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Pregnancy and lactation represent a complex stage from a nutritional point of view, since energy, protein and micronutrient requirements increase during these stages. The literature describes that a well-planned plant-based diet can be sufficient in energy, macronutrients and micronutrients, with the exception of vitamin B12 and possibly n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly EPA and DHA. During the last few years, adherence to this diet has increased rapidly in the population, so the main objective of this article is to review the current evidence on the intake and concentrations of vitamin B12, EPA and DHA during pregnancy and lactation in women following a plant-based diet. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Ovid MedLine using free terms and MESH. Eleven articles were selected in this review. Well-planned vegetarian and vegan diets, with adequate supplementation of vitamin B12, EPA and DHA, are compatible during pregnancy and lactation, being a positive predictor of their content in breast milk. A similar situation was observed in plasma levels in women supplemented with B12. However, it is important to continue with research in this area that considers an adequate dietary anamnesis, integral evaluation of nutritional status, estimation of nutritional requirements and an individualized nutritional plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant people has increased dramatically during the opioid epidemic, affecting a significant number of families with young children. Parents with OUD commonly face significant challenges as they are often balancing the stress of caring for young children with maintaining recovery and co‐occurring psychosocial challenges (e.g., mental health, low social support). Toward designing interventions to address parenting needs among parents with OUD, we conducted a mixed‐methods study to understand the acceptability of receiving parenting support prenatally among pregnant people with OUD residing in the United States. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted among 18 pregnant and early postpartum people recruited from a substance use treatment program specializing in the care of pregnant and parenting populations. Among all participants, a prenatal parenting program that comprehensively addresses recovery, parenting, and wellbeing was found to be widely acceptable. Regarding content most desirable within a parenting intervention, participants indicated an interest in breastfeeding, caring for newborns with in‐utero opioid exposure, parent‐infant bonding, infant soothing techniques, their own wellbeing/mental health, and parenting skills. We introduce a prenatal adaptation of the well‐established Family Check‐up parenting intervention as a novel, prenatal intervention to prevent negative outcomes for caregivers in recovery and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, multidimensional instrument is needed to screen non‐optimal prenatal parental representations predictive of postnatal parenting behavior and child attachment. The present work aimed to revise and validate the Prenatal Caregiving Expectations Questionnaire—Revised (PCEQ‐R). Survey data from two independent samples of pregnant, primarily Danish, women (N = 300/322) were collected to 1) test the factor structure and select items for a 20‐item version, and 2) confirm the factor structure, examine internal consistency, and establish initial construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three‐factor model of helpless‐dysregulated, anxious‐hyperactivated, and avoidant‐deactivated caregiving representations. Internal consistency was acceptable (α >.73). Construct validity analyses showed that higher helpless‐dysregulated caregiving was associated with low maternal antenatal attachment quality (rs = −.36) and intensity (rs = −.11), increased risk of perinatal depression (rs=.37), and trait anxiety (rs=.37). Higher anxious‐hyperactivated caregiving was associated with better maternal antenatal attachment quality (rs=.20) and higher intensity (rs =.26), while avoidant‐deactivated caregiving was not associated with maternal antenatal attachment. These findings support the validity and multidimensional structure of the measure. The homogenous nature of the sample limits generalizability of results. Future studies should examine predictive validity of the PCEQ‐R and include clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Autoimmune diseases pose a significant challenge to achieving pregnancy due to complications in pregnant women, fetuses, and newborns. Doppler flowmetry, a non-invasive examination for evaluating fetal and placental hemodynamics, plays a crucial role in monitoring high-risk pregnancies. Objective: To describe maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications in pregnant women with systemic autoimmune diseases, and their follow-up using Doppler flowmetry. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of one hundred pregnant women with systemic autoimmune diseases from Villa Clara province who delivered between July 2017 and may 2020. Scientific observation and document review of medical records were used to collect empirical data, which were tabulated in Excel and analyzed using WHO's EPIDAT 3.1, contingency tables, and chi-square tests of homogeneity. Results: Pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominated (74%). Among fetal complications, fetal restriction (34 cases) was most common, followed by neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (33) and hypocalcemia (22), and maternal preeclampsia (43). Doppler flowmetry revealed alterations in the cerebroplacental index in 30 pregnant women and in the mean pulsatility index of the uterine artery in 20. Conclusions: Pregnant women with SLE were the most prevalent in the study. Fetal growth restriction was the most frequent complication for the fetus, hyperbilirubinemia for the newborn, and preeclampsia for the mother. The cerebroplacental index and mean pulsatility index of the uterine artery were the main pathological indicators in Doppler ultrasound follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a severe mental disorder that can affect up to 56% of Latina women. PPD has multiple origins and affects maternal well-being, health and behavior, as well as child development. Objective: to analyze the risk of postpartum depression in a primary care center. Material and methods: observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study in patients entitled to primary care, who were in the postpartum period. Likert-type surveys were carried out, based on the Edinburgh Scale, collecting sociodemographic factors, in order to establish the associated risk factors. The association between the study outcome (risk of postpartum depression) with each independent variable was determined using Odds ratio and multivariate models. Results: 79 postpartum patients were included, the average age was 29 years (± 5), 46.8% with a high risk of depression, and 53.2% without risk of postpartum depression. The main factor associated with being able to present a high risk of postpartum depression was low socioeconomic level in 94.6%, other variables did not have statistical significance. Conclusions: the frequency of being at high risk for postpartum depression in our study was similar to that reported by the Pan American Health Organization 2018, with a frequency of 56% in Mexican and Latin American women. The main risk factor was economic aspects rather than social aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate nutrition is a vital aspect in the proper development of pregnancy. Micronutrients are one of the most important dietary components during pregnancy, since they play multiple roles in both the proper development of pregnancy and embryonic development. Ensuring an appropriate supply of micronutrients during pregnancy reduces the risk of obstetric and fetal complications and even the development of pathologies in adulthood. For this reason, the nutritional assessment of the pregnant woman is imperative, so that her daily dietary requirements can be individualized, guided about the different food sources where she can obtain these components and educated her about the important functions they perform, avoiding these imbalances during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present an unusual case of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a young pregnant woman. Material and Methods: The information was collected based on the clinical record after the informed consent of the patient. Results: This is a 34-year-old pregnant woman with stage IIIB anal SCC. She was managed with chemotherapy before delivery, followed by a caesarean section and chemoradiotherapy after birth. The patient experienced complete clinical and imaging regression after treatment, but she presented early tumor regrowth requiring abdomino-perineal amputation, with negative surgical margins. Discussion: The treatment of anal cancer (AC) in pregnant women is based on a multidisciplinary approach, adapting current clinical guidelines. It establishes a challenge from an ethical point of view that must consider the impact on the health of the mother and the fetus. Proctological symptoms and their confusion with benign pathology and those typical of pregnancy can work against early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: the aim of our study was to assess the effect of bariatric surgery on obstetric outcomes. Material and methods: a retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 54 pregnancies post-bariatric surgery and 219 pregnancies in non-operated obese women, from December 2018 to January 2023. Various maternal and obstetric characteristics were evaluated, ranging from baseline data to antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum, and neonatal outcomes. Results: bariatric surgery showed a significant 69 % reduction in the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) (p = 0.045) and a 63.1 % reduction in cesarean sections p = 0.014), but also a notable increase in the risk of miscarriage (3.5 times more, p = 0.046) and intrauterine growth restriction (35 times more, p = 0.009). Bariatric surgery was associated with a significant prolongation of postpartum hospital stay (7.5 times more, p = 0.001) and a decrease in the average weight of the newborn (213.71 g, p = 0.006). Conclusion: pregnancy after bariatric surgery presents benefits, such as a reduced risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) and cesarean section, but also presents challenges, such as an increased risk of miscarriage and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). These results highlight the importance of specialized obstetric care to optimize maternal-fetal outcomes in pregnant women with a history of bariatric surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on nutritional recommendations for pregnant women who exercise are scarce. The objective of this article is not to focus on the diet of pregnant women as a whole, but to review those aspects of it that may be related to physical exercise. To this end, the nutritional and hydration recommendations contained in the main clinical practice guides on physical exercise during pregnancy are collected, including the first Spanish guides. Likewise, the energy requirements required by pregnant women who perform physical exercise during pregnancy for adequate gestational weight gain are addressed, aspects related to macronutrients in the aforementioned population group, and two specific topics, such as nutritional needs in the adolescent who practices physical exercise during pregnancy and eating disorders in pregnant athletes It is concluded by stating that pregnant women who exercise regularly should eat a varied and balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, avoid long periods of fasting to avoid the appearance of hypoglycemia and maintain adequate fluid intake before, during and after physical exercise. Pregnant adolescents who engage in physical exercise require nutritional supervision to achieve adequate gestational weight gain. The pregnant athlete with an eating disorder has a higher risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, gynecological, fetal and neonatal, and, therefore, requires close monitoring by specialists in maternal-fetal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diseñar un protocolo asistencial en las artritis inflamatorias crónicas durante el período preconcepcional, el embarazo, el posparto y la lactancia. Este protocolo tiene como objetivo ser práctico y aplicable en las consultas donde se atienden a pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias reumatológicas crónicas, ayudando así a un mejor control de estas pacientes. Asimismo, se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre en qué momento se podría consultar/remitir a las pacientes a un centro especializado por parte del facultativo. Un panel multidisciplinar de médicos expertos de diferentes especialidades identificó los puntos claves, analizó la evidencia científica y se reunió para elaborar el protocolo asistencial. Las recomendaciones elaboradas se han dividido en 3 bloques: reumatología, ginecología y pediatría. El primer bloque se ha dividido en visita pregestacional, gestación y posparto. Este protocolo intenta homogeneizar el seguimiento de las pacientes desde el momento del deseo gestacional hasta el año de vida de los lactantes. Es importante realizar análisis en las pacientes en edad fértil y usar fármacos compatibles con la gestación. Si procede, se debe derivar a la paciente a unidades especializadas. La multidisciplinariedad (reumatología, ginecología y pediatría) es fundamental para mejorar en el control y en el seguimiento de estas pacientes y sus recién nacidos. To design a care protocol in chronic inflammatory arthritis during the pre-conceptional period, pregnancy, postpartum and lactation. This protocol aims to be practical and applicable in consultations where patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatological diseases are treated, thus helping to better control these patients. Likewise, recommendations are offered on when patients could be consulted/referred to a specialized center by the physician. A multidisciplinary panel of expert physicians from different specialties identified the key points, analyzed the scientific evidence, and met to develop the care protocol. The recommendations prepared have been divided into three blocks: rheumatology, gynecology and pediatrics. The first block has been divided into pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum visits. This protocol tries to homogenize the follow-up of the patients from the moment of the gestational desire until the year of life of the infants. It is important to perform tests in patients of childbearing age and use drugs compatible with pregnancy. If appropriate, the patient should be referred to specialized units. Multidisciplinarity (rheumatology, gynecology and pediatrics) is essential to improve the control and monitoring of these patients and their offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnant individuals and parents have experienced elevated mental health problems and stress during COVID‐19. Stress during pregnancy can be harmful to the fetus and detrimental to the parent–child relationship. However, social support is known to act as a protective factor, buffering against the adverse effects of stress. The present study examined whether (1) prenatal stress during COVID‐19 was associated with parent–infant closeness at 6 months postpartum, and (2) social support moderated the effect of prenatal stress on the parent–infant relationship. In total, 181 participants completed questionnaires during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to assess whether social support moderated the effect of stress during pregnancy on parent–infant closeness at 6 months postpartum. Results indicated a significant interaction between prenatal stress and social support on parents' perceptions of closeness with their infants at 6 months postpartum (β =.805, p =.029); parents who experienced high prenatal stress with high social support reported greater parent–infant closeness, compared to those who reported high levels of stress and low social support. Findings underscore the importance of social support in protecting the parent–infant relationship, particularly in times of high stress, such as during the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: malnutrition due to excess is a serious public health problem currently affecting 53 % of children and adolescents in Chile. The early identification of associated factors is key in prevention and necessary to guide interventions from early stages of life. Objective: to identify factors associated with the development of malnutrition due to excess in three-year-old children under control at Ancora Family Health. Methods: a case-control study was carried out in three Ancora Family Health Centers located in the communes of La Pintana and Puente Alto; it included 133 children and their mothers. Factors dependent on the child and the mother were analyzed and their importance in the development of malnutrition due to excess was determined. Results: logistic regression showed maternal smoking during pregnancy as a risk factor (OR = 4.065, 95 % CI: 1.119-14.770, p = 0.033) and as protective factors birth weight < 4,000 g (OR = 0.112, 95 % CI: 0.026-0.483, p = 0.003) and weight gain during the first year of life < 6.4 kg in women and < 6.9 kg in men (OR = 0.060, 95 % CI: 0.017-0.210, p = 0.000). Conclusions: the most important risk factor was maternal smoking and the protective factors were birth weight and weight gain in the first year. Health programs and public policies should focus on modifiable factors such as smoking during pregnancy and adequate weight gain in the first year of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Domestic violence impacts approximately 30% of women globally. In Australia, reports indicate that one in every six women will experience physical or sexual abuse. Many instances of domestic violence, however, are not reported. Pregnancy and new motherhood are periods of increased risk in a woman's life. Identifying appropriate methods for screening and responding to domestic violence is a high priority, especially in maternity services. This paper aims to provide a critical reflection on the implementation of the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario's 'Woman Abuse: Screening Identification and Initial Response' Best Practice Guideline at the Women's and Children's Health Network (WCHN), Adelaide, South Australia. Division of the topic covered. This study used the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario's six-phase Knowledge-to-Action Process structure for critical reflection. Each phase was evaluated using written reports and reflective conversations. Following the Knowledge-to-Action Process, the WCHN successfully demonstrated improvement in staff knowledge and understanding of domestic violence and appropriate methods of screening and responding to disclosure. Further, there was significant growth in leadership, partnership with key stakeholders, and capacity building. Although cost remained a limiting factor, sustainability through cultural change was overwhelmingly encouraging for longevity. Conclusion. This reflection has demonstrated passion, leadership, and organisational commitment to implementing evidence-based care. Key stakeholder partnership, leadership, and scaffolding education and training are pivotal to successful and sustainable implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesarean section represents a procedure whose frequency has increased over time. As a consequence of this history, a complication of pregnancy is reported, the previous cesarean scar pregnancy (PCBS). Some include it as a type of ectopic pregnancy, most do not as such. This complication represents implantation of the blastocyst in a scar defect, described as isthmocele. ECCP can be of two types. The endogenous or type 1, where the gestational sac grows towards the uterine cavity and therefore the myometrium will be thicker; and the exogenous or type 2, with a growth towards the bladder, where the myometrium is very thinned. The management of this pathology is not standardized. Because of the severe maternal morbidity that can occur, and the still controversial management, we report a clinical case managed surgically at the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a complex condition with unclear origins, involving genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers that lead to immune system dysfunction. We report a case of a pregnant woman from a mosquito-borne disease-endemic area who presented jaundice, abdominal pain, and pruritus, complicated by acute liver failure. Immunological markers showed AIH triggered by dengue virus infection, which was confirmed by a positive IgM test. Treatment with supportive care followed by steroids and azathioprine resulted in favorable outcomes, averting the need for a liver transplant. Although AIH can be triggered by viruses, the role of dengue in its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Regular clinical monitoring is vital for managing AIH, particularly during pregnancy, due to variable immune status and treatment responses. Further research is necessary to understand the link between dengue infection and AIH. Individualized treatment strategies are crucial, especially during pregnancy, in order to ensure favorable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women with COVID-19 in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital (HNERM). Twelve pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were included. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed when each woman was admitted to the hospital, placenta samples were collected for pathological evaluation as well. The results showed that vertical transmission of the virus was rare, with an overall low positivity rate in newborns. Although the study has limitations, such as the small number of cases and the lack of electron microscope analysis, it is the first attempt to evaluate vertical transmission in Peru. It is concluded that more research is needed to better understand the relationship between COVID-19 infection and complications during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the underlying cause of the deficiency of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTCD) is a gene mutation on the X chromosome. In females, the phenotype is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to neurologic compromise secondary to hyperammonemia and it can be prompted by numerous triggers, including pregnancy. Objective: the objective of this article is to report a case of two pregnancies of an OTCD-carrier, and to review the literature describing OTCD and pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Methods: an extensive search in PubMed in December 2021 was conducted using different search terms. After screening all abstracts, 23 papers that corresponded to our inclusion criteria were identified. Results: the article focuses on the management of OTCD during pregnancy, parturition, and the postpartum period in terms of clinical presentation, ammonia levels and treatment. Conclusions: females with OTCD can certainly plan a pregnancy, but they need a careful management during delivery and particularly during the immediate postpartum period. If possible, a multidisciplinary team of physicians, dietitians, obstetrician-gynecologist, neonatologists, pharmacists, etc. with expertise in this field should participate in the care of women with OTCD and their children during this period and in their adult life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy, cardiomyopathy is notable as a syndrome of heart failure. Objective: To characterize patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy according to clinical and epidemiological variables of interest for the investigation. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 18 patients with diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy was carried out. They were assisted at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from October, 2015 to December, 2022. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of patients over 35 years (32.6 average age), besides African descendant (50.0 %), chronic hypertension (44.4 %) and multiparity (8.9 %) as risk factors and the left ventricle failure as clinical manifestation. The ejection fraction of this ventricle was regularly diminished and the pharmacological treatment response was satisfactory in all the sample. Conclusions: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is of low incidence in this center; however, due to its seriousness, the early diagnosis and the specialized staff intervention are necessary to avoid complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Body image concerns during pregnancy can lead to a number of problems. Understanding these concerns can help health professionals improve health care for pregnant women. Objective: Translate, adapt, and validate the Body Image Concerns During Pregnancy Scale for the Portuguese population (Escala de Preocupação com a Imagem Corporal Durante a Gravidez - EPICDG). Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 231 pregnant women. The psychometric properties of the EPICDG were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The fit indices of the Portuguese 21-item version were identical to those of the original scale. The four-dimension model had the best fit (X2(176) = 446.320; p < 0.001, X2df = 2.536; CFI = 0.91; TLI = 0.89; GFI = 0.86; RMSEA = 0.077, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results show that the EPICDG has adequate psychometric properties for assessing body image concerns during pregnancy in the Portuguese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Rural areas stand out for their conservative and traditional practices, where sexuality is considered a taboo subject among families, which carries to misinformation and the generation of fantasy ideas. Objective. To analyze the myths and beliefs of young rural school students regarding their sexuality and to identify whether some of these may have an impact on risky practices and pregnancy at an early age. Materials and methods. The approach is quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional, conducted with 58 students in higher grades between 11 and 22 years of age. For the analysis, demographic data such as age, gender and sexual relations were considered and related to 30 different myths, which were presented in a questionnaire with false and true answers. Results. It was found that 50 % are male and 50 % female, the latter obtained a higher percentage of erroneous beliefs with 50.3 %; the age group with more incorrect answers was 11 to 13 years old; 10 myths were identified that could have an impact on Adolescent Pregnancy and risky practices. Conclusions. The importance of sex education in rural educational centers is emphasized, to reduce information barriers and social gaps, since these are conducive to the spread of misconceptions about sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and anxiety are psychological problems with high prevalence in the perinatal period. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the vulnerability of pregnant women has been even greater, making it even more necessary to study the main associated risk factors. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on mental health in a sample of pregnant women by comparing women who were pregnant before the pandemic and those who experienced pregnancy during the pandemic, as well as evaluate the relationship with the main risk and protective factors, one of them being social support. With this objective, a battery of psychological assessment instruments was administered to women in the general population who were in the third trimester of pregnancy (N=59), with which the following factors were evaluated: sociodemographic variables, stressful situations experienced in the last year and previous history of depression, perinatal depression (EPDS), anxiety (STAI) and social support (MOS). The results partially support the hypotheses proposed, since, although no significant differences were found between the groups evaluated before and after the pandemic, anxiety and depression scores showed negative correlations with social support. These results have clinical implications in that social support, especially from the partner, may be a determinant variable in effective early detection and prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eating behavior comprises a set of actions that lead to the consumption of certain foods and it is shaped by biological, psychological and socio-cultural aspects. In this sense, access to different nutrients at all stages of life, including prenatal, is variable and dependent on the context. Exposure to adverse environmental conditions, such as inadequate nutrient intake, can affect maternal health and prenatal growth and development. The aim of this work is to describe the eating patterns and nutritional composition of the diet of pregnant women living in Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina. In total, 150 women who attended prenatal check-ups between July 2021 and March 2022 were interviewed and their Body Mass Index (BMI) was obtained as a measure of nutritional status. A food consumption frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour recall were carried out. Results indicated the coexistence of low weight, overweight and obesity along with a high consumption of refined cereals, sugars and proteins of animal origin and a lower consumption of dairy products, fish and nuts. The data obtained in this work contribute to the discussion about the impact of eating behavior on the nutritional status of pregnant women in vulnerable contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migraine is one of the most common types of headaches, affecting almost all group ages and both sexes. Nevertheless, it is known that migraine can modify its characteristics during pregnancy and that nearly 60-80% of pregnant women with migraine will suffer attacks, especially during the first trimester. In this narrative review, we describe critical aspects of this frequent neurological pathology during pregnancy and provide a reference hallmark to guide diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor also called giant condyloma acuminatum is a rare condition due to the human papillomavirus with an incidence of 0.01% and just 6 cases reported in pregnancy. There is no consensus on the treatment, although surgery has been the most reported. Clinical case: A 14 year-old primigravid patient with a 21-week pregnancy who was admitted to the Emergency Department due to a perineal painful tumor which appeared 5 months before. On physical examination two irregular exophytic, cauliflower-like and ulcerated lesions of 20 × 10 cm of size each one with malodorous discharge were found on her perineal region suggestive of giant condyloma acuminatum. We decided to resect the tumor with tumor-free margin control and healing per secundam. The pathology report showed a giant condyloma acuminatum with tumor-free margin. The PCR analysis revealed human papillomavirus genotype 53. Complete epithelialization was noted at 12 weeks with no complications noted. Conclusion: Buschke-Löwenstein tumor is considered as a benign tumor, but it carries a risk of malignant transformation and it can appear after treatment, which makes important to strengthen the prevention and screening of human papillomavirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of regulation on surrogacy in Colombia can violate fundamental rights, including women's sexual and reproductive rights and the right of the unborn child to have a family. This article focused on analyzing the adverse effects of this issue that has been debated by the Constitutional Court, prioritizing the rights of children and adolescents. Using a hermeneutic methodology based on the review and interpretation of legal sources, we found that this practice has gained popularity as an alternative for those who wish to become parents and in some contexts as a source of remuneration for pregnant women. However, regulatory gaps have led to serious legal problems, especially in the filiation of children born through surrogacy. The constitutional court has stressed the need for regulation that protects the rights of minors and offers solutions to possible disputes between the parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by suppurative lesions typically in the intertriginous skin areas with variable clinical presentation that ranges from painful nodules to sinus tracts that generate an anatomical deformity. It predominantly affects women of childbearing age, given the constant fluctuation of sex hormones and metabolic changes that are not yet well described. We present a clinical case of a 25-year-old female patient, with a history of hidradenitis suppurativa, who presents during pregnancy with exacerbation of lesions, multiple sinus tracts and hypertrophic scars involving the axillary, perineal and genital regions; through which we show a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach with the dermatology and obstetrics service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary Goal: This study aims to determine the effect of tomato cookies on the iron levels of pregnant women in certain areas in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest control group design. A sample of 102 people with the same number per group was taken using simple random sampling. Tomato biscuits were given five pieces (@20 grams) every day/for seven days. Iron levels were measured during the pretest and posttest. Observation sheets, standard operating procedures, and haemoglobin levels based on laboratory tests were used. In comparison, data Analysis using Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 20-35 years (90.4%), third trimester (58.1%), and multigravida (83.9%). The control group showed no significant difference between pretest and posttest haemoglobin levels (p=0.317). There was an increase in the Hb level of pregnant women after giving tomato Cookies as much as 1.77 g/dL with p=0.011. There was a significant difference in haemoglobin levels between the control and intervention groups (p=0.025). Conclusions: The provision of tomato cookies effectively increases the Hb levels of pregnant women. This intervention can be an alternative for preventing and treating anaemia in pregnant women. Pregnant women can consume tomato cookies together with the consumption of iron tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: ferritin is important in the storage of intracellular iron, in a non-toxic soluble form. Its levels during pregnancy are related to the health of the mother and her offspring. The aim is to describe the serum ferritin levels and the prevalence of ferritin deficiency, as well as the associated sociodemographic factors in pregnant women in Colombia. Methodology: analytical cross-sectional study; secondary analysis of the 2015 Nutritional Situation Survey of Colombia. The following were evaluated in 1.234 pregnant women aged between 12 and 48 years: their sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, the distribution of serum levels, and the prevalence of ferritin deficiency. To estimate the association between the different sociodemographic variables and serum levels, or the prevalence of ferritin deficiency, multivariate regressions were used. Results: the prevalence of ferritin deficiency was 44.5 % (95 % CI 40.1 % to 49.0 %), serum ferritin levels ranged from 4 µg/L to 295.7 µg/L, with an average of 29.3 µg/L (95 % CI 26.5 µg/L - 32.2 µg/L). Pregnant women in the second (OR (OR 2.19 95 % CI 1.50 to 3.19) and third trimester (OR 3.84 95 % CI 2.68 to 5.50), those residing in the Atlantic region (OR 2.18 95 % CI 1.25 to 3.82) and in the Orinoquia region (OR 2.41 95 % CI 1.19 to 4.88), showed an association with ferritin deficiency. Conclusion: a high prevalence of ferritin deficiency was found in Colombian pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During pregnancy, a woman experiences many changes, not only physical, but also mental, which is why perinatal mental health is of great importance at this stage. The majority of pregnant women who develop a mental illness during pregnancy, such as depression or anxiety, are not diagnosed, which can cause adverse effects for the mother and baby. In this sense, the screening, diagnosis, management and follow-up of this group is of great importance. Thanks to technological advances, we can count on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to find ways to approach women in the perinatal stage for screening and monitoring their mental health. So this review article focuses on seeing its acceptability, perception, barriers to access and new developments focused on improving mental health in perinatal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: anemia is the most common hematological disorder globally. Its prevalence in pregnant women affects about 50%. The most common cause is caused by nutritional iron deficiency. Its result is an increase in maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality and its treatment should be taken as a priority. Objective: to identify the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in pregnancy worldwide. Methods: a systematic review was carried out and the PRISMA guidelines of the empirical studies found in PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar were followed. It was aimed at publications made from 2019 to the present and search terms on the topic in the English language were combined: anemia and pregancy and prevalence, iron anemia deficiency and pregnancy and prevalence, prevalence and anemia, iron deficiency and prevalence. A total of 6,231 articles were obtained. Development: the problem of anemia in pregnant women has a large dimension in several countries around the world and is a frequent situation during this state of women, mainly due to iron deficiency. Conclusions: the high prevalence of anemia in this group and iron deficiency was identified as one of the main causes of this nutritional disorder. The country that stood out in this problem was Ecuador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Pregnancy, being a situation of vulnerability and with its inherent changes, places women at a great risk of depression. In Mexico, the prevalence of probable depression in pregnant women treated at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, was 17.8%, assessed using the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS). To date, there are no data regarding this issue in Sonora. Objective. To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in pregnant women treated at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (México). Method. An observational, descriptive, transversal, and prospective study was conducted in 2021, applying the EPDS in 168 2nd/3rd trimester pregnant women, selected by non-probabilistic sampling by consecutive cases. Sociodemographic variables, pathological/non-pathological, gynecological, and obstetrical personal history were explored. The analysis was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables; for qualitative variables, frequency and percentage; χ² test to assess differences in distribution of depressive symptomatology by age and the rest of variables. Results. A global prevalence of "probable depression" of 14.3% was determined. The majority, within 20-29 age group, with a partner and a planned/desired pregnancy. High school educational level, 50%. History of intimate partner violence, 54.2%. Almost 40%, primigravida. Substance use, denied. Overweight/obesity, in 70%. Discussion and conclusion. There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, going unnoticed for reasons such as insufficient knowledge (patient/health care providers), since there is no routine screening. It is imperative to work on prevention, detection and treatment, since it entails multiple consequences at a binomial, family, and social level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Anxiety, mood- and stress-related behaviors are regulated by sex hormones in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Very scarce information exists about the role of sex steroids in pregnant women displaying high levels of anxiety. Objective. To determine sex hormones serum levels in pregnant women exhibiting high levels of anxiety symptoms. Method. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS/ HAM-A) was used to assess the intensity of anxiety symptoms in third-trimester pregnant women. Two groups were included in the study, pregnant women exhibiting severe anxiety (ANX; HARS scores ≥ 25; n = 101) and healthy control subjects (CTRL; n = 40) displaying lower scores for anxiety (HARS scores ≤ 7). Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) serum levels were measured using a standard chemiluminescent immunoassay. Bivariate and partial correlations were performed to detect significant associations between groups, clinical measures, biochemical data, and HARS scores. Results. The anxiety group (ANX) showed an increase in E2 and T serum levels (p < .001) compared to CTRL. Conversely, significantly lower P4 levels were found in the symptomatic group (p < .001) as compared to the CTRL hormone values. The P4:E2 index was significantly reduced in pregnant women with high levels of anxiety (p < .001). Negative correlations between anxiety (HARS) scores, P4 serum levels (p = .02), and P4:E2 ratio (p = .04) were found in the symptomatic group. Conversely, T serum levels displayed a positive association (p = .001) with high levels of anxiety symptoms in the same group, after adjusting our data by clinical confounders. Discussion and conclusion. Serum levels of sex-steroid hormones are altered in pregnant women exhibiting severe anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory rheumatic diseases usually affect women of childbearing age treated with biologic drugs. However, there is a lack of literature on the efficacy and toxicity of biologic disease-modifying drugs during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of pregnant patients treated with bDMARDs in a real-world dataset and to examine the impact of pregnancy and lactation on the evolution of rheumatic disease in a registry of Spanish patients. This was a multicentre prospective study with a real-world setting. Information was obtained from BIOBADASER registry. Patients included are women who got pregnant until November 2020 from 19 rheumatology units. We conducted proportions, means, and standard deviations (SD) to describe the study population and the use of treatments. T -test and Chi-square test were applied to assess differences between groups. Ninety cases of pregnancy were registered (n = 68 full-term pregnancies; n = 22 spontaneous miscarriages). Most of the cases discontinued bDMARDs during pregnancy (78.9%) but 13 cases continued treatment during pregnancy, mainly using certolizumab pegol. These cases were obtaining better management of rheumatic disease, although the differences were not statistically significant [DAS28-CRP, 2.9 (SD: 1.6) vs. 2.0 (1.2), p =.255; DAS28-ESR, 2.2 (1.0) vs. 1.7 (.5), p =.266]. No serious adverse events were reported during pregnancy and lactation. Being pregnant is still an uncommon condition in patients with rheumatic diseases and using bDMARDs. Our results show that rheumatic disease tended to progress better during pregnancy in patients who continued to take bDMARDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Preterm birth and low birth weight constitute a health problem worldwide, since they represent an important predictor of development and postnatal growth, as well as an indicator of newborn morbidity and mortality. Objective: To characterize mothers with preterm and low weight infants according to clinical and epidemiological variables. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from January to December, 2022, of 35 mothers with preterm and low weight infants, belonging to the East Area Teaching Polyclinic in Camagüey city. Age, nutritional state, risk classification, prenatal control, preconcepcional reproductive risk, multidisciplinary visits, diseases characteristic of pregnancy, birth state, detected deficiencies and causes were among the analyzed variables. Results: In the series there was prevalence of the 35 and over age group (25.7%), obesity (37.1%), high risk mothers (45.7%) who received among 8-14 prenatal controls, and bad obstetric history (31.4%). On the other hand, 22.9% of the mothers had low weight children and 31.4% preterm children; as long as there were difficulties in follow up due to absences (57.1%). Conclusions: The mothers presented unfavorable clinical and epidemiological characteristics, such as the 35 and over years, obesity, high risk, bad obstetric history and vaginal infection as a disease characteristic of pregnancy, which influenced the infants to be preterm or low weight, or both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In pregnant women, low levels of physical activity constitute a risk factor for health. Socioeconomic level is a factor that may contribute to the increase in the negative impact of inactive lifestyles during pregnancy. Objective: To identify the level of physical activity of pregnant women of low socioeconomic status and determine the association of different gestational periods with biological, anthropometric factors and active behaviors. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 473 pregnant women from lower strata between May and June 2023. Sociodemographic characteristics, level of physical activity, stages of change in active behaviors and anthropometric assessment were determined. A descriptive analysis was proposed and Chi2 tests were performed to determine the association between the analyzed variables and the ANOVA test to compare means. Results: 71.2% of the women were physically inactive and 80.1% did not walk the minimum number of minutes per week. 44.1% had planned to do physical activity during pregnancy. In the first and second trimester, more inactive women were found compared to the third trimester (p-value <0.05). Conclusions: The majority of pregnant women documented in this article did not meet the minimum recommendations for weekly physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of antidepressants during pregnancy is a common practice, but there is controversy about its possible consequences for the fetus and newborn. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of antidepressant consumption during pregnancy on fetal and neonatal development. A systematic review of the scientific literature on the subject was carried out. We included observational studies and clinical trials that evaluated the risk of congenital malformations, developmental disorders, and other adverse outcomes in children of women who took antidepressants during pregnancy. The results of the review suggest that the use of antidepressants during pregnancy may be associated with a small increased risk of heart malformations, neural tube defects and preterm birth. However, these risks are generally low and outweigh the benefits of treating maternal depression. In conclusion, this study suggests that antidepressants are safe for use during pregnancy, but it is important for pregnant women to consult with their doctor to discuss the potential risks and benefits of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To control gestational obesity, it is necessary to design and implement interventions to improve the quality of diet and physical activity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a psychoeducational nursing intervention for the control of gestational weight in Mexican pregnant women. Methods: quasi-experimental study. The sample consisted of 34 participants; n1=17 y n2=17. The psychoeducational intervention consisted of 12 sessions, which included educational, cognitive behavioral techniques and prenatal yoga, for eight weeks. The control group received routine care and a prospectus additional healthy nutrition. We realized anthropometric measurements before and after the intervention, as well as the retention rate in the intervention and the satisfaction of the participants. Results: Pregnant women who participated in the intervention had less gestational weight gain than those in the control group (... = 5.17 ± 3.01 vs. (... = 8.03 ± 4.06; t = -2.32, gl = 32, p = .026). The intervention was feasible, given that 80% complied with the scheduled sessions and satisfactory acceptability, 76.5% of the participants mentioned that the quality of the program was excellent and 100% mentioned that they received the help they expected. Conclusion: The psychoeducational intervention favors gestational weight control in the experimental group compared to the control group. Psychoeducational interventions are recommended for the management of weight gain during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a growing pathology in the world and in our country. Due to advances in treatment and improved life expectancy, more women with SCD are having pregnancies. In these cases, the risks for mother and child are higher than for the general population. For this reason, a multidisciplinary team working in a protocolized way is required to achieve the best results. In this document we present the general principles for the management of women with SCD during pregnancy and point out the need for more studies to strengthen the scientific evidence in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most prevalent in pregnant women. There are associated risk factors that predispose the acquisition of a UTI in pregnancy, which can cause serious complications for mother and child. Objective: To determine the prevalence of UTI and associated risk factors in pregnant women at the Hospital Básico de Sangolquí. Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted in 570 pregnant women from January 1 2021 to August 30 2022. The prevalence and risk factors associated with UTI were analyzed through 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and odds ratio (OR) calculation. Results: The global prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 37.7% (IC 95% 33.7-41.7). The most frequent etiology was Escherichia coli (65.4%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (21.8%). The age of pregnant women ranged from 12 to 45 years, with an average of 27.55 ± 7 years, out of which those with a previous history of UTI were at greater risk of presenting UTI (OR 4.05; 95% CI 2.65-6.18), followed by diabetes mellitus (OR 2.25; 95% CI 2.48-3.44), and overweight (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.05-2.10). Regarding gestational age, the third trimester was a protective factor for UTI (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.46-0.92]). Conclusions: The prevalence of UTI for pregnant women was 37.7%. The most frequent etiology was Escherichia coli. A history of UTI prior to pregnancy was the main risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeclampsia isa pathology with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this disease, the placenta is an organ of shock where inflammation and the immune response generate the damage that results in the characteristic clinical scenario. The classic triad in preeclampsia is made up of hypertension, edema. and protei n uria, so it is thought that the endcthel ium must be affected by inflammatory-immunological activity. The immune system acts in the development of pregnancy and does so at different timesand regulating physio logically. Both, cellular and humoral components of the innate and acquired response have been studied in patients with preeclampsia and it has been determined that their participation is decisive in the pathophysiology of this disease. The involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia reaches a high level of complexity since it interacts with other systems (coagulation, renal, cardiovascular and endocrinological among others) thus favoring the disease. For this reason, treatment must be comprehensive, with a holistic vision of the condition and requires a multidisciplinary team that acts harmoniously to achieve the greatest therapeutic success with the least frequency of sequelae for the mother-fetus or mother-newborn dyads. During pregnancy, the so-cal led 'i mmunolog ica I tolera nee of preg na n cy* develops, in this state of immunological tolerance the B and T cells can recognize specific antigens (for example, the paternal ones) and later activate and generate the immune response. which is why preeclampsia ecu Id being considered an autoimmune pathology, where the loss of immunological to lera nee would be the cornerstone of pathcphysiology, knowing howto limit or regulate this abnormal cel I activation could help to propose new therapeutic approaches and thus control this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case report of a 20 years pregnant woman is presented, who went to the maternal block emergency room of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba due to run-down, nausea and diffuse discomfort. During the physical exploration sweaty and cold skin, tachycardia and jaundice were found. Diverse complementary exams were carried out and a hepatic disorder was verified, as well as low figures of glycemia. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy was diagnosed. After several days hospitalized with an unfavorable clinical course until getting to the critical state, the patient died due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peripartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent, heterogeneous disorder with various underlying mechanisms and unwanted outcomes. Substantial uncertainty surrounding PPD aetiology exists. To comprehensively investigate PPD, research is adopting the biopsychosocial theoretical model highlighting the interplay between biological and psychosocial factors. This paper aims to provide an overview of risk factors and biopsychosocial models of PPD. Method: A literature search was conducted in databases to identify risk factors and biopsychosocial models of PPD. Results: The most robust biological and psychosocial risk factors of PPD and findings from integrative studies are outlined. Several biopsychosocial models are identified, explaining antepartum, postpartum or peripartum depression. Integrative models show promise but differ in conceptualisation and proposed aetiological pathways underlying PPD. Conclusion: Biopsychosocial principles should be applied throughout the perinatal research and healthcare provision as a necessary landmark towards guiding future theory, improving maternal mental health care and ensuring better outcomes for mothers and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to mental health problems, including stress, anxiety, and depression. This risk has been increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and differences in psychological symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum before and during COVID-19 exists. Mental health problems can have adverse effects on both the woman, and the neonate, including miscarriages, premature births, low birth weight, and higher rates of cesarean sections and instrument-assisted deliveries. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of psychological symptoms of pregnant women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the psychological profile in a sample of pregnant women selected before the pandemic and a sample of women studied during the first wave of the pandemic. A total of 122 women were selected prior to the pandemic and 181 women during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) was used to assess depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Results: The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety during pregnancy were higher in the sample of women studied during the pandemic (SCL-90-R: M = 54.6 vs. 42.6 and M = 62.6 vs. 51.7 respectively). In the postpartum the difference between both samples of women was even higher for depression and anxiety (SCL-90-R: M = 50.4 vs. 35.0 and M = 51.3 vs. 36.0 respectively). Being a pregnant woman at the COVID-19 outbreak was directly associated with a higher score of depression symptoms (aOR = 8.67, 95% CI [3.26, 23.02], p <.001). Anxiety during childbirth was more frequently reported by women before the pandemic (aOR = 5.13, 95% CI [2.53, 10.44], p <.001). The variable stage (before /during pandemic) was also associated with having a clinical SCL-90-R score above 70 (aOR = 7.61, 95% CI [2.7, 21.47], p <.001). Conclusion: During the pandemic, pregnancy and postpartum were associated with the presence of anxiety and depression. The main factor associated with postpartum depression was maternal age. These finding highlights the vulnerability of pregnant in front of the pandemic, in which psychological health and mental well-being are affected, not only during pregnancy, but also in the postpartum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During pregnancy, parents experiment emotions, thoughts, and behaviors related to their unborn child as precursors of attachment in the caretaker-infant dyad. The Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) is an instrument that has shown adequate psychometric properties to evaluate this construct in developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and concurrent validity of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale-Spanish version for Mexican women (MAAS-Spanish version). A sample of 142 women in their third trimester of pregnancy who received care in a tertiary hospital was selected. The full scale of the MAAS-Spanish version obtained a Cronbach alpha of.79. A significant negative correlation was found between the global MAAS-Spanish version score (r = -.23, p ≤.01) and the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised and depressive symptoms (r = -.36 , p ≤.01). The translated and adapted scale has adequate internal consistency and concurrent validity to measure this construct in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with hypertension in pregnant women through a comprehensive literature review. Methodology. A retrospective bibliographic investigation was conducted by searching for relevant information in both Spanish and English languages using databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Medline, NIH, and Elsevier. Results. A total of 33 articles were included in this research, covering various aspects including definitions, etiology, classification, risk factors, and laboratory examinations related to hypertension during pregnancy. Conclusions. Hypertension during pregnancy is a pathological condition that not only affects the mother but also poses risks to the fetus. The mortality rate among pregnant women with hypertension is estimated at 35%. Failure to timely detect and diagnose hypertension can result in complications such as hemorrhages, early placental detachment, spontaneous abortions, or preterm births, which may lead to maternal and fetal mortality. Biochemical markers and regular blood chemistry or urine analysis tests can aid in the diagnosis of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In family education, it should always be clear that adolescence and pregnancy should not coincide in society, because they can have negative effects on public health, due to the risks and challenges associated with them, with emphasis on hypertensive diseases. It is important to provide adolescents with sexual and reproductive health education and resources to prevent them. The objective of this research is to analyze nursing care for pregnant women with hypertension in the Manta and Cuba Libre ambulatory health centers. It is a qualitative, descriptive, observational study, which was useful to obtain a clear image of the situation of pregnant adolescents in the geographical area of the studied context, a survey was carried out on a sample of 40 pregnant women, the population of pregnant women who have an increased risk of hypertension. It was possible to implement a program with the participation and commitment of pregnant adolescents at risk; which constitutes a practical guide tool for the nursing professional, offering the essential resources for their care and the incorporation of the family in the gestation process, which allowed the identification of the medical and social care needs of pregnant adolescents, to strengthen policies public institutions to address this problem more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases in pregnant women are challenging, with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, so a cardio-obstetric team is recommended for their care. Even so, little data evaluates the impact of these teams. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the obstetric, maternal, and neonatal outcomes of semi-structured follow-up (SSF) in a Cardio-obstetric clinic concerning regular or unstructured follow-up (USF) in pregnant women with heart disease. Methods: A prospective registry of pregnant women with heart disease was carried out. Patients with SSF by a cardio-obs-tetric team were compared with those with single evaluation or USF. The risk of events was calculated according to the modified World Health Organization (mWHO) classification and the CARPREG-II scale, and cardiac, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Results: One hundred sixty-eight patients were evaluated, 37 with SSF and 131 with single eva-luation (USF). The primary diagnoses were congenital heart disease, arrhythmias, and valve disease. The average CAR-PREG-II in USF patients was 2.48 (SD 2.3); in SSF patients, it was 3.37 (SD 2.45; p = 0.041). The average of the mWHO in patients with USF was 2.1 (SD 1.6), and with SSF, it was 2.65 (SD 0.95; p = 0.0052). There were no significant differences in primary cardiac outcomes (13.8% in USF vs. 5.4% in SSF; p = 0.134), secondary cardiac (5.3% in USF vs. 2.7% in SSF; p = 0.410), obstetric (10% in USF vs. 16.2% in SSF; p = 0.253) and neonatal (35.9% in USF and 40.5% in SSF; p = 0.486) even though patients with SSF had a higher risk than patients with USF according to the mWHO and CARPREG-II scales. Conclusions: In pregnant women with heart disease, an SSF compared with a USF by a cardio-obstetric team did not show statistically significant differences in cardiovascular, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes. However, patients with SSF had a significantly higher risk of adverse outcomes due to the mWHO and CARPREG-II scales. This result suggests that the SSF achieves at least equal outcomes despite the higher risk of adverse events that patients in this group had. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid from the omega-3 series that appears to be key to perinatal mental health. For this, the aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of DHA on maternal mental health during pregnancy and lactation with respect to depression and anxiety. The present scoping review was carried out following the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). The selection of studies was carried out in accordance with PRISMA by means of systematic searches in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Medline databases. The results classified according to the effectiveness of DHA. In most (n = 9) of the 14 studies finally included, DHA plasma levels with or without other polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids were significantly lower in pregnant women with depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, no study reported a beneficial effect of DHA on mental health during the postpartum period. The majority used detection method was the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (n = 11). The prevalence of depressive symptoms ranged between 5.9 % and 50 %. As a conclusion, although more research is needed in this area, these exploratory results suggest that DHA could play an important role in preventing the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety during gestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: infections of the female genital tract constitute an important health problem in medicine. Pregnancy is a predisposing factor for the acquisition and suffering of these infections. Objective: to characterize cervicovaginal pathogens in symptomatic pregnant women hospitalized from the second trimester onwards. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of the "Mariana Grajales" Hospital in the period from 2018 to 2019. The sample consisted of 86 symptomatic pregnant women hospitalized from the second trimester in the Perinatal Care Service. From the descriptive statistics, absolute numbers and percent and the two-stage clustering and cross-table technique were used within the subgroups obtained. Results: there was a predominance of positive results for pathogenic microorganisms in 58.13% of the samples studied, mainly Candida spp (19.76%) and Ureaplasma spp (44.19%). Their antibiotic resistance to tetracycline predominated in 26.32% of their detections, but not to erithromycin (5.26%). Of the 14 coinfections diagnosed, Ureaplasma spp. was present in 13 and of these, 6.98% were with Candida spp. Conclusions: there was a predominance of positive samples, with prevalence of Candida spp. and Ureaplasma spp, the latter resistant to tetracycline and sensitive to erythromycin and as the only integral microbiological diagnosis and in almost all positive diagnoses with coinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Framework: The pregnancy has recognized as a condition that increases susceptibility to becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 and developing COVID 19 in its most severe form, however little has been studied about the perception of risk regarding the disease in pregnant women. Research question/Goals: to analyze, from the perspective of anthropology and sociology of risk, the perception of the risk of COVID-19 during pregnancy in indigenous women. A qualitativeethnographic study was carried out in a Nahua indigenous community in north-central Mexico, in which ten women who lived through the experience of a pregnancy during the second and third wave of the pandemic were interviewed. The transcribed interviews were subjected to analysis from the Grounded Theory of Strauss and Corbin and triangulated with the observation records recorded in the field diary. Results: It was identified that the perception of risk becomes more complex depending on the social imaginaries that people have regarding reproduction and gender, which mainly contributes a construction of biological vulnerability, which is based on four axes: romanticization/demand of reproduction, the stigma built on the elderly around the disease, the real and symbolic distance from health services, and the invisibility of the risks that derive from gender demands within the domestic space. Final considerations: It is urgent to maintream intersectional perspective in health policies and strategies for risk containment, inequalities associated with ethnicity and gender are conditions that must be taken into account in risk communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]