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This research falls within the jurisprudential investigations and deals with the discussion of the ruling on embracing Islam with the stipulation of some corrupt conditions. It aims to clarify the legal ruling for those who want to enter Islam with the condition that they abandon some of the duties imposed by Islam or do not stop doing some of the forbidden things that Islam forbids. This issue is one of the frequently asked questions by those who want to convert to Islam. One of the most important reasons that made the researcher choose this topic is the lack of studies addressing it, despite the great need for it. One of the most important results of the research is that scholars differed in their opinions on the validity of Islam in the presence of invalid conditions, with two main views. The most correct view is that it is valid, and the ruling on the validity of Islam with the presence of invalid conditions is not specific to the Thaqif tribe but rather a general ruling for those who want to enter Islam with the stipulation of corrupt conditions. Additionally, this issue is specific only to those who want to enter Islam recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Five studies explored whether power undermines the quality of relationships by creating instrumental attributions for generous acts. We predicted that this cynical view of others'' intentions would impede responses that nurture healthy relationships. In the first three studies, the powerful were more likely to believe that the favors they received were offered for the favor-giver''s instrumental purposes, thereby reducing power-holders'' thankfulness, desire to reciprocate, and trust. These effects emerged when power was manipulated through hierarchical roles or primed semantically, and when participants recalled past favors or imagined future ones. Using income disparity as a proxy for power, Study 4 found that instrumental attributions for favors in marriages led to lower levels of reported relationship commitment among high-power spouses. Study 5 provided evidence that favors are critical in triggering power-holders'' diminished trust. We connect our theory and findings to both a political scientist''s writings on the nature of love and power almost half a century ago as well as the dilemma voiced by many celebrities who find true relatedness elusive. Overall, power provides a reason to doubt the purity of others'' favors, creating a cynical perspective on others'' generosity that undermines relationships. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We study learning in a modified EXACT model, where the oracles are corrupt and only few of the presented attributes are relevant. Both modifications were already studied in the literature [Dana Angluin, Mārtiņš Krikis, Learning with malicious membership queries and exceptions (extended abstract), in: COLT ’94: Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, ACM Press, 1994, pp. 56–57 ; Dana Angluin, Mārtiņš Krikis, Robert H. Sloan, György Turán, Malicious omissions and errors in answers to membership queries, Machine Learning 28 (1997) 211–255; Laurence Bisht, Nader H. Bshouty, Lawrance Khoury, Learning with errors in answers to membership queries (extracted abstract), in: FOCS ’04: Proceedings of the 45th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS’04, IEEE Computer Society, 2004, pp. 611–620; Nader H. Bshouty, Lisa Hellerstein, Attribute-efficient learning in query and mistake-bound models, J. Comput. System Sci. 56 (3) (1998) 310–319 ; Nick Littlestone, Learning quickly when irrelevant attributes abound: A new linear-threshold algorithm, Machine Learning 2 (4) (1988) 285–318; Robert H. Sloan, Gyorgy Turan, Learning with queries but incomplete information (extended abstract), in: COLT ’94: Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, ACM Press, 1994, pp. 237–245 ], and efficient solutions were found to most of their variants. Nonetheless, their reasonable combination is yet to be studied, and integrating the existing solutions either fails or works with a complexity that can be significantly improved. In this paper we prove the equivalence of EXACT learning attribute-efficiently with and without corrupt oracles. For each of the possible scenarios we describe a generic scheme that enables learning in these cases using modifications of the standard learning algorithms. We also generalize and improve previous non-attribute-efficient algorithms for learning with corrupt oracles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper analyses the construction of the political agenda in the election campaign for the Government of Buenos Aires City in 2003, interpreting this in terms of hegemonical articulation. First, it tries to describe and compare the different thoughtful candidates strategies which set a particular agenda. As a provisional hypothesis it is affirmed that this discursive strategies are constructed around the image of the corrupt like a negative identification's device, in a struggle which resolution depends on the citizenship's behaviour in the elections. On the other hand, this behaviour is analysed by assuming that it takes its form as an answers to this discursive struggle, within a framework characterized by the fluctuation of the vote, the weakening of the supporters' fidelity and the growth of an independent electorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a series of studies, we ask whether and to what extent the base rate of a behavior influences associated moral judgment. Previous research aimed at answering different but related questions are suggestive of such an effect. However, these other investigations involve injunctive norms and special reference groups which are inappropriate for an examination of the effects of base rates per se. Across five studies, we find that, when properly isolated, base rates do indeed influence moral judgment, but they do so with only very small effect sizes. In another study, we test the possibility that the very limited influence of base rates on moral judgment could be a result of a general phenomenon such as the fundamental attribution error, which is not specific to moral judgment. The results suggest that moral judgment may be uniquely resilient to the influence of base rates. In a final pair of studies, we test secondary hypotheses that injunctive norms and special reference groups would inflate any influence on moral judgments relative to base rates alone. The results supported those hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]