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This paper provides evidence on the impact of international migrants on regional innovation. The study combines administrative individual-level data covering all Australian residents with data on intellectual property rights applications such as patents, trademarks, and design rights. The analysis uses a standard shift-share instrument based on past migrant settlements to identify the causal effects of migration on innovation. Its four main findings are the following: First, on average, a one percentage point increase in the regional employment share of higher-educated migrants relative to total employment leads to a 4.8% rise in regional patent applications in the medium run (five years). Second, while migrants of all skill and education levels have a positive impact on patenting, those in scientific occupations have the largest effect. Third, regions with lower levels of patenting benefit relatively more from increases in migration compared to those with higher patenting levels. Fourth, there is no effect of migration on trademarks or design rights applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides novel evidence on the regional impact of international migration on native employment and wages in Australia, using unique administrative individual-level panel data covering all residents from 2011 to 2018. Employing a differences-in-differences estimation strategy and a well-established shift-share instrumental variable (IV) approach based on census data from 1981, the study addresses potential endogeneity concerns related to migrant settlement patterns. The analysis reveals a positive impact of migration on native employment across all skill levels, ages, and genders, while wages remain unaffected. Examining the drivers of the employment effect shows that the arrival of migrants leads to a substantial increase of newly employed natives in the region and a decrease in the number of previously employed natives, with the former outweighing the latter. Most of the dynamic results from geographic mobility rather than labour market transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the contribution of international migrants to regional differences in labour productivity in Australia. The study relies on individual-level administrative wage data from 2011 to 2018. It finds that a region with a 10% larger migrant share has, on average, a 1.3% larger regional wage difference, which indicates a positive link between migration and labour productivity. The presence of migrants benefits native workers with different skill levels residing in all types of regions. The positive effects of migrants are even more pronounced for higher-skilled migrants. Concretely, a region with a 10% larger share of higher-skilled migrants has, on average, a 1% higher regional productivity difference. However, these additional benefits mainly accrue to more productive regions and those with higher migrant shares than the median region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper offers an overview of recent trends in regional employment and productivity, and describes the characteristics and geographic distribution of migrants in Australia. Additionally, it provides insights on the relationship between migration, employment, and productivity at the regional level in Australia as well as in other OECD regions. It shows that migrants in Australia are more likely to live in metropolitan regions and have much higher average education relative to native-born than in other OECD countries. Yet, despite their higher level of education, migrants have lower employment rates, mainly arising from a low labour market participation of foreign-born women. It also documents that regions with a higher share of migrants also have higher native employment rates and higher levels of labour productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an overview of recent trends in regional employment and productivity, and describes the characteristics and geographic distribution of migrants in Australia. Additionally, it provides insights on the relationship between migration, employment, and productivity at the regional level in Australia as well as in other OECD regions. It shows that migrants in Australia are more likely to live in metropolitan regions and have much higher average education relative to native-born than in other OECD countries. Yet, despite their higher level of education, migrants have lower employment rates, mainly arising from a low labour market participation of foreign-born women. It also documents that regions with a higher share of migrants also have higher native employment rates and higher levels of labour productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous peoples have rightful aspirations for their languages and cultures, supported under international conventions, jurisdictional treaties, laws, policies and enquiry recommendations. Additionally, the inclusion of Indigenous languages in education can impact positively on Indigenous students' learning, engagement, identity and well-being, and can increase involvement of their communities in education. This working paper provides an overview of Indigenous languages learning in Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia and Canada. These three jurisdictions participate in an OECD initiative Promising Practices in Supporting Success for Indigenous Students, designed to help education systems to improve the experiences and outcomes of Indigenous students in education. The significance of Indigenous languages constitutes common ground between the diverse Indigenous peoples in these three countries. But learning in Indigenous languages and learning Indigenous languages follow diverse pathways with local language programme designs that fit the different historical and contemporary language contexts within and between the countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a Financial Stress Index (FSI) for a small open economy, which aims to provide clear and timely signals of financial market strains. This can be used in developing appropriate responses to address these adverse events. To do so, we use the principal component framework and apply it to Australian monthly data on interest rates, spreads, exchange rates, house price growth and ination expectations. Decomposing the index into foreign and domestic components, we find that the foreign factors can explain more than half (57.4%) of our Australian Financial Stress Index (AFSI). To determine the information content of our index, we run a series of Granger causality tests on several economic and financial observables. We also estimate whether including the AFSI can improve the prediction of the different economic and financial outcomes relative to a specification that uses only its own previous data. We find that including the AFSI improves the forecasts for future retail sales growth and bank credit growth. Finally, we show that financial stress can have non-linear effects on bank credit growth. In particular, an increase in financial stress affects credit growth more adversely if AFSI is high. This result further highlights the importance of an accurate and timely measure of financial stress in an economy for researchers and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A country report for Australia is presented from publisher Country Watch, with topics including economic growth, governance and politics, and foreign investment.

A country report for Australia is presented from publisher MarketLine, with topics including economic growth, social analysis, and political structure.

This document is a policy profile on education in Australia, providing analysis of the educational context, strengths, challenges, and policies in the country. It covers various aspects of education, including student outcomes, institutions, system organization, and funding. The profile highlights the need to address equity and quality, prepare students for the future, nurture a trusted teaching profession, improve evaluation and assessment, enhance governance, and optimize funding. It also discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education system and provides recommendations for improving education policy in Australia. The document acknowledges Australia's high performance in education but also identifies areas for improvement, such as disparities in tertiary education access and outcomes, student well-being issues, and skills gaps. It discusses efforts being made to support students with disabilities and improve vocational education and training programs. The document also addresses issues related to school leadership, teacher attrition, and teaching conditions, and emphasizes the importance of evaluation and assessment in improving student outcomes. It provides international examples and policy pointers for action in each area. The document concludes by discussing the governance of education in Australia and the funding challenges faced by the education system. It suggests ways to enhance resource allocation and increase affordability in early childhood education, as well as introduce performance-based funding in post-secondary and higher education. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the education system in Australia and offers insights for policymakers and researchers. [Extracted from the article]

Hastie has argued that, through its media discourse and legislative response, Australia is 'a helpful case study of a democracy that has taken action to protect itself' against threats from the PRC.[86] This chapter has indicated that other states would benefit from looking to Australia's response for cautionary as well as salutary lessons. Footnotes 1 Amy Searight, "Countering China's Influence Operations: Lessons from Australia", Center for Strategic and International Studies, 8 May 2020; Daniel Tobin, 'How Xi Jinping's "New Era" Should Have Ended U.S. Debate on Beijing's Ambitions', Testimony Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on 'A "China Model?" Greenpeace argued the new laws would 'have the effect of criminalising public participation in Australia's democracy'.[54] Legal experts were particularly concerned with the finalised EFI Law's expansion of the scope of "national security" to include Australia's "political, military or economic relations with another country". In fact, a criminal offence of "interference with political liberties" had already existed in Australia since 1914.[67] Since its passage through parliament, the Australian government has established a cross-departmental National Counter Foreign Interference Taskforce, under the National Counter Foreign Interference Coordinator (NCFIC), who is an officer from the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) seconded to the Department of Home Affairs. [Extracted from the article]

A country report for Australia is presented from publisher MarketLine, with topics including Gross Domestic Product, economic recovery from Covid-19 crisis, and political structure.

The article presents a country report on the economic, social, and political condition of Australia, as of November 2014. Topics discussed include the plan of the government to produce a White Paper on comprehensive tax reform, the bilateral trade agreement of the country with Japan, and the political reform agenda of the administration. Other issues discussed are tariff and non-tariff barriers, international agreements, and labor conditions.

The article reports on the launching of the Defense White Paper Community Consultation Program, directed by Minister for Defence Hon Joel Fitzgibbon on June 5, 2008 in Australia. Upon the launching, Fitzgibbon released a public discussion paper which will help the citizens to give ideas and expand the public debate about defence and security. The program is formed as part of the white paper process, which serves as a crucial planning document that will form the future defence capabilities.

The article discusses the accountability and public administration of Aboriginal medical service in Australia. Topics discussed include Aboriginal service delivery, transformation of post-colonial self-determination policy under the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC), and restructure of neo-liberal New Public Management (NPM).

A report on accountability for public value in the Australian Aboriginal community controlled health sector and the government agencies that fund them as of January 2015 is presented. Topics include the need to improve efficiency of services, costs of health care, the governance and management of community-sector organisations, and the changes in the narratives of public administration. Also discussed are the changes in Aboriginal service delivery and developments in public administration.

A country report for Australia is presented from publisher MarketLine, with topics including economic growth in Australia, drought threats, and low wage concerns.

A country report for Australia is presented from publisher PRS Group as on August 1, 2018, with topics including political, financial and economic risk for five years ahead.

The article presents the political and economic outlook for Australia for 2013 to 2017. The challenges facing the government of Prime Minister Julia Gillard are elaborated. Also provided are data and charts showing the country's annual, quarterly and monthly economic performance, trends and comparative economic indicators. The economic and political forecasts and analysis for the country are also discussed.

The article discusses the differences between the national qualification frameworks (NQFs) in Northern Ireland, England, and Wales, Scotland, New Zealand, and Australia. It states that the NQFs differ in the implementation processes, design, and achievements, but their aims are roughly similar. Meanwhile, it mentions that qualifications frameworks are designed to increase the esteem's parity between academic and vocational education.

The article offers information related to Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF). It says that AQF has encompassed in post-compulsory qualifications including senior school certificates, vocational education and training (VET) qualifications, and higher education qualifications. It states that AQF needs a reform as part of education policy changes by presenting the new AQF Council (AQFC), but may pose problems if a unified tight qualifications framework occurs.

The article presents a review of Australia's economic performance as of January 2009. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth amounted to just 0.1% quarter on quarter in the third quarter of 2008, pulling the country's year-on-year growth down to 1.9%. Consumer confidence fell with reduced household wealth and concern over job security. Spending on dwellings rose by 0.2% in the third quarter of 2008, but home-building approvals fell by 8.3% in the third quarter and by 5.4% in October 2008.

The article discusses the licensing policy of Australia on foreign companies. Foreign companies use licensing in the country's many sectors, such as information technology. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission is the one that regulates the franchise since 1998. Details of the law of Australia concerning intellectual property (IP) are given. Several licensing agreements in the country as of January 2008 are cited, including GE Security and QRSciences and Namco-Bandai and MobileActive.

The article discusses licensing foreign companies' proprietary technology in Australia. Licensing allows them to minimize their investment and ongoing capital. Intellectual-property laws, including the Copyright Legislation Amendment Act of 2004, Innovation Patent Act of 2000 and the Trade Marks Act of 1995 provide protection to licensed works. Details on the registering and negotiating a license is also discussed.

The article presents an overview on licensing regulation for foreign investments in Australia. Foreign investment policies pose no barriers to multinational companies establishing businesses in the country. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission is responsible for regulating franchises. The country's intellectual property laws offer protection for copyright works, patents, trademarks etc.

Describes the licensing practices in Australia. Use of licensing by foreign companies operating in the country; Utilization of franchising to establish businesses; Protection of intellectual property.

Focuses on the political developments in Australia as of April 2003. Support of Prime Minister John Howard for the U.S.-led war against Iraq; Rejection of government legislation to increase co-payments for medicines by Australian Senate.

Details the economic outlook for Australia for 2002-03. Federal budget deficit; Future surpluses anticipated; Budget aggregates; Spending on transport and payments to the U.S.

Highlights the political and economic outlook for Australia for 2001-02. Domestic politics; International relations; Economic policy trends; Fiscal policy; Monetary policy; Economic forecasts; Financial indicators; Commodity prices; Exchange rates.

The article reports that Australia and New Zealand are open to input on the paper by Australia's Food Regulation Standing Committee (FRSC) to label sugar content on packaged food and drinks. Stating the inadequacy of the present information on food labels about added sugar content, the governments seek consultation of the food and drinks industry to choose among the possible options for sugar labelling.

Executive summary. As in many Western countries, the rise in cohabitation in Australia represents one of the most striking of the many changes to family life that have emerged since the 1970s. Not only is cohabitation now the normative pathway to marriage, but it is also increasingly used as a context for raising a family. While there is considerable evidence suggesting that cohabiting couples are more likely to separate than married couples, much of this research has not assessed whether this applies where children have been born of the cohabiting relationship. Some overseas studies have suggested that children with biological married parents have higher wellbeing than those whose biological parents are cohabiting. Nevertheless, a less favourable picture for those in cohabiting rather than married families has not been apparent across all wellbeing measures examined or in all studies. Based on the data of the first three waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, this paper focused on the wellbeing of young Australian children who were living with their cohabiting or married biological parents or with their sole mother over a four-year period (Wave 1 to Wave 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses quarterly indicators of trade data in Australia.

A country report for Australia is presented from publisher MarketLine, with topics including economic growth, reunification efforts, and political structure.

A table is presented depicting the objectives of affordable and social housing policies in countries such as Australia, Canada and Japan.

The report on the political risk services of Australia as of September 2015 is presented, with information on the country's political framework, geography, government, and economic forecast.

A country report for countries like Australia, Bangladesh and China is presented from publisher The PRS Group, Inc., with topics including investments, government stability and risks such as political, financial and economic risk.

The article focuses on factors and consequences related to attendance in primary school. Topics discussed include attendance rates in Australian schools, attendance policy in the country and non-attendance and academic achievement in primary school (NAPLAN). Issues associated with school absenteeism are also discussed.

The article discusses the patterns of employment of working mothers in Australia. It highlights the differences between mothers in terms of their family and personal background, occupations, hours of work, and age of children. It mentions mothers' employment transitions including the rate of taking part-time job and resignation and the shift from part-time to full-time job. It describes the impact of attitudes and preferences of mothers on their decision to work and balance their family life.

A country report for Australia is presented from publisher MarketLine, with topics including the problem of asylum seekers, the rising stock of foreign direct investments (FDI) and the launch of the National Broadband Network (NBN) project.

The article reports on the release of a consultation paper on a national standard on egg labelling in Australia. Consumer Affairs Ministers reportedly agreed this consultation paper would be the first step in identifying what further action may be required to offer consumers assurance that their free range eggs are labelled correctly. Some of the possibilities being considered are noted that include a basic definition of free range.

This publication presents tabular representations of income support customers in Australia in 2013 with data provided by the Department of Human Services, including student and labour market related payments, family assistance, and pensioners paid overseas.

The article explores the Carer Payment or Carer Allowance given by the Australian government to young people under 25 years old. The young carers featured in the authors' study were nine times more likely to be living in areas of high socioeconomic disadvantage and many of them were part of a network of caring provision. They found that most of those receiving Carer Payment or Carer Allowance did not have substantial levels of engagement with the workforce while they were receiving support.

The article focuses on the economic policy in Australia. In September 2006, the Award Review Taskforce has released its report on award wage and classification structures. Political issues associated with the issue of award rationalisation are mentioned. Moreover, it reveals the percentage of stocks to be disposed by the federal government in telecommunications firm Telstra.

The article focuses on the future of young people of Australia in education and career. It discusses the co-residence and financial transfers of parental supports and highlights the financial support given by parents to young people. It discusses the Youth in Focus (YIF) Survey data on income support of family of Australia to young persons. It concludes that the young people who live with their parents receive less financial support that those who live apart.