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La glutamina, aminoácido “condicionalmente indispensable” tiene un rol clave en la respuesta del intestino delgado ante diferentes agresiones. Bajo ciertas condiciones de estrés clínico y quirúrgico ocurren cambios y atrofi a en la mucosa intestinal, originando diversos grados de desnutrición. Investigadores han demostrado que el intestino es el órgano de mayor actividad de la glutamina y que su epitelio es considerado como blanco en la captura de la glutamina; asignándole un papel especial en la recuperación del intestino delgado. Se revisaron los trabajos recientes sobre su utilidad en el área pediátrica, con énfasis en el metabolismo intestinal y nutrición. Concluyendo que la glutamina puede ser benefi ciosa y absolutamente necesaria durante las situaciones críticas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonic lipomas are benign tumors originating in mesenchymal tissue and are considered the second most common benign tumor in the colon after adenomatous polyps. They tend to affect women more; their most frequent location is the right colon. Generally, these lipomas do not exhibit symptoms, but when they reach a considerable size, they can cause manifestations. They can also result in complications such as obstruction, intussusception, and perforation. Since their radiological characteristics are similar to fat, they can be visualized using computed tomography. Still, the final diagnosis is made through colonoscopy, where a fatty mass with an oval shape and elastic capacity is observed. Lesions can be removed endoscopically or surgically. Spontaneous expulsion of a lipoma rectally is rare, and its mechanism is not yet fully understood. Although the literature establishes a cut-off point of 2 cm to decide between endoscopic or laparoscopic resection, the former is increasing and can extend this limit. Surgical resection is recommended in cases such as the one in this article. This case is the biggest reported colonic lipoma (13 cm) expelled spontaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study to determine variations in postprandial pH values along the gastrointestinal tract was performed among juveniles of Piaractus brachypomus (n = 21) and Schizodon fasciatus (n = 21) in rearing conditions. After fasting for 24 hours, the fish were fed three times a day to apparent satiety, with a mixed diet containing pelleted balanced food and chicken heart muscle (ratio 1:1). The evaluation was made before feeding and postprandial (eight hours), where the pH values of the stomach, in the anterior and in the middle portions of the intestine were estimated, using a pH electrode with a lancetype tip. Significant differences (p < 0.05) at the stomach and the middle portions of the intestine, according to the digestion time were observed in both species, while at the anterior portions of the intestine, only S. fasciatus showed significant differences (p < 0.05). In both species, an increase in stomach pH was observed in the first postprandial hour (2,39 to 4,78 in P. brachypomus, 4,47 to 4,73 in S. fasciatus), led by the effect of the ingested food, and the pH values were reduced at the end of the experiment. During the evaluation hours, intestinal pH values for P. brachypomus and S. fasciatus were between 6,68 and 7,47 and 6,86 and 7,60, respectively, increasing distally along the intestine. It is concluded that both species present a permanent stomach acidification, and that the anterior and middle portions of the intestine maintain a slightly neutral pH during digestion and assimilation of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal foods such as chicken, beef, fish and pork are in wide demand throughout the world due, among other things, to their nutritional value, associated with their high protein content. However, this type of protein is susceptible to oxidation reactions, which can mediate processes of fragmentation, aggregation, loss of solubility, functionality, and protein digestibility, which are events involved in the loss of their nutritional value. In this sense, aggregated proteins tend not to be digested in the gastrointestinal tract and accumulate in the intestine (colon), where the colonic microbiota degrades them into mutagenic products such as phenol and p-cresol, which increases the risk of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, the oxidized amino acids or peptides released in digestion could be incorporated into intestinal cell signaling pathways and favor or exacerbate chronic intestinal processes such as irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease. Due to the great interest in this topic in recent years, the objective of this review is to provide a general overview of the impact of oxidized proteins of animal origin on intestinal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Megalopyge opercularis (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Megalopyridae) is a nocturnal moth of medical importance because it causes adverse immunological reactions in humans. In this study, we determined the microbiota composition of M. opercularis at the larval (caterpillars) and adult (moths) stages by next-generation sequencing. DNA was extracted from the caterpillars and moths, and the 16S rRNA prokaryote gene was then amplified and sequenced with next-generation sequencing to assess bacterial richness. Comparison of the microbiota of the caterpillars and adults revealed variation in species composition and diversity. The microbiota of the caterpillars of M. opercularis was composed of 259 species, dominated by the families Geodermatophilaceae (12%), Propionibacteriaceae (10.41%), Clostridiaceae (9.63%), and Nitriliruptoraceae (7.72%). In the adult moths, we found 138 species, and the most abundant families were Nostocaceae (24%) and Methylobacteriaceae (21%). Species richness in M. opercularis was higher in the caterpillars compared to adults. We determined that only some groups of bacteria could persist from 1 stage to another. The results obtained are essential to know about the ecology of M. opercularis and contribute to our understanding of the impact that microorganisms have on the physiological mechanisms of poisonous lepidopterans. Megalopyge opercularis (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Megalopyridae) es una especie de polilla nocturna perteneciente a la familia Megalopyridae de importancia médica debido a las reacciones inmunológicas causadas en humanos por sustancias urticantes ubicadas en sus estructuras espinosas. En este estudio, determinamos el microbioma de M. opercularis en su estado larval y en su estado adulto. Se extrajo el ADN de larvas y adultos y se amplificó el gen rRNA 16S mediante tecnologías de secuenciación de nueva generación. Las comparaciones del microbioma larval contra el microbioma adulto revelaron variación tanto en la composición como en la diversidad de especie. El microbioma larval de M. opercularis está compuesto de 259 especies, dominado por las familias Geodermatophilaceae (12%), Propionibacteriaceae (10.41%), Clostridiaceae (9.63%), y Nitriliruptoraceae (7.72%). En el microbioma adulto encontramos 138 espcies, las familias más abundantes fueron Nostocaceae (24%) y Methylobacteriaceae (21%). La riqueza de especies encontradas en M. opercularis fue mayor en las orugas en comparación con los adultos. Determinamos que solo algunos grupos de bacterias podían persistir de una etapa a otra. Los resultados obtenidos son importantes para conocer la ecología de esta polilla y contribuyen a comprender el impacto que tienen los microorganismos en los mecanismos fisiológicos de los lepidópteros venenosos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) are oligosaccharides composed of fructose units with a terminal glucose, featuring ß linkages that are resistant to animal hydrolysis, resulting in their availability as selective substrates for the intestinal microbiota. scFOS have become highly valuable biotechnological compounds for the animal nutrition industry, aiming to modulate intestinal microbial populations to enhance intestinal health and productivity. Objective. Evaluate the use of increasing doses of scFOS supplementation on the productivity and morphological development of the intestine in broiler chickens. Methods: Two hundred one-day-old Ross AP chickens were homogenized and randomized following a completely random design with five repetitions of five treatments: D1: basal diet (BD) without scFOS inclusion, D2: BD + 700 g/ton of scFOS, D3: BD + 1050 g/ton of scFOS, D4: BD + 1400 g/ton of scFOS, and D5: BD + 1750 g/ton of scFOS. The experimental period lasted for 42 days, during which the animals received the treatments consistently. At the end of the experimental period, productive parameters were evaluated, and jejunal samples were taken to assess morphometric variables. Statistical analysis was conducted using generalized linear models and ANOVA with Tukey's mean comparison in the Rstudio program. Results and Discussion: Productive variables such as live weight and productivity index showed a significant linear effect (P<0.05) of the scFOS dose. The 1400 g/ton dose (D4) presenting the best productivity results. Regarding jejunal morphological development, treatment D5 significantly (P<0.05) exhibited the longest intestinal villi, while the villus-to-crypt ratio was mostly increased (P<0.05) by the 1050 g/ton dose (D3) of scFOS. Conclusion: The inclusion of scFOS in broiler chicken feed at doses ranging from 700 to 1750 g/ton improves productivity and morphological development, with a greater beneficial impact on productive outcomes at the 1400 g/ton dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOSsc), such as kestose, nystose, and fructofuranosylnystose, are oligosaccharides composed of fructose units with a terminal glucose that presents non-hydrolyzable ß-type linkages by the animal. This leads to their availability as selective substrates for the intestinal microbiota, stimulating the proliferation of beneficial bacterial genera such as Bifidobacterium spp, Lactobacillus spp, Akkermansia spp, Butyrivibrio spp, Butyricicoccus spp, and Coprococcus spp, while competitively inhibiting others like Escherichia coli. This eubiotic property has turned FOSsc into a biotechnological tool of great necessity in current diets based on corn and soybean cake used in broiler chickens and commercial hens. Objective: To provide an introduction to the studies and experiences of Promitec Santander regarding the use of short-chain fructooligosaccharides as a biotechnological additive generated through enzymatic hydrolysis, on the intestinal health of broiler chickens. Methods: For this work, a process of collection, tabulation, and analysis of results from experimental and field trials conducted by Promitec Santander on the effect of FOSsc on different variables of intestinal health and their relationship with intestinal microbial communities was carried out. Results and Discussion: The use of FOSsc positively impacts intestinal health by improving the expression of brush border enzymes in different segments of the small intestine. Additionally, at the microbial community level, stimulation of lactic acid bacteria evaluated by culture techniques is observed. At the microbiota level, these compounds increase the abundance of taxa associated with short-chain fatty acid production. This has been reflected in the improvement of productive parameters such as weight gain and feed conversion in broiler chickens. Conclusion: The use of FOSsc in broiler chicken diets is proposed as a necessary tool to stimulate the development of intestinal microbial communities to stages that promote intestinal health and broiler chicken productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pig production in Colombia is a dynamic and growing industry of great importance within the country's livestock sector. Among the significant challenges of current pig farming is maintaining intestinal health throughout the various productive stages of the animals, while also being responsible for environmental and public health. The guidelines of the United Nations' One Health program encourage interdisciplinary collaboration for the care of human, animal, and environmental health in support of public health. Therefore, current pig production systems must integrate new production dynamics while maintaining productivity and profitability. Objective: To provide an introduction to the studies and experiences of Promitec Santander regarding the use of different nutraceutical additives to improve the productive health of animals with a focus on replacing food compounds with impacts on public health. Methods: For this work, a process of collection, tabulation, and analysis of results from five experimental and field trials conducted by Promitec Santander on the ability of different biotechnological additives as a Lippia origanoides essential oils to modulate intestinal health and improve productive yields in pigs during different stages of their life cycle was carried out. Results and Discussion: The use of natural biotechnologically based nutraceutical additives has shown the ability to improve productivity and animal health at different moments of the production cycle. This has allowed for pig rearing without the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in both experimental settings and commercial breeding farms, additionally resulting in reductions in mortality and the use of antibiotic treatments in animals. Conclusion: The use of these biotechnological compounds serves as an important tool for farms to adapt to new global trends while maintaining productivity and profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diarrhea caused by severe acute gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of infant mortality in children under 5 years of age. Therefore, it is interesting to perform a preclinical and clinical validation of the efficacy of B. longum subsp. infantis IM-1® against various gastrointestinal pathogens. B. infantis IM-1® was evaluated against different gastrointestinal pathogens that cause diarrhea in infants, using in vitro models, animal models, and clinical studies. B. infantis IM-1® is able in an in vitro model of MA-104 and HT-29 cells to inhibit rotavirus replication (up to 36.05%) as well as to protect cells from infection due to rotavirus (up to 48.50 %). An 11-amino acid peptide (MHQPHQPLPPT) with a molecular mass of 1,282 KDa produced by this probiotic with antirotaviral capacity has been identified. In a murine model, the IM-1® strain has been shown to provide in vivo protection against rotavirus infection. In adhesion experiments with HT29, IM-1® was able to displace some pathogens from the enterocyte, especially Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica, and prevent the adhesion of C. sakazakii and Shigella sonnei. In a clinical study with 190 babies under 3 months of age, IM-1® reduced episodes of diarrhea, being safe, well tolerated and associated with a lower prevalence of constipation. B. infantis IM-1® is a safe, well tolerated and effective probiotic in reducing episodes of diarrhea caused by the main gastrointestinal pathogens in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal bacteria form a complex ecosystem and play an important role in the maintenance of host homeostasis. Serious interventions can sometimes lead to the degradation of this ecosystem, such as through disease and / or the use of antibiotics. This report aims to demonstrate the use of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (TMF) as an adjuvant therapy in two cases of chronic diarrhea refractory to conventional therapy in two canines under one year old. After having presented hemorrhagic gastroenteritis secondary to parvovirus, despite clinical improvement and discharge, both remained with soft stools and difficulty in gaining weight. Were treated with four antimicrobials without improvement, diarrhea ceased after treatments with TMF. It is concluded that, as in other species, TMF may have assisted in the resolution of clinical signs of the patient and may be used as adjuvant in conventional supportive therapy in the treatment of chronic diarrhea in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and intestinal biometry of Japanese quails fed levels of corn distillery dry grain (DDG) in the rearing phase. A total of 660 Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications, with 22 quails per experimental unit during 20 days of experimentation. The treatments used were diet with 0% (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20% of corn DDG inclusion. The variables evaluated were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and intestinal biometry. Data were analyzed using the linear and quadratic regression model at 5% probability and Dunnett's test at 5% probability. The use of corn DDG showed a difference (P<0.05) for feed intake, and the inclusion level of 9.51% of DDG maximized this parameter. There were no differences (P>0.05) for weight gain and feed conversion. For intestinal biometry there was difference (P<0.05) only for jejunum and ileum length. In conclusion, it is recommended to include corn DDG in diets of Japanese quails in the rearing phase up to 10.1% without causing damage to performance parameters and intestinal biometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of lavender essential oil and bacitracin methylene disalicylate antibiotics on performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters, small intestinal tissue morphology and intestinal microbial population in Japanese quails, a study was performed on 400 pieces of Japanese quail per day. The treatments included the group consuming the basic diet without any additives as (control) and the antibiotic bacitracin (0.25g.kg) and 3 levels (150, 200 and 250 ppm) of lavender essential oil per kg of feed in form of completely randomized design with 4 replications and 20 birds (male and female) quail per each replication. In this experiment the daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, final live weight, relative carcass weight, breast, thigh, gingival, liver, some blood parameters, intestinal tissue morphology and small intestinal microbial population were examined. The results showed that the use of lavender essential oil and bacitracin antibiotics increased the daily feed intake of quails. The results of different weeks of the experimental period showed an increase in daily weight in quails consuming lavender essential oil and antibiotics compared to the control group. In addition, in general, the feed conversion ratio using essential oils and antibiotics decreased compared to the control group during different breeding periods. The results show a slight decrease in the relative percentage of body weight, liver and an increase in the weight percentage of empty breasts, thighs and carcasses of the studied quails under the influence of lavender essential oils and antibiotics. The Serum albumin levels of quails increased significantly under the influence of experimental diet (P=0.05). The highest serum globulin level was affected by the use of lavender essential oil with antibiotics at the level of 250 ppm (P=0.05). The results also showed that the serum level of HDL increased under the influence of essential oil in the diet (P=0.05). Additionally the serum triglyceride and LDL levels decreased due to lavender essential oil consumption (P=0.05). Intestinal tissue morphology showed that there was no statistically significant difference in changes in width, length, height and intestinal mucosal muscle in the studied quails. The Ecoli colonies decreased and the number of Lactobacillus bacterial colonies increased (P=0.05). In general, the results obtained from this study showed the usefulness of using lavender by-products and antibiotics of bacitracin on performance, some carcass traits and blood and morphological parameters of intestinal tissue in experimental quails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We constructed a scoping review of alimentary tract duplications in cats to overview its occurrence. Inclusion criteria were determined by reviewing case reports on histologically confirmed gastrointestinal duplications, including one case description of a cat diagnosed with a duodenal duplication cyst at our institution. Thirteen gastrointestinal duplication cases were analyzed, being that one animal had a bi-focal duplication, totalizing fourteen duplications. Variables considered were age, sex, breed, presenting features, anatomic location, morphology, presence of luminal communication, malignant transformation, and recurrence. About 62% (n= 8/13) of cats affected were between 4 months to 2 years old. No sex predisposition was observed and breed and presenting features were variable. Duodenal duplications corresponded to 36% (n= 5/14). Cystic duplications with no lumen communication accounted for 93% (n= 13/14). One duplication was neoplastic and recurrence rate of gastrointestinal duplications amongst cats was 15% (n= 2/13). Progression to obstruction, bleeding and malignant transformation have been described in humans and cats due to gastrointestinal duplications. Considering the importance and the diagnostic challenge of this affection, we concluded that the small animal practitioner should not overlook alimentary tract duplications in the differential diagnosis of young cats with chronic vomiting and cystic intestinal masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercising is one of the greatest benefits for the health. However, at a systemic level it can be harmful depending on the intensity degree with which the athletes practice. The high-resistance training involves exhaustive training that can result in gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic manifestations occur such as the triggering of the inflammatory process, progression of oxidative stress and gut microbiota modification. Currently, athletes consume commercial products to counteract these effects. However, there are natural therapeutic alternatives such as the consumption of sources rich in dietary fiber and polyphenols. The use of these sources can improve the symptoms presented by reducing systemic oxidative processes, improving intestinal protection and increasing sports performance. This review it focuses on the systemic mechanisms modifiable by the high-resistance training and the consumption of natural sources as fiber and polyphenolic compounds a therapeutic alternative to reduce intestinal symptoms and negative systemic processes in the athlete and favor naturally their gut health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ornamental Angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare) is one of the main commercialized species from South America, with an important number of national and international dealers. Objective: To make a histological and morphometric description of P. scalare digestive tract. Methods: Nineteen adult individuals were used. Intestinal coefficient values were obtained, and a macroscopic and microscopic description of esophagus, stomach, and intestine (anterior, middle and posterior) was carried out. Samples were processed for paraffin embedding, and 5 µm sections were stained with H&E and P.A.S. Positive P.A.S. cells were counted. Lumen area and tissue area were measured in representative digitalized sections from each region. Results: P. scalare exhibited a short esophagus, followed by a blind bag shaped, scarcely muscular stomach, and a short intestine (intestinal coefficient 1.66 +/- 0.52). Four constitutive tissue layers were identified: mucosa, submucosa, muscular and in some areas also a serosa layer. Esophagus exhibit abundant globet P.A.S. + cells and shows the larger tisular area was observed. Luminal area and perimeter are larger in anterior intestinal region. Conclusions: the intestinal coefficient value (1.66 +/- 0.52), and the histological and morphometric characteristics of the evaluated organs, suggest that P. scalare is omnivorous with soft prey preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays various kinds of functional foods, including probiotics and prebiotics, are tested for immunological modulation or activation of the gastrointestinal functions in rodent models as the first-step experiment towards the human study. Generally, these foodstuffs are expected to influence the host functions through the compounds metabolized by the intestinal microbes or the microbes themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of the Golden kingklip (Genypterus blacodes) as an alternative to the production of salmonid species for worldwide diversification of aquaculture this study researched the morpho-histology of the digestive canal, providing a uniform nomenclature and basic information to support their nutritional management in captive conditions. The objective was to describe the normal morphology of the digestive canal. Twelve wild specimens were collected and dissected. Samples of the esophagus, stomach, liver, pyloric blind and intestines were obtained. An anatomical and histological description was performed. The digestive canal presented a short tubular esophagus, a slightly dilated, J-shaped stomach and thick walls. The stomach had a cardiac region that ended in a pyloric sphincter from which the intestine of thin walls. The intestine presented an anterior, middle and posterior segment. The anterior region of the first segment of the middle intestine presented 4-5 pairs of pyloric cecum. The middle intestine represented approximately 30 % of the total length of the digestive canal, with a smaller diameter compared to the first segment. The posterior intestine was separated from the middle intestine by a thick and powerful sphincter. The liver was large and elongated, and located in the peritoneal cavity located to the left plane and ventral to the swim bladder. The gallbladder was located lateral to the hepatic anterior wolf. The bile duct led to the duodenal region of the anterior intestine. Ventrally, the rectum ended in the anus, located in front of the anal fin. In general, the histological structures were variable according to the segment studied, a mucous tunic was recognized that presented a simple columnar epithelium, a lamina propria composed of loose connective tissue, a muscular layer of the mucosa composed of smooth muscle tissue and a submucosal layer composed of loose connective tissue, a circular and longitudinal stratum of muscular tunic, which had striated musculature and an adventitial tunic composed of a simple squamous epithelium. In conclusion, Golden kingklip (Genypterus blacodes) presents a digestive system typical of a carnivorous benthic fish adapted to feed on fish and crustaceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverticular disease is the most common bowel disease after the age of 40 years. It is the most common finding in elective endoscopic procedures, and it has great relevance because of its broad manifestations which lead to frequent emergency service consultations. On the other hand, the prevalence of diverticulosis of the small intestine ranges from 2% to 5%. Clinical presentations such as bleeding, obstructions, abdominal pain, perforations, formation of abscesses and fistulas are usually more florid when they affect the colon. We present the case of an elderly emergency room patient with acute abdomen secondary to generalized peritonitis due to intestinal perforation caused by diverticular disease of the jejunum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: a nivel mundial‚ la comercialización de peces ornamentales involucra más de 4000 especies de agua dulce‚ conllevando un alto riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades principalmente parasitarias siendo una de las causas más comunes de mortalidad. En el abordaje esta patología en organismos acuáticos de ornato es fundamental el uso de métodos precisos en el reconocimiento de agentes causales para el abordaje de brotes o mortalidades y detección de individuos portadores asintomáticos que representan riesgo para la producción; adicionalmente es indispensable la identificación de parámetros como disponibilidad de espacio‚ alimento‚ factores fisicoquímicos medioambientales anormales y características propias de la especie que permitan la proliferación parasitaria. Anamnesis y hallazgos clínicos: se describe el caso de una explotación de peces ornamentales del género Symphysodon aproximadamente 3000 individuos juveniles (45 - 60 días de edad) con historia de cuadro clínico de 15 días de evolución se evidenció hiperpigmentación cutánea‚ periodos de inapetencia prolongados‚ algunos individuos con distensión abdominal. Ayudas diagnósticas: sacrificio de algunos individuos por separación espinal‚ disección tisular y montaje en fresco de cortes de branquia‚ hay evidencia por índice de refracción en microscopia óptica convencional de parásitos de la especie Sciadicleithrum‚ la identificación de fauna helmintológica en montaje de moco y contenido intestinal de los peces estuvo conformada por varias especies de parásitos; se evidenciaron huevos‚ estadios larvales e individuos adultos del cestodo Schyzocotyle acheilognathi‚ larvas y huevos del nematodo Capillaria sp. y múltiples individuos del género Protoopalina. Los hallazgos parasitológicos permitieron una adecuada correlación clínicopatológica y la instauración de un plan terapéutico adecuado. Conclusiones: se requiere la identificación de agentes causales de patologías parasitarias en peces ornamentales‚ la comercialización de peces vivos se relaciona directamente con el potencial de movimiento de patógenos que pueden convertirse en nuevas fuentes de infección en regiones geográficas especificas o en explotaciones nativas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To present and describe a feedback technique in children with ileostomy that allows to increase the growth curve and decrease anastomotic dehiscence and postoperative dermatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present 7 patients with ileostomy, treated with the refeeding technique during 2014 in the ColorectalCenter. We review why the derivation was performed, the age and the weight when the refeeding was begun, the weight gained, how long the refeeding was carried out, the macroscopic findings during the ileostomy closure and the outcome. RESULTS: Four patients had intestinal atresia, 1 patient was suspected of Hirschsprung's disease, one had necrotizing enterocolitis and another had an intestinal intussusception with intestinal damage. The refeeding was begun at 5 months old on average and with 4.4kg on average. The weight gain was 0.7kg per month on average (range 0.36- 1.4kg per month). We found no disproportion between the bowel segments. There was neither anastomotic dehiscence nor postoperative perianal dermatitis. After 2 years of follow-up, 6 patients have normal weight curve and normal height curve for their age. CONCLUSIONS: The refeeding is an easy, safe and inexpensive technique to increase the patient weight gain, to prevent the atrophy of the intestinal segment, to reduce fluid and electrolyte loss and to prepare the bowel for the future intestinal anastomosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mucosal tissue possesses a very particular immunity, since it is constantly in contact with microorganisms and antigens derived from diet, by which is initiated an immune response; however, this response is controlled by the immune system altogether with the gut epithelium, thus achieving immunological tolerance. To establish the intestinal homeostasis the microbiota participation it's also required, which helps to maintain the gut epithelium integrity and an adequate intestinal immune response against pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) is used in medicine for diagnosis and guidance during oncologic surgery. The aims of this study were to assess the performance, feasibility, advantages and difficulties of the IOUS technique in dogs with suspected intra-abdominal tumors. The study included nine client-owed dogs that had suspected intra-abdominal tumors (spleen, liver or bowel) based on transabdominal ultrasound examination and that were subsequently referred for exploratory laparotomy surgery. During surgery, IOUS was performed; results of preoperative transabdominal ultrasonography, inspection by the surgeon and IOUS were compared on a case-by-case basis. IOUS was helpful in determining lesion resection in all cases. Lesions detected solely by the use of IOUS were observed in seven out of nine cases. Analysis of these cases demonstrated that IOUS can be a tool to assist during oncology surgery on the liver, spleen or bowel. Dogs with hepatic tumors can have small nonp-alpable intraparenchymal nodules, which may be visible by IOUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis and is often associated with lesions in the respiratory and central nervous systems in dogs. However, the involvement of the gastrointestinal system in this fungal infection is rare. This study reports a case of intestinal cryptococcosis in a 4-year-old male Boxer dog with a history of emesis and bloody diarrhea for five days. His physical examination revealed abdominal pain and a firm structure in the mesogastric region. After an ultrasound examination suggested intussusception, exploratory celiotomy was performed, and a 5cm mass was visualized on the wall of the jejunum, which was subsequently removed by an enterectomy and sent for histopathological analysis. Macroscopically, the mass presented a gelatinous aspect, with a compact cut surface and cream shade. On histopathological examination, multiple leveduriform structures, round or ovoid, surrounded by a thick capsule, and discrete, diffuse mononuclear inflammatory processes were observed. Schiff's periodic acid staining confirmed the infection with a fungus of the genus Cryptococcus. It was not possible to continue the investigation because the owner did not return to the service. It is suggested that the entry point of cryptococcosis was through the ingestion of dehydrated yeast or through extensive jejunal ulceration, as it can be found in the small intestine of both healthy dogs and those with chronic enteropathy. Therefore, although intestinal cryptococcosis in dogs is rare, it is recommended to include it as a differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal lesions without the clinical involvement of other systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron is an essential trace element which plays an important role in process of metabolism and the function of the tissues. However, the effects of boron on the intestinal cells in African ostrich chicks are poorly reported. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the role of boron on proliferation and apoptosis of the intestinal cells. A total of 36, ten day-old ostrich chicks were randomly divided into six groups and fed on the same basal diet supplemented with 0, 40, 80, 160, 320 and 640 mg/L boric acid in drinking water for 80 days. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was used to test the proliferation index of intestine in different group by immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Apoptotic cells of intestine were detected by Dutp-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) reaction and evaluated by integral optical density (IOD). Results showed that proliferation of intestinal cells significantly increased in groups of 80, 160, 320 and 640 mg/L. TUNEL reaction showed that apoptosis significantly decreased in 80 mg/L groups, while significantly increased in high dose of boron groups (320 and 640 mg/L), especially in epithelium. In conclusion, low dose of boron-supplemented water could promote cell proliferation and depress apoptosis, while high dose of boron could cause intestinal apoptosis and thus we found increased proliferation of intestine cell as a compensatory adaption. These findings may support optimal dosage of boron that could protect the development of ostrich intestine, while high dosage of boron could suppress it, or even has toxic effects on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by intolerance to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. In gluten consumption and genetic susceptibility is also needed immunological and environmental factors for the disease are expressed. Considering the CD a serious illness, underdiagnosed and little knowledge of the population, the aim of this study was to describe systematically the disease, and the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. The spectrum of presentation of CD is varied. It occurs from the classical form to the atypical forms, silent, latent, refractory may present at any age. The diagnosis of CD is based on detailed history, associated with clinical examination and serology confirmed by endoscopic biopsy of duodenal and jejunal mucosa reveals atrophied villi, crypts stretching and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. The treatment of celiac disease basically consists of the gluten-free diet in order to control the classic signs and symptoms of disease and to prevent the development of malignant neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by intolerance to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. In gluten consumption and genetic susceptibility is also needed immunological and environmental factors for the disease are expressed. Considering the CD a serious illness, underdiagnosed and little knowledge of the population, the aim of this study was to describe systematically the disease, and the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. The spectrum of presentation of CD is varied. It occurs from the classical form to the atypical forms, silent, latent, refractory may present at any age. The diagnosis of CD is based on detailed history, associated with clinical examination and serology confirmed by endoscopic biopsy of duodenal and jejunal mucosa reveals atrophied villi, crypts stretching and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. The treatment of celiac disease basically consists of the gluten-free diet in order to control the classic signs and symptoms of disease and to prevent the development of malignant neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Neotropical catfish Corydoras paleatus is a facultative air-breather and the caudal half of the intestine is involved in gas exchange. In South America, air-breathing fishes are found in tropical or sub-tropical freshwaters where the probability of hypoxia is high. The aim of this study was to characterize by traditional histochemical and lectinhistochemical methods the pattern of carbohydrate in the intestinal mucosa. Intestine samples were taken from 25 healthy adult specimens collected in Buenos Aires (Argentina). Samples were fixed by immersion in 10 % buffered formalin and routinely processed and embedded in paraffin wax. Subsequently, these sections were incubated in the biotinylated lectins battery. Labeled Streptavidin-Biotin (LSAB) system was used for detection, diaminobenzidine as chromogen and haematoxylin as a contrast. To locate and distinguish glycoconjugates (GCs) of the globet cells, we used the following histochemical methods: PAS; PAS*S; KOH/ PA*S; PA/Bh/KOH/PAS; KOH/PA*/Bh/PAS; Alcian Blue and Toluidine Blue at different pHs. Microscopically, the general structure of vertebrate intestine was observed and showed all the cell types characteristic of the intestinal epithelium. The cranial sector of catfish intestine is a site of digestion and absorption and its structure is similar to other fish groups. In contrast, enterocytes of the caudal portion are low cuboidal cells; and between these, globet cells and capillaries are observed, these latter may reach the mucosal lumen. Underlying the epithelium, observed a well-developed lamina propria-submucosa made of connective tissue; this layer was highly vascularized and did not exhibit glands. According to histochemistry, the diverse GCs elaborated and secreted in the intestine are associated with specific functions in relation to their physiological significance, with special reference to their role in lubrication, buffering effect and prevention of proteolytic damage to the epithelium together with other biological processes, such as osmoregulation and ion exchange. The lectinhistochemical analysis of the intestinal mucosa reveals the presence of terminal residues of glucose, mannose and galactose. In conclusion, this study has shown that GCs synthesized in the intestine of C. paleatus exhibit a high level of histochemical complexity and that the lectin binding pattern of the intestinal mucosa is characteristic of each species and the variations are related with the multiple functions performed by the mucus in the digestive tract. The information generated here may be a relevant biological tool for comparing and analyzing the possible glycosidic changes in the intestinal mucus under different conditions, such as changes in diet or different pathological stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea cucumbers have an important ecological role in the marine environment because they are able to process organic and inorganic matter, which contributes to the oxygenation and energy transfer in the ecosystem. In general, there is a lack of knowledge on the basic morphology of native species of sea cucumber and the function of vital organs. The aim of this study was to describe the histology of the digestive tract (DT) of three species of holothuroids from Rodadero Bay, Colombia. Thirty specimens of Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus sp. and Stichopus hermanni were obtained and sacrificed by hypothermia. In the laboratory, sections of foregut, midgut and hindgut were obtained and fixed in formalin (10%) for later conventional histological processes; besides, some samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde (3%) for their inclusion in resins and studies in high resolution and electron microscopy. For the studied species, the DT is long, folded, and is distributed in the coelomic cavity; it has at least twice the length of the sea cucumber body. The DT presents villi lined by a columnar pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, which rests on a basement membrane and a layer of collagen fibers. Four types of cells were identified: coelocmocytes, brown cells, enterocytes and mucous cells, and the spicules were evident throughout the digestive tract tissue. Light microscopy showed elongated inclusions of calcareous formation located essentially in the hindgut, "the psamoma bodies". We observed granular mucous cells with an apical surface with numerous microvilli. The histology of the DT of I. badionotus, Isostichopus sp. and S. hermanni were found to be similar, but we found differences (p<0.05) in the thickness of the intestinal submucosa tissue, which can be tied to specific feeding habits of each species. Characterization of the morphohistology of the digestive tract of sea cucumber is a useful tool to understand their feeding physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increase in population life expectancy, combined with the unlimited growth of health costs, the company needs to address new challenges through the development of new scientific knowledge leading to major changes in the lifestyle of people. With this, they have sought alternative therapies aimed at preventing the onset of diseases or improve existing medical conditions. In recent years, attention has turned to functional probiotics and prebiotics foods that act on the balance of intestinal flora. It is known that the microflora plays an intense metabolic activity that allows you to maintain a symbiotic relationship or commensalism that is extremely beneficial to the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: to the best of our knowledge, the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli on goblet cells and intestinal mucin secretion of weaned pigs has not been reported, and it is unknown whether these effects could trigger enteritis. Objective: to determine the effect of E. coli LPS on intestinal mucin secretion in weaning piglets. Methods: fifty-two piglets weaned at 21 days of age were fed a basal diet supplemented with four LPS levels (0.0, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/mg) during 10 days. Piglets were slaughtered on days 1, 5, 7, and 10 post-weaning and samples of small and large intestine were taken for histochemical staining to determine goblet cell population and type of mucins produced (acidic, sulphated, non-sulphated, or neutral). Results: acidic mucin was reduced on day 5 post-weaning independently of the dietary LPS level supplied to piglets. Recovery of acidic mucins was observed during days 7 and 10 post-weaning. Neutral mucins increased on day 5 and decreased on days 7 and 10 post-weaning. High LPS levels decreased goblet cells population and secretion of all types of mucins. This effect was remarkably high for diet two (D2: 0.5 mg LPS/mg food). Conclusions: early weaning (21 d) and LPS addition to the diet affect mucin secretion and intestinal epithelium integrity by modifying goblet cell populations and their balance between acidic and neutral mucin secretion. These findings explain some abnormalities related with post-weaning diarrhea syndrome and help to explain its pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: to the best of our knowledge, the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli on goblet cells and intestinal mucin secretion of weaned pigs has not been reported, and it is unknown whether these effects could trigger enteritis. Objective: to determine the effect of E. coli LPS on intestinal mucin secretion in weaning piglets. Methods: fifty-two piglets weaned at 21 days of age were fed a basal diet supplemented with four LPS levels (0.0, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/mg) during 10 days. Piglets were slaughtered on days 1, 5, 7, and 10 post-weaning and samples of small and large intestine were taken for histochemical staining to determine goblet cell population and type of mucins produced (acidic, sulphated, non-sulphated, or neutral). Results: acidic mucin was reduced on day 5 post-weaning independently of the dietary LPS level supplied to piglets. Recovery of acidic mucins was observed during days 7 and 10post-weaning. Neutral mucins increased on day 5 and decreased on days 7 and 10 post-weaning. High LPS levels decreased goblet cells population and secretion of all types of mucins. This effect was remarkably high for diet two (D2: 0.5 mg LPS/mg food). Conclusions: early weaning (21 d) and LPS addition to the diet affect mucin secretion and intestinal epithelium integrity by modifying goblet cell populations and their balance between acidic and neutral mucin secretion. These findings explain some abnormalities related with post-weaning diarrhea syndrome and help to explain its pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal explants are a useful model for toxicological and pathological studies, but the maintenance of tissue viability for longer periods of incubation remains challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on the viability of intestinal explants. Jejunal explants were obtained from 24- and 42-day-old piglets. The explants were incubated for two or four hours and were then processed for histological analysis. The explants from younger pigs showed minor histological changes, as assessed by histological and morphometrical scores. Explants from 24-day-old pigs were incubated for four hours and subjected to ultrastructural analysis to assess cell integrity. The plasma membranes, nuclei and organelles of enterocytes were well preserved, and adsorptive endocytosis was observed. In conclusion, the data indicate that the age of the donor influences explant viability. The intestinal morphology of incubated explants from young donors was better preserved than that of explants from older piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digestive tracts of insects may indicate life history and phylogenetic relationships among different species. Phasmatodea are chewing herbivores with an elongated body shape, which camouflages them on the vegetation on which they feed. This work evaluated the gut structure of the walking stick insect, Cladomorphus phyllinus (Gray 1835) (Phasmatoidea: Phasmidae), with light and scanning electron microscopy. The digestive tract of C. phillynus is an elongated tube with minimal external anatomical differences along its length. There is a short gastric caeca-like structure in the posterior midgut. The crop is an extensively folded storage organ and the proventriculus is covered by a thick cuticle with spine-like projections, which play a role in grinding food. The midgut has 2 anatomical regions probably involved in digestion and absorption of nutrients. The epithelial cells of the anterior midgut have bubbles of apocrine secretion, while the posterior midgut cells have a striated border. Gastric caecae-like projections are found in the posterior midgut. They are enlarged close to the midgut wall, and follow a thin and long filament, which is free in the body cavity. The epithelial cells lining the gastric caecaelike projections are cuboidal with well development striated borders, suggesting involvement in nutrient absorption. The hindgut is divided in an ileum and a rectum. The ileum epithelial cells are covered by cuticle and have cytological traits characteristic of electrolyte and water absorption. The rectum epithelial cells have no obvious absorptive features, but the rectal pads may be involved in water and electrolyte reabsorption. This work reinforces the concept that the anatomy of gut is related to the diet and body shape, and shows that the general pattern of compartmentalization of digestion in insects was maintained in Phasmatodea, but that it differs from other Orthopteroidea in some aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the replacement of bread yeast by soybean meal in diets for Rhamdia quelen larvae on growth, survival, and intestinal morphology were analysed. Larvae were fed for 20 days with five diets: a control diet formulated with 57% of bread yeast, and other four diets in which soybean meal at concentrations of 14.25, 28.5, 42.75 and 57% was added to obtain 25, 50, 75 and 100% of bread yeast replacement. Growth and survival parameters were negatively affected by dietary soybean meal inclusion. Larvae fed control diet showed significantly higher mean weight, specific growth rate, final biomass, and survival rate than larvae from other treatments. Enterocyte height and fold width of the posterior intestine showed highest values in the control group, and an inverse linear relationship with the level of dietary soybean meal inclusion was observed, however, in the anterior intestine the morphology parameters were not affected by the diet. These results indicate that inclusion of soybean meal in diets for R. quelen larvae negatively affects growth and survival, as well as the capacity for digestion and absorption of nutrients, mainly in the posterior intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lung and gut morphometry in both natural and experimental Peste de petit ruminant (PPR) virus which are scanty in literature hence the need for this study. The goats that were submitted for necropsy in the Department of Veterinary Pathology University of Ibadan between 2009 and 2010 and the gross pathological diagnosis were PPR were enrolled in this study. The degree of pneumonia as a percentage of the total lung volume was estimated using standard methods. The gut morphometry of goats experimentally infected with PPR virus was also used. Student "T" test was used for the test of significance in evaluating the effect of age, sex and the lung consolidation pattern in natural PPR and analysis of the gut morphometry. Complicated PPR had significant higher pulmonary consolidation when compared with the uncomplicated PPR (p< 0.05). The pulmonary consolidation was significantly higher on the right lung with a mean percentage value of 6.54 than the left lung (p< 0.05). The caudal lobe was more consolidated than the cranial and middle lobes in natural PPR. The pulmonary consolidation was more in goats less than a year, while the buck had a significantly higher pulmonary consolidation than the does (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean length of the villi and width of the villi of PPR virus infected goats when compared to the control, however a significant difference was observed in the cryptal depth (p< 0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean villi length and cryptal depth of goats with complicated PPR (Mannheimia hemolytica) infected goats (p< 0.05) relative to the control. From this study, it showed that most natural PPR were complicated with bacteria and this complication may have contributed to the fatality associated with PPR especially those caused by lineage 1 viruses. This study also showed that secondary bacterial involvement in course of PPR affect the gut morphometry and that could account for the severity of intestinal lesion commonly observed with field PPR in Nigerian goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study compared some morphometric parameters of the digestive tract of four teleosts with different feeding habits: traira (Hoplias malabaricus, carnivore), silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen, omnivore), hassar (Hoplosternum littorale, omnivore), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, herbivore). The digestive tract was removed from fish collected from nature and fixed for some morphometric analyses, such as: intestinal quotient, intestinal area quotient, vilosity height, digestive somatic index, and hepatosomatic index. Grass carp showed the highest values of intestinal quotient and height vilosity. On the other hand, the intestinal area quotient was higher in traira than in the other species. The intestinal quotient can be used to estimate the feeding habit, and the intestinal area quotient, vilosity height and the relationships between digestive tract length and fish weight or digestive tract weight can provide important additional information to analyze the feeding habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study compared some morphometric parameters of the digestive tract of four teleosts with different feeding habits: traira (Hoplias malabaricus, carnivore), silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen, omnivore,), hassar (Hoplosternum littorale, omnivore), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, herbivore). The digestive tract was removed from fish collected from nature and fixed for some morphometric analyses, such as: intestinal quotient, intestinal area quotient, vilosity height, digestive somatic index, and hepatosomatic index. Grass carp showed the highest values of intestinal quotient and height vilosity. On the other hand, the intestinal area quotient was higher in traira than in the other species. The intestinal quotient can be used to estimate the feeding habit, and the intestinal area quotient, vilosity height and the relationships between digestive tract length and fish weight or digestive tract weight can provide important additional information to analyze the feeding habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exfoliated epithelial cells represent valuable source of information on the physiopathological state of the mucosa. However, the interpretation of data obtained from exfoliated cells is complicated by the conditions of isolation as well as the health of the subject. Exfoliation is either: a) a natural loss of body cells implying a molecular signal related to the turn-over of terminally differentiated cells and to the progressive mobilization of proliferative as well as stem cells or b) the result of manual exfoliation by applying mechanical constraints like scraping. Depending on the methodology of isolation, exfoliated epithelial cells are believed to be either in apoptosis or in anoïkis. Most studies are using microscopic examination to demonstrate the presence of typical cells along with measurements on a limited number of biomarkers. Only few studies using proteomics or transcriptomics are available and they open discussion about tissue references and normalization. The main advantage of measures realized on exfoliated epithelial cells is that they are .strictly non-invasive and open the possibility to evaluate maturation of gastric and intestinal tissues in long-term experiments performed on the same animal or in translational research on samples recovered from preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to verify the effects of severe protein malnutrition over the intestinal ascending colon morphometrics in adult rats. 12 rats (90 days old) were divided into 2 groups: control (n = 5) and malnutritioned (n = 7). In the following 90 days, the rats of the control group received a 24% protein chow as the malnourished group received 4% protein chow. The animals were submitted to euthanasia according to the anesthetic protocol. Colon segments were collected and submitted to routine histological processing. The cuts were stained with HE and histochemical techniques for mucines. The morphometric analyses showed the sustenance of the whole wall and muscle tunic thickness, as well as the reduction of the thickness of the mucosa tunic, the amount of goblet cells, the depth of the crypt and the height of the enterocytes as well as their nucleus on malnutritioned animals. The data suggest that protein malnutrition causes alterations on adult rat ascending colon intestinal morphometrics, especially in tissues which present a high level of cell turnover such as the mucosa tunic and consequently their structures such as the enterocytes, goblet cells, and crypts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pirarucu, Arapaimidae family fish, is one of the most important and emblematic species of Amazon. To investigate their circulatory system anatomics features were used 10 specimens with 74 cm medium total length, from river Araguaia lakes, São Miguel do Araguaia, Goias, Brazil. The fishes had their celomatic cavity open with dorsal aorta artery identified and cannulation where was injected synthetic latex. Fixation of those specimens was by injection of 10% formalin. In that specie, the coeliac-mesenteric artery is the only one arterial vessel responsible to digestive tract flow and always ramified from 2nd, 3rd and 4th left efferent branchial arteries. The stomach is flowing by coeliac artery and a gastric branch of the cecal ventral artery; intestine receives coeliac-mesenteric artery branchs and cranial and caudal mesenterics arteries branchs; the dorsal and ventral cecum are supplied by cecal dorsal and ventral arteries respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are among the most used nanomaterials worldwide, but studies evaluating its genotoxicity and histopathological effects are scarce, dealing with short exposure times and low concentrations for human use. The aim was to evaluate TiO2-NPs genotoxicity and histological alterations in the intestine and liver of zebrafish after exposure to human consumption compatible concentrations. Fishes were acutely (96 hours) and chronically (30 days) exposed to 5.0, 20 and 40 mg L-1 of TiO2-NPs and later euthanized for organ and blood analysis through histological procedures and the micronucleus test, respectively. An increase in the thickness of intestinal villi was observed after acute and chronic exposure in the higher concentrations. The liver showed an increase in vacuolated hepatocytes after both exposures, besides an increase in hepatocytes with peripheral nucleus. Genotoxicity was only observed after chronic exposure, demonstrated by the increase in micronucleus and cell buddings. These findings indicate that TiO2-NPs cause histopathological damage even in acute exposures, as the intestine serves as a barrier for NPs and the liver is an organ that accumulates Ti. Genotoxicity was possibly mediated by reactive oxygen species through chronic inflammation, leading to tissue damage and carcinogenesis in longer exposures that represents human exposure time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes a case of intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) in a German Shepherd dog. The animal was submitted to necropsy with clinical history of vomiting and fetid green diarrhea. Macroscopically, it had jaundice, ascites, bilateral hydroureter and jejunum, and ileum mainly, were diffusely reddish with multifocal thick white areas. Microscopically, the lymphatic vessels of the small and large intestine were severely ecstatic with infiltration of mononuclear cells, predominantely macrophages. The lymphatic vessels in the stomach, renal pelvis are ureters were slightly dilated. Intestinal lymphangiectasia can be hereditary, acquired, or idiopathic. The lymphangiectasia in multiple tissues and littermates with similar clinical signs suggest that intestinal lymphangiectasia in this dog is hereditary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]