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The degradation properties of Indium phosphide hetero-junction bipolar transistors (InP HBTs) under proton irradiation are studied and modelled using a compact model for pre-irradiation, post-irradiation, and post-annealing. The variation rates of the model parameters, such as the base–emitter saturation current (ISE) and ideality factor in the ideal region (NE) in the forward Gummel characteristics, the zero-biased capacitance (Cje) and the grading factor (Mjer) in the BE junction capacitance, and the transit time parameter in the base region (Tfb), are analysed to delve into the degradation mechanism induced by proton irradiation. The displacement damage, induced by proton irradiation in the space charge region of the base–emitter junction and in the quasi-neutral bulk base region, is found to be responsible for the decrease in current gain and cut-off frequency. After annealing, the variation rates of the parameters decrease significantly compared to post-irradiation. This suggests that the recombination of unstable defects leads to a slight recovery in the degradation characteristics of InP HBTs after a period of annealing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single-event effects (SEEs) of frequency divider circuits and the radiation tolerance of the hardened circuit are studied in this paper. Based on the experimental results of SEEs in InP HBTs, a transient current model for sensitive transistors is established, taking into account the influence of factors such as laser energy, base-collector junction voltage, and radiation position. Moreover, the SEEs of the (2:1) static frequency divider circuit with the InP DHBT process are simulated under different laser energies by adding the transient current model at sensitive nodes. The effect of the time relationship between the pulsed laser and clock signal are discussed. Changes in differential output voltage and the degradation mechanism of unhardened circuits are analyzed, which are mainly attributed to the cross-coupling effect between the transistors in the differential pair. Furthermore, the inverted output is directly connected to the input, leading to a feedback loop and causing significant logic upsets. Finally, an effective hardened method is proposed to provide redundancy and mitigate the impacts of SEEs on the divider. The simulation results demonstrate a notable improvement in the radiation tolerance of the divider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer cells are a class of important tumor biomarkers and are closely related to tumorous progression. It is urgent to develop a sensitive and highly efficient method for the rapid and accurate detection of cancer cells. Herein, an aptamer sandwiched nanochannel electrochemical sensor was established for the highly selective determination of cancer cells. By virtue of the porous nanochannels as the filter platform and immobilized with DNA aptamers for specifically capturing the cancer cells, the nanochannel‐based electrochemical sensor denotes excellent performance for MCF‐7 screening, and allowing a low limit of detection of 36 cells mL−1. The nanochannels‐based sandwich structure aptasensor not only presents an efficacious and reliable approach for cancer cell detection but also provides great advantage for preventing electrode passivation in the process of biomarkers analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Charcot‐Leyden crystals (CLCs) are recognized to be classic hallmarks of eosinophilic inflammation. Both protein and mRNA levels of CLC in nasal secretions and nasal brushing samples have been associated with nasal polyp recurrence. However, whether the crystalline CLC structures in nasal tissue could serve as an effective biomarker to predict polyp recurrence remains unclear. Methods: A total of 110 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) completing the postoperative follow‐up over a period of 24 months were recruited. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was employed for CLCs identification. The predictive factors for polyp recurrence were determined by binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Thirty three (30.00%) patients developed recurrence during a 24‐month postoperative follow‐up, in which 84.85% (28/33) patients had crystalline CLC structures. Logistic regression analysis showed that crystalline CLC structure in nasal tissues is predictive of polyp recurrence. Youden index demonstrated crystalline CLC structure higher than 1 per high power field can predict postoperative polyp recurrence with 84.80% sensitivity and 98.70% specificity. Conclusions: The crystalline CLC structures in nasal tissues may serve as an easy‐counting and promising biomarker to predict CRSwNP recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: CLCs; CRSwNP; ENT; immunology; morphology EN CLCs CRSwNP ENT immunology morphology 1 3 3 07/26/23 20230701 NES 230701 To the editor, We thank Dr. Sasaki, Dr. Suzaki, and Dr. Ueki for their interest and comments on the letter entitled "Predictive significance of Charcot-Leyden crystal structures for nasal polyp recurrence",[1] which raises several important points. Despite both hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunofluorescence (IF) histochemistry are methods for detecting crystalline CLCs, IF staining has long been supposed to have better efficiency and specificity in displaying crystalline CLCs morphology. Both data from us and others have demonstrated that CLCs serve as biomarkers for diagnosing eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (NPs) and predicting NP recurrence.[[1]] Although CLC protein has three distinct forms, including extracellular vesicles, extracellular soluble protein and crystalline CLC structures (CLCs), only crystalline CLCs could drive type 2 inflammation and allergic immunity.[[3]] Therefore, we think that detecting crystalline CLCs in tissue is crucial and meaningful. [Extracted from the article]

Objective To investigate the role of fatty liver index (FLI) in predicting the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study. A number of 1 398 participants from a medical examination center of PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center from June 2013 to September 2020 were enrolled. The participants were equal or more than 40 years old and without previous T2DM. The general information, physical examination data and laboratory indexes were analyzed, and the occurrence of T2DM was followed up as the research outcome indicator. According to the FLI levels at baseline, the research subjects were divided into FLI<30 group (824 cases), 30≤FLI<60 group (420 cases), and FLI≥60 group (154 cases). The t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the means of two or more groups of a categorical variable, and chi-square test was used for testing relationships on categorical variables. Non-parametric test (wilcoxon rank sum test) was used when the continuous variables were not distributed normally. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the risk of T2DM in the FLI group with different fasting glucose status at baseline. Results The average follow-up time of the study was 5.7 years. During the follow-up period, a total of 240 people (17.17%) were diagnosed with T2DM. Compared with those without T2DM group (1 158 cases), individuals with T2DM were older and had higher waist circumference, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test 2-hours plasma glucose and FLI levels (P<0.05). Participants with a family history of diabetes were more likely to develop T2DM (P< 0.01). After adjusting for baseline age, gender, smoking, drinking, exercise and family history of diabetes, among the participants with normal fasting glucose at baseline, compared with the population with FLI<30 group, the participants who with 30≤FLI<60 group (HR=1.18, 95%CI 0.84-1.64, P>0.05) and FLI≥60 group (HR=1.57, 95%CI 1.01-2.44, P<0.05) had higher risk of developing T2DM. Among the participants with impaired fasting glucose at baseline, compared with the FLI<30 group, participants with 30≤FLI<60 group (HR=1.19, 95%CI 0.44-3.20) and FLI≥60 group (HR=1.32, 95%CI 0.44-3.94) had higher risk of developing T2DM, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion In a certain department of physical examination center, without impaired fasting glucose, high FLI has predictive value for the risk of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For high-energy single ion events, the relationship between electronic energy loss mechanism and atomic processes is generally described by the inelastic thermal spike model. However, the parameters required for the model are not accurately known and are often estimated from a free electron gas model. To ensure this model is more reliable and predictive, a more accurate calculation for the parameters should be taken. In this paper, the temperature dependence of the electronic heat capacity and electron–phonon coupling factor (e-ph) has been calculated, using density functional theory (DFT). The calculation results demonstrate that the effect of electron thermal excitation on the thermodynamic parameters is sensitive to the bandgap, and these parameters vary immensely with the electron temperature. Besides, to verify the accuracy of obtained parameters, both the swift heavy ions (SHI) irradiation in crystalline 6H-SiC and amorphous 6H-SiC are simulated, using the inelastic thermal spike model. And the results are more consistent with the experiment conclusion, for the obtained parameters by DFT. Hence, the calculated temperature-dependent parameters are more suitable for the inelastic thermal spike model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the predictive role of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 1 989 participants who underwent medical examination in PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center from June 2012 to September 2019 were enrolled. The participants were equal or more than 40 years old and without previous T2DM. The general information, physical examination data, and laboratory indexes were analyzed, and the occurrence of T2DM was followed up as the research outcome. According to occurrence of T2DM, the subjects were divided into T2DM group and non-T2DM group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the risk of T2DM in people with MS and (or) IGT, and the population attribution score (PAF) was calculated to express the proportion of T2DM attributed to MS and IGT. Results The average follow-up time of the study was 5.1 years. During the follow-up period, a total of 291 people (14.6%) were diagnosed with T2DM. Compared with those without T2DM, individuals with T2DM were older and had higher waist circumference, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and oral glucose tolerance test 2-hours plasma glucose (P<0.01). Participants with a family history of diabetes and a history of smoking were more likely to develop T2DM (P<0.05). After adjusting for baseline age, gender, smoking, drinking, exercise, and family history of diabetes, participants with MC at baseline had a higher risk of developing T2DM (HR=2.84, 95%CI 1.20-6.69) and PAF (PAF=18.70%, 95%CI 11.82%-25.60%) than participants with non-MC. The risk of T2DM with IGT (HR=3.17, 95%CI 1.88-5.34) and PAF (PAF=21.63%, 95%CI 10.07%-35.53%) were higher than those with non-IGT. Participants with non-MC and IGT (PAF=11.50%, 95%CI 10.71%-19.83%) was more related to the incidence of T2DM than participants with MC and normal glucose tolerance (PAF=0.69%, 95%CI -5.75%-11.47%). Patients with MC who have IGT among the metabolic components have the highest risk of T2DM (HR=4.39, 95%CI 2.40-8.04) and the highest PAF (PAF=21.87%, 95%CI 10.63%-37.34%). Conclusions In this certain department of physical examination center, individuals with both MC and IGT have the high risk of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes. The fluctuation of the GSH level is closely associated with a variety of diseases and cellular functions. Hence, it is important to real-time monitor the fluctuation of GSH in living cells. In this work, we presented a rhodol-hybridized hemicyanine fluorophore (RdH) as a selective, rapid-response, ratiometric, and reversible fluorescent probe for intracellular GSH (t1/2 = 89 ms, Kd = 1.42 mM). The imaging assays in living cells revealed that RdH could be used to real-time monitor GSH dynamics in A549 cells under a laser scanning confocal microscope by ratiometric fluorescence changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, radiation experiments and simulations were carried out on perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The experimental results show that the PSCs in this work were robust to proton irradiation but more sensitive to electron irradiation, which is different from the results of previous studies. Simulations based on the Monte Carlo method show that the energy loss at the interface was much higher than that in the material bulk, and the interface was more sensitive to electron incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]