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One of the most important goals of foreign language teaching is to enable students to use the target language in everyday situations. Developing lexical competence in foreign language learning can play an important role in achieving this goal. The aim of the present study is to call attention to the importance of teaching collocations in foreign language education. The first part of the paper gives an overview about collocations and collocational competence. In the second part of the paper, I would like to focus on principles of phraseology and foreign language teaching methodology that can be used for teaching collocations in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slovo a Slovesnost is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Language Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on the Italian multiword expression fuga dei cervelli (en. 'brain drain'), used since the 1960s and, nowadays, pivot of an ideologically oriented storytelling. This work aims to shed some light, in particular, on the following points: frequency evolution (in comparison to English, French, Spanish and German synonimes); lexical integration strategies and paths; transformations (variants, derived collocations, parodic reformulations, etc.); used synonimes; referential scope (who fugge 'runs away' from where?); conclusions are dedicated to outline future steps of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at exploring the semantic innovation paszport 'passport' in Polish. The analysis involves a comparison of the traditional meanings of the word (taken from dictionaries of Polish: USJP, WSJP PWN, and WSJP PAN) and new meanings in texts excerpted from the Internet. Additionally, OED is consulted for the definitions of its English counterpart (passport). The study shows that the word paszport appears in new meanings and new collocations (usually triggered by English), and its development in Polish can be seen as multidirectional. Additionally, the author discusses a word from the normative point of view and concludes that it is often overused and its new uses are not always warranted and necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics / Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada (John Benjamins Publishing Co.) is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the difficulties of translating Chinese expressions frequently used in communicating governmental policies to the public. In particular, we focus on the expression wenming 文明, a term with manifold meanings and uses, which often ends up being translated into English simply as 'civilised'. This translational convention is problematic because wenming in Chinese tends to be used in many collocations where the English civilised sounds distinctly alien. In order to systematically investigate this translational problem, we propose a bottom-up tri-partite approach to the study of Chinese policy expressions in general and wenming in particular. This novel mixed-method approach not only allows us to go beyond essentialist generalisations about expressions frequented in Chinese political discourse, but more importantly it allows us to unearth and label practical difficulties faced by translators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a corpus-based discourse analysis approach, this paper presents a diachronic-cum-contrastive study of institutional translators' mediation of Chinese political discourse through personal pronouns and their collocations with modal verbs, with a view to identifying how interpersonal relations and power distance are diachronically mediated between the author and the readers when recontextualized. The corpus comprises six Work Reports of the Communist Party of China and their corresponding English translations from the 1990s to the 2010s. Textual analysis reveals that there has been a diachronically shifting trend across the six TTs towards constructing a closer and more symmetrical relationship with the target readers vis-à-vis the STs by manipulating personal pronouns. Moreover, the prevalent collocational patterns of 'we' with modal verbs tend to shift from encoding obligation in the earlier TTs to emphasizing inclination in more recent TTs. Further critical analysis of the metadiscourse of China's institutional translation of political discourse suggests that such shifts over time have been motivated by a major ideological evolution in the Chinese political context and the changing target readership. Our findings suggest that a corpus-based diachronic perspective on translation may unveil subtle, patterned variations in minor linguistic signs that provide important clues to broader contextual transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a novel methodological approach to the study of prescriptive language norm dissemination. It reports the result of a study which uses Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (cads) inductively, to identify lexis and discursive patterns indicative of normativity and prescriptivism, in a corpus of literary reviews from Late Modern English. Previous attempts to identify prescriptivism using corpus-based approaches have tended to proceed deductively, using pre-defined indicators of prescriptivism. However, this study uses a speculative research model which proceeds inductively, allowing the datatset to direct the analysis. Thus, whereas research using pre-defined 'indicators of prescriptivism' risks overlooking significant patterns of usage, this approach facilitates a synergy of quantitative and qualitative corpus methods which both yields a broad overview of usage patterns and enables in-depth analysis of relevant discourses. Keywords are used to engage quantitatively with a purpose-built corpus, before collocation and concordancing are used iteratively, allowing immersion of the researcher in the dataset. This methodology yields a set of lexical items which identify moments of prescriptivism and/or normativity in the purpose-built corpus. The findings reported demonstrate the promise of using discourse analytic procedures to examine the performance and dissemination of normativity, in a way that could ultimately be replicated in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of syntactic collocations that include the constraints on an adjective phrase (AP) and adverbs or final particles (X) in the ɬwa:n⁵ + AP + X construction, as well as its pragmatic features and grammatical functions in the Kam language. ɬwa:n⁵ functions as an exclamative marker (EM) that conveys the expressive meaning of the speaker's attitude. The primary lexical meaning of ɬwa:n⁵ is 'to calculate' or 'to regard as', and the word is borrowed from Chinese (算 suàn, 'to count', 'to calculate', 'to regard as'). The role of ɬwa:n⁵ in the construction ɬwa:n⁵ + AP + X will mainly be discussed in this paper. In addition, the adjectives that can collocate with ɬwa:n⁵ are subject to a gradeability restriction, that is, only gradable adjectives can collocate with ɬwa:n⁵. In general, the ɬwa:n⁵ construction is used to express that the speaker expected an existing situation with a gradable property; in reality, the degree follows a particular scalar and surpasses the expectation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Applied Linguistics Journal is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Íkala: Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the introductory article to this special issue, the two editors first provide a brief insight into how it arose and then give an overview of the contents of the individual papers, all of which are dedicated to phraseography or metaphraseography. These two fields of linguistic research belong to both phraseology and (meta-)lexicography and deal with the inclusion of phrasemes in dictionaries and the corresponding practical and theoretical issues. The articles also have in common that they focus on various diatopic Romance varieties spoken in Italy (Genoese, Trentino, Piedmontese, Tuscan, regional Italian of Rome, Sardinian, Catalan of Alghero), Croatia (Istriot), Spain and Latin America (regional varieties of Spanish). Since the term phraseme is used in a broad sense in this publication, numerous different phraseological categories are discussed in the papers, including, for example, syntagmatic verbs and partially lexically filled constructions, in addition to more classical categories such as idioms, proverbs and collocations. Finally, it will be briefly argued why this special issue, which is inspired by the two research projects GEPHRAS and GEPHRAS2, can be regarded as particularly innovative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyse critically media headlines of leading Indian e-papers during the crisis of Pulwama phase igniting from 14th of February to 31st of March 2019. The study has included five newspapers from India. The research has examined role of concordance of lexicon and collocations for angling news headlines. The research design is qualitative in approach. For the analysis of news headlines Fairclough's 3-D model (1992) is employed to expose ideological representation through semantic devices (concordance and collocations). Theoretical framework includes selected features of Paul Chilton's Model of Deictic Space Theory (2004) like, Proximization, and Wieczorek's (2013) Clusivity to analyse the text. The results give deeper understanding of indian journalistic discourse that shows Concordance of use of words like terrorist/s, attack, JeM, dangerous and phrases like punishing Pakistan, threats of surgical strike, reflects the trend to be so grave and lethal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man's discernments or perspectives about the truth are molded and formed by the language in which they are communicated. In this way, our insight into ethical quality is communicated in the language we use. This paper looks at the interrelatedness of language and ethical quality utilizing the lattice of Gabriel Okara's 'The Voice'. It investigates the connection among language and ethical quality, and how they highlight in the genuine situation. It uses the technique for literary examination and hermeneutic phenomenology in doing the exploration. It presumes that language and profound quality are indivisibly bound together. It suggests a reappraisal of Okara's origination of language and profound quality inside the structure of African morals. Past linguistic examinations on Gabriel Okara's 'The Voice' have focused on the trial procedure of literal interpretation which the creator embraced in the message, in light of the waiting issue of language in African writing. Such investigations definitely stand out to talk highlights utilized by the creator, which are basic to the portrayal of the language of the text. With Halliday's foundational practical sentence structure, inside the expansive talk elaborate hypothetical system, as the scientific model, this review, consequently, looks at the message as friendly talk, zeroing in on paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations like synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy and collocation, separately, which help the creator not exclusively to convey meaning, yet additionally to accomplish union and rationality in the message. The review upgrades the comprehension and understanding of the language of Gabriel Okara's text specifically and literary discourse in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a corpus linguistic perspective on two adjectival suffixes -al and -ell in the German language. Its attention is focused on the distributional frequency of the derived adjectives, the semantic motivation and contextual occurrence through the lens of retried adjective + noun collocations. On top of that, the paper attempts to determine the superiority of such derived adjectives in the specialised vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MWE knowledge is key in the process of learning a foreign language, but its teaching remains hindered by the lack of list of expressions connected to pedagogical aims. In this paper, we present an extended version of the PolylexFLE database, containing 4,525 French multiword expressions (MWE) of three types: idioms, collocations or fixed expressions. In order to propose exercises following the difficulty scale of the European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), we used a mixed approach (manual and automatic) to annotate 1,186 expressions according to the CEFR levels. The paper focuses mostly on the automatic procedure that first identifies the expressions from the PolylexFLE database (and their variants) in a corpus of pedagogical texts (with CEFR labels) using a pattern-based system. In a second step, their distribution in this corpus is estimated and transformed into a single CEFR level. The automatic approach proposed is finally evaluated by 52 French as foreign language learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify what archaic words/word groups were still known and used both among language speakers and Turkish National Corpus (TNC) as an indication of lexical change in Turkish from 1900 to 2020. The present study explores the diachronic variation of lexical change in Turkish by combining the corpus-based variationist sociolinguistic approach with the perspective of historical sociolinguistics. The words/collocations thought to be outdated from the original version of "Eylül" novel, written in 1900, were selected and randomly subsampled using a computer-based randomization algorithm. A survey was formed using the outdated words/collocations along with the context. The results indicated that demographical variables did not affect word knowledge and that the archaic words were unfamiliar to all participants uniformly. The overall comparison of words/collocations tested in TNC and survey indicated similar results as the most and the least frequently used words were also the most and least abundantly present in TNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of mind mapping on Ethiopian secondary school students' English collocation learning. The study specifically tried to check the effectiveness of mind mapping on adjective-preposition and verb-noun combination collocations. A sample of 110 grade 12 students who were learning in two sections at Majete General Secondary School, North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, participated in the study. One of the two sections was randomly assigned to an experimental group, while the other one was labeled as a control group. A pre-test and two post-tests were used as data-gathering instruments. The data were analyzed by using mean scores, paired samples, and independent sample t-tests. The results revealed that although the two sections had no significant difference in their pre-test results, in the immediate and delayed post-tests, the score of adjective-preposition & verb-noun collocations of the experimental group students was significantly higher than the score of the control group students who learnt those collocations without mind map. Based on this, it could be concluded that using mind map was an effective strategy to improve EFL high-school students' collocations learning. Accordingly, it is recommended that EFL teachers and students should use mind-map during their collocations lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although extensive research has been carried out on collocation processing, it is still unclear how cross-language overlap and transparency influence the processing of collocations by L2 learners. In the current study, a phrase judgment task was used to investigate the processing of congruent (i.e., exist in both English and Arabic) and incongruent collocations (i.e., exist only in English) by Arabic non-native speakers of English. The semantic transparency of the items was controlled for. Results demonstrated the effect of congruency on processing: congruent items yielded more correct responses and faster response times than incongruent items. The effect of congruency wasmodulated by proficiency, with congruency having a stronger effect on lower-proficiency learners than higher-proficiency learners. Transparency had no effect, with no differences in response times and accuracy between transparent and opaque collocations. The findings have implications for the learning and teaching of L2 collocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspaper political cartoons, known for their satirical nature, employ semiotic and linguistic techniques to comment on or criticise political leaders and events humorously. While previous studies on Nigerian newspaper political cartoons have focused on ideological issues and discourse frames, little attention has been given to the linguistic investigation of semiotic humour techniques in these cartoons. This study, therefore, investigates these humour techniques, utilising Salvatore Attardo and Victor Raskin's General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH) as the framework within a descriptive design. Three newspapers – Punch, The Guardian, and Daily Trust – were purposively selected for their regular publication of cartoons, criticising Nigeria's politics. Eleven political cartoons were purposively selected for their semiotic and humorous depictions of Nigeria's politics, and subjected to linguistic analysis. Six semiotic humour techniques were identified in the cartoons: exaggeration, humorous metaphor, distortion of formulaic expressions, neologism, innovative collocation, and sarcasm. These techniques were employed to satirise three governance issues in Nigeria – misgovernance, corruption and insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the effects of congruency and frequency on adjective-noun collocational processing for Chinese learners of English at two proficiency levels based on the data obtained in an online acceptability judgment task. The subject pool of this research included 60 English majors studying at a university in China; 30 were selected as a higher-proficiency group and 30 as a lower-proficiency group according to their Vocabulary Levels Test (Schmitt et al., 2001) scores and their self-reported proficiency in English. The experimental materials were programmed to E-prime 2.0 and included six types of collocations: (1) 15 high-frequency congruent collocations, (2) 15 low-frequency congruent collocations, (3) 15 high-frequency incongruent collocations, (4) 15 low-frequency incongruent collocations, (5) 15 Chinese-only items, and (6) 75 unrelated items for baseline data. The collected response times (RTs) and accuracy rates data were statistically analyzed by the use of an ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons through SPSS 16.0 software. The results revealed that: (1) the adjective-noun collocational processing of Chinese English learners is influenced by collocational frequency, congruency and L2 proficiency; (2) the processing time is affected by the interaction of congruency and frequency; and (3) the interactive effect of L2 proficiency in conjunction with congruency and frequency also influences the processing quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a protocol for using dictionaries in classroom activities to support language learning and develop language awareness (Nied Curcio 2022). A group of undergraduate foreign language students was guided through the process of compiling a multilingual Covid-19 dictionary, which provides collocational data to support language production and improve fluency in an L2. The activities were an integral part of a BA course in Lexicology and Lexicography. Lexonomy was used as the project editing tool. The compilation process not only shed light on the students' challenges in basic language skills, such as syntactic analysis, but also highlighted the importance of refining the proposed teaching programme to include more detailed metalinguistic explanation and an augmented dictionary microstructure. Besides, the skills that emerged from the experiments conducted also provide valuable insights for research into dictionary use and the design of effective dictionaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the efficacy of explicit lexical collocation instruction via the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). To improve competence in lexical collocation and writing performance and to examine whether collocational competence and writing performance have a linear interrelation, 16 international English for Academic Purposes students received training on the use of the COCA interface. They were asked to first analyze the lexical collocations used in an academic paper, then search COCA for collocations to see how they are used pragmatically, and, finally, write an academic research paper on their own. A dependent t-test measured significant differences in performance, and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient identified the strength of the correlation between lexical competence and writing performance and their association with each other, respectively. The results showed that when students are given explicit instruction on how to utilize COCA to identify lexical collocations and their use in various contexts, both their lexical collocational competence and writing performance improves and, furthermore, these improvements correlate with each other. Implications for teaching lexical collocation are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to test productive collocational competence of German as a foreign language students at the University of Debrecen. The test aims to analyze compensational strategies that are used by students in their texts. In the first part of this paper we take a look at the terms collocation and collocational competence and the second part aims to show the results of the written test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In language teaching, a study of the corpora gives teachers access to authentic texts and the language of these texts is the language used in real-life communication. Social structures and culture-defined representations of gender influence sexist language or choice of words based on gender bias. Based on the premise that adjectives as 'describing words' help define and express human behaviour, attitude and psyche, this research paper tries to explore and compare collocational behaviour of adjectives using four pairs of female and male nouns for marital relationships (bachelor and spinster, bridegroom and bride, husband and wife, and widower and widow) in the British and the Indian contexts. Considering that these four noun pairs sequentially represent the four stages in a marital relationship, this comparative analysis tries to demonstrate with collocational evidence the categorization of social identity and power distribution, the presence of sexism in language usage, and analyzes and interprets the cultural meanings they embody. By examining the gendered adjective-noun collocational frequencies and dispersions in the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Kolhapur Corpus of Indian English (KC), this paper seeks to present certain key perspectives in gender representations in two diverse socio-cultural and historical backgrounds and analyze how gendered language is used by native and non-native speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines patterns of representation of gender in a domain-specific heritage corpus. To accomplish this, a heritage corpus of mountaineering texts is examined for the strategies employed in the representation of gendered social actors. The research presented uses the corpus The New Zealand Alpine Journal Corpus, an 8-million-word corpus of the New Zealand Alpine Journal (NZAJ) with more than 5000 texts related to the topic of mountaineering. Mountaineering texts have been relatively overlooked in discourse studies so far, even though, like other leisure and sports discourses, the topic has always been highly political. Furthermore, the topic is outstanding in that it is a sport without spectators that relies almost exclusively on discursive events. The present study looks at frequently occurring patterns and typical ways of how gendered social actors are (re)produced within the NZAJ by looking at adjectival and numeral collocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic work is usually evaluated by the quality of its abstract which serves as a concise summary of the research findings. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the rhetorical structure of Move1 in the abstracts of post-graduate dissertations from both Hard Science and Soft Science disciplines. The paper intends to answer three main questions: how is Move1 manifested in terms of its text length? What are the most frequently used Sub-Move patterns of Move1? What are the most common lexical collocations used in Move1? To answer these questions, the study uses Santos’ (1996) framework to analyze a corpus of 100 abstracts selected randomly, 50 from Hard Science and 50 from Soft Science. The findings have revealed that Move1 in Soft Science might use more sentences than those in Hard Science. The findings have also shown that both disciplines rely on Sub-Move-A, stating current knowledge, and Sub-Move2, stating the research gap, as essential for communicating their ideas while the other Sub-Moves were rarely used. In terms of lexical collocations, while post-graduates in both disciplines frequently used the Adjective+Noun lexical collocation as their preferred structure to construct M1, the use of the other lexical collocations varied in both disciplines. The study concluded that Move1 is considered obligatory in situating the research, establishing its context, and capturing and communicating findings. Besides the pedagogical implications suggested, the study’s findings hopefully contribute to the development of abstract move-schema theory, enhance scholarly understanding of Move1 characteristics, and guide future research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of collocations in language learning cannot be overstated, particularly with successful academic writing. Previous research on collocation compilation has focused on identifying and compiling lists of general multiword expressions (MWEs) found in academic genres for pedagogical purposes. However, the wide-angle approach employed by these studies may be insufficient for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses, given certain formalities and conventions associated with academic texts, which are often demonstrated through MWEs unique to each field or domain of study. This paper presents a corpus-based investigation to develop a list of commonly and pedagogically useful noun collocations specific to the Geographical Information System (GIS). The research used a corpus containing 1.5 million words from GIS research articles. An innovative four-step selection process was used to compile this list. The outcomes of this study are twofold. First, the collocations associated with the 20 most frequently encountered nouns (including noun + noun, noun + verb, verb + noun, and adjective + noun combinations) within the GIS research articles were identified. Second, this investigation presented fresh insights into the different categories of noun collocations. The research provides important pedagogical implications for ESP instruction, particularly on how collocations might be better understood and taught. The findings emphasise the necessity of focusing on domain-specific collocations, underscoring the role of context in language learning and teaching. The results are expected to help shape effective instructional strategies and material development in ESP classrooms, particularly in GIS-related contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corpus linguistic methods can now be easily employed in a wide range of studies within sub-disciplines of linguistics and well beyond. In a two-part paper, Gries (2022a, 2022b) challenges some of the most widely used 'association measures' of what many might feel to be powerful aspects of text patterning: collocation and key words. While the additional association measure offers some new possibilities, this paper highlights the strong influence of another frequency parameter on odds ratio and Gries's suggested association measure, and questions the applicability of his cautions for many different kinds of corpus research. Nevertheless, having been inspired to look at different aspects of association and dispersion more carefully, the author presents some new visualizations which were designed to communicate some of the important lessons to be learned from Gries's papers, especially for learners and teachers using corpus tools in Second Language classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wydawnictwo Adam Marszalek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the mental health discourse on the most popular Russian-language channels on YouTube. The main research focus is depression representations. In total 345 videos were examined, issued since 2015 and till 2021. Using theoretical thematic analysis, the content creator types are identified, and these types are compared in terms of their portrayals of depression. The findings demonstrate that the most popular Russian-language content was made by (1) specialists on mental health, (2) influencers and celebrities, (3) documentalists, and (4) experientialists. The channels of popular science, those with TV recordings, religious, esoteric, and artistic channels were found to be watched less, despite also featuring mental health. The results regarding depression representations showed that most content creators describe depression as an illness. Additionally, the depression portrayals from the contemporary, popular Russian-language YouTube channels generally correspond with contemporary medical perspectives on depression, and the authors discussed depression using words and collocations from the medical discourse. Therefore, it could be assumed that the Russian-language representations of depression on this platform are based on the medical explanatory model of depression and are highly medicalized. The paper contributes to studies of mental health discourse reception across cultures and media, as well as the literature on depression representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of linguistic complexity has been a heated topic in linguistics. While previous studies have mainly centered around English and other European languages, Chinese seems neglected to some extent, and the existing Chinese linguistic complexity metrics have room for improvement. Against these backdrops, the present study applied an information-theoretic approach - the Kolmogorov complexity system - to measure Chinese linguistic complexity and examined its reliability and validity. To this end, a corpus of c.a. 60 million characters was compiled, based on which the morphological, syntactical and overall Kolmogorov complexity metrics and 18 other complexity metrics used in previous studies were calculated and subjected to a series of correlation analyses. The results show that the three Kolmogorov complexity metrics are significantly correlated with each other and with most of the previously-used metrics at the character, lexical, syntactic and collocation tiers, indicating that the Kolmogorov complexity metrics are reliable in measuring Chinese. In terms of validity, a comparison between the Kolmogorov complexity of Chinese and nine European languages and a comparison between the Kolmogorov complexity of Chinese L1 and L2 of different proficiencies show that the Kolmogorov complexity precisely and parsimoniously captured the linguistic features of Chinese. The morphological Kolmogorov complexity reflects the richness of Chinese morphemes and the flexibility of word formation, and the syntactic Kolmogorov complexity supports the view that Chinese is a topic-prominent language. This study both extends the generalizability of Kolmogorov complexity and refines the measurement of the Chinese language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study took L2 English learners of different levels in China as subjects to investigate the relationship between collocational familiarity and collocational frequency as well as L1-L2 congruency, and then explored the development of the above relationship as L2 proficiency develops. The results showed that: a moderate positive correlation existed between familiarity and frequency, and the correlation increased with proficiency; a moderate positive correlation also existed between familiarity and congruency, but the correlation decreased with proficiency. Based on previous studies and the present findings, the research group infer that: low familiarity collocations tend to be represented and processed in analytic way and same-translation effect helps accelerate the semantic access of congruent collocations in this process; with the increase in learners' proficiency, collocation familiarity develops from low to high with frequency effect; high familiarity collocations tend to be represented and processed in holistic way to have direct semantic access; furthermore, learners of two levels have two kinds of collocational representation and semantic access, but low-level learners show more analytic representation and indirect semantic access because of having more low familiarity collocations in the mental lexicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the proliferation of corpora, various syntactic analysis methodologies have been developed. However, syntactic analysis of Chinese sentences demands a theory that focuses more on word order and the interaction between content and function words, which is satisfied by pattern grammar theory. This study investigates the effectiveness of pattern grammar theory in the analysis of Chinese sentence structure and explores the linguistic characteristics of official documents by establishing a description system for structural complexity in Chinese. Statistical methods such as skewness, kurtosis, and correlation analyses were employed to evaluate the system's performance. The findings confirm the effectiveness of pattern grammar in analyzing Chinese sentence structure by showing that it can accurately reflect the unique properties of Chinese official documents, such as the preference for fixed collocations, declarative sentences, and flat structures. Based on the above findings, this study provides a semantically compatible and innovative theoretical system for analyzing Chinese sentence structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis and Usage Fluctuation Analysis, this study investigated the discourse fluctuation of "Chinese aerospace" in the mainstream media of China, the US, the UK, and Russia, covering the initiating, consistent, transient and terminating collocates within the discourse; and also examines the diachronic change of their semantic similarity. It is further explained with an in-depth investigation of the ideology and social causes behind. Results show that Chinese and Russian media's attention to Chinese aerospace is on the rise, constructing an image of China as a strong nation leading in innovative aerospace technology; while British and American media's attention fluctuates considerably, conveying an ambitious image. This study offers a new perspective for the discourse analysis of news reports and contributes to the discursive construction of "Chinese aerospace". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thus far, glossing studies have remained at the level of individual words rather than including their lexical environment. To fill this gap, the present study explored if different glossing conditions would have a distinct impact on L2 reading comprehension and incidental lexical and collocational learning. Sixty-three first language (L1) Cantonese speakers read two English stories that contained 12 adjective-pseudonoun collocations. The participants were placed in one of the three conditions, i.e., unglossed, single-word glossed, and collocation glossed. Participants' reading comprehension was measured with twelve true-or-false statements for each story, and their lexical and collocational learning was assessed using unannounced recognition and recall tests. The results revealed that collocational glossing promoted reading comprehension significantly compared to the other two reading conditions. In addition, while both glossing conditions promoted lexical and collocational knowledge in the immediate posttest, collocational glossing demonstrated a more durable facilitative impact in the delayed posttest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite much research on the media coverage of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), the specific language and ideological underpinnings used in this discourse have received little attention. This study compares the discourse surrounding the GERD construction in Egyptian and Ethiopian news sources to identify variations in word choice and underlying biases. Using critical discourse analysis (CDA), the study analyzes two online English news corpora, totalling over a million words across 2655 articles. The analysis involves identifying statistically salient keywords in each corpus and examining their context through a contrastive collocation analysis. The study investigates the data in light of Fairclough's three-dimensional framework, which considers the text, discourse practice, and social practice, and applies van Dijk's concept of the ideological square to explore patterns of self-positive and other-negative representation. The findings reveal distinct patterns of bias in the news coverage from both countries. Egyptian news outlets often frame the GERD project as a source of crisis, depicting Ethiopia as violating international law and exacerbating political tensions. In contrast, Ethiopian news sources tend to portray Egypt as dismissive of Ethiopia's development rights and as monopolizing the Nile's resources. These discursive strategies reflect a broader trend of media bias, where lexical choices and framing techniques align with national interests and diplomatic stances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this paper is to present the potential of quantitative methods for the research of proper names (mostly personal and place names) as units operating in Czech texts. Three case studies treat particular research topics on the background of the development of Czech onomastics in the 20th century and in the first decades of the 21st century. They are aimed at 1) quantification of relational (semantic) patterns; 2) collocation analysis; 3) morphological categories of proper names. The text also provides an overview of previous attempts to apply quantitative and corpus approaches to proper name research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the theoretical background of data-driven learning (DDL) and its hands-on application in French Language Teaching, as well as the didactic potential of using text corpora functionalities to extract collocations. The second part focuses on the analysis of a project conducted among students of Romance Philology. Its objective was a corpus analysis of selected French terms and their Polish equivalents on the theme of social issues. The study reported a good understanding of the principles of corpus analysis by the students and an attempt to draw conclusions based on word frequency and extracted collocations. It was found that DDL could effectively deepen the development of lexical competence, especially as regards lexical combinations. Another conclusion points out that this approach allows the acquisition of extralinguistic competences - the student's autonomy in learning a foreign language, critical thinking and heuristic skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a corpus-driven approach, this paper will address an important aspect of formulaicity in travel journalism, an under-researched genre that has hitherto received scarce attention on the part of academics in general and linguists in particular. In order to compile three 1-million-word comparable corpora, travel articles were downloaded from the online versions of the Guardian, La Repubblica, and Gazeta, to constitute representative samples of the genre in English, Italian and Polish. The texts were annotated for part-of-speech and lemma using TreeTagger. Collocate pairs were then extracted from the annotated data using tailor-made Perl scripts. Subsequently a dispersion filter of presence in at least 20 different texts was applied. The resulting collocate pairs were placed into thematic groups, including: ACCOMMODATION, FOOD, NATURE, SPORT, CULTURE+HISTORY, PEOPLE, PLACE, TRANSPORT, LOGISTICS, PRICE, ACTIVITY, EVALUATION, ROUTE, BUSINESS and TIME. The first five categories were subjected to further analysis, and it emerged that there were notable differences in their relative proportions between the three languages. The results show a number of collocations that could be identified amongst the collocate pairs in the three languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates verbal polysemy in a trilingual French-Italian-Romanian corpus by analyzing the arguments that can occur in the predicative structure of three verbs that are used in legal and general language: engager, intenter, introduire and their equivalents in Italian and Romanian. This intralinguistic and interlinguistic comparison allows us to address verbal polysemy by focusing on the morphological and syntactic properties of the verbs, which will be analyzed at three levels. Firstly, we focus on the construction of the arguments (subject and object); secondly, we present the lexical and semantic classes to which the elements that can be found in argument position belong to; and thirdly, we analyse the equivalents in Italian and Romanian of the French verbal collocations formed around the three verbs. We therefore adopt "a method of rational resolution of the phenomena of linguistic polysemy of terms" (Escoubas-Benveniste 2012). On this basis, we will then discuss the implications and applications of the contrastive analysis in teaching legal translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyse an orthogonal pseudospectral collocation semidiscrete discretization the r-variable of the nonhomogeneous wave axial symmetric and continuous in the variable t. The analysis is based on an approximation property converges to the Gauss-Radau interpolation operator. We investigate the stability and the convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Word-Embedding models have enabled massive advances in natural language understanding tasks and achieved state-of-the-art performances in multiple natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we present an original method based on an "easy" meta-embedding to automatically detect and correct Arabic real-words errors that are semantically inconsistent with the context of the sentence. Due to the lexical proximity of words in Arabic, the risk of having this type of errors in documents is relatively high compared to other languages. Our method uses three word embedding techniques and their combination, namely SkipGram, FastText and BERT for both detection and correction. It checks the semantic affinity of words with the immediate context in a collocation and the near context of the sentence. Experiments have shown that the proposed meta-embedding improves the overall performance of our system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of collocations is essential for English academic writing. However, there are few academic collocation referencing tools available and there is a pressing need to develop more. In this paper, we will introduce the ACOP (Academic Collocations and Phrases Search Engine), a newly developed corpus-based tool to search large academic corpora. Using the AntCorGen corpus crawling tool, 100,000 articles from 10 academic areas were downloaded from the PLOS One journal database. A multidisciplinary 500-million-word academic corpus was thus created. Our team further developed the ACOP to allow users to search for collocations and phrases in the academic corpus that we compiled. Additionally, this new tool will allow learners to search for not only bigrams but also for three- to five-word strings. Learners can further search using parts of speech. To validate whether the new tool can assist EFL learners in finding appropriate academic collocations, we compared this tool with BYU's state-of-the-art COCA corpus search tool. The 35 students who participated in the study were randomly divided into two groups. One group used BYU's COCA tool and the other used the ACOP tool. Both groups were asked to identify suitable collocates for 25 gap-fill questions. Paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that both groups showed a significant improvement in the posttest when they had access to the collocation retrieval systems. However, statistically, the results showed no significant difference between the two tools, as they were equally useful in helping the students find appropriate collocates. According to the users' surveys, compared with the COCA group, the participants in the ACOP group found the ACOP easier to use and the interface was clearer and simpler. The Mann-Whitney U tests of the two groups showed significant differences in the aspect of the interface. The preliminary results indicated that the ACOP can assist EFL learners in finding suitable academic collocations and phrases, and the users' surveys showed positive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper dealt with the fact that despite its far reaching importance for language proficiency, collocation competence is one of the most neglected studies in L2 pedagogy. The last few decades have witnessed a growing interest in vocabulary items consisting of more than a single word in the field of language pedagogy. The study adopted descriptive survey, and has as its population the senior secondary students (SSS) three of Nigerian Turkish International College (NTIC), Abuja. 60 SS III students (30 males and 30 females) were randomly selected for the study who responded to a 15-item researcher-designed collocation questionnaire (RDCQ). Reliability index of the instrument, having dealt with its validity process, was determined via test re-test statistical device which produced 0.61 reliability index at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings of the analysis indicate that majority of the respondents ranging from 91.67o/o to 100o/o correctly responded to the RDCQ. For these, it was concluded that the respondents are to a greater extent good in vocabulary which has assisted them in collocation study, and also a good pointer for better performance in their senior school certificate examination (SSCE). Having concluded thus, it was recommended among others that students should be asked to read different types of textbooks, newspapers as well as periodicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cases of COVID-19 in Malaysia recorded a significant spike after the Sabah State Election, which was held on 26 September 2020. This paper aims to examine news reporting strategies before, during, and after the Sabah Election Day in Malaysia. Related articles from two online local newspapers (one mainstream and one alternative) are compiled into a corpus for this purpose and compared against each other. Using the corpus-assisted discourse approach, #LancsBox6.0 was used to compare statistically significant keywords and their collocates to analyse differences in the way the election was portrayed in both media channels. Findings revealed that both newspapers described news in relation to the number of COVID-19 cases in proximity to reporting of the state election. Arguably, reporting of events is (slightly) different and therefore has repercussions on the way news is represented in mainstream and alternative media. For example, although both online sources reported the significance of the Sabah state election to the rise in COVID-19 cases in Malaysia, The Star used more explicit referencing (e.g., is from Sabah; cases in Sabah) and had a more speculative type of reporting as some of the collocations were found to be from politicians' verbatim that indicated their weak arguments while Malaysiakini provided reports that proved the elections to have had a spill-over effect on the total number of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia. Collocation networks also proved to show differences in the way words are used in language and discourse and can be further explored in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]