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Background: Hyperthyroidism in humans is associated with a hypercoagulable state and an increased risk of thromboembolism. Objective: To evaluate hemostatic variables in hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats with the hypothesis that hyperthyroid cats will have evidence of altered hemostasis consistent with a potential hypercoagulable state. Animals: Client‐owned hyperthyroid (n = 16) and euthyroid (n = 15) cats over 8 years of age. Methods: Prospective observational study. Hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats were enrolled. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), whole‐blood platelet impedance aggregometry (WBPIA) and a point‐of‐care viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM‐Vet) were performed immediately after minimally traumatic venipuncture under sedation. Results: Hyperthyroid cats had significantly higher values for variables as assessed by VCM‐Vet: A10 (34 [17‐47] vs 25 [17‐38], P =.003); A20 (39.5 [23‐55] vs 31 [21‐45], P =.003); and MCF (41 [24‐58] vs 35 [22‐49], P =.03). Hyperthyroid cats had significantly different values versus the euthyroid cohort as assessed by different ROTEM channels: increased A10, INTEM (61.5 [39‐75] vs 54 [23‐66], P =.007) and FIBTEM (18 [10‐35] vs 13 [2‐27], P =.01); increased A20, INTEM (68 [45‐78] vs 61 [30‐70], P =.006) and FIBTEM (17 [10‐34] vs 11 [2‐25], P =.002); increased MCF, EXTEM (72 [65‐81] vs 69 [34‐78], P =.04), INTEM (70 [45‐85] vs 62 [35‐71], P =.01) and FIBTEM (18 [13‐37] vs 14 [3‐27], P =.02); increased alpha angle, EXTEM (80 [68‐85] vs 76 [41‐84], P =.01); shortened CT, EXTEM (52.5 [29‐73] vs 60 [52‐92], P =.003) and FIBTEM (52.5 [16‐75] vs 65 [53‐165], P =.001); and decreased ML, FIBTEM (20 [1‐36] vs 33 [19‐59], P <.001). No significant differences were found with WBPIA. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The hyperthyroid cats in this study had evidence of altered hemostasis as assessed by 2 viscoelastic methodologies, and characterized by increased clot amplitude, firmness, and faster coagulation times vs euthyroid controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood is a preferred material for constructing staircases due to its appealing aesthetic features. The use of wood, especially hardwoods such as red oak (Quercus rubra), white oak (Quercus alba), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and hard maple (Acer saccharum), has been the main construction material for staircases over the years. Staircase designs have evolved because of the flexibility of wood and working with specialized manufacturing machinery. A stair guard system connection must be designed to resist rotational and translational movements whenever a force is applied to the handrail. The demand for structural design values in wooden stair guards has been steadily increasing, driven by the needs of engineers, designers, builders, and end-users alike. This paper presents experimental data for four stair guard connections (post-to-rail, infill-to-footing, infill-to-rail, and rail-to-rail) encountered in a hardwood stairway handrail guard system. The data generated from this research could be useful for modeling the structural behavior of the connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of pterygium surgery by using an inferior rotational autograft and a conventional superior conjunctival autograft. Methods: This was a prospective interventional comparative study of 85 eyes of patients who were divided into two groups of 45 and 40. Standard techniques of both procedures were performed by a single surgeon. Astigmatism, recurrence rates, time taken, and other complications were compared. Results: All the subjects were in the age group 53 ± 7.56 (40–74) years. Demographic data and type of pterygium were comparable in the two groups. In the rotational group, the preoperative astigmatism was − 2.14 ± 1.36 D, which decreased in 1 week to 1.42 ± 1.11 D, in 1 month to − 1.13 ± 0.99 D, in 3 months to 0.91 ± 0.72 D, and in 6 months to 0.81 ± 0.85 D (P < 0.05 each). Preoperative astigmatism in the conventional group was − 2.63 ± 1.47 D, which decreased to − 1.43 ± 1.04 D in 1 week, −1.18 ± 0.85 D in 1 month, −1.07 ± 0.81 D in 3 months, and − 1.01 ± 0.78 D in 6 months (P < 0.05 each). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of astigmatism at any follow-up visit (P < 0.05). Complications like dellen, graft edema, and superficial vascularization were seen in both groups. The rotational group had one recurrence (2.86%). No recurrence was noted in the conventional group. None of the complication rates was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Inferior rotational conjunctival autografting is a good technique for management of pterygium. It has a profile similar to that of conventional conjunctival autograft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Securing airway is a vital skill for anaesthesiologists. Difficulty in securing airway can lead to catastrophic results. The cuffed endotracheal tube is considered as gold standard for providing a safe airway. Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation produce reflex sympathoadrenal stimulation. The supraglottic airway device is a novel equipment that fills the gap in airway management between tracheal intubation and use of face mask. I-gel (Intersurgical Ltd., Wokingham, UK) is a relatively new supraglottic airway device with a noninflatable cuff, made up of soft gel like, transparent thermoplastic elastomer. Aim and objectives: To compare standard, reverse and rotational techniques of i-gel placement in terms of insertion characteristics and success rate. Materials and Methods: A randomized prospective study, was undertaken at Government Dharmapuri Medical College and Hospital, Dharmapuri during the academic year from 2020 to October 2022. Ninety patients (N=90), scheduled for various elective surgical procedures undergoing general anaesthesia belonging to ASA class I and II were included in the study. The participants were divided into 3 groups of 30 participants based on the techniques used for i-gel insertion. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the age, ASA grading, Mallampatti class between the 3 groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the ease of insertion between the groups. The median attempts for insertion in all three groups was 1 attempt. Chin lift manoeuvre had to be performed in 2 participants in the standard insertion group. The mean time taken for insertion (in seconds) was 20.33 ± 4.05 in standard technique group, 19.47 ± 4.67 in reverse technique group and 19.67 ± 4.26 in rotational technique group and the mean difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the mean leak pressure across the groups. Maximum number (N=7) complications was seen in standard technique group. There was no significant difference in heart rate measured at 1 min, 3min and 5min across the group. There was significant difference in MAP at 1min (p=0.01), 3min (p=0.001) and 5 min (p=0.062) across the groups with highest mean MAP measured in standard technique group. Conclusion: The three insertion techniques are suitable for routine use in maintaining anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing patients under general anaesthesia with normal airways. By all methods I-Gel appear to be effective in providing a clinically patent airway and have a high rate of insertion success, no hemodynamic changes, and low morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiari Malformation Type I (CM1) is a neurological condition in which the cerebellar tonsils extend past the foramen magnum. While many studies have reported dizziness symptoms in patients with CM1, the prevalence of peripheral labyrinthine lesions is largely unknown. This study aimed to comprehensively describe the audiovestibular phenotype in a cohort of patients with CM1 expressly referred for dizziness. Twenty-four patients with CM1 and a complaint of dizziness/vertigo were evaluated. Hearing and auditory brainstem tract function were essentially normal. While vestibular abnormalities were most prevalent during rotational testing (33%), abnormal functional balance was the most common finding (40%). Patients with CM1 had a greater likelihood of exhibiting an abnormal sensory organization test (SOT) postural stability score for fixed platform conditions, and for the somatosensory analysis score. While no significant associations were identified between tonsillar ectopia extent and any vestibular/balance outcome measure, a significant negative association was identified between neck pain and the somatosensory sensory analysis score. Abnormal functional balance in the somatosensory domain was remarkable, with poorer scores associated with neck pain. An isolated peripheral vestibulopathy was present in only 8% of patients. Despite the low prevalence of vestibulopathy, vestibular/balance assessment is warranted to identify patients who may benefit from referral to specialized medical disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common task in single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is the rigid alignment of images and/or volumes. In the context of images, a rigid alignment involves estimating the inner product between one image of N × N pixels and another image that has been translated by some displacement and rotated by some angle γ. In many situations the number of rotations γ considered is large (e.g. ), while the number of translations considered is much smaller (e.g. ). In these scenarios a naive algorithm requires operations to calculate the array of inner products for each image pair. This computation can be accelerated by using a Fourier–Bessel basis and the fast Fourier transform, requiring only operations per image pair. We propose a simple data driven compression algorithm to further accelerate this computation, which we refer to as the 'radial SVD'. Our approach involves linearly recombining the different rings of the original images (expressed in polar coordinates), taking advantage of the singular value decomposition (SVD) to both compress the images and optimize a certain measure of angular discriminability. When aligning multiple images to multiple targets, the complexity of our approach is O (N (log (N) + H)) per image pair, where H is the rank of the SVD used in the compression above. A very similar strategy can be used to accelerate volume alignment, using a spherical harmonic based compression, which we will refer to as a 'degree SVD'. The advantage gained by these approaches depends on the ratio between H and N ; the smaller H is the better. In many applications H can be quite a bit smaller than N while still maintaining accuracy. We present numerical results in a cryo-EM application demonstrating that the radial and degree SVD can help save a factor of 5–10 or more for both image and volume alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To assess the immediate effect and factors affecting the efficacy of rotational thrombectomy (RT) in patients with thrombus-containing lower-limb ischaemic lesions. Methods: Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: RT and RT+ CDT (Catheter-directed thrombolysis). The RT group included patients in whom intraoperative thrombus aspiration was successful, while the RT + CDT group included patients in whom intraoperative thrombus aspiration was less effective and remedial CDT treatment was used. The primary outcome was the immediate effect of RT on thrombus-containing lower-limb ischaemic lesions. Results: From May 2015 to July 2021, 170 patients (113 men, 57 women; mean age, 74.0 years) with thrombus-containing lower-limb ischaemic lesions were treated in our centre. Of these patients, 113 received RT only, while 57 received RT + CDT. There were no significant intergroup differences in terms of age, disease duration, or comorbidities, but a higher proportion of male patients and higher preoperative plasma D-dimer levels (1.23 vs. 0.84; p =.017) was observed in the RT + CDT group. There were no significant intergroup differences in terms of diagnosis, lesion characteristics, lesion location, or lesion length. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.098–6.410; p =.030) and poor distal runoff (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.439–5.988; p =.003) were associated with higher rates of additional CDT. Male patients also had a significantly longer onset time, more thrombotic occlusions, and a greater frequency of in-stent restenosis. Conclusions: RT alone or with CDT is a feasible primary treatment option for thrombus debulking. Sex significantly influences the effect of RT on thrombus-containing lower-limb ischaemic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although several factors are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rerupture, the effect of anatomic factors associated with ACL rupture on ACL rerupture development has not been evaluated. Purpose: To determine individual anatomic parameters independently associated with ACL rerupture and the diagnostic values of these parameters. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 91 male patients with ACL rerupture and 182 age-, sex-, body mass index–, and side dominance–matched patients without rerupture who underwent ACL reconstruction with a 5-year follow-up were included. In all, 35 parameters that were previously defined as risk factors for primary ACL rupture were compared between the 2 groups. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression models were created to evaluate independently associated factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for independently associated parameters to predict sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values. Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of patients at the time of index surgery was 26.5 ± 6.7 years. Notch shape index (P =.014), tibial proximal anteroposterior (AP) distance (TPAPD) (P <.001), lateral femoral condylar AP distance (LCAPD)/TPAPD ratio (P <.001), medial meniscal cartilage bone height (P <.001), and lateral meniscal bone angle (P =.004) were found to be significantly different between the 2 groups. Only the LCAPD/TPAPD ratio (odds ratio, 2.713; 95% CI, 1.998-5.480; P <.001) was found to be independently associated with ACL rerupture development. The LCAPD/TPAPD ratio revealed 78.9% sensitivity and 75.5% specificity (area under the curve, 0.815; 95% CI, 0.760-0.870) for values above 1.52. Conclusion: The LCAPD/TPAPD ratio can be used to distinguish patients who are at risk of developing ACL rerupture from patients who are not. In the clinical practice, findings of this study may help to develop surgical and nonsurgical preventive strategies in ACL rerupture development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is a widely used and environmentally friendly power generation technology, which can provide power for wireless electronic devices and low-power sensors. In this paper, a magnetically excited rotating piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed, which can generate output voltages of more than 15 V at frequencies below 13 Hz, where the maximum output voltage is 55.62 V. Through the rotation of the rotamer, magnetic coupling between magnetic blocks drives piezoelectric elements to vibrate nonlinearly to generate electrical energy. Structural prototypes with different parameters were designed and produced after analyzing the working principle and theoretical model of the entire piezoelectric system, and a series of experimental verifications were carried out on the theoretical model. The experimental results show that the energy harvester has the best power generation effect when the weight of the magnet mass is 6 g, the radial excitation distance is 5 mm, and multiple piezoelectric beams are connected in series. When the piezoelectric beams are connected in series and rotational speed is 550 r/min, the external load resistance is 75 kΩ, its maximum root mean square output voltage and average output power are 33.12 V and 14.625 mW, respectively. The energy harvesting system can light up 260 LED lights under the excitation of 550 r/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional three-electrode Velocity Map Imaging (VMI) electrostatic lens developed by Eppink and Parker has proven to be a useful tool in a wide range of applications in molecular dynamics, including photodissociation experiments taking place in a molecular beam. However, in some other cases, such as crossed molecular beam experiments, the large diameter (typically ∼70 mm) of this conventional VMI lens can be inconvenient. We describe here a VMI lens with a much smaller diameter (down to ∼20 mm) using tubular electrodes. The performance is evaluated by imaging O+ fragments produced by the photodissociation of O2 at around 225 nm, and by inelastic scattering of NO with Ar. Our results suggest that the recorded images are of acceptable quality compared to those from a standard lens while achieving a fourfold reduction of the VMI lens diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During elite-level hammer throws, the vertical displacement of the centre of mass (COM) of the thrower and hammer are approximately 180° out of phase (the hammer’s COM is at its high point when the thrower’s COM is at its low point, and vice versa) prior to the hammer’s release. This out-of-phase coordination pattern contributes to the velocity of the hammer, which ultimately contributes to the distance thrown. Several drills are used to improve coordination between the thrower’s and hammer’s COM, but it is not currently known if the out-of-phase pattern is present during these drills. This study examined the relative phase between the COM of the hammer and thrower during two different rotational drills: The Double Hammer Head and Single Arm drills. Using a 12-camera motion analysis system, COM kinematics for both the hammer and thrower were examined for seven NCAA Division I throwers during the two drills. Contrary to their purported purpose, the phase angles between thrower’s and hammer’s COM were significantly different from 180° during both drills. Further research should be conducted to examine the mechanical factors of hammer throwing drills, as well as the effect such drills have when implemented within training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In a publicly funded health care system, fiscally responsible management of any program is required. This is especially pertinent as evolving technology and associated incremental costs, places pressure on device availability within a fixed funding envelope. The application of rotational magnet technology and associated escalating surgical wait times must be justified to patients and the single-payer system. We present a single cochlear implant center's attempt at a rationing schema for magnetic resonance compatible cochlear implantation. Contrasting approaches to rationing care are evaluated and deliberated. Methods: Based on a comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rates within the general population to our cochlear implant (CI) cohort, we attempt the development of a decision-making schema that maximizes the number of patients to receive a CI while rationing the distribution of a rotational magnet technology to similarly situated individuals most likely to benefit. Results: We elect to provide rotational magnet technology to select patient cohorts. This is based on the dominant imaging needs of these populations and the probability of requiring recurrent imaging studies. We consider this an ethical approach grounded in the egalitarian principle of equality of opportunity within cohorts of patients. Conclusion: Given finite resources, increasing per unit cost will unavoidably extend wait times for adult patients. Our approach does not afford similar implant devices for all patients, but rather all similarly situated individuals. Therefore, access to a scare medical resource requires program rigor and a formalized policy around candidacy for emergent technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol dynamics in zeolite H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al of 25) with a methanol loading of ~ 30 molecules per unit cell has been studied at 298, 323, 348 and 373 K by incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF) reveals that the majority of methanol is immobile, in the range between 70 and 80%, depending on the measurement temperature. At 298 K, ≈ 20% methanol is mobile on the instrumental timescale, exhibiting isotropic rotational dynamics with a rotational diffusion coefficient (DR) of 4.75 × 1010 s−1. Upon increasing the measurement temperature from 298 to 323 K, the nature of the methanol dynamics changes from rotational to translational diffusion dynamics. Similar translational diffusion rates are measured at 348 and 373 K, though with a larger mobile fraction as temperature increases. The translational diffusion is characterised as jump diffusion confined to a sphere with a radius close to that of a ZSM-5 channel. The diffusion coefficients may be calculated using either the Volino–Dianoux (VD) model of diffusion confined to a sphere, or the Chudley–Elliot (CE) jump diffusion model. The VD model gives rise to a self-diffusion co-efficient (Ds) of methanol in the range of 7.8–8.4 × 10–10 m2 s−1. The CE model gives a Ds of around 1.2 (± 0.1) × 10–9 m2 s−1 with a jump distance of 2.8 (either + 0.15 or − 0.1) Å and a residence time (τ) of ~ 10.8 (either + 0.1 or − 0.2) ps. A correlation between the present and earlier studies that report methanol dynamics in H-ZSM-5 with Si/Al of 36 is made, suggesting that with increasing Si/Al ratio, the mobile fraction of methanol increases while DR decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boomslang (Dipholidus typus) has a predominantly haemotoxic venom. Because of the consumptive nature of the coagulopathy, signs and symptoms are usually delayed by up to 72 h after the bite. Traditional laboratory coagulation assays have a long turnaround time, by which time the patient's bleeding and clotting profile has changed. A 25-year-old male patient was bitten by a boomslang. Despite two normal laboratory coagulation assay results, a pointof- care rotational thromboelastometry showed low fibrinogen levels, leading to the administration of monovalent antivenom. This report highlights the value of point-of-care thromboelastometry in the care of patients with subclinical boomslang envenomation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study systematically reviews 62 papers on the use of rotational rheometry to assess the fresh state behavior of Portland cement-based materials. The research highlights the wide variation in test methods and aims to provide a comprehensive overview. Findings reveal that 50.0% of studies employed vane geometry, despite its limitations in providing transformation equations. Regarding dynamic shearing tests, 67.0% followed a consensus using a pre-shearing step and a step-wise routine with stabilization times ≥ 10 s. While the Bingham model is commonly used, the study emphasizes the importance of considering shear-thinning behavior in cementitious materials. Models like Herschel-Bulkley and modified Bingham may be more appropriate. This review offers insights into testing conditions for rotational rheometry of cementitious materials, serving as a foundation for future research in the field. • The 62 papers that conducted rotational rheometry trials were systematically reviewed. • The Vane rotor type is the most employed geometry in studies. • There was a trend of step test protocols with stabilization times of at least 10 seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article estimates the action of rotation on a generalized thermoelasticity model which contains one thermal relaxation time for an infinitely long, annular, isotropic cylinder with temperature‐dependent physical properties. This is numerically solved using the finite difference technique under the effect of rotation, and the effect of decaying heat flux on the obtained components is graphically presented. Numerical results are presented to show the influence of the various parameters. A comparison between the current results and previous results obtained by others neglecting the new parameters is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The alignment of human lower limb has been an area of ongoing study for decades. The purpose of this study was to analyze the axial and rotational alignment from hip to ankle in a Caucasian aged non-arthritic cohort. Methods: A non-arthritic cohort of aged patients was retrospectively analyzed by computer tomography. Anatomical–mechanical angle of femur (AMA), femur inclination (FI), femoral anteversion (FA), posterior condylar angle (PCA), proximal tibial torsion (TEAs-PTC and TEAs-PTT) and tibial fibular torsion (PTC-TFA) were measured. Results: The median age of the patients was 76 years (range 67 to 91 years). Regarding axial alignment, the AMA was 5 (2.94; 6.80). No significance differences were reported by side and age. AMA was significantly lower in men. The FI was 125.3 (120.0; 134.8) with no differences in terms of side, age or gender. Regarding torsion alignment, the median values of FA, PTC-TFA and TEAs-PTT were, respectively, 16.8, 28.5 and − 1.4. No differences were reported by age. Right tibia was externally rotated by 1.5 degrees as compared to the left side (P 0.035). Conclusion: The broad variability of the parameters analyzed highlights the necessity for a more anatomical and individualized approach during surgery of lower limb. The present study offers the fundament to understand and treat lower limb deformities. Hence, these data can constitute the normal reference values useful to investigate lower limb malalignment. Moreover, it helps to assess the possible changes of axial and rotational alignment in idiopathic OA of lower limb. Level of evidence III: Retrospective cohort study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preliminary knowledge of the surface movement and internal structure of a landslide is essential to improve the understanding of landslide behavior as an initial step to develop suitable mitigation measures. This paper characterizes displacement and internal structure of landslides using multitemporal unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) imaging. Multitemporal orthophotos, digital elevation model (DEM) profile lines, DEMs of difference (DoD), and ERT images allowed us to measure the landslide morphometry and areal changes, detect the trend of surface displacement, calculate the surface movement rate and direction, characterize the spatial variability in surface movement rates, and relate spatial variation in displacement to the internal structure of the landslide. The Kalisari Landslide experienced retrogressive movement where the scarp of landslide moved backward 38 m from 2015 to 2019. The surface movement ranged from 0.7 to 8.1 m with the direction mostly to the northeast. The depletion and accumulation ranged from 0.1 to 5 m, with the most active change located northwest of the landslide. The variability in movement was influenced by the spatial variability in the subsurface material inferred from the ERT images, i.e., surface material, clay, weathered breccias (possibly altered), and breccias. The interpretation from multitemporal UAV and ERT images indicates that the Kalisari Landslide has a nonhomogeneous multiple retrogressive behavior with a curved slip surface located at the clay layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytic global bifurcation theory is used to construct a large variety of families of steady periodic two-dimensional gravity water waves with real-analytic vorticity distributions, propagating in an incompressible fluid. The waves that are constructed can possess an arbitrary number of interior stagnation points in the fluid and corresponding critical layers consisting of closed streamlines. This is made possible by the use of the so-called naive flattening transform, which has previously only been used for local bifurcation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current paper, we are concerned with waves propagating through the deformation of a thin elastic sheet between two incompressible and inviscid fluids, which are usually called hydroelastic waves in the literature to model deformable sheets interacting with surrounding fluids. The main purpose of the present study is to solve a basic question on the theoretical side, i.e. the local well-posedness issue. The problem is formulated by the full Euler equations (without the assumption of irrotationality) for fluids, combined with the Plotnikov-Toland model for the elastic sheet. Based on geometric considerations, we derive energy estimates and prove the local existence and uniqueness of solution for this system in n (⩾ 2) dimensions even if velocity fields are rotational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To perform the neutral‐transport simulation with processes in which hydrogen molecules contribute to the reaction such as molecular assisted recombination, the parameters of emitted neutral particles at the wall such as the energy distributions and the form (atom or molecule) of emitted neutral particles are necessary as a boundary condition of the calculation. Therefore, in order to provide information of recycled hydrogen on the divertor to neutral‐transport code, molecular dynamics simulation of a hydrogen atom injection into a carbon material is performed to obtain the distributions of emission angle and translational energy of emitted hydrogen atoms and molecules. The distributions of rotational and vibrational energies are also investigated in the case of molecular hydrogen emission. Moreover, the quantum rotational state J, and vibrational state v are estimated from the classical value obtained by the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present article reviews data from biomechanical and clinical studies which indicate that rotational instability can cause failure of fixation due to the particular characteristics of the fracture, the mechanical properties of the chosen implant or flaws in surgical technique. Methods: Although radiographs give a similar impression in failure of fractures fixed with cephalomedullary nails, different mechanisms involving rotation of the femoral head may play a key role. Results: The incidence of failure in pertrochanteric fracture fixation is decreasing as implants continue to evolve. It is possible that currently reported low failure rates do not apply equally to all subtypes of this diverse group of fractures. Since the introduction of sliding hip screws, "cut-out" due to varus collapse of the proximal fracture fragment has been the only reported mode of failure. Conclusion: Excessive rotation leading to eventual "cut-out" has not been adequately studied, and thus, available evidence is not sufficient to definitely prove this theoretical approach. As nailing is gradually overtaking extramedullary fixation as the treatment of choice, especially for comminuted pertrochanteric fractures which can be rotationally unstable, further research is warranted to improve our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The velocity correction method has shown to be an effective approach for solving incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. It does not require the initial pressure and the inf-sup condition may not be needed. However, stability and convergence analyses have not been established for the nonlinear case. The challenge arises from the splitting associated with the nonlinear term and rotational term. In this paper, we carry out stability and convergence analysis of the first-order method in the nonlinear case. Our technique is a new Gauge–Uzawa formulation, which brings forth a telescoping symmetry into the rotational form. We also provide a stability proof for the second-order method in the linear case. Numerical results are provided for both first- and second-order methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Powered extraction tools are usually needed in chronically implanted leads. Comparative data are essential among different rotating dilator sheaths. The aim of the study was to compare procedural/clinical outcomes and adverse events in patients underwent lead extraction utilizing two different rotating dilator sheaths. Methods and results: The current study was a retrospective review of consecutive patients at a single center. From December 2009 to August 2017, 163 lead extractions from 98 consecutive patients (median, 65 years; 71% male) utilizing a rotating mechanical sheath were analyzed for both efficacy (procedural and clinical success rates) and safety (adverse events). According to the type of the sheath used, the Evolution group (58 patients with 94 leads) and the TightRail group (40 patients with 69 leads) were determined. Extracted device was an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) in two‐thirds of patients. The majority of leads (87.7%) had passive‐fixation mechanism. All ICD leads had dual‐coil design. The median lead implant duration was 4 years, and no difference was found between the two groups. Infectious etiology was the main indication for extraction in 56.1% of patients. There were no statistically significant differences regarding the procedural success rate (96.6% vs 95.0%), clinical success rate (98.3% vs 97.5%), and total adverse event rate (5.2% vs 10.0%) between the Evolution and TightRail groups, respectively. Procedural success decreased with older leads and higher lead number. Conclusions: Procedural and clinical success rates utilizing both the Evolution and TightRail rotational extraction sheaths were high with low complication rate in chronically implanted leads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main criticism of endoscopic excision of colloid cysts of the third ventricle is the decreased ability to completely resect the cyst wall, therefore increasing the risk of recurrence. The extent of resection varies widely across the endoscopic series and is largely influenced by the surgical technique. We report the results of the rotational technique for endoscopic transforaminal excision of colloid cysts in a series of consecutive patients. Our objective is to contribute to the current literature and to shed more light on an effective and safe yet less commonly used technique. Retrospective analysis was performed on 19 patients. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated for cyst characteristics. Postoperative MRI was evaluated for residual cyst membranes. Operative records were reviewed for residual cyst components. Excision grade was determined based on the Barrow Neurological Institute grading scale. Symptom resolution was documented clinically. The study included 13 men and 6 women, with a mean age of 35 years (range, 19–56 years) and mean follow-up of 27.74 months (range, 4–55 months). Total excision was achieved in 17 of 19 cysts (89.5%). A small residual was seen intraoperatively but not radiographically in 1 patient. In another patient, residual cyst membrane seen intraoperatively and radiologically led to recurrence 18 months postoperatively. No mortalities or permanent morbidities occurred. Our high total excision rate and low complication profile are in concordance with the recent reports of endoscopic resection of colloid cysts. The rotational technique for the endoscopic transforaminal approach is highly effective and a safe alternative to the bimanual dissection technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The both total and binding energies of the (1 , 1) -states in the weakly-bound three-body muonic ddμ and dtμ ions are determined to high numerical accuracy. The binding energy of the (1 , 1) -state in the muonic dtμ ion is evaluated as ε (d t μ) = − 0.66033003831 (30) eV , while for the same state in the muonic ddμ ion we have found that ε (d d μ) = − 1.9749806166970 (30) eV. These energies are the most accurate numerical values obtained for these systems and they are sufficient for all current and future experimental needs. Highlights • The total and binding energies of the weakly-bound (1 , 1) -states in the ddμ and dtμ ions are determined to high accuracy. • Numerical calculations have been performed by using three different sets of particle masses. • Results of our calculations provide a theoretical and computational basis for all current and future experimental needs. • We discuss a possibility for a resurgence of interest to the resonance muon-catalized fusion of nuclear reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A vibration energy harvester is proposed for rotating systems based on transverse vibrations of an assembly of thin beams and electromagnetic interaction of a carried magnet with a coil of wire. The harvester is designed in a way such that centrifugal forces are utilized to tune the system's natural frequency to the expected frequency of torsional vibrations. In fact, a novel combination of a tuning mass positioned at the beam's support and an applied preload are introduced to establish a tuning mechanism that is capable of maintaining resonance along a wide frequency range. The device's tuning can cover relatively high rotor speeds, overcoming previous limitations on the size and the physics of tuning via axial loads. Moreover, exact expressions of the beams' mode shapes are taken into account to improve the accuracy of the proposed tuning mechanism. Numerical simulations of the device's response are carried out for case studies corresponding to different frequency orders. It is shown that the system can maintain a flat power output across a wide range of operating speeds, effectively leading to purely broadband energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Viscosity measurement is challenging due to the internal properties of blood and the artifacts deriving from the various viscometer systems. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the pitfalls of a cone-plate viscometer (Brookfield DV-III Ultra LV) before starting measurements and compare it to our capillary type model (Hemorex Hevimet 40). Effects of sample storage and thermal calibration were assessed as well. METHODS AND RESULTS: Intra-observer variability was studied by 10 replicate measurements of 7 blood samples, mean coefficients of variation were less than 5%. Instruments were compared by measuring 26 blood samples, an average difference of 7% in WBV and 10% in PV was observed. 9 blood samples were stored at 4°C, 22°C and 37°C up to 48 hours to study the effect of storage on viscosity values. WBV at 50 and 100 s-1 became significantly lower after 3 hours at 37°C (p < 0.05). WBV at higher shear rates and PV remained constant at all temperatures. To evaluate the possibility of measuring one sample at different temperatures, 8 blood samples were measured at 40°C with the device calibrated both at 20°C and 40°C; no significant difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Thorough validation studies are required before starting experimental and routine viscosity measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPND) is a common surgical condition with a multitude of surgical treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of modified Limberg flap (MLF) and that of rotational gluteal flap (RGF) in treatment of SPND. Materials and methods This was a retrospective case-controlled study involving adult patients of both genders who were treated with either MLF or RGF for SPND. The main outcomes of the study were the recurrence of SPND, complications, operation time, hospital stay, time of healing, time to return to daily activities, and cosmetic outcomes. Results A total of 189 (143 males) patients with a mean age of 23.5 y were included. Ninety-five patients were treated with RGF (cases), and 94 were treated with MLF (controls). Both the groups were matched regarding age, gender, body mass index, and disease severity. The operation time of RGF was longer than that of MLF ( P < 0.0001). No significant difference in recurrence was noted between RGF and MLF (3.1% versus 7.4%, P = 0.21). RGF had lower complication rate than MLF (17.9% versus 40.4%; P = 0.001). Time to return to work was similar in both the groups. RGF conferred significantly better cosmetic outcomes than MLF. Conclusions Both RGF and MLF achieved comparable, low recurrence rates. Although the operation time of RGF was significantly longer than that of MLF, the RGF had shorter healing time; lower complication rate, particularly seroma formation; and better cosmetic appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The microwave spectrum of the sesamol monomer has been collected. • Two rotamers attributed to unique –OH orientations were observed. • For each rotamer, excited states due to a CH 2 ring puckering motion were observed. The microwave spectrum of the sesamol (CH 2 O 2 C 6 H 3 OH) monomer has been collected using CP-FTMW spectroscopy in the 5.5–18.75 GHz region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Density functional theory calculations of the monomer have been performed. B3LYP|cc-pVTZ predicts the global minimum geometry to be s-trans- sesamol where the hydroxyl group is oriented 180 ° away from the dioxole ring. A second, local minimum, geometry for s-cis- sesamol was calculated to have the hydroxyl group oriented 0 ° towards the dioxole ring, and the zero-point energy difference between the two geometries is predicted to be 1.4 kJ/mol. Both unique conformers have been identified in the experimental spectrum. In accordance with the predicted dipole moments, only b- type transitions have been observed for s-trans -sesamol, while a- and b- type transitions have been assigned to s-cis- sesamol. The relative intensities in the observed spectrum indicate that the molecular beam contains a higher population of the s-trans -sesamol monomer. Satellite transitions were observed for both sesamol conformers. Treating the parent and satellite transitions as coupled vibrational states, the energy differences and Coriolis coupling constants were determined for each conformer. The magnitude of the coupling constants, the energy difference between the states, and a comparison to a similar state observed in 1,3-benzodioxole indicate that the excited states correspond with CH 2 puckering of the dioxiole ring. The second moments of inertia and their contributions from the ring puckering have been analyzed for a series of functionalized molecules including piperonal, 1,3-benzodioxole and sesamol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the wear mechanism and microstructural evolution of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy under the condition of dual rotary fretting (DRF), which mainly exists in the interfaces of ball-and-socket joints with the motion combing torsional fretting with rotational fretting. Using the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy flat specimen against the 52100 steel ball to investigate the DRF and damage behavior were carried out under the normal load of 50 N with different tilt angles (10°~60°) and varying angular displacement amplitudes (0.25°~5°). The morphologies of wear surface and their cross-sections were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microscopy analyzer and a surface profilometer etc. The results are as followed: 1) The DRF wear behavior of Ti6Al4V is strongly dependent on the tilt angle, which decides the scale for combination of rotation component and torsion component. 2) F x /F n curves presents different varied trends in different fretting regimes. The fretting wear is slight in partial slip regime due to the oxidative wear, and the surface bulge is formed in mixed fretting regime probably due to the plastic-flow, and in sliding regime, plough scratches caused by the abrasive wear. 3) As the tilt angle increase, DRF wear mechanism of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy transfers from oxidative wear to the abrasive wear. 4) The DRF damage of Ti6Al4V is the result of the competition between the rotational fretting component and the torsional fretting component. When the DRF behavior is mainly controlled by the torsional fretting component, the wear mechanism is the oxidative wear with the oxygen element distributing around the micro-slip circle zone. When the DRF behavior is mainly controlled by the rotational fretting component, the severe plastic deformation can be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an analytical model is provided to describe the filling dynamics of a capillary filled with a viscous fluid containing spinning particles. The aim is to demonstrate the effect of angular momentum on the capillary filling dynamics of molecular fluids which has not been explored before. The presence of spinning particles generates additional coefficients of viscosity, namely, spin viscosity and vortex viscosity, which couples rotational and translational movements. Three different time stages have been noticed during the capillary filling phenomenon: inertia force dominated, visco-inertial, and viscous-dominated regions. The last two regions are found to be mainly affected by the spinning particles. An increase in the spin and vortex viscosities is found to increase the viscous force and thus reduce the front position of the moving liquid. The results of this study are validated using the literature no-angular-momentum (NAM) base-case results and an excellent agreement is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy harvesting has become an increasingly important topic thanks to the advantages in renewability and environmental friendliness. In this paper, a comprehensive study on contemporary portable wind energy harvesters has been conducted. The electrical power generation methods of portable wind energy harvesters are surveyed in three major groups, piezoelectric-, electromagnetic-, and electrostatic-based generators. The paper also takes another view of this area by gauging the required mechanisms for trapping wind flow from ambient environment. In this regard, rotational and aeroelastic mechanisms are analyzed for the portable wind energy harvesting devices. The comparison between both mechanisms shows that the aeroelastic mechanism has promising potential in producing an energy harvester in smaller scale although how to maintain the resonator perpendicular to wind flow for collecting the maximum vibration is still a major challenge to overcome for this mechanism. Furthermore, this paper categorizes the previously published portable wind energy harvesters to macro and micro scales in terms of their physical dimensions. The power management systems are also surveyed to explore the possibility of improving energy conversion efficiency. Finally some insights and research trends are pointed out based on an overall analysis of the previously published works along the historical timeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human motion energy harvesting as an alternative to battery powering in body worn and implanted devices is challenging during prolonged periods of inactivity. Even a buffer energy storage system will run out of power eventually if there is no external acceleration to the harvester. This paper presents a method to actuate the rotor inside a previously presented rotational piezoelectric energy harvester wirelessly via a magnetic reluctance coupling to an external driving rotor with one or more permanent magnet stacks attached. This makes it possible to recharge a battery or super-capacitor even if a patient is not moving. The use of a permanent magnet coupling has potential advantages compared to traditional inductive or ultrasonic methods, e.g. in terms of tissue damage and transmission depth. Simulation results show the achievable coupling torque for different configurations of magnet geometries and relative positions between the driving magnet stack(s) and the harvester. It is shown that using a single magnet stack yields better results than using two diametrically opposite stacks. Measurements are performed with different magnets, driving frequencies and orientations of the harvester. The results are discussed and successful energy transfer was achieved regardless of the orientation of the device with respect to gravity, which is desirable for real world applications. Lateral misalignment between the harvester and the driving magnet can also be overcome. The largest distance of power transfer reached was 32 mm with the largest magnets tested, and the optimal power output into a resistive load was over 100 μW at a frequency of 25 Hz. The functional volume of the harvester is 1.85 cm 3 – similar to the size of a wristwatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yield production of cowpea depends largely on the environmental factors, cropping systems and soil type of the location. In this way, an experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction effect of cropping system, location, season and nitrogen fertilization on cowpea yield. The study comprised of three cropping systems (Maize-cowpea rotation, monocropping cowpea and intercropped cowpea), three locations (Potchefstroom, Taung, and Rustenburg, South Africa) and two rates of nitrogen fertilizers applied in kg ha-1 at each site (0 and 20 at Potchefstroom, 0 and 17 at Rustenburg, 0 and 23 at Taung). A factorial experiment randomized in complete block design with three replications was conducted during 2011/12 and 2012/13 planting seasons. The measured yield and yield components were pod length, seed per pod, pods mass at harvest, grain yield and field biomass yield. Cowpea planted on monocropping and rotational systems had significantly (P < 0.05) higher seed number per pod at harvest, grain yield and field biomass yield than cowpea planted on intercropping. The interaction of location x season plays a vital role on cowpea production by increasing yield. A single cultivar might differ significantly across different locations due to different soil types and climatic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compact round rotational single sheet testers (RRSSTs) can achieve very high flux densities (\sim\!2\ \textT at 60 Hz), owing to sinusoidal distribution of the magnetizing magnetomotive force (MMF), equalization of reluctance, a reduction in their diametrical size and longer stack lengths (deep yokes). The last two measures result in an increase in the magnetic field z-component (H_{z}), which is often reduced by shielding. This paper shows that a given shield distance is not effective in minimizing H_{z} over the entire flux density range. The impact of the magnetizer diametrical size and the yoke depth on Hz is also compared with shielding. Finally, this paper shows that magnetic properties contribute significantly to Hz at very high flux densities, whereas the magnetic interaction of the sample and shields, reduce the effectiveness of shielding in deep saturation at 2 T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel semi-rigid C-joint for spatial lattice structures. In order to increase the torsional stiffness and energy-dissipating capacity of the C-joint, a joint with ' strong connection and weak plate' is proposed based on the conventional seismic principle ' strong joint and weak member'. Firstly，rational dimensions of the components were determined preliminarily through relative specifications and theoretical analysis ； secondly, the nonlinear finite element model was established using the finite element software ABAQUS ； thirdly, the rational dimensions of the joint components were determined through the optimization analysis carried out on the finite element model. At last, the experimental study was carried out on the proposed C-joint to investigate its mechanical characteristics. It is shown that ： the proposed novel joint provides favorable ductility and torsional stiffness ； the stiffness and ultimate bending of the joints increase with the increasing of the thickness of the side plate and front plate ； the material constitutive model for the cone head of the joint affects the simulation results greatly and the trilinear material constitutive model is proper for the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D modeling for surf zone phenomenons are validated in present work using the rotational Boussinesq–Green–Naghdi model. Three benchmark test cases are simulated: tsunami wave runup a conical island; tsunami wave runup complex shelf; and rip current and wave setup over sand bars. The computed results are compared to the experimental data including the free surface deformation and depth-averaged velocities. The simulated 2D cases fundamentally validate the model׳s ability in predicting wave transformation, wave breaking, wave runup and the velocity field for complex hydrodynamic conditions and give the basis for moving on to more complex applications. The lack of irrotationality would strongly contribute to the depth-varying velocity profile of rotational modeling, which has been partially proven in 1D undertow test ( Zhang et al., 2014a ). Unfortunately, few 2D experiments with rotational vortex data measured could be found due to the difficulty of recording the vortex characteristics. Future work would be the model application to much more complex geophysical and engineering problems, where the lack of any irrotational constrain is expected to excel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a low frequency non-contact rotary piezoelectric energy harvester excited by magnetic coupling (L-PEH) was proposed. Through the coupling between the magnet inside the rotor driven by rotating motion and the magnet on the piezoelectric plate, the process of rotating motion transforming into electrical energy was realized. The purpose of this paper was to improve the output performance of piezoelectric energy harvester at low frequency by optimizing the magnetic field conditions, so the influence of the number of magnets and the arrangement of magnets on the output performance was studied in detail. A series of theories, simulations and experiments proved that the alternative magnet arrangement (mode 1) could optimize the output performance of the L-PEH. When the arrangement of magnets was mode 1 and the number of magnets was 2, the peak-to-peak voltage of rectangular and circular piezoelectric plates was 182.5 V and 4.4 V at 250r/min. Under the above optimal parameter variables, the L-PEH could generate the maximum output power of 140.45 mW. In addition, the output power generated by the prototype could fully meet the power consumption of low-power electronic equipment such as light-emitting-diodes (LEDs). In general, by changing the number and arrangement of magnets, i.e. optimizing the magnetic field conditions, L-PEH could effectively collect rotational energy and had a good application prospect in the power supply of micro electronic equipment. • The prototype improves the energy harvesting efficiency at low frequencies. • The prototype can power low-power electronic devices. • The effect of changing magnetic field conditions on the performance is discussed. • The optimum output power of the prototype is 140.45 mW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine the safety and effectiveness of full thickness eyelid reconstructions using a semicircular rotational flap without reconstructing the posterior lamella. Methods: The charts of all patients undergoing semicircular flap closure of full thickness eyelid defects by one surgeon (JDP) at the Cole Eye Institute between March 2000 and October 2012 were reviewed. Charts were reviewed for patient demographic information, as well as for the size of the defect, the type of flap used, length of follow-up and complications. Results: Fifty eyelids of 50 patients underwent a semicircular flap repair without posterior lamellar reconstruction during the study period, and 41 charts were available for review. Average patient age was 74 years (range, 40–92 years). Average follow-up was 9.8 months (range, 1–84 months). Average defect size was 19.1 mm (range, 14–30 mm, SD 4.6). Complications included pyogenic granuloma (10 patients, 24.4%), exposure keratopathy (7 patients, 17.1%) lagophthalmos (5 patients, 12.2%), ectropion (6 patients, 14.6%), lateral canthal dystopia (2 cases, 4.9%), eyelid notch (2 cases, 4.9%) and trichiasis (4 cases, 9.8%). Two patients underwent subsequent tarsorrhaphy and one patient underwent ectropion repair. There were no cases of wound dehiscence, diplopia or fornix inadequacy, and the recruited aspect of the eyelid healed well in each case. No case required reconstruction of the eyelid margin or fornix. Conclusions: Semicircular flap repair of full thickness eyelid defects without flap or graft repair of the posterior lamella results in an adequate fornix and a low rate of secondary surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A 2-D magnetizer introduces variation in the flux density $(B)$ across the sample under rotational magnetization. This variation requires additional energy requirements that limits the attainable aspect ratios, flux density levels and stresses the supply. A numerical methodology that accounts for the flux leakage and the eddy currents is proposed to analyze uniformity and variation in $B$ in four 2-D magnetizers. The analysis was done beyond the knee of the magnetization curve. Numerical results will show that round magnetizers can mitigate the variation of the square magnetizer by over 92%, by making the MMF more sinusoidal and equalizing the reluctance along the airgap. In addition, deeper yokes minimized the variation by about 50% in the square and the Halbach testers. The results of this analysis was a design that mitigates the variation in $B$ by a combination of sinusoidally distributed windings, and a deep yoke. The proposed magnetizer achieved very high flux densities over a relatively wide frequency range, which were 2.04 and 1.69 T at 60 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two-dimensional (2-D) core loss measurements have low reproducibility and repeatability, due to several errors such in data acquisition, sensing systems and the magnetizer. The latter contributes to the variation in the sample's flux density (B) under rotational magnetization. The variation in B requires a reduction of the measurement region, stresses the power source, lowers the circularity of B and modifies its locus. This variation is analysed in four magnetizers, where sinusoidal distribution of the magnetizing winding and increasing the yoke depth, are proposed. A deep yoke will be shown to increase the magnetic loading of the sample, and mitigates the variation in B in magnetizers with non-sinusoidal fields such as the square tester. The location of B-coils can result to the overestimation or underestimation of the measured B values; affecting the core loss. Experiments showed a 14% (at ~0.8 T) and 6% (at ~1.6 T) difference at two locations. B-holes also increase non-uniformity in the sample; spiking of B and H at the hole regions. Numerical results will show that it has minimal effects on B (< 1%), but the local increase in the field (H) is in the order of 104 A/m at saturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Direct impacts with the head (linear acceleration or pressure) and inertial loading of the head (rotational acceleration or strain) have been postulated as the 2 major mechanisms of head-related injuries such as concussion. Although data are accumulating for soccer and American football, there are no published data for nonhelmeted collision sports such as rugby union. Purpose: To quantify head impacts via instrumented mouthguard acceleration analyses for rugby union players over a season of matches. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data on impact magnitude and frequency were collected with molded instrumented mouthguards worn by 38 premier amateur senior rugby players participating in the 2013 domestic season of matches. Results: A total of 20,687 impacts >10g (range, 10.0-164.9g) were recorded over the duration of the study. The mean ± SD number of impacts per player over the duration of the season of matches was 564 ± 618, resulting in a mean ± SD of 95 ± 133 impacts to the head per player, per match over the duration of the season of matches. The impact magnitudes for linear accelerations were skewed to the lower values (Sp = 3.7 ± 0.02; P<.001), with a mean linear acceleration of 22.2 ± 16.2g. Rotational accelerations were also skewed to the lower values (Sp = 2.0 ± 0.02; P < .001), with a mean rotational acceleration of 3902.9 ± 3948.8 rad/s2. Conclusion: The acceleration magnitudes and number of head impacts in amateur rugby union players over a season of matches, measured via instrumented mouthguard accelerations, were higher than for most sports previously reported. Mean linear acceleration measured over a season of matches was similar to the mean linear accelerations previously reported for youth, high school, and collegiate American football players but lower than that for female youth soccer players. Mean rotational acceleration measured over a season of matches was similar to mean rotational accelerations for youth, high school, and collegiate American football players but less than those for female youth soccer players, concussed American collegiate players, collegiate American football players, and professional American football players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to evaluate transdermal scopolamine for motion sickness prophylaxis, and to evaluate off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) as a laboratory model of motion sickness. This was a randomized, prospective, double-blind study design, set in a vestibular research laboratory. The experimental subjects consisted of 12 patients -- 7 male, 5 female -- ages 21 to 57, with normal auditory/vestibular function. The intervention was off-vertical axis rotation 20 degrees in the dark after administration of transdermal scopolamine or placebo. The main outcome measures were time duration of tolerated off-vertical rotation, and subjective symptom reporting during rotation at one-minute intervals on a 0-4 scale. Results were as follows: patients treated with transdermal scopolamine had statistically significant improved tolerance time to off-vertical axis rotation. Reported symptom-atology on the 0-4 subjective symptom scale was significantly improved, as compared to placebo, and was dose-dependent. Conclusions are as follows: off-vertical axis rotation is a useful modality for the evaluation of motion sickness medications. Transdermal scopolamine showed statistically significant dose-dependent effects in mitigating OVAR-induced motion sickness symptomatology and was well tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotationally resolved spectra of (1,0), (1,1), (2,0), (2,1) and (2,3) bands of B 2 Σ + – X 2 Σ + and (3,3) band of A 2 Π– X 2 Σ + systems have been measured in a laser-induced fluorescence spectra of jet cooled ZrN molecule. Rotational analysis have been extended to include the levels ν =3 of X 2 Σ + , ν =1 , 2 of B 2 Σ + and ν =3 of A 2 Π states. The vibrational constants of the X 2 Σ + state have been determined. Perturbations were observed in all the rotational branches of the B – X system and A 2 Π 1/2 f – X 2 Σ + subband. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The head impact exposure experienced by football players at the college and high school levels has been well documented; however, there are limited data regarding youth football despite its dramatically larger population. The objective of this study was to investigate head impact exposure in middle school football. Impacts were monitored using a commercially available accelerometer array installed inside the helmets of 17 players aged 12-14 years. A total of 4678 impacts were measured, with an average (±standard deviation) of 275 ± 190 impacts per player. The average o f impact distributions for each player had a median impact of 22 ± 2 g and 954 ± 122 rad/s², and a 95th percentile impact of 54 ± 9 g and 2525 ± 450 rad/s². Similar to the head impact exposure experienced by high school and collegiate players, these data show that middle school football players experience a greater number of head impacts during games than practices. There were no significant differences between median and 95th percentile head acceleration magnitudes experienced during games and practices; however, a larger number of impacts greater than 80 g occurred during games than during practices. Impacts to the front and back of the helmet were most common. Overall, these data are similar to high school and college data that have been collected using similar methods. These data have applications toward youth football helmet design, the development of strategies designed to limit head impact exposure, and child specific brain injury criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our study sought to address four issues: (1) the relationship between postoperative overall anatomical knee alignment and the survival of total knee prostheses; (2) the relationship between postoperative coronal alignment of the femoral and tibial component and implant survival; (3) the relationship between postoperative sagittal alignment of the femoral and tibial components and implant survival; and (4) the relationship between postoperative rotational alignment of the femoral and tibial component and implant survival. Methods: We reviewed 1,696 consecutive patients (3,048 knees). Radiographic and computed tomographic examinations were performed to determine the alignment of the femoral and tibial components. The mean duration of follow-up was 15.8 years (range, 11-18 years). Results: Thirty (1.0 %) of the 3,048 total knee arthroplasties failed for a reason other than infection and periprosthetic fracture. Risk factors for failure of the components were: overall anatomical knee alignment less than 3° valgus, coronal alignment of the femoral component less than 2.0° valgus, flexion of the femoral component greater than 3°, coronal alignment of the tibial component less than 90°, sagittal alignment of the tibial component less than 0° or greater than 7° slope, and external rotational alignment of the femoral and tibial components less than 2° Conclusion: In order to improve the survival rate of the knee prosthesis, we believe that a surgeon should aim to place the total knee components in the position of: overall anatomical knee alignment at an angle of 3-7.5° valgus; femoral component alignment, 2-8.0° valgus; femoral sagittal alignment, 0-3°; tibial coronal alignment, 90°; tibial sagittal alignment, 0-7°; femoral rotational alignment, 2-5° external rotation; and tibial rotational alignment, 2-5° external rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of catastrophic head injuries recorded during the 2011 football season was the highest since data collection began in 1984-the vast majority of these cases were secondary to subdural hemorrhage (SDH). The incidence of catastrophic head injury continues to rise: the average yearly incidence from 2008 to 2012 was 238 % that of the average yearly incidence from 1998 to 2002. Greater than 95 % of the football players who suffered catastrophic head injury during this period were age 18 or younger. Currently, the helmet industry utilizes a standard based on data obtained at Wayne State University approximately 50 years ago that seeks to limit severity index-a surrogate marker of translational acceleration. In this manuscript, we utilize a focused review of the literature to better characterize the biomechanical factors associated with SDH following collisions in American football and discuss these data in the context of current helmet standard. Review of the literature indicates the rotational acceleration (RA) threshold above which the risk of SDH becomes appreciable is approximately 5,000 rad/s. This value is not infrequently surmounted in typical high school football games. In contrast, translational accelerations (TAs) experienced during even elite-level impacts in football are not of sufficient magnitude to result in SDH. This information raises important questions about the current helmet standard-in which the sole objective is limitation of TA. Further studies will be necessary to better define whether helmet constructs and quality assurance standards designed to limit RA will also help to decrease the risk of catastrophic head injury in American football. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We present a piezoelectric inertial energy harvester for human motion. [•] Benefits of rotational devices are discussed. [•] The successful results of a device test during a half marathon are presented. [•] Alterations to the magnetic coupling are made based on the findings. [•] Power output measurements in the laboratory consequently show significant improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The previously unassigned D 2 Π 1 / 2 - X 2 Δ 3 / 2 transition of TaO has been fully analyzed. • D 2 Π 1 / 2 state rotational, Λ-doubling, and hyperfine constants have been determined. • Wide hyperfine splittings are present that arise mostly in the upper state. • The predominant hyperfine interaction is from the Λ-doubling d parameter. The D 2 Π 1 / 2 - X 2 Δ 3 / 2 transition of TaO has been analyzed for the first time by recording a laser excitation spectrum of its (0,0) band, which lies near 696 nm. This band was first observed many years ago by Cheetham and Barrow (Trans. Faraday Soc. 63 (1967) 1835–1845), who did not undertake an analysis due to the dense rotational structure. The spectrum displays broad hyperfine structure arising from the 181Ta nucleus that is well resolved at the Doppler-limited resolution of the experiment. The data were fitted using an effective Hamiltonian expressed in a Hund's case (c) basis, confirming the upper state symmetry as 2 Π 1 / 2 and yielding an accurate set of molecular constants describing its rotational and hyperfine structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]