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The article explores the portrayal of comic characters in Miguel de Cervantes's novel Don Quijote de la Mancha. It discusses how Cervantes challenged the prevailing norms of his time by investing fundamentally comic characters with dignity and particularity. The article highlights the cultural context in which genres were defined by the opposition of high and low content and characters. It also discusses the complex character development and psychological depth of Don Quijote and Sancho Panza, as well as the use of scatological humor in the novel. The author argues that understanding the comedic elements of Don Quijote is crucial for a full appreciation of the novel and emphasizes the characters' contribution to the development of liberalism. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the novel Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes. It explores the different interpretations of the novel throughout history, ranging from a comedic work to a reflection of Spanish society and a critique of feudalism. The article also discusses the influence of José Ortega y Gasset's Meditaciones del Quijote and the socio-political and economic analyses of scholars such as José Antonio Maravall and Pierre Vilar. The author, Eric Clifford Graf, argues that the novel celebrates bourgeois capitalism and personal liberty, drawing inspiration from the School of Salamanca and classical liberal thinkers. The text includes responses from other scholars who either challenge or expand upon Graf's arguments. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Bulletin of Hispanic Studies (1475-3839) is the property of Liverpool University Press / Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos is the property of Asociacion Canadiense de Hispanistas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos is the property of Asociacion Canadiense de Hispanistas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A literary criticism of the novel "El Abencerraje," by Francisco López Estrada is presented. Topics discussed include cross-border culture, Iberian Peninsula in 16th century, contractual relationship between characters of the novel, moral philosophy in Spain in 16th century. An overview of the novel is also given.

Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quijote, Part One (1605) purports to be an historical chronicle of the exploits of a mad Manchegan knight, a conceit which Don Quijote, Part Two (1615) develops by staging encounters between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza and characters who have read the 'true history' of Part One. This structure culminates in the episodes involving the Duke and Duchess, assiduous readers of Part One who concoct elaborate pranks at Quixote's and Sancho's expense. Consumed by their merrymaking, the Duke and Duchess reveal themselves to be quixotic in a peculiarly literary way: they ape Quixote's madness by miming his exaggerated imitation of literature. In this way, Part One, like the books of knight errantry that drive Quixote insane, becomes the stimulus for extravagant behaviour. This identification simultaneously celebrates and satirizes the popular reception and power of Cervantes's own work, which itself achieves a bizarre capacity to drive sane individuals to behavioural extremes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines integrity management initiatives designed to introduce more value-based elements in public bureaucracies. Incorporating value-based practices, which emphasize the personal ethical responsibilities of individual public servants, into a hierarchical, rule-based system may present difficult organizational problems. A central issue is to determine whether any change has actually occurred or whether the organization is simply functioning as it did previously. In addition, there are problems of implementation: new value-based initiatives may conflict with the pre-existing system; they may not be adequately reflected in training programs; and there may be differential impacts on departments and agencies. We analyze problems in this new organizational mix in a classical Weberian bureaucracy, the Hong Kong civil service. The findings are based on a 2011–2012 administrative ethics survey of 355 senior public servants, a separate survey of 70 Ethics Officers, and semi-structured interviews with 32 senior public servants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In 1997, the results of an administrative ethics survey of senior Hong Kong public servants were reported in this journal. Using the same questionnaire in 2011, we assessed the ways in which values have changed in the intervening period. Despite major systemic reforms in the civil service, which has evolved from a classic Weberian to a neo-Weberian bureaucracy, organizational, rather than individual, values generally appear to have strengthened. The explanation seems to be that enhanced classical Weberian organizational values are not perceived to be incompatible with high standards of personal morality. Adherence to familiar Weberian bureaucratic principles also affords civil servants some protection in an environment in which their performance is increasingly subject to critical scrutiny by local politicians, the society, an ever-watchful media, and the Chinese government. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Regardless of the historiographical arguments made over the course of the last century regarding the relationship between Baptists and Anabaptists in the seventeenth century, every historian of Christianity must concede at least a typological connection between the two movements. Seventeenth-century Baptists shared numerous theological convictions with their sixteenth-century forerunners, including the novel ideas of the separation of church and state, the freedom of the individual conscience, and a voluntary ecclesiology which restricted the practice of baptism and church membership to professing adult Christians. Historians have likewise noted that the two movements differed from their magisterial Protestant counterparts in that each viewed its movement as a restoration of the church to first-century practices rather than as a mere reformation of the church to some previous era of perceived relative purity which remained under the auspices of government. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Bulletin of Spanish Studies: Hispanic Studies & Researches on Spain, Portugal & Latin America is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ensuring that public service complaints are handled effectively and rights of redress upheld is an integral feature of good governance and effective service delivery. A review of the academic literature and a number of key government reports reveals what citizen complaint and redress systems exist currently, how they can be designed and enabled to operate with the greatest positive impact, and why they are important in holding public officials accountable for the use of discretionary decision-making authority. With the development of new public management (NPM) and public sector reforms in many jurisdictions, a consumerist model for handling complaints has come increasingly to the fore. When combined with the traditional citizenship perspective, this would appear to have considerable potential for improving complaints handling and redress. However, the consumerist model's narrow focus on customer satisfaction and the risk of weakening citizenship values such as fairness and social justice suggest a cautious approach may be best Public sector managers and professionals need an awareness of how public reform strategies oriented exclusively towards a strengthened consumer role do risk undermining important aspects of the complaints handling and redress strategies embedded in the 'rule of law' and 'due process' features of citizen-oriented public administration. Accountability may be weakened when service recipients are defined less in terms of their citizenship and more on the basis of a narrowly defined status as a marketplace consumer. This is a key implication of current trends by governments to rely increasingly on privatization, contracting-out and public-private partnerships to deliver services. Points for practitioners How well service complaints are handled is a key determinant of quality in the public services at both systemic and service-recipient levels. Procedures that are easily accessible, simple to invoke and operate, transparent, ensure stakeholders are kept informed, and sensitive to different social groups help build confidence in complaints handling and redress processes. However, as more public services are delivered by quasi-public and private organizations using contracting and sub-contracting arrangements, the challenge facing practitioners is how to ensure that citizen-centric values are maintained even as external review agencies like the Ombudsman and traditional accountability promoting procedures are replaced by narrower consumerist-oriented approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative working through public-private partnerships, though not new, has become more common. Strong partnerships are built and sustained by norms of reliability consistent with the high levels of systemic trust that the principles of good governance encourage. This article examines two public-private partnerships in Hong Kong in which government actions have severely undermined the trust necessary for the public-private partnership model to work effectively. In the first case, the trust established through a long-standing government/civil society partnership in the delivery of school-based education has been dissipated by acrimonious public wrangling over the autonomy of the service providers. The second case focuses on a large-scale infrastructure project to build an arts hub on redeveloped land. Policy inconsistencies by the Hong Kong government, together with deep suspicions about the extent to which large, well-connected businesses have influenced the project's development, have seriously undermined the trust of arts community stakeholders and the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the health policy in Hong Kong, China. It discusses the economic and political context and significant features of the policy development process in the field of health care. It employs the residual/institutional model of policy analysis in examining the four health policy domains of hospitals, primary health care, Chinese medicine and occupational health and safety. It describes some of the changes in health care policy in the region and predicts the direction to which it is likely to take during the 1990s.

Background Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in hospitalized patients with urinary catheters. Inappropriate urine culturing as part of reflexive response to fever contributes to unnecessary and excessive antibiotic use, selection for resistant organisms, increased risk for Clostridium difficile infections, and false elevation in catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rates. This project aimed to implement an evidence-based urine culture algorithm in a 33-bed neurocritical care unit, a unit with a historically elevated CAUTI rate due to a high prevalence of noninfectious fever. Methods A multidisciplinary quality improvement project was initiated in August 2018 by the Infection Prevention, Quality and Safety, Neurocritical Care, Trauma, and Neurosurgery teams of an urban academic health center. The group implemented a urine culture algorithm that was adapted from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines that clearly highlighted appropriate indications for sending urine cultures. The team agreed to utilize a urinalysis with reflex to culture as the preferred method to evaluate for CAUTI. The algorithm was implemented in September 2018. Outcomes were compared for pre-implementation (March-August 2018) and post-implementation (September 2018–February 2019). Results The NHSN CAUTI rate decreased from 4.52/1,000 Foley days to 1.27/1,000 Foley days (P-value 0.037) as a result of the intervention. The number of urine cultures ordered decreased by 82% after implementation. No cases of bacteremia or mortality secondary to a urinary source were identified during the project. Total days of antibiotic therapy for the unit was similar between the pre- and post-implementation time periods (P = 0.631). Conclusion Implementation of a urine culture algorithm in a neurocritical care unit resulted in reduced CAUTI rate with less financial and operational waste in unnecessary orders and treatment, without resulting in adverse events to patients as a result of missed diagnosis. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]