizing and personalizing support. Evaluation of adaptative behavior is more informative than cognitive profile which does not differentiate between children skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary During the last fifteen years, new viral diseases such Bluetongue (BT), West Nile (WN), African horse sickness (AHS), Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) have extended their geographic distribution and emerged in North Africa and in Europe. Camel ( Camelus dromedarius) is considered as a potential vector in the transmission of some of these diseases while it is host-specific for Camelpox (CP). A serological survey was conducted on 1392 sera to estimate changes of these diseases prevalence in camels over two different time spans (2003 and 2009) and across different sites of South Morocco. Results indicate clearly that BT was circulating in camels before the first notified outbreak in Morocco (2004) with 42% positive sera in Guelmim in 2003. BT and WN prevalence's increased over time from 11 to 25% and from 10 to 13% respectively. Higher prevalence of both diseases was found in camels living in oases indicating an increased intensity of viral circulation in these sites. Camels have been tested negative for AHS, EHD and PPR viruses while higher CP prevalence has been detected in camels living in Smara, the most closed site to eastern borders (i.e. Mauritania). The seroprevalence of CP in camels at interval of 7 years increases from 23% to 37%. This survey could provide information on the possible use of camel as a sentinel animal for surveillance of emerging diseases such BT and WN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Early screening of children at-risk to develop Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) needs to be improved to propose early interventions. This detection should allow diagnosis of ASD before the age of 3. An early screening performed at the general practitioner of the family should facilitate accessibility to diagnosis and a better collaboration between professionals. Objectives: Our primary objective is to estimate the positive predictive value of an early detection kit composed of 2 questionnaires (First screening: M-CHAT-R/F™ + CSBS DP™-ITC) and a confirmation of the detection with a phone call by a neuropsychologist. Patients with confirmed positive M-CHAT-R/F™ and/or CSBS DP™-ITC scores are referred to a level 2 team for pre-diagnosis and diagnosis assessment. Methods: The KitCAT study is a cohort study of 1,700 children aged 16 to 24 months seen in routine care in general or pediatric practices, or in nurseries and child care centers. Results: Seven hundred and five children have already been enrolled in the study. Twenty nine patients, ie 4.1%, (with a confirmed positiveM-CHAT-R/F™ and/or CSBSDP™-ITCscores)were referred to a level 2 teamwhere a pre-diagnosis assessment was conducted by using the following test: ADI-R, ADOS 2, BLR, WPPSI-IV and Vineland II. The diagnosis of ASD (using the same test than the pre-diagnosis) was confirmed for the first two patients aged of 3. Conclusions: The preliminary results confirm that the use of 2 questionnaires may optimize the reliability of the screening. A thousand children are still needed for the final analysis and further results are expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction La cystinose est une maladie lysosomale héréditaire rare, liée au déficit du transporteur de la cystine conduisant à une accumulation progressive de cystine dans les tissus. La tubulopathie proximale est l’un des premiers signes, évoluant vers l’insuffisance rénale terminale vers l’âge de 12 à 16 ans. D’autres atteintes apparaissent plus tardivement : endocriniennes, neurologiques et une myopathie. La cystéamine donnée précocement permet de retarder ces complications, allongeant l’espérance de vie. L’atteinte neurologique plus tardive demeure mal connue et évaluée. L’objectif de cette étude est de mieux comprendre le profil neuropsychologique et neuroanatomique lié à la cystinose. Matériel et méthodes Dix-sept patients âgés en moyenne de 17,6 ans [5,4–33,3] et présentant une cystinose ont été inclus dans l’étude. Une évaluation du fonctionnement intellectuel (échelle de Wechsler adaptée à l’âge), de la mémoire (Children Memory Scale et Wechsler Memory Scale), et des capacités visuo-spatiales (figures de Rey) et visuo-perceptuelles ont été réalisées. Seize patients sur 17 ont effectué une IRM cérébrale 3 T (comprenant 3D T1 haute résolution, FLAIR, DTI, et spectroscopie). Résultats L’efficience intellectuelle des patients présentant une cystinose est normale (QI total moyen = 100). Mais l’Indice de Raisonnement Perceptif (moyenne = 87, [63–109]) est significativement plus bas que l’Indice de Compréhension Verbale (moyenne = 100, [59–138], p = 0,003). L’évaluation des capacités mnésiques de ces patients révèle des capacités dans la norme, sans dissociation entre mémoire visuelle et verbale. Par contre, il existe une altération significative de la mémoire de travail par rapport aux capacités mnésiques générales ( p = 0,003). L’évaluation de leurs capacités visuospatiales montre un score en copie et en rappel pour la figure de Rey inférieur au 50 e percentile dans plus de 70 % des cas. L’IRM révèle une atrophie cortico–sous-corticale à prédominance pariéto-occipitale. Conclusion Les patients ayant une cystinose ont un profil neuropsychologique et neuroanatomique spécifique, dont la meilleure connaissance devrait améliorer leur prise en charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To report the experience of Ibn Rochd oncology center on management of solitary bone plasmacytoma. Describe the radiological findings in bone solitary plasmacytoma throughout plain radiographs, CT and MRI. Methods: Ten cases of solitary bone plasmacytoma were collected retrospectively in the Ibn Rushd-oncology center over a period of 8 years. Results: The mean age was 57 years old (range 48-68) and the mean consulting time about 8 months (range 4-24). The plasmacytoma was vertebral in six cases, in the pelvis in two, in a maxillary sinus in one, and in the cranial vault in one case. The most common primary clinical signs were pain and neurological disorders. The diagnosis was based on imaging data (plain radiographs, CT and MRI) and histological examination of bone biopsy. A research assessment for multiple myeloma was achieved in all cases and found normal. Radiotherapy graded 40 to 45 Gy was delivered in ten patients. Decompressive laminectomy was performed in four patients. After the end of treatment, there has been a regression of pain in eight patients and recovery of neurological disorders in half. Conclusion: Solitary bone plasmacytoma is a malignant tumor developed from plasmocyte cells. Its diagnosis is retained after a looking for a negative multiple myeloma. The basic treatment of solitary plasmacytoma bone is radiotherapy, which provides the best local control. Surgery is useful only in cases of nerve compression or bone instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether the introduction of a paediatric anaesthesia comic information leaflet reduced preoperative anxiety levels of children undergoing major surgery. Secondary objectives were to determine whether the level of understanding of participants and other risk factors influence STAIC-S (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-State subscale) score in children.Methods: We performed a randomized controlled parallel-group trial comparing preoperative anxiety between two groups of children aged >6 and <17 yr. Before surgery, the intervention group received a comic information leaflet at home in addition to routine information given by the anaesthetist at least 1 day before surgery. The control group received the routine information only. The outcome measure was the difference between STAIC-S scores measured before any intervention and after the anaesthetist's visit. A multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the influence of the level of education, the anxiety of parents, and the childrens' intelligence quotient on STAIC-S scores.Results: One hundred and fifteen children were randomized between April 2009 and April 2013. An intention-to-treat analysis on data from 111 patients showed a significant reduction (P=0.002) in STAIC-S in the intervention group (n=54, mean=-2.2) compared with the control group (n=57, mean=0.90). The multiple regression analysis did not show any influence on STAIC-S scores of the level of education, parental anxiety, or the intelligence quotient of the children.Conclusions: A paediatric anaesthesia comic information leaflet was a cheap and effective means of reducing preoperative anxiety, measured by STAIC-S, in children.Clinical Trials Registration: NCT 00841022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The hemangioma is the most common primary tumor of the spleen. It can be isolated or register among haemangiomatosis. It is a rare tumor with a definitive diagnosis which can only be confirmed by a surgical approach and by histological examination of the surgical specimen. Observation: We report the case of a female patient of 67 years, which complained during a year before of left upper quadrant pain, of gravity type. The clinical examination revealed a huge splenomegaly arriving until the hypogastrium. Abdominal ultrasound showed a large splenomegaly measuring 25 cm in long diameter, with heterogeneous echostructure including multiple hypoechoic areas. The patient underwent splenectomy and diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma was confirmed by histological examination. Conclusion: The purpose of this observation is to highlight the difficulties in preoperative diagnosis of this lesion and determine the therapeutic approach that is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intraocular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (IONHL) runs a uniformly fatal course. Once the central nervous system is involved, survival without treatment is very limited. Although treatment does not substantially improve the long term survival, it provides short term improvement in these patients. Observation: We report a case of an intraocular non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient treated at the Oncology Center Ibn Rochd of Casablanca. It was about a patient of 31 years with no specific pathological history, who presented in April 2013 with clinical symptoms of redness in the right eye and decreased visual acuity. Ophthalmological tests showed a right blindness and ocular ultrasound an incomplete posterior detachment of the retina with a cataract. This assessment concludes to an anterior right sclero-uveitis. The patient received systemic corticosteroids. Given the persistence of symptoms and the appearance of sclerotic nodules, an etiologic looking for a systemic disease was found normal. Cranio-orbital scanner objectified diffuse infiltration of the intraocular soft tissues and biopsy of nodules confirmed the diagnosis of peripheric TNHL. The complementary staging found submandibular and jugular-carotid lymph nodes with laryngeal thickening. Before the diagnosis of IONHL, the patient received chemotherapy (2 cures of DHAP) and local radiotherapy (45 Gy) followed by enucleation of the right eye. The evolution was marked by the death of the patient due to brain metastases with a term of 15 months. Conclusion: IONHL presents as the form of several clinical features. Treatment was initially based on radiotherapy. Recently, combination with chemotherapy has improved survival and tolerance, especially after the introduction of intra-vitreal chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malignant transformation of mature ovarian teratoma to epidermoid carcinoma is a very rare complication, representing 1-3% of cases. It is seen most often in women of pre-menopausal or post-menopausal period and which the risk increases with age. Observation: We report the case of a 51-year-old woman, in the pre-menopausal period, who presented with abdominal pain associated with a pelvic mass. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound showed a right ovarian tumor. Hysterectomy without annexial conservation associated with omentectomy was performed, revealing a squamous cell carcinoma in a mature teratoma of the ovary, so the patient received chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin with a good evolution after a loss of 1 year. Conclusion: Treatment of malignant mature ovarian teratoma is the same as epithelial ovarian cancer. Prognosis depends on several factors, with a survival rate of 70% in stage I and 11% in the advanced stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Brain metastases are rarely localized in the corpus callosum (CC), and exceptionally multiple within the same CC. They present clinically as a intracanial hypertension syndrome and sometimes by specific symptoms resulting from disturbance of functions in CC. Observation: We report the case of a 65-year-old patient, presenting with a continuous headache lasting from two months ago, without fever or visual disturbance or cerebri (intracranial hypertension), or seizure. They are accompanied by poor concentration and irritability lasting for 6 months. Neurological examination revealed ideomotor slowdown, a normal walk, apraxia, without motor and sensory deficit or balance disorder or coordination. The Mini Mental State (MMS) amounted to 26/30. A brain CT scan is requested showing a hypodense lesion occupying the splenium of the corpus callosum, and a hypodense lesion in the body with periphery contrast enhancement. The hemispheric disconnexion syndrome (HDS) is sought and MRI is conducted for trying to predict the nature of the lesions. Conclusion: HDS is a rare entity, as much that it occupies almost never the center stage of clinical presentation in the pathology of the corpus callosum. It comprises a series of specific symptoms. Knowing them could help anticipate the topographic diagnosis of a lesion before performing imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In testicular lymphoma, tumor cells grow infiltrating through the tubules and through the normal testicular vessels, and the normal vascular architecture of the testis is preserved. wether the macroscopic appearance is nodular or diffus. The aim of this study is to describe the grey-scale and Doppler findings in testicular lymphoma, and to evaluate whether identification at color Doppler ultrasound of testicular vessels with straight course crossing a mass in improving characterization of the lesion. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 21 patients with testicular mass underwent scrotal Doppler ultrasound within the period between June 2012 and May 2014. Color Doppler images were available were reexamined to assess the features of the lesion, either mass forming or diffuse, and presence of normal testicular vessels with straight course crossing the lesion. Results: Thirteen patients with pathologically-proven lymphoma were found, five patients were carrying another histological type and 3 patients in whom lymphoproliferative disease was suspected on clinical and US ground and pathology or clinical evolution showed non-neoplastic disease. Lymphoma patients age ranged 21-72 y (median: 64 y). Eight patients had primary disease and one had testicular involvement in sistemic disease. None had bilateral involvement. Patients with non neoplasic lesions (three patients) had proven non-specific inflammation (n = 1), granulomatous orchitis (n = 1) and tuberculosis (n = 1). Involvement of the testis was focal in six patients with lymphoma, diffuse in the others. Color Doppler US demonstrated normal testicular vessels with straight course within the tumor in the nine cases of lymphoma. Conclusion: In patients over 60 and/or with history of lymphoproliferative disease presenting with a testicular mass lymphoma must be considered; Demonstration of normal testicular vessels crossing the lesion is a useful adjunctive criterium to confirm the diagnosis. Inflammatory lesions may present the same imaging features as lymphoma. These criterias should be researched by the radiologist to predict eventually the kind of tumour as preoperative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a pivotal role in assessment of prostate cancer. We review the currently available MR methodologies for the evaluation of prostate cancer in a practical and integrated clinical context, discuss and illustrate the recent advancements in the field. We also argue the advantages and limitations of current diagnostic MR imaging of the prostate. In addition, we develop an imaging algorithm for MR imaging protocol of the prostate cancer. Methods: Experience of our department and pictorial review of literature. Results: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in males. It's can be divided into detection, localization, and staging; accurate assessment is a prerequisite for optimal clinical management and therapy selection. Traditional prostate MR imaging has been based on morphologic imaging with standard T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences, which has limited accuracy. Recent advances include additional functional and physiologic MR imaging techniques (diffusionweighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, and perfusion imaging), which allow extension of the obtainable information beyond anatomic assessment, and provides the highest accuracy in diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. Conclusion: Owing to its exquisite soft-tissue contrast, MR imaging is well suited for assessment of the prostate. It's a rapidly evolving field, and the application of many new techniques to the evaluation of prostate cancer will continue to improve the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To learn to deal with the unexpected is essential to adaptation to a social, therefore often unpredictable environment. Fourteen adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 15 controls underwent a decision-making task aimed at investigating the influence of either a social or a non-social environment, and its interaction with either a stable (with constant probabilities) or an unstable (with changing probabilities) context on their performance. Participants with ASD presented with difficulties in accessing underlying statistical rules in an unstable context, a deficit especially enhanced in the social environment. These results point out that the difficulties people with ASD encounter in their social life might be caused by impaired social cues processing and by the unpredictability associated with the social world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Introduction: The De Quervain''s tenosynovitis is an inadequacy into the first extensor compartment between the osteo-fibrous tunnel and the tendons. This mechanical conflict generates a tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus tendons in first dorsal extensor compartment of the wrist. Patients and methods: The authors report a retrospective study of 20 patients who have been treated by a longitudinal surgical approach. The mean age was 49 years old with a net female predominance. The Finkelstein''s test was positive in all cases. All patients were treated operatively by incision of the sheath, which was sufficient to unwind the dorsal compartment tendons. The sheath palmar flap has been sutured with skin (Le Viet plasty) to avoid a further tendons luxation. Results: At three years follow-up, the functional results were good in all the patients. However, non-aesthetic scars were noticed in three patients. We did not notice neither a case of anesthesia of the radial nerve nor a tendinous luxation in our series. Discussion: The stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal extensor compartment of the wrist is a relatively frequent pathology in the young woman. We use a longitudinal surgical approach to avoid the radial nerve lesions. Le Viet procedure using the palmar flap of the pulley fixed to the dermis works as a barrier and maintains the tendons sliding on the radial styloid groove. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: The evaluation of different cytogenetic endpoints of radiation damage for the biomonitoring of contract workers temporarily employed at nuclear power plants. Materials and methods: Blood samples from six donors were irradiated in vitro with doses ranging from 0.1 to 2Gy 60Co gamma -rays. Compared were a conventional analysis for dicentrics, the conventional micronucleus (MN) assay, the centromere micronucleus assay using p82H and an alpha AllCen pancentromeric probe, and tricolour FISH with chromosome 2, 4 and 8 DNA probes for the scoring of translocations. Results: Agreement in the number of MN between Giemsa-and propidium iodine fluorescence-stained preparations was obtained. The control samples showed higher centromere positivity for the MN after FISH with the p82H probe compared with the alpha AllCen probe. The MN results with both probes showed a slight but systematic increase in the number of centromerepositive MN with dose, indicating that radiation, although principally clastogenic, also has aneuploidogenic properties. The values of the genomic translocation frequency (FG) derived from the observed translocation frequencies were systematically higher than the dicentric yields. Comparing the sensitivity of the di erent methods with restriction of the scoring time to 1 day for biomonitoring purposes, the centromere micronucleus assay had the lowest dose detection limit (0.1 to 0.2Gy). Conclusion: This study shows that at present only the centromere micronucleus assay can combine high sensitivity with a reasonable scoring time for the biomonitoring of relatively large populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential role of domestic dogs in the long-distance transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) is currently unproven. This study set out, through an experimental infection study, to investigate whether domestic dogs mount a viraemia post-infection with a field strain of BTV serotype 1. All six experimentally infected dogs seroconverted within 14 days and viral RNA was detected in the blood of the dogs, albeit at significantly lower levels than that seen in domestic ruminants. There was no clear evidence for viral replication in the dogs as no increase in viral RNA was observed in, and it was not possible isolate virus from, the blood of the dogs. There was however evidence for a persistence of viral RNA in the blood of the dogs, which may be evidence for a low level of replication or could be indicative of persistence of the viral inoculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lung small cell carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor, it is a very aggressive tumor characterized by its propensity for invasion and metastasis. The aim of our study is to describe the typical CT scan appearance of small cell lung carcinoma. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 22 patients with lung small cell carcinoma and explored by chest computed tomography (CT) with upper abdominal cuts. Our study was focused on the characteristics of the tumor process, the lymph nodes involvement (hilar and mediastinal), mediastinal structures invaded, lung parenchyma signs and parietal pleural extension. We also describe the secondary locations to abdominal floor. Results: The tumor processes were headquarters in 80.2% of cases. Their outlines were irregular in shape and lobed central in peripheral forms. The average number of mediastinal lymph node chains achieved was 2.4. Hilar or mediastinal lymph node was observed in 90%. Mediastinal structure most often invaded was the ipsilateral pulmonary artery (55.7%). Ventilation disorders, obstructive, were observed in 18% of patients presenting a central form. 54% of patients had extra-thoracic secondary locations at initial staging. Conclusion: The small lung carcinoma cells present in the majority of cases, such a proximal tumor; with mediastinal-pulmonary hilar extension. Chest CT allows determining the size of the tumor, its location and mediastinal invasion .She also clarifies the contact with the vena cava, the heart chambers, especially the pulmonary arteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a relatively common malignancy of the facial. It affects older children and young adults. The locations are often orbital and nasal passages. Diagnosis is based on the complementary contribution of radiology and pathological examination, sometimes only test confirmation. The aim of this work is to point out the contribution of imaging in the diagnosis of these tumors. Observation: An 18-year-old patient, consultant for a swelling of the right lateralized gradually, increasing volume palace and extending the maxilla, with intermittent bleeding and unencrypted fever. CT objectified extensive bone destruction interesting right hemi mandibular, the upper right maxillary bone lysis palace, the walls of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavities. The nasopharynx is also compressed by the tumor mass, the rétrozygomatomaxillaire Pterygomaxillary lodges and is invaded. A biopsy was performed and confirmed the diagnosis. CT brain and abdominal ultrasound were normal. Conclusion: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a common mesenchymal tumor extension is fast. The prognosis is directly related to the existence of metastasis, hence the need to know early diagnosis and establish a complete and accurate staging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The osteochondromatosis is a rare metaplasia of the synovial tissue characterized by the formation of cartilaginous body (chondromas) or osteochondral (osteochondroma) in a joint, bursa or tendon sheath.This condition is usually mono-articular and preferentially affects the knee. The topography of the ankle is exceptional. The purpose of this study was to report a rare case of osteochondromatosis of the ankle and the contribution of imaging in the diagnosis of this pathology. Observation: An old woman of62 years consulting for mechanical intermittent pain in the right ankle associated swelling of the anteromedial surface of the ankle for 6 months. The radiograph shows several calcifications facing the anterior side of the tibia. The CT scan of the ankle has objectified the presence of multiple bone fragments next to the - internal anterior side of the ankle with varying size, some of which are regular limits and others are calcified cartilage. These fragments seem to come off the underside of the anterior tibial pilon. It joins in a tibial-talar and subtalar arthrosis. Conclusion: The osteochondromatosis of the ankle is a very rare location that requires as any other location, early detection before installing the chondropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]