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Flexural cartridge/suspension is compliant mechanism that is used in nano precision engineering application due to its excellent advantages of providing no backlash, no friction and compact in size. These inbuilt qualities which are obtained help them to suit as a single one piece coupling that serves kinematic–mechanical behavior with small and very large deflection for variety of applications. The spiral shaped flexural cartridge is used in multiple number and multiple configurations to achieve the desired output for an application. To address the net deflection as the output (net deflection of the stack in assembled condition) it is very necessary to understand the changes which are brought in the geometrical parameters of the spiral shaped flexural cartridge/suspension. The importance geometrical parameters of spiral shape cartridge is been reported in this paper. The paper reviews the key concepts, technical advancements, identifying the most sensitive parameters of the spiral shaped flexural cartridge. This paper presents a guide to select the most appropriate parameter for the application engaged in flexural system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation portrayed the synthesis of bare LaZn2O4 material and La2-xAlxZnO4 material (x = 0.1–0.4 mol) by sol–gel auto combustion technique. All these materials were characterized by various prime nano characterization technique to investigate the structural and surface properties. X-ray diffraction pattern for LaZn2O4 material confirms the hexagonal wurtzite lattice for this material. The surface characterization and topographical parameters were confirmed from scanning electron microscopy, while the elemental composition of various concentrations Al3+ modified LaZn2O4 was confirmed from energy dispersive spectroscopy. High resolution transmission electron microscopy technique was utilized to substantiate the lattice parameter and polycrystalinity of the fabricated material. UV-DRS technique was used to validate the tuned band gap of the fabricated materials. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller was employed to calculate total surface area of the prepared materials. The La2-xAlxZnO4 is having highest surface area 85.59 m2/g and pore radius 80.85 Å. Sensor materials with varied composition of Al3+ (x = 0.1–0.4 mol) were fabricated by photolithographic technique having 40 s, mesh number 355. The various toxic gases such as CO, NO2, LPG, and Acetone were investigated for varied gas concentrations. Among all sensors La2-xAlxZnO4 (LZO, x = 0.2) sensor shows highest response for acetone vapors with 88.80% at lowest 60°C. The humidity sensing for the sensors shows that the sensor LZO is operational at moderate humid conditions. The rapid response recovery, reusability, thermal stability, good porosity, high surface area, operational at lower temperature is the characteristics of LZO-2 sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article investigates the effect of thermal shrinkage on the yielding behavior of waxy oil gel. The paper compares constant gap and constant normal force measurement protocols to examine the effect of measurement protocol on the rheological behavior of thermoreversible gel. The findings of this study reveal that the extent of stress overshoot and yield stress in a constant shear-rate start-up flow shows a lower magnitude in a constant gap protocol compared to a constant normal force protocol. The decrease in gel strength in the former protocol is mainly attributed to the formation of voids. These voids cause localized fractures within the crystal network. In contrast, in the constant normal force measurement protocol, gel contraction is compensated by utilizing a variable gap setting. Variable gaps compensate for the lower specific volume of the gel after crystallization, minimizing void formation and subsequent rupture of the crystal network. Hence, the gel network formed using the constant normal force protocol is more homogeneous, eliminating the uncertainties in yield stress measurement. Finally, the effect of thermal history, wax content, and aging period on the yield stress values highlights notable findings. Contrary to the conventionally accepted results, the aging period is found to impact the yield stress negatively, and a nonmonotonic relationship between the cooling rate and yield stress is noticed under the constant gap protocol. Thus, the results obtained under the constant normal force protocol are more reliable and can help in developing a fundamental understanding of the yielding behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater resources are essential for drinking water, irrigation, and the economy mainly in semiarid environments where rainfall is limited. Currently, unpredictable rainfall due to climate change and pollution on the Earth's surface directly affects groundwater resources. In this area, most people depend on groundwater resources for irrigation and drinking purposes, and every summer, most of the area depends on groundwater in a semiarid environment. Hence, we selected two popular methods, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multiple influence factor (MIF) methods, which can be applied to map groundwater potential zones. Nine thematic layers, such as land use and land cover (LULC), geomorphology, soil, drainage density, slope, lineament density, elevation, groundwater level, and geology maps, were selected for this study using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. These layers are integrated in ArcGIS 10.5 software with the help of the AHP and MIF methods. The map of the groundwater potential zones in the study area revealed four classes, i.e., poor, moderate, good, and very good, based on the AHP and MF methods. The groundwater potential zone area is 241.50 (ha) Poor, 285.64 (ha) moderate, 408.31 (ha) good, and 92.75 (ha) very good using the AHP method. Similarly, the MIF method revealed that the groundwater potential classes were divided into four classes: 351.29 (ha) poor, 511.18 (ha), moderate, 123.95 (ha) good, and 41.78 (ha) very good. The results were compared to determine which methods are best for planning water and land resource development in specific areas that have basaltic rock and drought conditions. Both groundwater potential zone maps were validated with water yield data. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) model results are found to be 0.80 (good) and 0.93 (excellent) using the MIF and AHP methods, respectively; hence, the AHP method is best for delineation of groundwater potential zone maps and groundwater resource planning. The present study's framework and the results will be valuable for improving the efficiency of irrigation, conserving rainwater and maintaining the ecosystem in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technological breakthrough that is rapidly progressing all over the world. AI has a variety of uses in medicine and dentistry, ranging from data analysis to using neural networks for diagnosis. AI has received enormous attention and has gone through a transition stage from being a pure statistical tool to being one of the main drivers of modern medicine. We are at the dawn of a new era, and AI is undoubtedly the future of dental practice management. This aim article is to review the various applications of AI in all the specialties of dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, transformation of agricultural corn cob waste into mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNPS) by template-free method. This synthesized MCNPs are used for the construction of Titanium dioxide-Mesoporous carbon (TMC) nanocomposites by precipitation and calcination method. Synthesized samples were confirmed by various characterization techniques. The photocatalytic behavior of the TMC nanocomposites was checked by the degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) in the presence of UV light. The optimized TMC21 composite shows 92% degradation efficiency towards MO dye within 80 min under UV light than the bare TiO2 and also shows excellent stability and recyclability after five runs. The histo-toxicological studies are done by using freshwater Lobeo Rohita fish organs such as kidney and ovary. The results show that MO dye-containing solution damages the internal structure of kidney and ovary tissues whereas the photo-degraded product of MO dye exhibited no variations in their typical structure similar to the control group indicating that the MO-degraded solution is non-toxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plane supporting spring commonly referred as flexural spring is used in isolation instruments such as astronautics, aeronautics, auto industries, micro-stereolithography and bulk lithography. All the applications require significant amount of radial stiffness which is used for isolation and providing friction-less motion. The proposed paper is targeted to derive a forced-based mathematical model for evaluating radial stiffness provided by the plane support spring. The springs are mounted in the flexural mechanism assembled in spindle head body clamped on micro drilling machine tool. The numerical equation for computing the radial stiffness is evaluated on the basis of solving various force components and the radial displacement generated by of each spring/arm using the "force–energy method." The finite element solution is done in ANSYS, whereas the theoretical answers are solved using PTC-MATHCAD solution. The results obtained by numerical analysis done in MATHCAD are validated by the finite element solution. The relationship between the radial stiffness and the key geometrical parameters are analyzed and confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of wind turbine wake is unique and has a distinct pattern that often carries crucial information on the nature of wake propagation. This information plays a vital role in dictating the wind turbine wake model and subsequently in the design and placement of multirotor system. In most cases, either analytical or numerical, the representation of wind turbine wake is expressed as a streamwise flow deficit at different downstream locations. Though the result provides valuable information, the representation often lacks three-dimensional characterization, thus ignoring several influential factors that could potentially define the extent of propagation. In this aspect, an in-depth flow field mapping and assessment have been carried out behind a model horizontal-axis wind turbine using stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) under low tip speed ratio conditions. The three-component mapping using the time-resolved SPIV data helped to understand the notion of the wake's helical behavior and its relationship with the velocity deficit. Apart from the Gaussian-like (skew) distribution of the streamwise velocity component, the stereo assessment reveals the formation of two opposite crests supporting the helical analogy. Toward the end, a comparative assessment with the existing analytical models have been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of a gate valve is to make a straight-inline flow of fluid with less restriction as the turbulence is created through the aperture provided in the valve body. The change in direction of the fluid creates change on the operating stress of the vale body. The paper is targeted for designing the valve body for reduction in the overall weight of the body and making it light in weight. The optimized design keeps the operating stress with operating stress within change of 5% which thereby ensures that the original stress value is not altered much. In the current manuscript the ribs of various thicknesses are proposed those are to be welded across the outer periphery of the body. The ribs provided on the periphery are substitutes for the reduction in the weight. The sensitivity analysis along with the change in the materials is analyzed in the manuscript. The complete optimization is valve body is done by topology optimization tool in ANSYS. This paper help and give an aim for researchers on optimizing the gate valve body with help of finite element analysis (FEA) and optimized design by adding ribs to the gate valve body to reduce the stress and deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial diseases are causing major health issues across the world. Recent research has revealed that the metal ion discharge of nanomaterials is extremely effective at eradicating bacterial outbreaks and resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) for antibacterial functions have been produced using nanomaterials with high specific surface area, complex structural framework, and spectral properties. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the impact of Zn dopants on copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures and their nanomaterial‐based antibacterial processes. The method of production includes the formation of CuO and Zn‐doped CuO nanostructures via chemical coprecipitation. By using several characterization techniques, the as‐synthesized nanostructures were confirmed. Based on their specific surface area and surface‐active site, the different antibacterial activities of these dopants vary the antibacterial action. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. A significant antibacterial action was observed in the samples. In the pharmaceutical and food sectors, this CuO and its combined dopants can be a substitute for synthetic antibacterial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health promotion interventions that are developed and evaluated by researchers and other external providers are at risk of not being sustained beyond the initial implementation period. When delivered by a lay school health worker, the SEHER study of a whole-school health promotion intervention in Bihar, India was found to be feasible, acceptable and effective in improving school climate and student health behaviors. The objective of this case study is to describe the decision-making processes, barriers, and enablers to continuing the SEHER intervention following its official closure. Methods: For this exploratory qualitative case study, data were collected from four government-run secondary schools, two of which continued SEHER and two of which discontinued it after official closure. Thirteen school staff were interviewed, and 100 girls and boys (aged 15-18 years old) participated in eight focus groups discussing their experiences of the process of continuing the intervention (or discontinuing) following its official closure. Thematic analysis was conducted in NVivo 12 using grounded theory. Results: No school sustained the intervention as originally delivered in the research trial. In two schools, the intervention was adapted by selecting sustainable components, whereas in two others it was discontinued altogether. We identified four interrelated themes that explained the complex decision-making process, barriers, and enablers related to program continuation: (1) understanding of the intervention philosophy among school staff; (2) school capabilities to continue with intervention activities; (3) school attitudes and motivation about implementing the intervention, and; (4) the education policy environment and governance structures. Suggestions for overcoming barriers included adequate resource allocation; training, supervision, and support from external providers and the Ministry of Education; and formal government approval to continue the intervention. Conclusion: Sustaining this whole-school health promotion intervention in lowresource school settings in India depended on individual, school and government factors as well as external support. These findings suggest that health interventions will not necessarily become embedded in a school's operations merely because they are designed as a whole-school approach or because they are effective. Research should identify the resources and processes required to balance planning for future sustainability while awaiting trial results about an intervention's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and convenient method for synthesis of 7,10,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridin-8(9H)-one derivatives using Cu/MCM-41 (20 mg) as heterogeneous catalyst. The advantages have an excellent product yield within a short time and easy work-up procedure, and the products have directly recrystallized from hot methanol with cost-effective catalyst. One-pot three-component reaction from aromatic aldehydes, cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and 1-naphthyl amine has been carried under ethanol as a solvent with reflux condition. Moreover, the catalyst can be recovered conveniently and reused efficiently, and recyclable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dynamics of the anemia burden among Indian adolescents are poorly understood because of a lack of population-based longitudinal data. Objectives: To examine the burden of anemia among never-married adolescents aged 10-19 y from the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India, and a wide range of predictors of its incidence and remission. Methods: A sample of 3279 adolescents (male: 1787 and female: 1492) aged 10-19 y were included from baseline (2015-2016) and followup (2018-2019) surveys of the UDAYA (Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults) project in India. In 2018-2019, all new cases of anemia were considered as incidence, whereas a return to the nonanemic status from being anemic in 2015-2016 was considered remission. Univariate and multivariable modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance were deployed to attain the study objective. Results: The crude prevalence of anemia among males decreased from 33.9% (95% CI: 30.7%-37.3%) in 2015-2016 to 31.6% (95% CI: 28.6%-34.7%) in 2018-2019 but increased among females from 57.7% (95% CI: 53.5%-61.7%) in 2015-2016 to 63.8% (95% CI: 59.9%- 67.5%) in 2018-2019. Anemia incidence was estimated to be 33.7% (95% CI: 30.3%-37.2%), whereas nearly 38.5% (95% CI: 35.1%-42.1%) of adolescents experienced remission of anemia. Older adolescents (aged 15-19 y) were less likely to experience anemia incidence. Consumption of eggs daily or weekly was negatively associated with anemia incidence compared with occasional or never consumption. Females had a higher risk of experiencing an incidence of anemia and decreased risk of experiencing anemia remission. The likelihood of adolescents experiencing anemia increased with an increased patient health questionnaire score. Household size was also associated with an increased risk of anemia incidence. Conclusions: Interventions that are sensitive to socio-demographic factors and encouraging access to mental health services and nutritious food consumption could be helpful in further anemia mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The school presents an ideal environment to positively impact the long‐term health and nutrition outcomes of early adolescents, who are at risk of obesity and anemia. METHODS: In this cross‐sectional survey, we described differences in weight and anemia by sociodemographic, diet and physical activity indicators among 1059 students aged 11 to 15 years from 22 junior secondary schools in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Weight was based on body mass index (BMI) z‐scores according to the WHO reference and anemia status was defined by standardized hemoglobin (Hb) measure cut‐offs. We calculated dietary diversity scores (DDS) from a 24‐hour dietary recall and a global diet quality score (GDQS) from a 7‐day dietary recall. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity (5%) and anemia (50%) was relatively high among the students, which differed significantly between gender, household wealth and school grade, but not age groups. Eighteen percent of the female adolescents were overweight or obese and 22% were moderately anemic compared to 13% and 16% of the male adolescents. Dietary diversity was significantly different between weight categories, but not anemia status. For physical activity, those taking transportation to school were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese. In adjusted multivariable Poisson regression analyses, only the DDS was significantly associated with thinness and both thinness and anemia, while taking transportation to school was significantly associated with overweight among adolescents. CONCLUSION: We encourage the promotion of school‐based interventions and provision of a curriculum on health and healthy eating in order to reduce obesity, anemia, and its comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The interest in life skills education programs in schools is growing. Yet, there is limited evidence on implementation indicators for such programs in low-income countries. Aim: We present a qualitative evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of the Heartfulness Way program—a secondary school-based social-emotional program, based on mindfulness techniques delivered by teachers in India. Methods: This qualitative study collected data from 12 schools in four Indian cities, namely, Chennai, Hyderabad, Prayagraj, and Pune. Data collection included focus group discussions with adolescents (n = 24) and teachers (n = 12), semistructured interviews with school principals (n = 12), program delivering teachers (n = 7), and program staff (n = 4). A thematic analysis was performed using NVivo 12. Results: Overall, the mindfulness-based classroom curriculum was strongly supported by participants. Acceptability was determined by positive responses, prosocial behavior, self-acceptance, and supportive bonds, according to students. Several themes of perceived benefits of the program including, improved relationships among peers and between students and teachers were identified. In general, the teachers' interviews indicated that there was a high level of satisfaction with the training and curriculum provided by the program. Teachers were able to provide high coverage (75%–80%) of the program activities, but several potential barriers were also identified, including insufficient training for teachers and the need for direct supervision. Conclusion: The Heartfulness Way program, a social-emotional learning intervention, has shown strong support for acceptance and delivery by school communities. Future studies are needed to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this program for improving the health and well-being of school-aged adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Two billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are deficient in key nutrients. Nutritional deficiencies worsen during pregnancy, causing adverse outcomes for the mother and the fetus, with consequences after pregnancy. These effects may be mitigated by providing micronutrient supplementation to women during pregnancy and lactation. However, the effects of micronutrient supplementation on the nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women and that of their infants remain largely unclear in LMICs. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effects of single, double, or multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy or lactation on maternal and infant nutritional status in LMICs. Methods: Randomized controlled trials of single, double, or combinations of micronutrients assessing effects on the maternal (serum, plasma, and breastmilk) and infant (serum and plasma) nutritional status will be included. MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, CENTRAL (through Cochrane Library), and the World Health Organization (WHO) library database will be used to identify relevant published studies, starting from the inception of each database until February 28, 2022. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The selection of studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment will be carried out independently by 2 reviewers. A narrative summary will be provided of all the included studies. Meta-analyses will be performed whenever possible, and the heterogeneity of effects will be evaluated using I², subgroup analyses, and metaregression. The certainty of the evidence for each outcome will be assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Results: We will conduct meta-analyses using Stata software (version 16, StataCorp) and present both a narrative and systematic summary of all studies included in this review in text and table form. For continuous outcomes, effect estimates will be expressed as mean differences and standardized mean differences, while for binary outcomes, they will be expressed as risk ratios, rate ratios, hazards ratios, or odds ratios, all with 95% CIs and comparing the intervention group with the control group. When studies for an outcome are adequately consistent with respect to intervention, comparator, and definition of the outcome, a random-effects, inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis will be conducted. We will provide a narrative synthesis for outcomes with insufficient data or extreme heterogeneity. Conclusions: This review will provide evidence upon which to base policy and programming for women in LMICs to supplement micronutrients in pregnancy and lactation. Detailed results disaggregated by variables such as maternal age, sex of infant, duration, and dose of intervention may also help policy makers, researchers, practitioners, and government agencies to adopt more effective maternal and child health policies and programs in LMICs. The review will also identify any gaps in the existing evidence. Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022308715; https://tinyurl.com/y33cxekr. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/40134 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a guideline for conducting new thriving interdisciplinary technological courses for faculties (participants) from different domain knowledge. The generalized guideline starts with an analysis of the training requirements of participants. Based on the analysis, resources are finalized along with course structure and objectives. Participants fulfilling prerequisites are identified, and related basic knowledge is ensured. Based on the prerequisite knowledge, groups are formed, termed as "Knowledge Dissemination Group". The philosophy of this group is for effective exchange of knowledge in minimum time. Quizzes are conducted to measure the attainment of the course outcomes. Improvement in course outcomes is observed with the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Coumarins are a large family of benzopyrones, and more than 1300 coumarins have been reported to date. Natural, as well as synthetic, coumarins have demonstrated a diverse activity spectrum. On the other hand, the demands of the current health scenario witnessing morbidity and mortality due to microbial infections and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, the well-reported phytochemical coumarin can be of interest. Some of the well-reported coumarin analogues as antimicrobial agents include β-lactum derivatives, coumarin-based 1,2,3-triazole compounds, the miconazole analogue, coumarin-substituted pyrazole hybrids, pyranocoumarin, coumarin−sulphonamide hybrids, pyranocoumarins, coumarin−sulphonamide derivatives, chromenylpyrazoles candidates, 3-amidocoumarins analogues, uracil−coumarin hybrids, indolinedione−coumarin hybrids, coumarin−imidazole hybrids, coumarin-fused pyrazolones and methyl thiazole derivatives, coumarin−theophylline hybrids, etc. In the present review, several methods for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives as antimicrobial agents are reported, along with structure−activity relationship (SAR) studies focusing on the developments reported since 2016. A major global health risk has been witnessed with the development of drug-resistant bacteria and multidrug-resistant pathogens linked to significant mortality. Coumarins are heterocyclic compounds belonging to the benzophenone class enriched in different plants. Coumarins and their derivatives have a wide range of biological activity, including antibacterial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumour, and enzyme inhibitory effects. In the past few years, attempts have been reported towards the optimization, synthesis, and evaluation of novel coumarin analogues as antimicrobial agents. Several coumarin-based antibiotic hybrids have been developed, and the majority of them were reported to exhibit potential antibacterial effects. In the present work, studies reported from 2016 to 2020 about antimicrobial coumarin analogues are the focus. The diverse biological spectrum of coumarins can be attributed to their free radical scavenging abilities. In addition to various synthetic strategies developed, some of the structural features include a heterocyclic ring with electron-withdrawing/donating groups conjugated with the coumarin nucleus. The suggested structure−activity relationship (SAR) can provide insight into how coumarin hybrids can be rationally improved against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The present work demonstrates molecular insights for coumarin derivatives having antimicrobial properties from the recent past. The detailed SAR outcomes will benefit towards leading optimization during the discovery and development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isatin (1H indole 2, 3-dione) is a heterocyclic, endogenous lead molecule recognized in humans and different plants. The isatin nucleus and its derivatives are owed the attention of researchers due to their diverse pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-TB, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anti-HIV, and so on. Many research chemists take advantage of the gentle structure of isatins, such as NH at position 1 and carbonyl functions at positions 2 and 3, for designing biologically active analogues via different approaches. Literature surveys based on reported preclinical, clinical, and patented details confirm the multitarget profile of isatin analogues and thus their importance in the field of medicinal chemistry as a potent chemotherapeutic agent. This review represents the recent development of isatin analogues possessing potential pharmacological action in the years 2016–2020. The structure–activity relationship is also discussed to provide a pharmacophoric pattern that may contribute in the future to the design and synthesis of potent and less toxic therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: School absenteeism and grade retention are associated with various life-course problems. In this study, we examined school absenteeism and grade retention in Ethiopian adolescents, as well as factors associated with them. Methods: We analyzed data from 1200 adolescents (aged 10-14 years) from 20 public primary schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We carried out multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusting for school-level clustering, to determine the factors associated with school absenteeism and grade retention. Results: Grade retention, father's lower education, parental occupation other than a government job, household food insecurity, being in large schools, and not having toilets in the school were associated with higher absenteeism rates, while involvement in paid work was associated with lower absenteeism rates. Having educational resources at home was associated with lower odds of retaining a grade but having mental health problems and a father's occupation other than a government job were associated with higher odds of grade retention. Conclusions: Interventions aiming to increase school presence and performance among urban Ethiopian adolescents may require a multi-level approach addressing food insecurity, psychosocial problems, and provision of sanitation facilities at schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space and time correlation is more pronounced in data centric wireless sensor networks. One of the approaches towards energy sustenance in wireless sensor network is to identify the nodes with similar readings and maintain the orderly collection of data from such nodes in a time dispersed manner so as to enhance the network lifetime. We try to take advantage of spatial-correlation and apply the same in cluster formation process. Here, we have suggested a scheme or algorithm towards Spatial correlation based clustering and an election of cluster-head determined by the position of cluster-members with reference to Base Station location, node's residual-energy, summative distance of propagation from each cluster-member to cluster head. Also the routing algorithm adopts a dynamic two hop or three hop route to reach the sink or base-station, thereby contributing to the energy efficiency and improved lifetime of sensor network in comparison to that seen in standard schemes or algorithms like Low Energy Adaptive-Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Stable-Election-Protocol (SEP) and Distributed Energy-Efficient-Clustering (DEEC) Protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Segmentation of video in to objects is must for retrieval of videos based on the contents or detection systems based on the concepts. A variety of video object segmentation algorithms, including semiautomatic and automatic, have been developed. Semiautomatic methods require involvement of human and are therefore inappropriate for numerous applications. Although various applications needs segmentation to be performed automatically, there is still scope for refinement. The goal of the work proposed here is to identify the gaps in existing segmentation systems as well as to provide viable solutions for overcoming such problems in order to develop a accurate and efficient video segmentation method. In this paper the work that is proposed, addresses issues related to segmentation of video automatically, like background that is uncovered, interim poses, and background's global motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on providing economical methods for manufacturing of hot die steel inserts, for various optimized solutions developed the constraint of the existing manufacturing setup is also considered. The techniques are implemented on a pressure die casting moving die insert component. The present optimized solution is derived for manufacturing rope length minimization of the die casting inserts (moving and fixed die) to get optimized solutions at every stage. The implementation of combined electrode, combined assembly machining and the cluster plate machining techniques are the key development done in the research. Combined electrodes, assembly machining along with cluster machining of the electrodes reduce the total physical operational time of the die which will ultimately leads to saving the overall manufacturing cost and increase the profit The proposed solution opens up new avenues for similar automobile components by setting benchmark to decrease the rope length associated to manufacturing and increase the profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of wild vegetables as a source of food is well documented all over the world. Wild food plants are commonly used in the traditional diets of indigenous people in many parts of the world, including India. Studies on the role of wild leafy and fruit vegetables in food security could provide important information for the development of policies on careful exploitation of natural resources for human sustenance. This study aimed to assess the medicinal uses/values of selected wild edible vegetables consumed as a source of food by local communities from the Nanded District. In the present study total of thirty-nine different wild vegetables were reported to be consumed by local tribal peoples which have a reported ethnomedicinal value in the literature. The reported 39 wild vegetables were found to be distributed within 23 different families. Among them, members of Cucurbitaceae (06) have been dominated the overall count, followed by Malvaceae (04) and Amaranthaceae (04). Leaves and Fruits are the common part to be used in the preparation of vegetable dishes. The study suggests consumption of wild vegetables with medicinal values should be encouraged since it may assist in the well-being of communities in/of lower economic strata. The results of the study also indicate that the health of tribal people is sturdy may be because of their diversified dietary contents. The wild vegetables are nutritionally rich, organic, and high in phytoconstituents, especially secondary metabolites, minerals, and vitamins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is concerned with ethanolic extract of Astraea lobata (L.) Klotzsch leaves Swertia chirata (Wall.) leaves, and Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f. leaves and stems revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, and Phenols. These plant extracts had potential antioxidant, haemolytic, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant derived herbal formulations and remedies provide an effective means for the treatment of various types of disease that are dogmatic and incurable in other types of systems of medicines, but it is essential to explore and establish the scientific basis for therapeutic action of herbal plant medicines. Bauhinia variegata root ethanolic extract was studied for the hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats. For estimation of hepatoprotective role of B. variegata, total bilirubin count, serum enzymes level and finally histopathological study of liver were performed. This extract's DPPH radical scavenging potential was also studied. The ethanolic extract of B. variegata root administered orally to animal showed significant depletion in CCL4 induced increased level of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin concentration. Significantly (p<0.05), hepatotoxicity is reversed by treatment with Liv 52 syrup also. For initiation of biochemical analysis, the histopathological studies are provided supportive evidence. This extract also showed better activity in quenching DPPH radical. The ethanolic extract of B. variegata root shows antioxidant property by preventing the formation of trichloromethyl peroxy radicals, and thus reduce tissue damage, which is examined and confirmed by the histopathological studies. Therefore, the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of B. variegata root may be due to its antioxidant potential. Previously studies have reported that plants containing flavonoids possess antioxidant properties. The antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of the test plant may be attributed to the presence flavonoids. B. variegata root ethanolic extract is shown to have hepatoprotective and antioxidant action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was performed to investigate the underlying defensive mechanisms of formononetin in nephrotoxicity by using in vivo and in vitro models. MTT assay was carried out to test the toxic effect of formononetin in HEK-293 cells which were treated with formononetin (5, 10, 20 µM) and cisplatin (20 µM). The concentrations of TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) were determined in the cell supernatant. Nephrotoxicity in rats was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin at a dose of 5 mg/kg, and formononetin at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg was used to study protective activity. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, oxidative strain, a proinflammatory cytokine, NO, and histological alteration were measured to find the therapeutic activity of formononetin. Cells treated with cisplatin showed increased levels of TNF-α and NO. Formononetin-treated cell lines showed a decreased level of TNF-α and NO production. In vivo studies determine that in the disease control group, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, BUN, and creatinine were increased because of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. After the treatment of formononetin for 14 days, the levels of cytokines and oxidative stress were reduced in the test control group as compared to the disease control group. The inhibitory action of formononetin on inflammatory responses was achieved by reducing the expressions of cytokines. Cisplatin-treated rats showed the altered structure of kidney tissue; meanwhile, formononetin normalizes the structure of kidney tissue. From our findings, we conclude that formononetin has therapeutic potential in renal complications like nephrotoxicity, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α) and oxidative stress (i.e., NO) in HEK-293 cell lines as well as protecting the rats from nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a period of rapid physical growth and transition between childhood to adulthood. However, in many developing countries, nutritional and epidemiological transitions are contributing to surging overnutrition, which, together with prevalent undernutrition, is resulting in the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among adolescents. Schools as social systems have tremendous but mostly underutilized capacity to facilitate change and address a range of nutritional and associated educational concerns of adolescents and young people. The main objective of this systematic review will be to describe school-based interventions that address the multiple forms of malnutrition, and synthesize their effects on nutrition and educational outcomes among adolescents (10 − 19 − years − old) from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Comprehensive literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases, including Medline (through PubMed), Embase, CENTRAL (through Cochrane Library), CINAHL, and Google Scholar. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs including controlled before-after studies, examining the effects of nutrition interventions on nutrition and educational outcomes among adolescents in LMICs. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations and full-text articles and abstract data. The quality of the included studies will be assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's revised tool for assessing the risk of bias for RCTs and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool for controlled before-after studies and non-randomized controlled trials. Discussion: To maximize the power of schools as a platform to reinforce the mutually beneficial relationship between adolescent nutrition and education, it is imperative to develop and implement integrated interventions connecting schools, adolescents, parents, communities, and the health care system. The results of this systematic review may provide a comprehensive state of current knowledge on the effectiveness of school-based interventions to enable future research that maximizes the impact and efficiency of integrated approaches to tackle multiple forms of malnutrition among school-going and out-of-school adolescents. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42020211109 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination of two dimensional graphene and semi-conducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is of great interest for various electronic device applications. Here, we demonstrate fabrication of a hybridized structure with the chemical vapor deposited graphene and MoS2 crystals to configure a memory device. Elongated hexagonal and rhombus shaped MoS2 crystals are synthesized by sulfurization of thermally evaporated molybdenum oxide (MoO3) thin film. Scanning transmission electron microscope studies reveal atomic level structure of the synthesized high quality MoS2 crystals. In the prospect of a memory device fabrication, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is used as an insulating dielectric material as well as a supporting layer to transfer the MoS2 crystals. In the fabricated device, PMMA-MoS2 and graphene layers act as the functional and electrode materials, respectively. Distinctive bistable electrical switching and nonvolatile rewritable memory effect is observed in the fabricated PMMA-MoS2/graphene heterostructure. The developed material system and demonstrated memory device fabrication can be significant for next generation data storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrically switchable graphene terahertz (THz) modulator with a tunable‐by‐design optical bandwidth is presented and it is exploited to compensate the cavity dispersion of a quantum cascade laser (QCL). Electrostatic gating is achieved by a metal grating used as a gate electrode, with an HfO2/AlOx gate dielectric on top. This is patterned on a polyimide layer, which acts as a quarter wave resonance cavity, coupled with an Au reflector underneath. The authors achieve 90% modulation depth of the intensity, combined with a 20 kHz electrical bandwidth in the 1.9–2.7 THz range. The modulator is then integrated with a multimode THz QCL. By adjusting the modulator operational bandwidth, the authors demonstrate that the graphene modulator can partially compensate the QCL cavity dispersion, resulting in an integrated laser behaving as a stable frequency comb over 35% of the operational range, with 98 equidistant optical modes and a spectral coverage ~1.2 THz. This paves the way for applications in the terahertz, such as tunable transformation‐optics devices, active photonic components, adaptive and quantum optics, and metrological tools for spectroscopy at THz frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Ocular drug delivery is the most challenging and interesting goal in front of the pharmaceutical scientist. Ocular inflammation is the most commonly affecting disease of the eye. The objectives of present investigation were to formulate and evaluate eudragit RS PO (ERS PO) based Aceclofenac (ACF) Nano suspension for ophthalmic application. Materials and Methods: The ACF Nano suspensions were prepared by Nano precipitation method and the optimized formulation was lyophilized and further characterized for, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release study, pH study, ex-vivo trans corneal study, corneal hydration (%) study, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: The optimized ACF Nano suspension was compared with standard ACF solution prepared according to USP. The Nano suspensions were prepared successfully by Nano precipitation method. The FTIR, DSC and XRD studies confirmed absence of drug-polymer interactions. DSC and XRD results reflected the amorphization of drug in formulation. The SEM images revealed that there will be no irritation cause after ocular administration due to spherical and smooth surface. The results of in vitro drug release study indicated that higher % entrapment efficiency of drug in Nano suspension delays the drug release and increase the corneal residence time. Conclusion: From ex vivo trans corneal study it was found that optimized formulation showed higher % permeation of drug as compared with 0.1 % Aceclofenac solution with no signs of corneal damage and eye friendly behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Poor nutritional status and educational outcomes are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life course. Objectives We examined the associations of sex, iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation, deworming, and dietary diversity with nutritional status and learning outcomes among Indian adolescents. Methods Data of 12 035 adolescents from two rounds (2015-16 and 2018-19) of the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults surveys in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India were used. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the prospective relationships of explanatory variables in the first round of the survey with nutritional status (ie, hemoglobin, BMI- and height-for-age z-scores, and incidence of anemia, stunting, and underweight) and learning outcomes (ie, reading proficiency, math proficiency, and school dropout) in the second round of the survey. The multivariable models were adjusted for a range of confounders, clustering by the population sampling unit and sampling weights. Results Girls had a lower hemoglobin (adjusted mean difference (aMD) = -2.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -2.20, -1.94; P< 0.001) and height-for-age z-score (aMD = -0.45; 95% CI = -0.53, -0.38; P < 0.001) and higher BMI-for-age z-score (aMD = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.27, 0.44; P < 0.001) compared to boys. Girls had poorer reading (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.70, 0.95; P = 0.01) and math proficiency (adjusted odds ratio aOR=0.36; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.42; P < 0.001), and increased risk of school dropout (aOR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.40, 1.95; P < 0.001) than boys. Receiving IFA tablets was not significantly associated with hemoglobin levels of adolescents overall, however we noted a significant beneficial relationship among girls (aMD = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.82) but not among boys (aMD = 0.02; 95% CI = -0.38, 0.43) (P for interaction = 0.09). Receiving IFA tablets was positively associated with reading proficiency (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.01; P = 0.02), math proficiency (aOR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.16, 1.98; P < 0.001) and a reduced risk of school dropout (aOR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.96; P = 0.03). Deworming was not associated with nutritional status and learning outcomes. Diverse dietary intake was positively associated with hemoglobin, height-for-age z-score and math proficiency, and a reduced risk of school dropout in adolescents. Conclusion Integrated nutritional and health interventions and strengthening the existing nutrition supplementation program are critical to address adolescents' nutritional needs and improve educational outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Adolescent wellbeing is critical to breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty and one in five of the world's adolescents live in India. We explored predictors of learning skills and depression in Indian adolescents. Methods: Data on adolescents aged 10–19y (three groups: 5,840 unmarried males, 8,953 unmarried females, 4,933 married females) were available from the state-representative Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults survey in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for cluster sampling design and state fixed effects were used to examine factors (demographic, health/nutrition, social, and environmental) associated with three outcomes: reading proficiency, math proficiency, and depressive symptoms. Findings: Learning skills were poor (28–61% lacked basic reading and math skills depending on adolescent group and outcome) and depression was common (8–26%). Better learning skills were predicted by greater household wealth (AOR 1.72–2.55 depending on group) and household head education (AOR 1.03–1.07 per year), being in school (AOR 4.19–18.65), parental support (AOR 1.11–1.39), having gender equal attitudes (AOR 1.56–2.67), number of food groups consumed at least weekly (unmarried females: AOR 1.11), and having an improved latrine (AOR 1.33–1.51). Poorer learning skills were predicted by family substance use (AOR 0.68–0.74), underweight (males: AOR 0.74), witnessing parental violence (AOR 0.66–0.78). Depressive symptoms were predicted by witnessing parental violence (AOR 1.51–1.92) and experiencing sexual abuse (AOR 2.30–6.16). Conclusion: Factors across multiple life dimensions are associated with learning skills and depression in Indian adolescents. Adolescent-focused policies and programs should consider health/nutrition, social, and environmental aspects of life in vulnerable individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) emerged in 2019 and proliferated rapidly across the globe. Scientists are attempting to investigate antivirals specific to COVID-19 treatment. The 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV utilize the same receptor of the host which is COVID-19 of the main protease (Mpro).COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is burdensome to overcome by presently acquired antiviral candidates. So the objective and purpose of this work was to investigate the plants with reported potential antiviral activity. With the aid of in silico techniques such as molecular docking and druggability studies, we have proposed several natural active compounds including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene which can be encountered as potential herbal candidate exhibiting anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Promising docking outcomes have been executed which evidenced the worthy of these selected herbal remedies for future drug development to combat coronavirus disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most appropriate way of identifying the categories of healthcare waste is by sorting the waste into color coded plastic bags or containers.2,3 Since early recovery of patients and health of clinical staff directly depends on a clean and hygienic environment, excellent hygiene practices in health care facilities are the prerequisite for good medical waste management 8 Objective: Aim of this study is to see effectiveness of segregation practiced in the hospital and establish a monitoring system to monitor deficiencies in segregation. Method: This cross sectional study conducted during the period of June to August 2012 in a tertiary care Hospital. Eighty Two (82) areas were identified as BMW generation area. As per the norms segregation was done in four different color coded containers. So, total segregation containers will be 82X4=328. Any mix up or wrong segregation will be noted in the register daily by the Infection Control Nurse. A Monthly report based on BMW Register was developed. Results: The index named as Bio-Medical Waste Segregation Deficiency index (BMWSD index). calculated as number of deficiencies found in a area/areas divided by the possible number of deficiencies can occur in that area/areas. Daily data then entered into the Monthly report and monthly BMWSD index was made. Though this is a continuous process, for this study three months data (June, July and August 2012) were taken for analysis. Discussion: In this Cross sectional study, it was found that there was a over all deterioration in segregation of BMW when compare to June, July and August reports. The areas with high BMWSD index or where segregation is poor will be reflected through this monitoring system. Conclusion: This BMWSD index can be used as an indicator of Infection control Practice. This report is to identify the deficiency areas in the entire hospital in BMW segregation, which can be used for analysis and planning for better BMW Management like, training of the staffs of particular units, modification in methods etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-doped photocatalysts are among the new class of materials employed for photocatalysis and as an antimicrobial agent. Lower band gap energy due to the metal dopant and lower electron–hole recombination because of non-metal dopant increase the overall efficiency of photocatalyst. Furthermore, these dopants directly influence optical shift, crystallinity and surface area. A Ni, C, N, S multi-doped ZnO photocatalyst was synthesized by simple hydrothermal co-precipitation method by using thiourea as a non-metal precursor and was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDAX, FTIR techniques. Ni, C, N, S dopants were detected in EDAX, FTIR and XRD. The average particle size was found 12.82 nm from particle size distribution studies, TEM and XRD analysis. The synthesized catalyst showed highest photocatalytic efficiency of Indigo Carmine dye at higher pH and minimum catalyst dose in 120 min of solar light exposure by obeying pseudo first order kinetics. Furthermore, the catalyst was reused for multiple degradation cycles and reusable up to four cycles. Ni, C, N, S multi-doped ZnO photocatalyst was also employed as an antimicrobial agent and showed higher antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus pathogenic bacteria at different concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strengthening Evidence base on scHool-based intErventions for pRomoting adolescent health (SEHER) is a multicomponent, whole-school health promotion intervention delivered by a lay counsellor or a teacher in government-run secondary schools in Bihar, India. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of the intervention after two years of follow-up and to evaluate the consistency of the findings observed over time.Methods and Findings: We conducted a cluster randomised trial in which 75 schools were randomised (1:1:1) to receive the SEHER intervention delivered by a lay counsellor (SEHER Mitra [SM]) or a teacher (Teacher as SEHER Mitra [TSM]), respectively, alongside a standardised, classroom-based life skills Adolescence Education Program (AEP), compared to AEP alone (control group). The trial design was a repeat cross-sectional study. Students enrolled in grade 9 (aged 13-15 years) in the 2015-2016 academic year were exposed to the intervention for two years and the outcome assessment was conducted at three time points─at baseline in June 2015; 8-months follow-up in March 2016, when the students were still in grade 9; and endpoint at 17-months follow-up in December 2016 (when the students were in grade 10), the results of which are presented in this paper. The primary outcome, school climate, was measured with the Beyond Blue School Climate Questionnaire (BBSCQ). Intervention effects were estimated using mixed-effects linear or logistic regression, including a random effect to adjust for within-school clustering, minimisation variables, baseline cluster-level score of the outcome, and sociodemographic characteristics. In total, 15,232 students participated in the 17-month survey. Compared with the control group, the participants in the SM intervention group reported improvements in school climate (adjusted mean difference [aMD] = 7.33; 95% CI: 6.60-8.06; p < 0.001) and most secondary outcomes (depression: aMD = -4.64; 95% CI: -5.83-3.45; p < 0.001; attitude towards gender equity: aMD = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.65-1.40; p < 0.001; frequency of bullying: aMD = -2.77; 95% CI: -3.40 to -2.14; p < 0.001; violence victimisation: odds ratio [OR] = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.04-0.14; p < 0.001; and violence perpetration: OR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.09-0.29; p < 0.001). There was no evidence of an intervention effect in the TSM group compared with control group. The effects of the lay counsellor-delivered intervention were larger for most outcomes at 17-months follow-up compared with those at 8 months: school climate (effect size [ES; 95% CI] = 2.23 [1.97-2.50] versus 1.88 [1.44-2.32], p < 0.001); depression (ES [95% CI] = -1.19 [-1.56 to -0.82] versus -0.27 [-0.44 to -0.11], p < 0.001); attitude towards gender equity (ES [95% CI] = 0.53 [0.27-0.79] versus 0.23 [0.10-0.36], p < 0.001); bullying (ES [95% CI] = -2.22 [-2.84 to -1.60] versus -0.47 [-0.61 to -0.33], p < 0.001); violence victimisation (OR [95% CI] = 0.08 [0.04-0.14] versus 0.62 [0.46-0.84], p < 0.001); and violence perpetration (OR [95% CI] = 0.16 [0.09-0.29] versus 0.68 [0.48-0.96], p < 0.001), suggesting incremental benefits with an extended intervention. A limitation of the study is that 27% of baseline participants did not complete the 17-month outcome assessment.Conclusions: The trial showed that the second-year outcomes were similar to the first-year outcomes, with no effect of the teacher-led intervention and larger benefits on school climate and adolescent health accruing from extending lay counsellor-delivered intervention.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02907125. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of cisplatin (CP) in chemotherapy of resistant cancers is limited due to its dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Disulfiram (DSF), the aversion therapy for alcoholism, has recently emerged as an anticancer and chemopreventive agent. Its anticancer activity is potentiated in the presence of copper. However, such use of copper leads to several adverse effects. In the present study, the protective effect of DSF and its copper chelate (Cu-DEDC) against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats was evaluated. Nephrotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (5 mg/kg). The treatment groups included control (vehicle treated), CP (CP-treated), CP + DSF (CP followed by DSF), CP + DSF + Cu (CP followed by DSF and CuCl2), CP + Cu-DEDC (CP followed by Cu-DEDC), and CP + AMF (amifostine pre-treated and CP-treated). The DSF, Cu-DEDC, and CuCl2 were administered orally at 50 mM/kg/day dose for 5 days post CP injection. AMF served as a standard chemo protectant, administered intravenously 30 min prior to CP. The markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and kidney function estimated on the 6th day revealed that both DSF and Cu-DEDC significantly attenuated the CP-induced rise in the serum/urine creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The CP-induced rise in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) was reversed by these drugs. Both drugs reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) in kidney tissues. These drugs reversed CP-induced depletion of SOD, catalase, and GSH in the kidneys. There was a significant reduction in the CP-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production along with prevention of histological alterations. Above observations indicate that DSF and Cu-DEDC may have significance as adjuvants to protect against CP-induced nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present dissertation addresses the service gaps and the causes behind it, specifically in super-speciality eye hospital with a wide range of multi-specialists. It includes the hierarchical process flow at a typical modern-day care Eye hospital. A Survey has been conducted in which the patients are posed a questionnaire during their first visit to the OPD, to provide constructive feedback and grievances. A qualitative feedback of this is done by using MS Excel and other service tools. The results have pointed out the locations and causes of delay By performing a Fish-bone analysis (cause-effect), the causes for delays in clinical diagnosis (done in various phases) are identified and plausible solutions are furnished to upgrade which would be a part of the continuous quality program. This research helps the reader understand the process of service, its results and implications that are proposed as a solution to overcome the above issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Mental health problems and suicide are the leading cause of mortality in young people globally. India is home to the largest number of adolescents in the world. This study was undertaken to assess the policy environment for addressing adolescent mental health in India.Methods: We conducted a review of 6 policies and programs and 11 in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The findings were analyzed using the policy triangle analysis framework (i.e., context, content, actors and process).Results: There is no conformity of the age ranges addressed by these documents nor are vulnerable groups explicitly recognized. Stress, anxiety and depression were commonly identified as mental health concerns and diverse platforms such as community, family, school, digital and health facility were recommended to deliver preventive and treatment interventions. Some interventions specifically targeted some social determinants (like safe and supportive schools) but many others (like social norms) were not addressed. Preventive interventions were recommended for delivery through peers and other non-specialist providers while treatment interventions were recommended for delivery in healthcare facilities by specialist health professionals. There was very little engagement of young people in the development of these policies or in their implementation, except for peer educators mentioned in one policy. Stakeholders identified several major challenges in implementing these policies, notably the lack of inter-sectoral coordination and fragmentation of governance; budgetary constraints; and scanty human resources.Conclusions: Although there are now several policy instruments testifying to a comprehensive approach on adolescent mental health, there are gaps in the extent of engagement of young people and how these will be operationalized that may limit their impact on addressing the burden of mental health problems in young people in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate anti parkinsonium effect of Betaine for its Applications in trigger factors in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and to understand development of new treatments approaches for PD. Betaine is naturally obtained product. It has antioxidant, neuroprotective activity. Hence, we inspected whether betaine can act as a protective agent in 6-OHDA induced oxidative stress on cerebellum of Sprague-Dawleyrats. Material and Methods Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats were dived into six groups. Rats were received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions for induction except normal and rats were treated with respective treatment. At the day of 21 rats were sacrificed. Prepared brain homogenate was used for further Biochemical estimation. Result: Betaine showed marked rise in SOD and Catalase activity as well as GSH content subsequently decreasing in the lipid peroxidation process. Our result suggests Betaine to be potent antioxidant at dose 12.5 and 25 mg/kg as compared to standard (L-dopa+Benserazide) and pro-inflammatory cytokines viz: TNF-a, IL-1ß and IL-6 were significantly reversed by Betaine as compared to that of standard group (L-dopa+ Benserazide). Discussion and Conclusion: Betaine showed dose dependent effect by reducing LPO level as increasing SOD, GSH and Catalase activity and marked reduced proinflammatory cytokine, hence we conclude that betaine has good anti parkinsonism activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tablets or capsules taken orally remain one of the most effective means of treatment available. The effectiveness of such dosage forms relies on the drug dissolving in the fluids of the gastrointestinal tract prior to absorption into the systemic circulation. The present study reveals the evaluation of four marketed sample of Telmisartan tablets. The main aim of the study is to conduct dissolution test on the tablets to determine the compliance with a given official monograph. Four different marketed samples of Telmisartan were purchased from local market. The Telmisartan tablets were evaluated for the various in-vitro tablet properties such as thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, disintegration time and dissolution rate. In-vitro dissolution test is conducted on four different brands of telmisartan tablets to assess their equivalency. All the four marketed samples of Telmisartan have shown good tablet properties and comply with the pharmacopoeial specification. The in- vitro dissolution showed the 80% drug release within one hour from all the four brands which complies with the specification of pharmacopoeia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]