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Solar-driven semiconductor photocatalysts are highly appealing in applications of environmental remediation and energy conversion. However, photocatalytic reactions, particularly oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are often constrained by the swift recombination of electron–hole pairs, thereby resulting in low reaction efficiency. Although it is effective to separate charge carriers by constructing heterojunctions to form built-in electric field, the lattice mismatch and inefficient interlayer charge transfer of heterojunctions in the photocatalysts limit their further development. Here, we propose a new strategy by constructing an internal electric field for OER through an individual piezoelectric two-dimensional material. The results indicate that the piezoelectric effect regulates the electronic structure, reduces bandgap, improves light absorption efficiency, and that the displacement of positive and negative charge centers is the key factor in the enhanced OER. This research indicates the feasibility of combining piezoelectric properties of two-dimensional materials with OER (1.19 eV), providing new insights and guidance for applying the piezoelectric effect in the OER and opening up a way to promote efficient separation of charge carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with BRAF 600E mutated mCRC are associated with specific clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. The relative efficacy of first-line FOLFOXIRI triplet chemotherapy or doublet chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab in patients with BRAF 600E mutated mCRC remains controversial. Methods: BRAF V600E-mutated mCRC patients from 3 institutions were included. The clinicopathological characteristics of the enrolled patients were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) of patients was divided into 4 fractions, including 0–25%, 25-50%, 50-75%,75-100% by quartile method. Patients with OS ranging from 0 to 25% were defined as the poor prognosis group, and patients with OS ranging from 75 to 100% were defined as the good prognosis group. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to balance the baseline characteristics of patients treated with doublet chemotherapy and triplet chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab. Survival and tumor response of the two regimens were evaluated. Results: A total of 125 patients with BRAF V600E-mutated mCRC were enrolled. The median OS of BRAF V600E-mutated mCRC was 14.9 months and the median PFS of first-line therapy was 6.1 months. According to the multivariate analysis and the difference in baseline characteristics between the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group, poor differentiation and liver metastasis were negative independent prognostic factors for OS in patientsx with BRAF V600E-mutated mCRC. Patients treated with first-line triplets had a longer OS than those treated with doublets both before PSM (17.4 months vs. 13.4 months, p = 0.022) and after PSM (17.4 months vs. 10.4 months, p = 0.004). There was no significant benefit between triplet-drug group and doublet-drug group for PFS, ORR and DCR. Subgroup analysis showed that patients in the triplet-drug group had a better prognosis with the following favorable factors: age ≤ 60 years old, PS score of 0–1, liver metastases and multiple organ metastases. Conclusion: The overall prognosis of BRAF V600E mutant mCRC patients is poor. Poor differentiation and liver metastases were negative independent prognostic factors for OS. First-line triplet-drug therapy was associated with better OS, especially in patients with good physical condition and high tumor burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic optoelectronics have attracted widespread interdisciplinary research interest but lags far behind in the application in marine environmental detection. The organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) shows promise as a powerful tool for comprehensive monitoring and early warning of marine conditions, which can be further enhanced by the valuable signal amplification strategy of nanozyme‐mediated catalytic precipitation. Herein, OPECT technology is integrated with nanozyme‐mediated catalytic precipitation for the first time, establishing an ultrasensitive detection platform for okadaic acid (OA). Specifically, MXene@MnIn2S4 (MXMnIS) hybrid composed of Schottky‐junction is synthesized via a hydrothermal method, which can efficiently modulate the device with high current gain. Linking with a sandwich immunoassay, the Ru‐C3N4 nanozyme with peroxidase‐mimicking activity can catalyze the oxidation of 4‐chloro‐1‐naphthol (4‐CN) to form an insoluble precipitate on the electrode surface, resulting in a decrease in the photocurrent and altering the transistor response. Importantly, the proposed OPECT biosensor presented an excellent sensitivity and a low detection limit (32.5 pM), fully satisfying the fundamental requirements for the quantitative detection of intracellular and extracellular OA in the practical culture media of Prorocentrum lima at different growth stages. This OPECT platform based on the nanozyme‐mediated quenching effect is significant for effectively monitoring the safety of the marine ecological environment and food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute traumatic event exposure is a direct cause of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Amygdala is suggested to be associated with the development of PTSD. In our previous findings, different activation patterns of GABAergic neurons and glutamatergic neurons in early or late stages after stress were found. However, the neural plastic mechanism underlying the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) in post-traumatic stress disorder remains unclear. Therefore, this study mainly aimed at investigating time-dependent morphologic and electrophysiological changes in BLA during the development of PTSD. We used single prolonged stress (SPS) procedure to establish PTSD model of rats. The rats showed no alterations in anxiety behavior as well as in dendritic spine density or synaptic transmission in BLA 1 day after SPS. However, 10 days after SPS, rats showed enhancement of anxiety behavior, and spine density and frequency of miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents in BLA. Our results suggested that after traumatic stress, BLA displayed delayed increase in both spinogenesis and synaptic transmission, which seemed to facilitate the development of PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fruquintinib is a third-line and subsequent targeted therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Identifying survival predictors after fruquintinib is crucial for optimizing the clinical use of this medication. Objectives: We aimed to identify factors influencing the prognosis of patients with mCRC treated with fruquintinib and to leverage these insights to develop a nomogram model for estimating survival rates in this patient population. Design: Multicenter retrospective observational study. Methods: We collected patient data from January 2019 to October 2023, with one healthcare institution's data serving as the training cohort and the other three hospitals' data serving as the multicenter validation cohort. The nomogram for overall survival was calculated from Cox regression models, and variable selection was screened using the univariate Cox regression analysis with additional variables based on clinical experience. Model performance was measured by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, decision curve analyses (DCA), and utility (patient stratification into low-risk vs high-risk groups). Results: Data were ultimately collected on 240 patients, with 144 patients included in the training cohort and 96 included in the multicenter validation cohort. Predictors included in the nomogram were CA199, body mass index, T stage, the primary site of the tumor, and other metastatic and pathological differentiation. The C-index of the nomogram in the training set and multicenter validation was 0.714 and 0.729, respectively. The models were fully calibrated and their predictions aligned closely with the observed data. DCA curves indicated the promising clinical benefits of the predictive model. Finally, the reliability of the model was also verified through the risk classification using the nomogram. Conclusions: We constructed a nomogram for mCRC treated with fruquintinib based on six variables that may be used to assist in personalizing the use of the drug. Plain language summary: A nomogram for predicting OS after application of fruquintinib in patients with mCRC The prognostic predictors of fruquintinib as a third-line and subsequent treatment agent for patients with mCRC have not been established. In this study, we explored possible factors influencing its prognosis and developed a nomogram model for estimating survival rates in this patient population. The nomogram, based on six key variables including CA199, BMI, T stage, primary tumor site, other metastatic sites, and pathological differentiation, was validated through a rigorous multicenter validation process. The nomogram has the potential to help clinicians personalize the use of fruquintinib for mCRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applications of mixture models are prevalent in studying psychopathology across development, particularly for identifying typical co-occurring symptom presentations (or phenotypes) in depression. Researchers have used both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs with varied statistical methods. The current study focused on studies that applied latent profile analysis, latent class growth analysis, and growth mixture models to phenotype continuously treated depressive symptoms. The current study aims to (a) provide a brief overview of common mixture models that are used in depression phenotyping, (b) review empirical applications of these methods in cross-sectional and longitudinal research of depression, (c) discuss the methodological considerations and recommendations in identifying phenotypes of depression when continuously treated symptoms are used. In 72 studies, we found heterogeneity in mixture model specification, selection, and interpretation. We identified three challenges in current practices: a "garbage in, garbage out" problem, inconsistent use and reporting of model selection criteria, and diverse, incomparable, and incomplete phenotype characterizations. We recommend that researchers: (1) select and justify measures and models based on the research question during model specification; (2) report BIC and bootstrapped likelihood ratio tests of all compared models, grounding model selection on the philosophy of science during model comparison; (3) provide all parameter estimates and use R2 measures for class characterization during model interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of the combination of raltitrexed, S‐1 (RS), and fruquintinib with the combination of RS and bevacizumab in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: This retrospective cohort included mCRC patients who received the RS plus fruquintinib or regorafenib as the third‐line therapy from May 2019 to April 2023. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to balance the baseline characteristics of all patients. Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), tumor response, and safety of the two regimens were evaluated. Results: Of the 153 patients enrolled, 123 patients received the RS plus bevacizumab and 30 patients received the RS plus fruquintinib. After PSM, 30 pairs were analyzed. Patients treated with RS plus fruquintinib had a longer PFS than those treated with RS plus bevacizumab before PSM (5.0 months vs. 4.3 months, p = 0.008) and after PSM (5.0 months vs. 4.4 months, p = 0.012). A longer OS was also observed in RS plus fruquintinib group before PSM and after PSM, but there was no statistic difference between two groups after PSM. Both objective response rate and disease control rate were higher in the RS plus fruquintinib cohort than those in the RS plus bevacizumab cohort before PSM, and the difference in values between the two groups reduced after PSM. The adverse effects (AEs) of both groups were well tolerated. Conclusion: In patients with refractory mCRC, RS plus fruquintinib demonstrated a superior OS, PFS than RS plus bevacizumab and had manageable AEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved remarkable success in clinical research and practice. Notably, liver metastasis is not sensitive to ICIs. Liver locoregional therapies can cause irreversible damage to tumor cells and release tumor antigens, thereby providing a rationale for immunotherapy treatments in liver metastasis. The combination therapy of ICIs with locoregional therapies is a promising option for patients with liver metastasis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that combining ICIs with locoregional therapies produces a significantly synergistic anti-tumor effect. However, the current evidence for the efficacy of ICIs combined with locoregional therapies remains insufficient. Therefore, we review the literature on the mechanisms of locoregional therapies in treating liver metastasis and the clinical research progress of their combination with ICIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Maize is one of the world's most important staple crops, yet its production is increasingly threatened by the rising frequency of high‐temperature stress (HTS). To investigate the genetic basis of anther thermotolerance under field conditions, we performed linkage and association analysis to identify HTS response quantitative trait loci (QTL) using three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and an association panel containing 375 diverse maize inbred lines. These analyses resulted in the identification of 16 co‐located large QTL intervals. Among the 37 candidate genes identified in these QTL intervals, five have rice or Arabidopsis homologs known to influence pollen and filament development. Notably, one of the candidate genes, ZmDUP707, has been subject to selection pressure during breeding. Its expression is suppressed by HTS, leading to pollen abortion and barren seeds. We also identified several additional candidate genes potentially underly QTL previously reported by other researchers. Taken together, our results provide a pool of valuable candidate genes that could be employed by future breeding programs aiming at enhancing maize HTS tolerance. Significance Statement: Our research will provide a pool of valuable candidate genes that could be employed by future breeding programs aiming at enhancing maize HTS tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microglia respond to stressors by secreting cytokines or growth factors, playing a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis. While the antidepressant-like effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSPs) have been observed in mice, their potential effectiveness involving microglial regulation remains unknown. This study investigates the antidepressant-like mechanism of PSP by regulating microglial phenotype and signaling pathways in the prefrontal cortex of chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced mice. PSP was extracted, purified, characterized, and orally administered to CRS mice. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) revealed that PSP has a molecular weight of 5.6 kDa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that PSP exhibited a layered structure with densely packed, irregular surfaces. PSP treatment significantly increased sucrose preference (low: 71%, p < 0.01; medium: 69%, p < 0.05; high: 75%, p < 0.001 vs. CRS: 58%) and reduced immobility time (low: 74 s, p < 0.01; medium: 68 s, p < 0.01; high: 79 s, p < 0.05 vs. CRS: 129 s), indicating the alleviation of depressive-like behaviors. PSP inhibited microglial activation (PSP, 131/mm2 vs. CRS, 173/mm2, p = 0.057), reversing CRS-induced microglial hypertrophy and hyper-ramification. Furthermore, PSP inactivated microglial activation by inhibiting NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathways, increasing BDNF synthesis and activating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-mediated neurogenesis (PSP, 80/per DG vs. CRS, 49/per DG, p < 0.01). In conclusion, PSP exerts antidepressant-like effects through the regulation of microglial activity and neuroinflammatory pathways, indicating it as a potential natural compound for depression treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐photon‐pumped (3PP) excitonic lasing in inorganic semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is of particular importance for near‐infrared biophotonics and optical communications. However, the implementation of such lasers has been hindered severely by the required high pump thresholds. Here, 3PP excitonic lasing of all‐inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskite QDs (CsPbBr3 PQDs) embedded in a whispering‐gallery microcavity is demonstrated, and achieving a record low threshold of 3 mJ cm−2 by tuning the 3P pump energy in resonance with the S exciton state. Wavelength‐dispersive Z‐scan spectroscopy reveals that such reduced lasing threshold is attributed to the exciton resonance enhanced multiphoton absorption, which, as disclosed by the kinetics analysis of transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), leads to the appearance of net gain at a pump fluence as low as 2.2 mJ cm−2, corresponding to an average S exciton population of 1.5. A microscopic model incorporating the quantum master equation reproduces the TAS results and provides the intrinsic parameters of biexciton relaxation for lasing. The 3PP resonant excitonic transition is the most favored multiphoton pumping process that minimizes quantum defect (6.8% of the pump photon energy) to realize optical gain at low threshold, marking a major step toward using all‐inorganic perovskite QDs for on‐chip integrated microlasers and multiphoton bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts to develop innovative water harvesting strategies offer powerful solutions to alleviate the water crisis, especially in remote and arid areas. Inspired by the hydrophobic/hydrophilic pattern of desert beetles and water self-propulsion property of spider silks, a double-strand hydrophobic PVDF-HFP/hydrophilic PAN nanofibers yarn is proposed by electrospinning and twisting techniques. The double-strand cooperation approach allows for water deposition on hydrophobic PVDF-HFP segment and transport under the asymmetric capillary driving force of hydrophilic PAN segment, thus speeded up the aggregation and growth of droplets. The effects of the composition and the diameter ratio of the two primary yarns were studied and optimized for boosting fog collection performance. The double-strand anisotropic yarn not only provide an effective method for water harvesting, but also hold the potential to inspire innovative design concepts for fog collection materials in challenging environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with other two-dimensional materials, two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has attracted extensive attention across various fields including transistors, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, batteries and catalysis in recent years owing to its high carrier mobility, wide adjustable band gap, and in-plane anisotropy. However, the instability of black phosphorus in natural environmental conditions and the chanllenges in the fabrication of large-area, high-quality semiconducting black phosphorus nanostructures seriously have hampered its rapid development in the field of nanodevices, catalysis and biophotonics. In this work, we summarize the controlled fabrication and optical properties of highly stable BP nanostructures in recent years. The research advances in photoresponse applications, including photodetectors, nonlinear and linear photonics, photocatalysis and biophotonics, are highlighted. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities of BP nanostructures in future optoelectronic devices, photocatalysis and biophotonics are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoclonal antibodies binding the EGFR, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, have been extensively used as targeted therapy for the treatment of mCRC. However, in clinical practice, it has been found that these treatment options have some limitations and fail to fully exploit their immunoregulatory activities. Meanwhile, because of the limited effects of current treatments, immunotherapy is being widely studied for patients with mCRC. However, previous immunotherapy trials in mCRC patients have had unsatisfactory outcomes as monotherapy. Thus, combinatorial treatment strategies are being researched. The authors retrieved relevant documents of combination therapy for mCRC from PubMed and Medline. This review elaborates on the knowledge of immunomodulatory effects of anti-EGFR therapy alone and in combination with immunotherapy for mCRC. Although current treatment options have improved median overall survival (OS) for advanced disease to 30 months, the prognosis remains challenging for those with metastatic disease. More recently, the combination of anti-EGFR therapy with immunotherapy has been shown activity with complementary mechanisms. Hence, anti-EGFR therapy in combination with immunotherapy may hold the key to improving the therapeutic effect of refractory mCRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on computer-aided drug design (CADD), the active groups of the known active small molecule compounds that can bind to EGFR target protein were analyzed through the molecular docking method. Then, 12 novel asiatic acid derivatives were synthesized by introducing active groups at ring A and C-28 positions of asiatic acid. The structures of these novel compounds were determined by NMR and MS. Furthermore, the anti-tumor activities of these derivatives on human lung cancer cells (A549) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were evaluated by MTT assay. In conclusion, compounds I4 and II3 have stronger anti-cancer activity than parent compounds, the activities were stronger than gefitinib and comparable to afatinib, which may be potential candidate compounds for tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent class analysis (LCA) is a widely used technique for detecting unobserved population heterogeneity in cross-sectional data. Despite its popularity, the performance of LCA is not well understood. In this study, we evaluate the performance of LCA with binary data by examining classification accuracy, parameter estimation accuracy, and coverage rates of confidence intervals (CIs) through Monte Carlo simulation studies. We address the issue of label switching with a distance-based relabeling approach and introduce an index to measure separation among latent classes. Our results show that classification accuracy, parameter estimation accuracy, and CI coverage rates are primarily influenced by class separation and the number of indicators used for LCA. We recommend using a large sample size to mitigate the effects of tiny class sizes. Additionally, the study finds that the parametric bootstrap CIs perform comparably well or better when compared with the CIs based on the standard maximum likelihood method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great potential for tumor treatment as the method is noninvasive, highly selective, and causes minimal side effects. However, conventional type II PDT, which relies on 1O2, presents poor therapeutic efficacy for hypoxic tumors due to its reliance on oxygen. Here, CeO2/Ti3C2-MXene (CeO2@MXene) hybrids were successfully designed by growing CeO2in situ using Ti3C2-MXene (MXene) nanosheets. CeO2@MXene serves as a reduction–oxidation (REDOX) center due to the presence of Ce in the lattice of CeO2 nanoparticles. This REDOX center reacts with H2O2 to generate oxygen and weakens the hypoxic tumor cell environment, achieving type II PDT. At the same time, many other ROS (such as ⋅O2− and ⋅OH) can be produced via a type I photodynamic mechanism (electron transfer process). The CeO2@MXene heterojunction performs nanoenzymatic functions for synergistic type I and type II PDT, which improves cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia is one of the inherent characteristics of most solid tumors; the oxygen-dependent (O2) nature of photodynamic therapy (PDT) limits its clinical treatment against hypoxia tumors. Therefore, improving the oxygen partial pressure of hypoxic tumors is of great significance to improve the PDT effect. Herein, we synthesized the Ti3C2@Porphyridium nanobiohybrids (MX@Pr) by electrostatic self-assembly of photosynthetic oxygen-producing Porphyridium (Pr) and photosensitizer two-dimensional Ti3C2 (MX). Upon 660 nm laser irradiation, MX@Pr in the tumor region could increase the local oxygen level by in situ oxygen generation via Pr-mediated photosynthesis. The oxygen produced by Pr can receive the energy transferred by the excited photosensitizer MX to produce singlet oxygen (1O2), thus significantly enhancing the PDT efficacy of hypoxic tumors and inhibiting tumor growth. This study provides a PDT composite system, which shows the promising prospect of microbial nanomaterial composite systems in the field of biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytoplasmic Dynein is a multiple-subunit macromolecular motor protein involved in the transport process of cells. The Dynein intermediate chain (DIC) is one of the subunits of Dynein-1. In our previous studies, we showed that Pt-DIC may play an important role in the nuclear deformation of spermiogenesis in Portunus trituberculatus. Lamin B is essential for maintaining nuclear structure and functions. Surprisingly, Pt-Lamin B was expressed not only in the perinucleus but also in the pro-acrosome during spermiogenesis in P. trituberculatus. Studies have also shown that Dynein-1 can mediate the transport of Lamin B in mammals. Thus, to study the relationship of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B in the spermatogenesis of P. trituberculatus, we knocked down the Pt-DIC gene in P. trituberculatus by RNAi. The results showed that the distribution of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B in spermiogenesis was abnormal, and the colocalization was weakened. Moreover, we verified the interaction of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B via coimmunoprecipitation. Therefore, our results suggested that both Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B were involved in the spermatogenesis of P. trituberculatus, and one of the functions of Dynein-1 is to mediate the transport of Lamin B in the spermiogenesis of P. trituberculatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian metastasis (OM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) is infrequent and has a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of a contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics model in predicting ovarian metastasis from colorectal cancer outcomes after systemic chemotherapy. A total of 52 ovarian metastatic CRC patients who received first-line systemic chemotherapy were retrospectively included in this study and were categorized into chemo-benefit (C+) and no-chemo-benefit (C−) groups, using Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1) as the standard. A total of 1743 radiomics features were extracted from baseline CT, three methods were adopted during the feature selection, and five prediction models were constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, calibration analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of each model. Among those machine-learning-based radiomics models, the SVM model showed the best performance on the validation dataset, with AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.903 (95% CI, 0.788–0.967), 88.5%, 95.7%, and 82.8%, respectively. All radiomics models exhibited good calibration, and the DCA demonstrated that the SVM model had a higher net benefit than other models across the majority of the range of threshold probabilities. Our findings showed that contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics models have high discriminating power in predicting the outcome of colorectal cancer ovarian metastases patients receiving chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formal multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions in clinical practice require time and space but have unclear survival benefits for advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients. Our study aimed to investigate the long‐term survival of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer after MDT decision. From June 2017 to June 2019, continuous MDT discussions on advanced gastrointestinal cancer were conducted in 13 medical centers in China. MDT decisions and actual treatment received by patients were prospectively recorded. The primary endpoint was the difference in overall survival (OS) between patients in the MDT decision implementation and nonimplementation groups. The secondary endpoints included the implementation rate of MDT decisions and subgroup survival analysis. A total of 461 MDT decisions of 455 patients were included in our study. The implementation rate of MDT decisions was 85.7%. Previous treatment had an impact on MDT decision‐making. The OS was 24.0 months and 17.0 months in the implementation and nonimplementation groups, respectively. The implementation of MDT decisions significantly reduced the risk of death in multivariate analyses (hazard ratio = 0.518; 95% confidence interval: 0.304‐0.884, P =.016). Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in survival of patients with colorectal cancer, but not in survival of patients with gastric cancer. The rate of secondary MDT discussion was only 5.6% among patients who the MDT decisions were discontinued due to changes in their condition. MDT discussion can prolong the OS of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, especially those with colorectal cancer. Timely scheduling of the subsequent MDT discussion is necessary when the disease condition changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the simulated docking of Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors with known active small molecule compounds, computer-aided drug design technology was used to analyze key amino acid fragments and determine the active groups binding with key sites. Then, twelve novel analogues of oleanolic acid (OA) were synthesized by introducing active groups at the C-3 and C-28 positions of OA. The structures of these novel analogues were confirmed by NMR and MS. Furthermore, the antitumor activities of these novel analogues were evaluated by MTT assay. As a result, compounds I3 and II3 showed stronger cytotoxicity on tumor cells than positive controls. In conclusion, our study synthesized twelve novel analogues of OA and determined compounds I3 and II3 had better antitumor effect, which may be potential candidate compounds for tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic has implications for mental and physical well-being, but especially for persons with cancer. The stress mitigating role of tolerance of uncertainty (TU) was investigated in those with and without a cancer diagnosis. Design: 155 persons with and 150 without a cancer diagnosis completed measures of pandemic stress and TU (mediating variable). Main Outcome Measures: Measures of emotional and physical well-being (WB) were the outcome variables. Results: The mediated, indirect effect of TU in the pandemic stress-emotional WB relationship was significant for the cancer group and the non-cancer group. However, the indirect effects involving TU in the pandemic stress-physical WB relationship was not significant for the cancer group, whereas TU fully mediated the pandemic stress-physical WB relationship for the non-cancer group. Conclusions: Whereas TU was active as a mediator with emotional WB for both groups, it was ineffective as a mediator of the pandemic stress-physical WB relationship with the cancer group. Thus, the cancer group's physical WB was determined exclusively by pandemic stress. Stress reduction and enhancing TU may be critical for all people but for those with cancer decreasing pandemic stress would provide the most viable option for increasing physical well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elements of the pnictogen group, known as the 15th (VA) family in the periodic table, including phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi), have been widely used by alchemists to treat various diseases since ancient times and hold a pivotal position in the history of medicine, owing to their diverse pharmacological activities. Recently, with the development of modern nanotechnology, pnictogen group elements appear in a more innovative form, namely two-dimensional (2D) pnictogens (i.e. phosphorene, arsenene, and bismuthene) with a unique layered crystal structure and extraordinary optoelectronic characteristics, which endow them with significant superiority as a novel multifunctional photonic nanoplatform for cutting-edge precision treatment of various diseases. The puckered layer structure with ultralarge surface area make them ideal drug and gene delivery vectors that can avoid degradation and reduce target effects. The anisotropic morphology allows their easier internalization by cells and may improve gene transfection efficiency. Tunable optoelectronic characteristics endow them with excellent phototherapy performance as well as the ability to act as an optical switch to initiate subsequent therapeutic events. This review provides a brief overview of the properties, preparation and surface modifications of 2D pnictogens, and then focuses on its applications in cutting-edge precision treatment as a novel multifunctional photonic nanoplatform, such as phototherapy, photonic medicine, photo-adjuvant immunotherapy and photo-assisted gene therapy. Finally, the challenges and future development trends for 2D pnictogens are provided. With a focus on 2D pnictogen-based multifunctional photonic nanoplatforms, this review may also provide profound insights for the next generation innovative precision therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pediatric liver contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) criteria were developed to improve the diagnostic performance of CEUS in differentiating pediatric benign and malignant liver lesions. However, the diagnostic performance of CEUS in the evaluation of multiple focal liver lesions in the pediatric population has not yet been fully evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the pediatric liver CEUS criteria in differentiating benign and malignant multifocal liver lesions in children. Materials and methods: From April 2017 to September 2022, the CEUS characteristics of multifocal liver lesions in patients < 18 years were analyzed. Lesions classified as CEUS-1, CEUS-2 or CEUS-3 were considered benign and lesions classified as CEUS-4 or CEUS-5 were considered malignant. The diagnostic performance of the pediatric liver CEUS criteria (i.e. sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV] and accuracy) was assessed. Results: After exclusion, 21 patients (median age, 36.0 months; range, 1.0–204 months; 7 boys) were included. There were significant differences in the serum alpha fetoprotein level (P= 0.039) and the presence of washout (P < 0.001) between children with malignant and benign lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of the pediatric liver CEUS criteria were 100.0% (10/10), 90.9% (10/11), 90.9% (10/11), 100.0% (10/10) and 95.2% (20/21), respectively. Conclusion: The pediatric liver CEUS criteria had excellent diagnostic performance in differentiating benign and malignant multifocal liver lesions in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of large gaps in peripheral nerves is a major clinical challenge. Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have provided new opportunities for guiding nerve regeneration. In this study, multifunctional black phosphorus (BP) hydrogel NGCs loaded with neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) were fabricated to support peripheral-nerve regeneration: they exhibited good flexibility and nerve regeneration-related cell induction, promoted Schwann-cell proliferation and accelerated neuron-branch elongation. Nrg1 induced the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells, which had beneficial roles in promoting nerve regeneration. In vivo immunofluorescence studies revealed BP hydrogel NGCs loaded with Nrg1 promoted sciatic-nerve regeneration and axon remyelination. Our method has great potential for promoting treatment of peripheral-nerve injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug resistance of bacteria seriously reduces the recovery rate of general disease and endangers human health. Consequently, it is urgent to investigate a non-antibiotic antibacterial material. Recently, two-dimensional MXene has shown good antibacterial properties and received extensive attention due to the large number of active sites, extremely high thermal conversion efficiency, excellent cytocompatibility and ability to penetrate pellicula. However, the antibacterial activity of Ti3C2Tx is greatly affected by the morphology and concentration. Herein, an organic–inorganic hybrid of HKUST-1@Ti3C2Tx with high specific surface area and photothermal effect was designed and fabricated. By adjusting the content of Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, the photothermal properties of the material can be adjusted, and the release of Cu2+ can be easily reduced. The morphological characterization and fluorescent staining of bacteria which were co-incubated with HKUST-1@Ti3C2Tx confirmed that Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) had adhered to the material. NIR irradiation has enabled induced hyperthermia and the release of Cu2+ ions, causing the disruption of the bacterial membrane, resulting in cytoplasmic leakage. Furthermore, HKUST-1@Ti3C2Tx with synergistic antibacterial effect not only exhibits an excellent bactericidal rate (over 99%) but also greatly improves cytocompatibility with the reduction of the Cu2+ ion release. Therefore, organic–inorganic composites have potential for synergistic effects and non-antibiotic antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a combined hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and transmission grid (TG) model, and a corresponding time series operation simulation (TSOS) model is established to relieve the peak-shaving pressure of power systems under the integration of renewable energy. First, a linear model for the optimal operation of the HESS is established, which considers the different power-efficiency characteristics of the pumped storage system, electrochemical storage system, and a new type of liquid compressed air energy storage. Second, a TSOS simulation model for peak shaving is built to maximize the power entering the grid from the wind farms and HESS. Based on the proposed model, this study considers the transmission capacity of a TG. By adding the power-flow constraints of the TG, a TSOS-based HESS and TG combination model for peak shaving is established. Finally, the improved IEEE-39 and IEEE-118 bus systems were considered as examples to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been difficult to revise and adjust the water distribution of the Yellow River in 1987 (1987 water distribution scheme). By gathering data and studies from previous literature, this paper summarized some water distribution ideas, principles and rules in transboundary rivers. We proposed the "synthesis–dynamic–harmonious" water distribution method (SDH), and applied it to the actual conditions of the Yellow River basin. Through the SDH method, we calculated a new scheme for water distribution in the Yellow River and analyzed the results. The key findings of this study are summarized below. Firstly, the water distribution of transboundary rivers required the establishment of advanced water distribution ideas. Secondly, the proposed water distribution method took into account a variety of factors: with the change in distributable water volume, the same ratio changes and meets the minimum water demand and water efficiency constraints. Thirdly, the 1987, the water distribution scheme needed some adjustment. Fourthly, under the new Yellow River basin water distribution scheme ("19ZQT" water distribution scheme), Shandong, Inner Mongolia, and Henan account for 50% of the total water distribution. Sichuan accounts for only 0.3% of the total. Compared with the 1987 water distribution scheme, Hebei and Tianjin reduced the amount of water allocated by 51.2%, while Shaanxi increased it by 24.89%. In this paper, considering the changes in the total distributable water volume, the new Yellow River water distribution scheme ("19ZQT" water distribution scheme) assumed water distribution of 37 billion m3 and 30 billion m3, upon which calculations were performed. This study should provide a scientific and reasonable scheme for water distribution of transboundary rivers, and rational utilization of water resources. It should lay a solid foundation for the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enantiomers of chiral ester derivatives containing an amide group, and possessing one or two stereogenic centers were prepared from L‐ and D‐α‐amino acids, and glycine with (S)‐ and (R)‐mandelic acid for probing their chiral recognition as a new class of chiral guests by 1H NMR spectroscopy, since chiral ester derivatives have been rarely used as chiral substrates for chiral recognition by 1H NMR technology. The results indicated that these chiral ester derivatives have been successfully differentiated in the presence of tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents (TAMCSAs) 1 a–1 c. In order to better understand their chiral discriminating behavior, Job plots, association constants (Ka), and theoretical calculations of (S,S)‐G1 and (R,R)‐G1, as a representative example, were performed, respectively. In order to evaluate their practical application, the 1H NMR spectra of G1 and G9 with various optical purities were measured (up to 98 % ee). In this work, a practical strategy has been effectively established for chiral recognition of chiral ester derivatives containing an amide group and possessing one or two chiral centers in the presence of tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents 1 a–1 c by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intraperitoneal paclitaxel is proved to be efficient for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. It remains uncertain the efficacy and safety of the triplets regimen which combined intraperitoneal high‐dose paclitaxel with systemic SOX in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal administration of high‐dose paclitaxel, intravenous oxaliplatin and S‐1 in patients with peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer. Methods: This single‐center, prospective, single‐arm phase II study was conducted between January 2017 and May 2019 in West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Patients diagnosed with primary gastric cancer by histopathology and confirmed synchronous peritoneal metastasis were enrolled. This study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal administration of high‐dose paclitaxel (80 mg/m2, d1), intravenous oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2, d1), and S‐1 (80 mg/m2, d1‐14) of patients. The primary endpoint was 1‐year overall survival rate, and the second endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and adverse events. Results: In this single‐arm phase II clinical trial, 49 patients received SOX combined intraperitoneal high‐dose paclitaxel treatment. One‐year survival rate was 81.6% (95% CI, 68.6–90.0%). Median PFS and OS were 6.50 months (95% CI, 2.89–10.11) and 16.9 months (95% CI, 13.58 to 20.22), respectively; ORR was 55.3% (95% CI, 41.3–68.6) and DCR was 76.6% (95% CI, 62.8–86.4). Thirteen patients underwent second laparoscopic detection, but only nine ultimately underwent radical gastrectomy. Subgroup analysis showed that sPCI ≤12 was a good index for a favorable prognosis. The most frequent grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (40.8%), anemia (22.4%), leukopenia (18.4%), nausea (14.3%), and vomiting (12.2%). None of the patients had any intraperitoneal catheter‐related complications. Conclusions: Intraperitoneal high‐dose paclitaxel with systemic SOX is an effective and tolerable first‐line treatment for patients with peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer and patients with sPCI≤12 scores might be recommended crowd for this regimen as conversion therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a novel strategy for the construction of Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst based on in situ chemical modification and autogenous black phosphorus nanosheets. Such heterostructures have negligible lattice mismatch ratio and fast electron transfer rate, which would provide a highly universal and efficient design and synthesis strategy with guiding significance for Z-scheme heterojunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Itaconate has emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory and antioxidative endogenous metabolite, yet its role in allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, the itaconate level in the lung was assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and the effects of the Irg1/itaconate pathway on AAI and alveolar macrophage (AM) immune responses were evaluated using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AAI model established by wild type (WT) and Irg1−/− mice, while the mechanism of this process was investigated by metabolomics analysis, mitochondrial/cytosolic protein fractionation and transmission electron microscopy in the lung tissues. The results demonstrated that the Irg1 mRNA/protein expression and itaconate production in the lung were significantly induced by OVA. Itaconate ameliorated while Irg1 deficiency augmented AAI, and this may be attributed to the fact that itaconate suppressed mitochondrial events such as NLRP3 inflammasome activation, oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we identified that the Irg1/itaconate pathway impacted the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and oxidative stress in AMs. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for the first time, supporting the conclusion that in the allergic lung, the itaconate level is markedly increased, which directly regulates AMs' immune responses. We therefore propose that the Irg1/itaconate pathway in AMs is a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative therapeutic target for AAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) nanosheets with high photothermal conversion efficiency as well as photothermal stability can efficiently generate remarkable hyperthermia for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. However, mono-MXenes cannot exhibit precise diagnosis and treatment to complete ablation of cancer cells in the PTT process. To overcome this dilemma, an "all-in-one" nanoplatform of titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene-based composite nanosheets is developed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided multi-modal hyperthermia and chemodynamic tumor ablation, which was achieved by bonding of manganese ion on the surface of Ti3C2, and then was the functionalized nanosheets was modified by biocompatible PEG (Mn-Ti3C2@PEG). Due to magnetic and Fenton-like catalytic properties of Mn components, Mn-Ti3C2@PEG not only acted as the contrast agents for T1-weighted MRI (relaxivity value of 1.05 mM−1 s−1), but also converted cellular H2O2 into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Moreover, Furthermore, Mn-Ti3C2@PEG can efficiently suppressed tumor-growth by PTT, due to the high photothermal conversion capability and photothermal stability. As a proof-of-concept model, the as-designed Mn-Ti3C2@PEG nanoplatform shows simultaneous MRI and dual-modal treatment for effective suppression of tumor with minimized side effects both in vitro and in vivo, indicating the great potential for clinical cancer theranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous carbon spheres (MCSs) are widely used in the field of pollutants adsorption, energy storage and various biomedicine applications such as targeted delivery vector, phototherapy sensitizers, bioimaging contrast agents, etc. Current synthetic strategies including soft templating and hard templating methods generally have the limits of using expensive surfactants or lack of control over the pore structures. Therefore, the complex and uncontrollable pore structures limit its further clinical application. Herein, we proposed a new synthetic strategy to control the uniformity of pore channel arrangement in MCSs which can modulate the photonic property and the corresponding light controlled drug release property in intelligent drug delivery. The as obtained MCSs with relative uniform pore channel arrangement and long pore channels are demonstrated to have the best NIR light-induced drug release performance. This work provides not only new synthetic method to modulate pore structure characteristics and biophotonic property of MCSs, but also uniform MCSs as novel delivery platforms with advanced controlled release performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy followed by radical surgery is the standard treatment strategy for local advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, the efficacy of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy is limited, especially for patients with DNA mismatch repair‐deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) rectal cancer. Considering the amazing therapeutic effect of immune check point inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer, we conduct this multicenter, phase Ib study to investigate the safety and efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 antibody, sintilimab combined with hypofractionated radiotherapy in MSI‐H/dMMR rectal cancer patients. Methods: Patients with MSI‐H/dMMR LARC will receive hypofractionated radiotherapy (5 Gy × 5) and three cycles of sintilimab 200 mg IV every 2 weeks. Radical surgery will be performed 6–8 weeks after radiotherapy. The primary endpoint is adverse reaction after neoadjuvant treatment and perioperative complications. Secondary endpoints include pathological response rate, complete resection rate, and quality of life. Discussion: This is the first study to investigate the safety and effectiveness of neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for MSI‐H/dMMR LARC. It is expected that this study will propose a brand new and effective treatment strategy for MSI‐H/dMMR LARC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmonic chiral nanostructures have attracted a great deal of attention in chirality‐based biosensing, enantioselective separation, and recently photonic orbital angular momentum‐based quantum information processing. However, the intrinsic Ohmic losses of metals and significant radiative scattering of plasmonically resonant nanostructures result in small quality factors and hence weak optical chirality (such as circular dichroism, CD). Here, it is reported that propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs)—an achiral electromagnetic surface wave—can significantly enhance the Q‐factors of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) related CD in plasmonic lattices with chiral unit cells. It is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that mode interaction between the highly dispersive achiral SPPs and the nondispersive chiral LSPR results in the formation of hybrid chiral SPPs, enabling efficient tuning of the resultant transmission CD dispersion and signal intensity. A maximum CD signal of 0.8 is experimentally observed with a Q‐factor of 45 in the visible spectral region, showing good agreement with theoretical calculations. This study provides an effective yet facile approach for engineering both the strength and dispersion of optical chirality, paving the way for realizing large‐scale, low‐cost, and high‐performing chiral plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces for a variety of sensing, imaging, and information manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is an advanced malignancy that is not sensitive to systemic conventional chemotherapy. Treatment options for PC are usually palliative rather than curative. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy are associated with limited efficacy in patients with PC. However, the peritoneum can produce effective immunity by inducing T-lymphocyte recruitment and proliferation, and the unique immune environment of the peritoneum provides the rationale for IP immunotherapy in PC. The authors retrieved relevant documents of IP immunotherapy for PC from PubMed and Medline. This review elaborates on the knowledge of the peritoneal immune microenvironment and IP immunotherapy for PC covering immune stimulators, radioimmunotherapy, catumaxomab, cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The prognosis of PC is poor. However, the peritoneal cavity is a unique immune compartment with abundant immune cells which can produce effective immunity. IP immunotherapy may be a promising strategy in patients with PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent studies have indicated that circadian clock genes were dysregulated in OSA. In addition, it is clear that the impairment of circadian clocks drives the progression of MetS. Therefore, we hypothesized that circadian rhythm disruption links OSA with MetS. Methods: A total of 118 participants, who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and were diagnosed as healthy snorers (control, n = 29) or OSA (n = 89) patients based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), were enrolled in the present study. General information, anthropometric data, blood biochemical indicators, clock gene expressions, and levels of oxidative and inflammatory indicators were collected, determined, and compared in all the participants. Results: We found that Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (Dec1) were upregulated, while Period 1 (Per1) was reduced in OSA patients. In addition, these changing trends were closely associated with the hypoxia indicator of AHI and have a significant impact on the presence of MetS components, such as hyperglycemia (Dec1 and Per1, p < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively), hypertension (Bmal1 and Dec1, p < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively), hyperlipidemia (Dec1, p < 0.01), and obesity (Dec1, p < 0.05). Notably, expressions of Dec1 correlated with IR and predicted the presence of MetS in OSA patients. Finally, we also observed that Dec1 expression was interrelated with levels of both oxidative indicators and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6) in OSA. Conclusion: This study concluded that circadian clock disruptions, especially Dec1, link OSA with MetS in an oxidative and inflammatory-related manner. Circadian clock Dec1 can be used as a specific biomarker (p < 0.001) and therapeutic target in OSA combined with Mets patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The purpose was to investigate the correlation between calcification and outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who received bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment. Methods: A single retrospective cohort study was conducted with all diagnosed mCRC cases who received bevacizumab and chemotherapy as the first-line therapy. Results: Among all enrolled patients (n = 159), 31 had tumor calcification. The median overall survival and progression-free survival were significantly better in patients with tumor calcification than in those without calcification. A higher objective overall response rate was also observed in the tumor calcification group. On multivariate analysis, tumor calcification was independently associated with overall survival and progression-free survival. Conclusions: Tumor calcification was independently associated with improved survival in mCRC patients treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy. Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies globally and nearly half of these patients develop metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The current standard treatment for mCRC includes 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab. Nevertheless, a predictive biomarker of efficacy for bevacizumab has not yet been firmly established. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlation between tumor calcification and prognosis in mCRC patients who received bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment. The authors found that tumor calcification was independently associated with improved survival in mCRC patients treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multidrug resistance of bacteria caused by the abuse of traditional antibiotics poses a great threat to public health, so it is urgent to develop effective antibacterial agents to deal with this dilemma. Biomimetics and nanotechnology are expected to provide new strategies for solving this problem. This study takes inspiration from the adhesive protein properties of mussels to design and synthesise biomimetic polydopamine nanospheres (FeCo@PDA NPs), which have strong adhesion and catalytic Fenton reactive enzyme activity. The antibacterial activity of FeCo@PDA NPs against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is significantly better than that of traditional antibiotics daptomycin (Dap) and vancomycin (Van). PDA NPs with an intrinsic hierarchical structure have the ability to adhere to bacterial surfaces and improve the loading rate of metal ions Fe2+/Co2+. In addition, due to the dual effects of strong adhesion and Co2+, FeCo@PDA NPs can destroy the bacterial membrane structure and release endogenous hydrogen peroxide, which increases the generation of reactive oxygen species by synergistic catalysis of bimetal ions Fe2+/Co2+ to further kill bacteria thoroughly. The cytotoxicity test results show that FeCo@PDA NPs have good cytocompatibility. The impressive antibacterial properties and good biocompatibility of FeCo@PDA NPs make them a potential antibacterial drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]